passagemath-categories 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/schemes/product_projective/subscheme.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-categories
+r"""
+Subschemes of products of projective spaces
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Ben Hutz (2014): subschemes of Cartesian products of projective space
+"""
+
+#*****************************************************************************
+# Copyright (C) 2014 Ben Hutz <bn4941@gmail.com>
+#
+# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+# http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.misc.misc_c import prod
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+from sage.rings.fraction_field import FractionField
+from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring_constructor import PolynomialRing
+from sage.schemes.affine.affine_space import AffineSpace
+from sage.schemes.projective.projective_subscheme import AlgebraicScheme_subscheme_projective
+from sage.schemes.projective.projective_space import ProjectiveSpace
+
+
+class AlgebraicScheme_subscheme_product_projective(AlgebraicScheme_subscheme_projective):
+    r"""
+    Construct an algebraic subscheme of a product of projective spaces.
+
+    .. WARNING::
+
+        You should not create objects of this class directly. The
+        preferred method to construct such subschemes is to use
+        :meth:`~sage.schemes.product_projective.subscheme`
+        method of :class:`Product of Projective Spaces
+        <sage.schemes.product_projective.space.ProductProjectiveSpaces_ring>`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``A`` -- ambient :class:`Product of Projective Spaces
+      <sage.schemes.product_projective.space.ProductProjectiveSpaces_ring>`
+
+    - ``polynomials`` -- single polynomial, ideal or iterable of
+      defining multi-homogeneous polynomials
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: P.<x, y, u, v> = ProductProjectiveSpaces([1, 1], QQ)
+        sage: P.subscheme([u*x^2 - v*y*x])
+        Closed subscheme of Product of projective spaces P^1 x P^1 over Rational Field
+         defined by:
+          x^2*u - x*y*v
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.product_projective.subscheme \
+        ....: import AlgebraicScheme_subscheme_product_projective
+        sage: AlgebraicScheme_subscheme_product_projective(P, [u*x^2 - v*y*x])
+        Closed subscheme of Product of projective spaces P^1 x P^1
+         over Rational Field defined by:
+          x^2*u - x*y*v
+    """
+
+    @cached_method
+    def segre_embedding(self, PP=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the Segre embedding of this subscheme into the appropriate projective
+        space.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``PP`` -- (default: ``None``) ambient image projective space;
+          this is constructed if it is not given
+
+        OUTPUT: hom from this subscheme to the appropriate subscheme of projective space
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X.<x,y,z,w,u,v> = ProductProjectiveSpaces([2, 2], QQ)
+            sage: P = ProjectiveSpace(QQ, 8, 't')
+            sage: L = (-w - v)*x + (-w*y - u*z)
+            sage: Q = ((-u*w - v^2)*x^2 + ((-w^2 - u*w + (-u*v - u^2))*y + (-w^2 - u*v)*z)*x
+            ....:      + ((-w^2 - u*w - u^2)*y^2 + (-u*w - v^2)*z*y + (-w^2 + (-v - u)*w)*z^2))
+            sage: W = X.subscheme([L,Q])
+            sage: phi = W.segre_embedding(P)                                            # needs sage.libs.singular
+            sage: phi.codomain().ambient_space() == P                                   # needs sage.libs.singular
+            True
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PP.<x,y,u,v,s,t> = ProductProjectiveSpaces([1, 1, 1], CC)             # needs sage.rings.real_mpfr
+            sage: PP.subscheme([]).segre_embedding()                                    # needs sage.libs.singular sage.rings.real_mpfr
+            Scheme morphism:
+              From: Closed subscheme of Product of projective spaces P^1 x P^1 x P^1
+                    over Complex Field with 53 bits of precision defined by:
+                      (no polynomials)
+              To:   Closed subscheme of Projective Space of dimension 7
+                    over Complex Field with 53 bits of precision defined by:
+                      -u5*u6 + u4*u7,       -u3*u6 + u2*u7,       -u3*u4 + u2*u5,
+                      -u3*u5 + u1*u7,       -u3*u4 + u1*u6,       -u3*u4 + u0*u7,
+                      -u2*u4 + u0*u6,       -u1*u4 + u0*u5,       -u1*u2 + u0*u3
+              Defn: Defined by sending (x : y , u : v , s : t) to
+                    (x*u*s : x*u*t : x*v*s : x*v*t : y*u*s : y*u*t : y*v*s : y*v*t).
