passagemath-flint 10.6.1rc10__cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

sage/quivers/algebra.py

@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-flint
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.graphs
+"""
+Path Algebras
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#  Copyright (C) 2012 Jim Stark <jstarx@gmail.com>
+#                2013 Simon King <simon.king@uni-jena.de>
+#                2014 Simon King <simon.king@uni-jena.de>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
+#    of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+#
+#  See the GNU General Public License for more details; the full text
+#  is available at:
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.combinat.free_module import CombinatorialFreeModule
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+
+from .algebra_elements import PathAlgebraElement
+
+
+class PathAlgebra(CombinatorialFreeModule):
+    r"""
+    Create the path algebra of a :class:`quiver <DiGraph>` over a given field.
+
+    Given a quiver `Q` and a field `k`, the path algebra `kQ` is defined as
+    follows.  As a vector space it has basis the set of all paths in `Q`.
+    Multiplication is defined on this basis and extended bilinearly.  If `p`
+    is a path with terminal vertex `t` and `q` is a path with initial vertex
+    `i` then the product `p*q` is defined to be the composition of the
+    paths `p` and `q` if `t = i` and `0` otherwise.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``k`` -- field (or commutative ring), the base field of the path algebra
+
+    - ``P`` -- the path semigroup of a quiver `Q`
+
+    - ``order`` -- string; one of ``'negdegrevlex'`` (default),
+      ``'degrevlex'``, ``'negdeglex'`` or ``'deglex'``, defining the monomial
+      order to be used
+
+    OUTPUT: the path algebra `kP` with the given monomial order
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        Monomial orders that are not degree orders are not supported.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}, 2:{3:['b']}}).path_semigroup()
+        sage: A = P.algebra(GF(7))
+        sage: A
+        Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 3 vertices over Finite Field of size 7
+        sage: A.variable_names()
+        ('e_1', 'e_2', 'e_3', 'a', 'b')
+
+    Note that path algebras are uniquely defined by their quiver, field and
+    monomial order::
+
+        sage: A is P.algebra(GF(7))
+        True
+        sage: A is P.algebra(GF(7), order='degrevlex')
+        False
+        sage: A is P.algebra(RR)
+        False
+        sage: A is DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(GF(7))
+        False
+
+    The path algebra of an acyclic quiver has a finite basis::
+
+        sage: A.dimension()
+        6
+        sage: list(A.basis())
+        [e_1, e_2, e_3, a, b, a*b]
+
+    The path algebra can create elements from paths or from elements of the
+    base ring::
+
+        sage: A(5)
+        5*e_1 + 5*e_2 + 5*e_3
+        sage: S = A.semigroup()
+        sage: S
+        Partial semigroup formed by the directed paths of Multi-digraph on 3 vertices
+        sage: p = S([(1, 2, 'a')])
+        sage: r = S([(2, 3, 'b')])
+        sage: e2 = S([(2, 2)])
+        sage: x = A(p) + A(e2)
+        sage: x
+        a + e_2
+        sage: y = A(p) + A(r)
+        sage: y
+        a + b
+
+    Path algebras are graded algebras.  The grading is given by assigning
+    to each basis element the length of the path corresponding to that
+    basis element::
+
+        sage: x.is_homogeneous()
+        False
+        sage: x.degree()
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: element is not homogeneous
+        sage: y.is_homogeneous()
+        True
+        sage: y.degree()
+        1
+        sage: A[1]
+        Free module spanned by [a, b] over Finite Field of size 7
+        sage: A[2]
+        Free module spanned by [a*b] over Finite Field of size 7
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: TestSuite(A).run()
+    """
+
+    Element = PathAlgebraElement
+
+    ###########################################################################
+    #                                                                         #
+    # PRIVATE FUNCTIONS                                                       #
+    #    These functions are not meant to be seen by the end user.            #
+    #                                                                         #
+    ###########################################################################
+
+    def __init__(self, k, P, order='negdegrevlex'):
+        """
+        Create a :class:`PathAlgebra` object.
+
+        Type ``PathAlgebra?`` for more information.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``k`` -- a commutative ring
+        - ``P`` -- the partial semigroup formed by the paths of a quiver
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}, 2:{3:['b', 'c']}, 4:{}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: P.algebra(GF(5))
+            Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 4 vertices over Finite Field of size 5
+        """
+        # The following hidden methods are relevant:
+        #
+        # - _base
+        #       The base ring of the path algebra.
+        # - _basis_keys
+        #       Finite enumerated set containing the QuiverPaths that form the
+        #       basis.
