passagemath-flint 10.6.1rc10__cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

sage/rings/padics/all__sagemath_flint.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-flint
+
+from sage.rings.padics.all__sagemath_ntl import *

sage/rings/polynomial/all__sagemath_flint.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-flint

sage/rings/polynomial/complex_roots.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-flint
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.libs.pari
+"""
+Isolate Complex Roots of Polynomials
+
+AUTHOR:
+
+- Carl Witty (2007-11-18): initial version
+
+This is an implementation of complex root isolation.  That is, given a
+polynomial with exact complex coefficients, we compute isolating
+intervals for the complex roots of the polynomial.  (Polynomials with
+integer, rational, Gaussian rational, or algebraic coefficients are
+supported.)
+
+We use a simple algorithm.  First, we compute a squarefree decomposition
+of the input polynomial; the resulting polynomials have no multiple roots.
+Then, we find the roots numerically, using NumPy (at low precision) or
+Pari (at high precision).  Then, we verify the roots using interval
+arithmetic.
+
+EXAMPLES::
+
+    sage: x = polygen(ZZ)
+    sage: (x^5 - x - 1).roots(ring=CIF)
+    [(1.167303978261419?, 1),
+     (-0.764884433600585? - 0.352471546031727?*I, 1),
+     (-0.764884433600585? + 0.352471546031727?*I, 1),
+     (0.181232444469876? - 1.083954101317711?*I, 1),
+     (0.181232444469876? + 1.083954101317711?*I, 1)]
+"""
+
+#*****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2007 Carl Witty
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+
+from copy import copy
+
+from sage.rings.complex_mpfr import ComplexField
+from sage.rings.complex_interval_field import ComplexIntervalField
+from sage.rings.qqbar import AA, QQbar
+from sage.arith.misc import sort_complex_numbers_for_display
+from sage.rings.polynomial.refine_root import refine_root
+
+
+def interval_roots(p, rts, prec):
+    """
+    We are given a squarefree polynomial p, a list of estimated roots,
+    and a precision.
+
+    We attempt to verify that the estimated roots are in fact distinct
+    roots of the polynomial, using interval arithmetic of precision ``prec``.
+    If we succeed, we return a list of intervals bounding the roots; if we
+    fail, we return ``None``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: x = polygen(ZZ)
+        sage: p = x^3 - 1
+        sage: rts = [CC.zeta(3)^i for i in range(0, 3)]
+        sage: from sage.rings.polynomial.complex_roots import interval_roots
+        sage: interval_roots(p, rts, 53)
+        [1, -0.500000000000000? + 0.866025403784439?*I,
+            -0.500000000000000? - 0.866025403784439?*I]
+        sage: interval_roots(p, rts, 200)
+        [1, -0.500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000?
+              + 0.866025403784438646763723170752936183471402626905190314027904?*I,
+            -0.500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000?
+              - 0.866025403784438646763723170752936183471402626905190314027904?*I]
+    """
+
+    CIF = ComplexIntervalField(prec)
+    CIFX = CIF['x']
+
+    ip = CIFX(p)
+    ipd = CIFX(p.derivative())
+
+    irts = []
+
+    for rt in rts:
+        irt = refine_root(ip, ipd, CIF(rt), CIF)
+        if irt is None:
+            return None
+        irts.append(irt)
+
+    return irts
+
+
+def intervals_disjoint(intvs):
+    """
+    Given a list of complex intervals, check whether they are pairwise
+    disjoint.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.rings.polynomial.complex_roots import intervals_disjoint
+        sage: a = CIF(RIF(0, 3), 0)
+        sage: b = CIF(0, RIF(1, 3))
+        sage: c = CIF(RIF(1, 2), RIF(1, 2))
+        sage: d = CIF(RIF(2, 3), RIF(2, 3))
+        sage: intervals_disjoint([a,b,c,d])
+        False
+        sage: d2 = CIF(RIF(2, 3), RIF(2.001, 3))
+        sage: intervals_disjoint([a,b,c,d2])
+        True
+    """
+
+    # This may be quadratic in perverse cases, but will take only
+    # n log(n) time in typical cases.
+
+    intvs = sorted(copy(intvs))
+
+    column = []
+    prev_real = None
+
+    def column_disjoint():
+        column.sort()
+
+        row = []
+        prev_imag = None
+
+        def row_disjoint():
+            for a in range(len(row)):
+                for b in range(a+1, len(row)):
+                    if row[a].overlaps(row[b]):
+                        return False
+            return True
+
+        for (y_imag, y) in column:
+            if prev_imag is not None and y_imag > prev_imag:
+                if not row_disjoint():
+                    return False
+                row = []
+            prev_imag = y_imag
+            row.append(y)
+        if not row_disjoint():
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    for x in intvs:
+        x_real = x.real()
+        if prev_real is not None and x_real > prev_real:
+            if not column_disjoint():
+                return False
+            column = []
+        prev_real = x_real
+        column.append((x.imag(), x))
+
+    if not column_disjoint():
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def complex_roots(p, skip_squarefree=False, retval='interval', min_prec=0):
+    """
+    Compute the complex roots of a given polynomial with exact
+    coefficients (integer, rational, Gaussian rational, and algebraic
+    coefficients are supported).  Returns a list of pairs of a root
+    and its multiplicity.
+
+    Roots are returned as a ComplexIntervalFieldElement; each interval
+    includes exactly one root, and the intervals are disjoint.
+
+    By default, the algorithm will do a squarefree decomposition
+    to get squarefree polynomials.  The skip_squarefree parameter