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PP.<x,y,z,u,v,s,t> = ProductProjectiveSpaces([2, 1, 1], ZZ)
+            sage: PP.subscheme([x^3, u - v, s^2 - t^2]).segre_embedding()               # needs sage.libs.singular
+            Scheme morphism:
+              From: Closed subscheme of Product of projective spaces P^2 x P^1 x P^1
+                    over Integer Ring defined by:
+                      x^3,                  u - v,                s^2 - t^2
+              To:   Closed subscheme of Projective Space of dimension 11
+                    over Integer Ring defined by:
+                      u10^2 - u11^2,        u9 - u11,             u8 - u10,
+                      -u7*u10 + u6*u11,     u6*u10 - u7*u11,      u6^2 - u7^2,
+                      u5 - u7,              u4 - u6,              u3^3,
+                      -u3*u10 + u2*u11,     u2*u10 - u3*u11,      -u3*u6 + u2*u7,
+                      u2*u6 - u3*u7,        u2*u3^2,              u2^2 - u3^2,
+                      u1 - u3,              u0 - u2
+              Defn: Defined by sending (x : y : z , u : v , s : t) to
+                    (x*u*s : x*u*t : x*v*s : x*v*t : y*u*s : y*u*t : y*v*s : y*v*t
+                     : z*u*s : z*u*t : z*v*s : z*v*t).
+        """
+        AS = self.ambient_space()
+        CR = AS.coordinate_ring()
+        N = AS.dimension_relative_components()
+        M = prod([n+1 for n in N]) - 1
+
+        vars = list(AS.coordinate_ring().variable_names()) + ['u' + str(i) for i in range(M+1)]
+        R = PolynomialRing(AS.base_ring(), AS.ngens()+M+1, vars, order='lex')
+
+        #set-up the elimination for the segre embedding
+        mapping = []
+        k = AS.ngens()
+        index = AS.num_components()*[0]
+        for count in range(M + 1):
+            mapping.append(R.gen(k+count)-prod([CR(AS[i].gen(index[i])) for i in range(len(index))]))
+            for i in range(len(index)-1, -1, -1):
+                if index[i] == N[i]:
+                    index[i] = 0
+                else:
+                    index[i] += 1
+                    break #only increment once
+
+        #change the defining ideal of the subscheme into the variables
+        I = R.ideal(list(self.defining_polynomials()) + mapping)
+        J = I.groebner_basis()
+        s = set(R.gens()[:AS.ngens()])
+        n = len(J)-1
+        L = []
+        while s.isdisjoint(J[n].variables()):
+            L.append(J[n])
+            n = n-1
+
+        #create new subscheme
+        if PP is None:
+            PS = ProjectiveSpace(self.base_ring(), M, R.gens()[AS.ngens():])
+            Y = PS.subscheme(L)
+        else:
+            if PP.dimension_relative() != M:
+                raise ValueError("projective space %s must be dimension %s") % (PP, M)
+            S = PP.coordinate_ring()
+            psi = R.hom([0]*k + list(S.gens()), S)
+            L = [psi(l) for l in L]
+            Y = PP.subscheme(L)
+
+        #create embedding for points
+        mapping = []
+        index = AS.num_components()*[0]
+        for count in range(M + 1):
+            mapping.append(prod([CR(AS[i].gen(index[i])) for i in range(len(index))]))
+            for i in range(len(index)-1, -1, -1):
+                if index[i] == N[i]:
+                    index[i] = 0
+                else:
+                    index[i] += 1
+                    break #only increment once
+        phi = self.hom(mapping, Y)
+
+        return phi
+
+    def dimension(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the dimension of the algebraic subscheme.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X.<x,y,z,w,u,v> = ProductProjectiveSpaces([2, 2], QQ)
+            sage: L = (-w - v)*x + (-w*y - u*z)
+            sage: Q = ((-u*w - v^2)*x^2 + ((-w^2 - u*w + (-u*v - u^2))*y + (-w^2 - u*v)*z)*x
+            ....:      + ((-w^2 - u*w - u^2)*y^2 + (-u*w - v^2)*z*y + (-w^2 + (-v - u)*w)*z^2))
+            sage: W = X.subscheme([L, Q])
+            sage: W.dimension()                                                         # needs sage.libs.singular