+        # - _quiver
+        #       The quiver of the path algebra
+        # - _semigroup
+        #       Shortcut for _quiver.semigroup()
+
+        from sage.categories.graded_algebras_with_basis import GradedAlgebrasWithBasis
+        self._quiver = P.quiver()
+        self._semigroup = P
+        self._ordstr = order
+        super().__init__(k, self._semigroup,
+                         prefix='',
+                         # element_class=self.Element,
+                         category=GradedAlgebrasWithBasis(k),
+                         bracket=False)
+        self._assign_names(self._semigroup.variable_names())
+
+    def order_string(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the string that defines the monomial order of this algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P1 = DiGraph({1:{1:['x','y','z']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(GF(25,'t'))
+            sage: P2 = DiGraph({1:{1:['x','y','z']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(GF(25,'t'), order='degrevlex')
+            sage: P3 = DiGraph({1:{1:['x','y','z']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(GF(25,'t'), order='negdeglex')
+            sage: P4 = DiGraph({1:{1:['x','y','z']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(GF(25,'t'), order='deglex')
+            sage: P1.order_string()
+            'negdegrevlex'
+            sage: P2.order_string()
+            'degrevlex'
+            sage: P3.order_string()
+            'negdeglex'
+            sage: P4.order_string()
+            'deglex'
+        """
+        return self._ordstr
+
+    @cached_method
+    def gens(self) -> tuple:
+        """
+        Return the generators of this algebra (idempotents and arrows).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}, 2:{3:['b', 'c']}, 4:{}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = P.algebra(GF(5))
+            sage: A.variable_names()
+            ('e_1', 'e_2', 'e_3', 'e_4', 'a', 'b', 'c')
+            sage: A.gens()
+            (e_1, e_2, e_3, e_4, a, b, c)
+        """
+        return tuple(self.gen(i) for i in range(self.ngens()))
+
+    @cached_method
+    def arrows(self):
+        """
+        Return the arrows of this algebra (corresponding to edges of the
+        underlying quiver).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}, 2:{3:['b', 'c']}, 4:{}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = P.algebra(GF(5))
+            sage: A.arrows()
+            (a, b, c)
+        """
+        return tuple(self._from_dict({index: self.base_ring().one()},
+                                     remove_zeros=False)
+                     for index in self._semigroup.arrows())
+
+    @cached_method
+    def idempotents(self):
+        """
+        Return the idempotents of this algebra (corresponding to vertices
+        of the underlying quiver).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}, 2:{3:['b', 'c']}, 4:{}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = P.algebra(GF(5))
+            sage: A.idempotents()
+            (e_1, e_2, e_3, e_4)
+        """
+        return tuple(self._from_dict({index: self.base_ring().one()},
+                                     remove_zeros=False)
+                     for index in self._semigroup.idempotents())
+
+    @cached_method
+    def gen(self, i):
+        """
+        Return the `i`-th generator of this algebra.
+
+        This is an idempotent (corresponding to a trivial path at a
+        vertex) if `i < n` (where `n` is the number of vertices of the
+        quiver), and a single-edge path otherwise.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}, 2:{3:['b', 'c']}, 4:{}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = P.algebra(GF(5))
+            sage: A.gens()
+            (e_1, e_2, e_3, e_4, a, b, c)
+            sage: A.gen(2)
+            e_3
+            sage: A.gen(5)
+            b
+        """
+        return self._from_dict({self._semigroup.gen(i): self.base_ring().one()},
+                               remove_zeros=False)
+
+    def ngens(self):
+        """
+        Number of generators of this algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}, 2:{3:['b', 'c']}, 4:{}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = P.algebra(GF(5))
+            sage: A.ngens()
+            7
+        """
+        return self._semigroup.ngens()
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, x):
+        """
+        Attempt to construct an element of ``self`` from ``x``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: A = DiGraph({2:{3:['b']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(ZZ)
+            sage: B = DiGraph({0:{1:['a']}, 1:{2:['c']}, 2:{3:['b']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(GF(5))
+            sage: x = A('b') + 1 # indirect doctest
+            sage: x
+            e_2 + b + e_3
+            sage: B(x) # indirect doctest
+            e_2 + b + e_3
+            sage: A(1) # indirect doctest
+            e_2 + e_3
+            sage: B(2) # indirect doctest
+            2*e_0 + 2*e_1 + 2*e_2 + 2*e_3
+            sage: B([(0,1,'a'),(1,2,'c')])  # indirect doctest
+            a*c
+        """
+        from sage.quivers.paths import QuiverPath
+        # If it's an element of another path algebra, do a linear combination
+        # of the basis
+        if isinstance(x, PathAlgebraElement) and isinstance(x.parent(), PathAlgebra):
+            result = {}
+            coeffs = x.monomial_coefficients()
+            for key in coeffs:
+                result[self._semigroup(key)] = coeffs[key]
+            return self.element_class(self, result)
+
+        # If it's a QuiverPath return the associated basis element
+        if isinstance(x, QuiverPath):
+            return self.element_class(self, {x: self.base_ring().one()})
+
+        # If it's a scalar, return a multiple of one:
+        if x in self.base_ring():
+            return self.one() * x
+
+        # If it's a tuple or a list, try and create a QuiverPath from it and
+        # then return the associated basis element
+        if isinstance(x, (tuple, list, str)):
+            return self.element_class(self, {self._semigroup(x): self.base_ring().one()})
+
+        if isinstance(x, dict):
+            return self.element_class(self, x)
+
+        # Otherwise let CombinatorialFreeModule try
+        return super()._element_constructor_(x)
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, other):
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if there is a coercion from ``other`` to ``self``.