+    lets you skip this step.  (If this step is skipped, and the polynomial
+    has a repeated root, then the algorithm will loop forever!)
+
+    You can specify retval='interval' (the default) to get roots as
+    complex intervals.  The other options are retval='algebraic' to
+    get elements of QQbar, or retval='algebraic_real' to get only
+    the real roots, and to get them as elements of AA.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.rings.polynomial.complex_roots import complex_roots
+        sage: x = polygen(ZZ)
+        sage: complex_roots(x^5 - x - 1)
+        [(1.167303978261419?, 1),
+         (-0.764884433600585? - 0.352471546031727?*I, 1),
+         (-0.764884433600585? + 0.352471546031727?*I, 1),
+         (0.181232444469876? - 1.083954101317711?*I, 1),
+         (0.181232444469876? + 1.083954101317711?*I, 1)]
+        sage: v = complex_roots(x^2 + 27*x + 181)
+
+    Unfortunately due to numerical noise there can be a small imaginary part to each
+    root depending on CPU, compiler, etc, and that affects the printing order. So we
+    verify the real part of each root and check that the imaginary part is small in
+    both cases::
+
+        sage: v  # random
+        [(-14.61803398874990?..., 1), (-12.3819660112501...? + 0.?e-27*I, 1)]
+        sage: sorted((v[0][0].real(),v[1][0].real()))
+        [-14.61803398874989?, -12.3819660112501...?]
+        sage: v[0][0].imag().upper() < 1e25
+        True
+        sage: v[1][0].imag().upper() < 1e25
+        True
+
+        sage: K.<im> = QuadraticField(-1)
+        sage: eps = 1/2^100
+        sage: x = polygen(K)
+        sage: p = (x-1)*(x-1-eps)*(x-1+eps)*(x-1-eps*im)*(x-1+eps*im)
+
+    This polynomial actually has all-real coefficients, and is very, very
+    close to (x-1)^5::
+
+        sage: [RR(QQ(a)) for a in list(p - (x-1)^5)]
+        [3.87259191484932e-121, -3.87259191484932e-121]
+        sage: rts = complex_roots(p)
+        sage: [ComplexIntervalField(10)(rt[0] - 1) for rt in rts]
+        [-7.8887?e-31, 0, 7.8887?e-31, -7.8887?e-31*I, 7.8887?e-31*I]
+
+    We can get roots either as intervals, or as elements of QQbar or AA.
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: p = (x^2 + x - 1)
+        sage: p = p * p(x*im)
+        sage: p
+        -x^4 + (im - 1)*x^3 + im*x^2 + (-im - 1)*x + 1
+
+    Two of the roots have a zero real component; two have a zero
+    imaginary component.  These zero components will be found slightly
+    inaccurately, and the exact values returned are very sensitive to
+    the (non-portable) results of NumPy.  So we post-process the roots
+    for printing, to get predictable doctest results.
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: def tiny(x):
+        ....:     return x.contains_zero() and x.absolute_diameter() <  1e-14
+        sage: def smash(x):
+        ....:     x = CIF(x[0]) # discard multiplicity
+        ....:     if tiny(x.imag()): return x.real()
+        ....:     if tiny(x.real()): return CIF(0, x.imag())
+        sage: rts = complex_roots(p); type(rts[0][0]), sorted(map(smash, rts))
+        (<class 'sage.rings.complex_interval.ComplexIntervalFieldElement'>,
+         [-1.618033988749895?, -0.618033988749895?*I,
+          1.618033988749895?*I, 0.618033988749895?])
+        sage: rts = complex_roots(p, retval='algebraic'); type(rts[0][0]), sorted(map(smash, rts))
+        (<class 'sage.rings.qqbar.AlgebraicNumber'>,
+         [-1.618033988749895?, -0.618033988749895?*I,
+          1.618033988749895?*I, 0.618033988749895?])
+        sage: rts = complex_roots(p, retval='algebraic_real'); type(rts[0][0]), rts
+        (<class 'sage.rings.qqbar.AlgebraicReal'>,
+         [(-1.618033988749895?, 1), (0.618033988749895?, 1)])
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Verify that :issue:`12026` is fixed::
+
+        sage: f = matrix(QQ, 8, lambda i, j: 1/(i + j + 1)).charpoly()
+        sage: from sage.rings.polynomial.complex_roots import complex_roots
+        sage: len(complex_roots(f))
+        8
+    """
+
+    if skip_squarefree:
+        factors = [(p, 1)]
+    else:
+        factors = p.squarefree_decomposition()
+
+    prec = 53
+    while True:
+        CC = ComplexField(prec)
+        CCX = CC['x']
+
+        all_rts = []
+        ok = True
+
+        for (factor, exp) in factors:
+            cfac = CCX(factor)
+            rts = cfac.roots(multiplicities=False)
+            # Make sure the number of roots we found is the degree. If
+            # we don't find that many roots, it's because the
+            # precision isn't big enough and though the (possibly
+            # exact) polynomial "factor" is squarefree, it is not
+            # squarefree as an element of CCX.
+            if len(rts) < factor.degree():
+                ok = False
+                break
+            irts = interval_roots(factor, rts, max(prec, min_prec))
+            if irts is None:
+                ok = False
+                break
+            if retval != 'interval':
+                factor = QQbar.common_polynomial(factor)
+            all_rts.extend((irt, factor, exp) for irt in irts)
+
+        if ok and intervals_disjoint([rt for (rt, fac, mult) in all_rts]):
+            all_rts = sort_complex_numbers_for_display(all_rts)
+            if retval == 'interval':
+                return [(rt, mult) for (rt, fac, mult) in all_rts]
+            elif retval == 'algebraic':
+                return [(QQbar.polynomial_root(fac, rt), mult) for (rt, fac, mult) in all_rts]
+            elif retval == 'algebraic_real':
+                rts = []
+                for (rt, fac, mult) in all_rts:
+                    qqbar_rt = QQbar.polynomial_root(fac, rt)
+                    if qqbar_rt.imag().is_zero():
+                        rts.append((AA(qqbar_rt), mult))
+                return rts
+
+        prec = prec * 2