+            2
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PP.<x,y,z,u,v,s,t> = ProductProjectiveSpaces([2, 1, 1], QQ)
+            sage: X = PP.subscheme([x^3, x^5 + y^5, z^6, x*u - v*y, s^2 - t^2])
+            sage: X.dimension()                                                         # needs sage.libs.singular
+            -1
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PP = ProductProjectiveSpaces([2, 1, 3], CC, 't')                      # needs sage.rings.real_mpfr
+            sage: PP.subscheme([]).dimension()                                          # needs sage.libs.singular sage.rings.real_mpfr
+            6
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PP = ProductProjectiveSpaces([1, 3, 1], ZZ, 't')
+            sage: PP.subscheme([]).dimension()                                          # needs sage.libs.singular
+            5
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PP.<x,y,u,v,s,t> = ProductProjectiveSpaces([1,1,1], CC)               # needs sage.rings.real_mpfr
+            sage: X = PP.subscheme([x^2 - y^2, u - v, s^2 - t^2])                       # needs sage.libs.singular sage.rings.real_mpfr
+            sage: X.dimension()                                                         # needs sage.libs.singular sage.rings.real_mpfr
+            0
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__dimension
+        except AttributeError:
+            try:
+                #move to field to compute radical
+                X = self.change_ring(FractionField(self.base_ring()))
+                PP = X.ambient_space()
+                I = X.defining_ideal().radical()
+                #check if the irrelevant ideal of any component is in the radical
+                if any(all(t in I for t in PS.gens())
+                       for PS in PP.components()):
+                    self.__dimension = -1
+                else:
+                    self.__dimension = I.dimension() - PP.num_components()
+            except TypeError:  #cannot compute radical for this base ring
+                phi = self.segre_embedding()
+                self.__dimension = phi.codomain().defining_ideal().dimension() - 1
+            return self.__dimension
+
+    def is_smooth(self, point=None):
+        r"""
+        Test whether the algebraic subscheme is smooth.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X.<x,y,z,w,u,v> = ProductProjectiveSpaces([2, 2],QQ)
+            sage: L = (-w - v)*x + (-w*y - u*z)
+            sage: Q = ((-u*w - v^2)*x^2 + ((-w^2 - u*w + (-u*v - u^2))*y + (-w^2 - u*v)*z)*x
+            ....:      + ((-w^2 - u*w - u^2)*y^2 + (-u*w - v^2)*z*y + (-w^2 + (-v - u)*w)*z^2))
+            sage: W = X.subscheme([L, Q])
+            sage: W.is_smooth()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            NotImplementedError: Not Implemented
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Not Implemented")
+
+    def affine_patch(self, I, return_embedding=False):
+        r"""
+        Return the `I`-th affine patch of this projective scheme
+        where `I` is a multi-index.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``I`` -- list or tuple of positive integers
+
+        - ``return_embedding`` -- boolean; if ``True`` the projective embedding
+          is also returned
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - An affine algebraic scheme
+
+        - An embedding into a product of projective space (optional)
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: PP.<x,y,z,w,u,v> = ProductProjectiveSpaces([3, 1],QQ)
+            sage: W = PP.subscheme([y^2*z - x^3, z^2 - w^2, u^3 - v^3])
+            sage: W.affine_patch([0, 1], True)
+            (Closed subscheme of Affine Space of dimension 4 over Rational Field defined by:
+              x0^2*x1 - 1,
+              x1^2 - x2^2,
+              x3^3 - 1,
+             Scheme morphism:
+              From: Closed subscheme of Affine Space of dimension 4