+
+        The algebras that coerce into a path algebra are rings `k` or path
+        algebras `kQ` such that `k` has a coercion into the base ring of
+        ``self`` and `Q` is a subquiver of the quiver of ``self``.
+
+        In particular, the path semigroup of a subquiver coerces into the
+        algebra.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: P1 = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: P2 = DiGraph({1:{2:['a','b']}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: A1 = P1.algebra(GF(3))
+            sage: A2 = P2.algebra(GF(3))
+            sage: A1.coerce_map_from(A2) # indirect doctest
+            sage: A2.coerce_map_from(A1) # indirect doctest
+            Coercion map:
+              From: Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 2 vertices over Finite Field of size 3
+              To:   Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 2 vertices over Finite Field of size 3
+            sage: A1.coerce_map_from(ZZ) # indirect doctest
+            Composite map:
+                  From: Integer Ring
+                  To:   Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 2 vertices over Finite Field of size 3
+                  Defn:   Natural morphism:
+                          From: Integer Ring
+                          To:   Finite Field of size 3
+                        then
+                          Generic morphism:
+                          From: Finite Field of size 3
+                          To:   Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 2 vertices over Finite Field of size 3
+            sage: A1.coerce_map_from(QQ) # indirect doctest
+            sage: A1.coerce_map_from(ZZ)
+            Composite map:
+              From: Integer Ring
+              To:   Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 2 vertices over Finite Field of size 3
+              Defn:   Natural morphism:
+                      From: Integer Ring
+                      To:   Finite Field of size 3
+                    then
+                      Generic morphism:
+                      From: Finite Field of size 3
+                      To:   Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 2 vertices over Finite Field of size 3
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: A2.coerce_map_from(P1)
+            Coercion map:
+              From: Partial semigroup formed by the directed paths of Multi-digraph on 2 vertices
+              To:   Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 2 vertices over Finite Field of size 3
+            sage: a = P1(P1.arrows()[0]); a
+            a
+            sage: A2.one() * a == a     # indirect doctest
+            True
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: A = DiGraph({2:{3:['b']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(ZZ)
+            sage: B = DiGraph({0:{1:['a']}, 1:{2:['c']}, 2:{3:['b']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(GF(5))
+            sage: x = A('b') + 1 # indirect doctest
+            sage: x
+            e_2 + b + e_3
+            sage: B(2)
+            2*e_0 + 2*e_1 + 2*e_2 + 2*e_3
+            sage: B(2)*x*B(3)  # indirect doctest
+            e_2 + b + e_3
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, PathAlgebra) and self._base.has_coerce_map_from(other._base):
+            OQ = other._quiver
+            SQ = self._quiver
+            SQE = self._semigroup._sorted_edges
+            if all(v in SQ for v in OQ.vertex_iterator()) and all(e in SQE for e in other._semigroup._sorted_edges):
+                return True
+        if self._semigroup.has_coerce_map_from(other):
+            return True
+        return self._base.has_coerce_map_from(other)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        Default string representation.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}, 2:{3:['b']}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: P.algebra(RR) # indirect doctest
+            Path algebra of Multi-digraph on 3 vertices over Real Field with 53 bits of precision
+        """
+        return "Path algebra of {0} over {1}".format(self._quiver, self._base)
+
+    # String representation of a monomial
+    def _repr_monomial(self, data):
+        """
+        String representation of a monomial.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``data`` -- list providing the indices of the path algebra
+          generators occurring in the monomial
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A = DiGraph({0:{1:['a'], 2:['b']}, 1:{0:['c'], 1:['d']}, 2:{0:['e'],2:['f']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(ZZ.quo(15))
+            sage: X = sage_eval('a+2*b+3*c+5*e_0+3*e_2', A.gens_dict())
+            sage: X         # indirect doctest
+            5*e_0 + a + 2*b + 3*c + 3*e_2
+        """
+        # m is [list, pos, mid], where the list gives the nb of arrows, pos
+        # gives the component in the module, and mid gives the length of the
+        # left factor in a two-sided module.