sage/rings/polynomial/evaluation_flint.pxd

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-flint
+from sage.libs.flint.types cimport fmpz_poly_t
+from sage.libs.mpfr.types cimport mpfr_t
+from sage.libs.mpfi.types cimport mpfi_t
+
+cdef fmpz_poly_evaluation_mpfr(mpfr_t res, const fmpz_poly_t poly, const mpfr_t a)
+cdef fmpz_poly_evaluation_mpfi(mpfi_t res, const fmpz_poly_t poly, const mpfi_t a)

sage/rings/polynomial/evaluation_flint.pyx

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-flint
+# distutils: libraries = flint
+r"""
+Fast evaluation of polynomials (Horner's rule)
+
+This file provides fast evaluation of integer polynomials with a real value. We
+consider flint polynomials and values mpfr_t and mpfi_t. If you intend
+to implement more it would be better to find a template strategy instead of
+duplicating the code.
+
+The code in this file is mostly Sage agnostic and only does library calls.
+
+For appropriate testing see
+:mod:`~sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_integer_dense_flint`.
+
+.. TODO::
+
+    Integrate these functions into
+    :mod:`~sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_compiled`
+"""
+#*****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2016 Vincent Delecroix <20100.delecroix@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.libs.mpfr cimport *
+from sage.libs.mpfi cimport *
+from sage.libs.gmp.mpz cimport *
+from sage.libs.gmp.mpq cimport *
+from sage.libs.flint.fmpz cimport *
+from sage.libs.flint.fmpz_poly cimport *
+from sage.libs.flint.fmpz_poly_sage cimport *
+
+
+cdef fmpz_poly_evaluation_mpfr(mpfr_t res, const fmpz_poly_t poly, const mpfr_t a):
+    cdef mpz_t c
+    cdef long i
+
+    mpfr_set_ui(res, 0, MPFR_RNDN)
+    mpz_init(c)
+
+    for i in range(fmpz_poly_degree(poly), -1, -1):
+        mpfr_mul(res, res, a, MPFR_RNDN)
+        if not fmpz_is_zero(fmpz_poly_get_coeff_ptr(poly, i)):
+            fmpz_poly_get_coeff_mpz(c, poly, i)
+            mpfr_add_z(res, res, c, MPFR_RNDN)
+
+    mpz_clear(c)
+
+cdef fmpz_poly_evaluation_mpfi(mpfi_t res, const fmpz_poly_t poly, const mpfi_t a):
+    cdef mpz_t c
+    cdef long i
+
+    mpfi_set_ui(res, 0)
+    mpz_init(c)
+
+    for i in range(fmpz_poly_degree(poly), -1, -1):
+        mpfi_mul(res, res, a)
+        if not fmpz_is_zero(fmpz_poly_get_coeff_ptr(poly, i)):
+            fmpz_poly_get_coeff_mpz(c, poly, i)
+            mpfi_add_z(res, res, c)
+
+    mpz_clear(c)