+                    over Rational Field defined by: x0^2*x1 - 1, x1^2 - x2^2, x3^3 - 1
+              To:   Closed subscheme of Product of projective spaces P^3 x P^1
+                    over Rational Field defined by: -x^3 + y^2*z, z^2 - w^2, u^3 - v^3
+              Defn: Defined on coordinates by sending (x0, x1, x2, x3) to
+                    (1 : x0 : x1 : x2 , x3 : 1))
+        """
+        if not isinstance(I, (list, tuple)):
+            raise TypeError('The argument I=%s must be a list or tuple of positive integers' % I)
+        PP = self.ambient_space()
+        N = PP.dimension_relative_components()
+        if len(I) != len(N):
+            raise ValueError('The argument I=%s must have %s entries' % (I,len(N)))
+        I = tuple([int(i) for i in I])   # implicit type checking
+        for i in range(len(I)):
+            if I[i] < 0 or I[i] > N[i]:
+                raise ValueError("Argument i (= %s) must be between 0 and %s." % (I[i], N[i]))
+        #see if we've already created this affine patch
+        try:
+            if return_embedding:
+                return self.__affine_patches[I]
+            else:
+                return self.__affine_patches[I][0]
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.__affine_patches = {}
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        AA = AffineSpace(PP.base_ring(),sum(N),'x')
+        v = list(AA.gens())
+        # create the projective embedding
+        index = 0
+        for i in range(len(I)):
+            v.insert(index+I[i],1)
+            index += N[i]+1
+        phi = AA.hom(v,self)
+        #find the image of the subscheme
+        polys = self.defining_polynomials()
+        xi = phi.defining_polynomials()
+        U = AA.subscheme([ f(xi) for f in polys ])
+        phi = U.hom(v,self)
+        self.__affine_patches.update({I:(U,phi)})
+        if return_embedding:
+            return U,phi
+        else:
+            return U
+
+    def intersection_multiplicity(self, X, P):
+        r"""
+        Return the intersection multiplicity of this subscheme and the
+        subscheme ``X`` at the point ``P``.
+
+        This uses the intersection_multiplicity function for affine subschemes
+        on affine patches of this subscheme and ``X`` that contain ``P``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``X`` -- subscheme in the same ambient space as this subscheme
+
+        - ``P`` -- a point in the intersection of this subscheme with ``X``
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Multiplicity of a fixed point of the map `z^2 + \frac{1}{4}`::
+
+            sage: PP.<x,y,u,v> = ProductProjectiveSpaces(QQ, [1, 1])
+            sage: G = PP.subscheme([(x^2 + 1/4*y^2)*v - y^2*u])
+            sage: D = PP.subscheme([x*v - y*u])
+            sage: sorted(G.intersection(D).rational_points())                           # needs sage.libs.singular
+            [(1/2 : 1 , 1/2 : 1), (1 : 0 , 1 : 0)]
+            sage: Q = PP([1/2,1,1/2,1])
+            sage: G.intersection_multiplicity(D, Q)                                     # needs sage.libs.singular
+            2
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: F.<a> = GF(4)
+            sage: PP.<x,y,z,u,v,w> = ProductProjectiveSpaces(F, [2, 2])
+            sage: X = PP.subscheme([z^5 + 3*x*y^4 + 8*y^5, u^2 - v^2])
+            sage: Y = PP.subscheme([x^6 + z^6, w*z - v*y])
+            sage: Q = PP([a,a+1,1,a,a,1])
+            sage: X.intersection_multiplicity(Y, Q)                                     # needs sage.libs.singular
+            16
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PP.<x,y,z,u,v,w> = ProductProjectiveSpaces(QQ, [2, 2])
+            sage: X = PP.subscheme([x^2*u^3 + y*z*u*v^2, x - y])
+            sage: Y = PP.subscheme([u^3 - w^3, x*v - y*w, z^3*w^2 - y^3*u*v])
+            sage: Q = PP([0,0,1,0,1,0])
+            sage: X.intersection_multiplicity(Y, Q)                                     # needs sage.libs.singular
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            TypeError: the intersection of this subscheme and (=Closed subscheme of Affine Space of dimension 4