+        arrows = self.variable_names()
+        return '*'.join(arrows[n] for n in data)
+
+    def _latex_monomial(self, data):
+        """
+        Latex string representation of a monomial.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``data`` -- list providing the indices of the path algebra
+          generators occurring in the monomial
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A = DiGraph({0:{1:['a'], 2:['b']}, 1:{0:['c'], 1:['d']}, 2:{0:['e'],2:['f']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(ZZ.quo(15))
+            sage: X = sage_eval('a+2*b+3*c+5*e_0+3*e_2', A.gens_dict())
+            sage: latex(X)  # indirect doctest
+            5 e_0 + a + 2 b + 3 c + 3 e_2
+        """
+        arrows = self.variable_names()
+        return '\\cdot '.join(arrows[n] for n in data)
+
+    @cached_method
+    def one(self):
+        """
+        Return the multiplicative identity element.
+
+        The multiplicative identity of a path algebra is the sum of the basis
+        elements corresponding to the trivial paths at each vertex.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A = DiGraph({1:{2:['a']}, 2:{3:['b']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(QQ)
+            sage: A.one()
+            e_1 + e_2 + e_3
+        """
+        one = self.base_ring().one()
+        D = {index: one for index in self._semigroup.idempotents()}
+        return self._from_dict(D)
+
+    ###########################################################################
+    #                                                                         #
+    # DATA FUNCTIONS                                                          #
+    #    These functions return data and subspaces of the path algebra.       #
+    #                                                                         #
+    ###########################################################################
+
+    def quiver(self):
+        """
+        Return the quiver from which the algebra ``self`` was formed.
+
+        OUTPUT: :class:`DiGraph`; the quiver of the algebra
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a', 'b']}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = P.algebra(GF(3))
+            sage: A.quiver() is P.quiver()
+            True
+        """
+        return self._quiver
+
+    def semigroup(self):
+        """
+        Return the (partial) semigroup from which the algebra ``self`` was
+        constructed.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            The partial semigroup is formed by the paths of a quiver,
+            multiplied by concatenation. If the quiver has more than a single
+            vertex, then multiplication in the path semigroup is not always
+            defined.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - the path semigroup from which ``self`` was formed (a partial
+          semigroup)
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a', 'b']}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = P.algebra(GF(3))
+            sage: A.semigroup() is P
+            True
+        """
+        return self._semigroup
+
+    def degree_on_basis(self, x):
+        """
+        Return ``x.degree()``.
+
+        This function is here to make some methods work that are inherited
+        from :class:`~sage.combinat.free_module.CombinatorialFreeModule`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A = DiGraph({0:{1:['a'], 2:['b']}, 1:{0:['c'], 1:['d']}, 2:{0:['e'],2:['f']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(ZZ)
+            sage: A.inject_variables()
+            Defining e_0, e_1, e_2, a, b, c, d, e, f
+            sage: X = a+2*b+3*c*e-a*d+5*e_0+3*e_2
+            sage: X
+            5*e_0 + a - a*d + 2*b + 3*e_2
+            sage: X.homogeneous_component(0)   # indirect doctest
+            5*e_0 + 3*e_2
+            sage: X.homogeneous_component(1)
+            a + 2*b
+            sage: X.homogeneous_component(2)
+            -a*d
+            sage: X.homogeneous_component(3)
+            0
+        """
+        return x.degree()
+
+    def sum(self, iter_of_elements):
+        """
+        Return the sum of all elements in ``iter_of_elements``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``iter_of_elements`` -- iterator of elements of ``self``
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            It overrides a method inherited from
+            :class:`~sage.combinat.free_module.CombinatorialFreeModule`,
+            which relies on a private attribute of elements---an
+            implementation detail that is simply not available for
+            :class:`~sage.quivers.algebra_elements.PathAlgebraElement`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A = DiGraph({0:{1:['a'], 2:['b']}, 1:{0:['c'], 1:['d']}, 2:{0:['e'],2:['f']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(ZZ)