+            over Rational Field defined by: x2^3 - x3^3, -x1*x3 + x0, -x1^3*x2 + x3^2) must be proper and finite
+        """
+        PP = self.ambient_space()
+        try:
+            PP(P)
+        except TypeError:
+            raise TypeError("(=%s) must be a point in the ambient space of this subscheme and (=%s)" % (P,X))
+        # find an affine chart of the ambient space of this subscheme that contains P
+        indices = []
+        aff_pt = []
+        for i in range(PP.num_components()):
+            Q = P[i]
+            j = 0
+            while Q[j] == 0:
+                j = j + 1
+            indices.append(j)
+            T = list(Q)
+            t = T.pop(j)
+            aff_pt.extend([1/t*T[k] for k in range(PP.components()[i].dimension_relative())])
+        X1 = self.affine_patch(indices)
+        X2 = X.affine_patch(indices)
+        return X1.intersection_multiplicity(X2, X1.ambient_space()(aff_pt))
+
+    def multiplicity(self, P):
+        r"""
+        Return the multiplicity of ``P`` on this subscheme.
+
+        This is computed as the multiplicity of the corresponding point on an affine patch of this subscheme
+        that contains ``P``. This subscheme must be defined over a field. An error is returned if ``P``
+        not a point on this subscheme.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``P`` -- a point on this subscheme
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: PP.<x,y,z,w> = ProductProjectiveSpaces(QQ, [1, 1])
+            sage: X = PP.subscheme([x^4*z^3 - y^4*w^3])
+            sage: Q1 = PP([1,1,1,1])
+            sage: X.multiplicity(Q1)                                                    # needs sage.libs.singular
+            1
+            sage: Q2 = PP([0,1,1,0])
+            sage: X.multiplicity(Q2)                                                    # needs sage.libs.singular
+            3
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PP.<x,y,z,w,u> = ProductProjectiveSpaces(GF(11), [1,2])
+            sage: X = PP.subscheme([x^7*u - y^7*z, u^6*x^2 - w^3*z^3*x*y - w^6*y^2])
+            sage: Q1 = PP([1,0,10,1,0])
+            sage: X.multiplicity(Q1)                                                    # needs sage.libs.singular sage.rings.finite_rings
+            1
+            sage: Q2 = PP([1,0,1,0,0])
+            sage: X.multiplicity(Q2)                                                    # needs sage.libs.singular sage.rings.finite_rings
+            4
+        """
+        PP = self.ambient_space()
+        try:
+            PP(P)
+        except TypeError:
+            raise TypeError("(={}) must be a point in the ambient space of this "
+                            "subscheme and (={})".format(P, self))
+        # find an affine chart of the ambient space of this subscheme that contains P
+        indices = []
+        aff_pt = []
+        for i in range(PP.num_components()):
+            Q = P[i]
+            j = 0
+            while Q[j] == 0:
+                j = j + 1
+            indices.append(j)
+            T = list(Q)
+            t = T.pop(j)
+            aff_pt.extend([1/t*T[k] for k in range(PP.components()[i].dimension_relative())])
+        X = self.affine_patch(indices)
+        return X.multiplicity(X.ambient_space()(aff_pt))

sage/schemes/projective/all.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-categories
+"""nodoctest
+all.py -- export of projective schemes to Sage
+"""
+
+# *****************************************************************************
+#
+#   Sage: Open Source Mathematical Software
+#
+#       Copyright (C) 2005 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+#    General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  The full text of the GPL is available at:
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# *****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.schemes.projective.projective_space import ProjectiveSpace, is_ProjectiveSpace