+            sage: A.inject_variables()
+            Defining e_0, e_1, e_2, a, b, c, d, e, f
+            sage: A.sum((a, 2*b, 3*c*e, -a*d, 5*e_0, 3*e_2))
+            5*e_0 + a - a*d + 2*b + 3*e_2
+        """
+        return sum(iter_of_elements, self.zero())
+
+    def linear_combination(self, iter_of_elements_coeff, factor_on_left=True):
+        r"""
+        Return the linear combination `\lambda_1 v_1 + \cdots +
+        \lambda_k v_k` (resp.  the linear combination `v_1 \lambda_1 +
+        \cdots + v_k \lambda_k`) where ``iter_of_elements_coeff`` iterates
+        through the sequence `((v_1, \lambda_1), ..., (v_k, \lambda_k))`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``iter_of_elements_coeff`` -- iterator of pairs ``(element, coeff)``
+          with ``element`` in ``self`` and ``coeff`` in ``self.base_ring()``
+
+        - ``factor_on_left`` -- (optional) if ``True``, the coefficients are
+          multiplied from the left if ``False``, the coefficients are
+          multiplied from the right
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            It overrides a method inherited from
+            :class:`~sage.combinat.free_module.CombinatorialFreeModule`,
+            which relies on a private attribute of elements---an
+            implementation detail that is simply not available for
+            :class:`~sage.quivers.algebra_elements.PathAlgebraElement`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A = DiGraph({0: {1: ['a'], 2: ['b']},
+            ....:              1: {0: ['c'], 1: ['d']},
+            ....:              2: {0: ['e'], 2: ['f']}}).path_semigroup().algebra(ZZ)
+            sage: A.inject_variables()
+            Defining e_0, e_1, e_2, a, b, c, d, e, f
+            sage: A.linear_combination([(a, 1), (b, 2), (c*e, 3),
+            ....:                       (a*d, -1), (e_0, 5), (e_2, 3)])
+            5*e_0 + a - a*d + 2*b + 3*e_2
+        """
+        if factor_on_left:
+            return self.sum(coeff * element
+                            for element, coeff in iter_of_elements_coeff)
+        else:
+            return self.sum(element * coeff
+                            for element, coeff in iter_of_elements_coeff)
+
+    def homogeneous_component(self, n):
+        """
+        Return the `n`-th homogeneous piece of the path algebra.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- integer
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - :class:`CombinatorialFreeModule`, module spanned by the paths
+          of length `n` in the quiver
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = DiGraph({1:{2:['a'], 3:['b']}, 2:{4:['c']}, 3:{4:['d']}}).path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = P.algebra(GF(7))
+            sage: A.homogeneous_component(2)
+            Free module spanned by [a*c, b*d] over Finite Field of size 7
+
+            sage: D = DiGraph({1: {2: 'a'}, 2: {3: 'b'}, 3: {1: 'c'}})
+            sage: P = D.path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = P.algebra(ZZ)
+            sage: A.homogeneous_component(3)
+            Free module spanned by [a*b*c, b*c*a, c*a*b] over Integer Ring
+        """
+        basis = []
+        for v in self._semigroup._quiver:
+            basis.extend(self._semigroup.iter_paths_by_length_and_startpoint(n, v))
+        M = CombinatorialFreeModule(self._base, basis, prefix='', bracket=False)
+        M._name = "Free module spanned by {0}".format(basis)
+        return M
+
+    __getitem__ = homogeneous_component
+
+    def homogeneous_components(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the nonzero homogeneous components of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Q = DiGraph([[1,2,'a'],[2,3,'b'],[3,4,'c']])
+            sage: PQ = Q.path_semigroup()
+            sage: A = PQ.algebra(GF(7))
+            sage: A.homogeneous_components()
+            [Free module spanned by [e_1, e_2, e_3, e_4] over Finite Field of size 7,
+             Free module spanned by [a, b, c] over Finite Field of size 7,
+             Free module spanned by [a*b, b*c] over Finite Field of size 7,
+             Free module spanned by [a*b*c] over Finite Field of size 7]
+
+        .. WARNING::
+
+             Backward incompatible change: since :issue:`12630` and
+             until :issue:`8678`, this feature was implemented under
+             the syntax ``list(A)`` by means of ``A.__iter__``. This
+             was incorrect since ``A.__iter__``, when defined for a
+             parent, should iterate through the elements of `A`.
+        """
+        result = []
+        i = 0
+        while True:
+            c = self.homogeneous_component(i)
+            if not c.dimension():
+                break
+            result.append(c)
+            i += 1
+        return result