passagemath-categories 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/rings/function_field/ideal_rational.py

@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-categories
+r"""
+Ideals of function fields: rational
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2010      William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#                     2011      Maarten Derickx <m.derickx.student@gmail.com>
+#                     2017-2021 Kwankyu Lee
+#                     2018      Frédéric Chapoton
+#                     2019      Brent Baccala
+#                     2021      Jonathan Kliem
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+from sage.structure.richcmp import richcmp
+from sage.rings.infinity import infinity
+
+from .ideal import FunctionFieldIdeal, FunctionFieldIdealInfinite
+
+
+class FunctionFieldIdeal_rational(FunctionFieldIdeal):
+    """
+    Fractional ideals of the maximal order of a rational function field.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``ring`` -- the maximal order of the rational function field
+
+    - ``gen`` -- generator of the ideal, an element of the function field
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+        sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+        sage: I = O.ideal(1/(x^2+x)); I
+        Ideal (1/(x^2 + x)) of Maximal order of Rational function field in x over Rational Field
+    """
+    def __init__(self, ring, gen):
+        """
+        Initialize.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(1/(x^2+x))
+            sage: TestSuite(I).run()
+        """
+        FunctionFieldIdeal.__init__(self, ring)
+        self._gen = gen
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Return the hash computed from the data.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(1/(x^2+x))
+            sage: d = { I: 1, I^2: 2 }
+        """
+        return hash( (self._ring, self._gen) )
+
+    def __contains__(self, element):
+        """
+        Test if ``element`` is in this ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``element`` -- element of the function field
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(1/(x+1))
+            sage: x in I
+            True
+        """
+        return (element / self._gen) in self._ring
+
+    def _richcmp_(self, other, op):
+        """
+        Compare the element with the other element with respect
+        to the comparison operator.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- element
+
+        - ``op`` -- comparison operator
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x, x^2 + 1)
+            sage: J = O.ideal(x^2 + x + 1, x)
+            sage: I == J
+            True
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x)
+            sage: J = O.ideal(x + 1)
+            sage: I < J
+            True
+        """
+        return richcmp(self._gen, other._gen, op)
+
+    def _add_(self, other):
+        """
+        Add this ideal with the ``other`` ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- ideal
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x, x^2 + 1)
+            sage: J = O.ideal(x^2 + x + 1, x)
+            sage: I + J == J + I
+            True
+        """
+        return self._ring.ideal([self._gen, other._gen])
+
+    def _mul_(self, other):
+        """
+        Multiply this ideal with the ``other`` ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- ideal
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x, x^2 + x)
+            sage: J = O.ideal(x^2, x)
+            sage: I * J == J * I
+            True
+        """
+        return self._ring.ideal([self._gen * other._gen])
+
+    def _acted_upon_(self, other, on_left):
+        """
+        Multiply ``other`` with this ideal on the right.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- ideal
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x^3 + x^2)
+            sage: 2 * I
+            Ideal (x^3 + x^2) of Maximal order of Rational function field in x over Rational Field
+            sage: x * I
+            Ideal (x^4 + x^3) of Maximal order of Rational function field in x over Rational Field
+        """
+        return self._ring.ideal([other * self._gen])
+
+    def __invert__(self):
+        """
+        Return the ideal inverse of this fractional ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = F.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x/(x^2+1))
+            sage: ~I
+            Ideal ((x^2 + 1)/x) of Maximal order of Rational function field
+            in x over Rational Field
+        """
+        return self._ring.ideal([~(self._gen)])
+
+    def denominator(self):
+        """
+        Return the denominator of this fractional ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = F.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x/(x^2+1))
+            sage: I.denominator()
+            x^2 + 1
+        """
+        return self._gen.denominator()
+
+    def is_prime(self):
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if this is a prime ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x^3 + x^2)
+            sage: [f.is_prime() for f,m in I.factor()]                                  # needs sage.libs.pari
+            [True, True]
+        """
+        return self._gen.denominator() == 1 and self._gen.numerator().is_prime()
+
+    @cached_method
+    def module(self):
+        """
+        Return the module, that is the ideal viewed as a module over the ring.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x^3 + x^2)
+            sage: I.module()                                                                                            # needs sage.modules
+            Free module of degree 1 and rank 1 over Maximal order of Rational
+            function field in x over Rational Field
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [x^3 + x^2]
+            sage: J = 0*I
+            sage: J.module()                                                                                            # needs sage.modules
+            Free module of degree 1 and rank 0 over Maximal order of Rational
+            function field in x over Rational Field
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            []
+        """
+        V, fr, to = self.ring().fraction_field().vector_space()
+        return V.span([to(g) for g in self.gens()], base_ring=self.ring())
+
+    def gen(self):
+        """
+        Return the unique generator of this ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4))
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x^2 + x)
+            sage: I.gen()
+            x^2 + x
+        """
+        return self._gen
+
+    def gens(self) -> tuple:
+        """
+        Return the tuple of the unique generator of this ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4))
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x^2 + x)
+            sage: I.gens()
+            (x^2 + x,)
+        """
+        return (self._gen,)
+
+    def gens_over_base(self) -> tuple:
+        """
+        Return the generator of this ideal as a rank one module over the maximal
+        order.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4))
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x^2 + x)
+            sage: I.gens_over_base()
+            (x^2 + x,)
+        """
+        return (self._gen,)
+
+    def valuation(self, ideal):
+        """
+        Return the valuation of the ideal at this prime ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``ideal`` -- fractional ideal
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = F.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x^2*(x^2+x+1)^3)
+            sage: [f.valuation(I) for f,_ in I.factor()]                                # needs sage.libs.pari
+            [2, 3]
+        """
+        if not self.is_prime():
+            raise TypeError("not a prime ideal")
+
+        O = self.ring()
+        d = ideal.denominator()
+        return self._valuation(d*ideal) - self._valuation(O.ideal(d))
+
+    def _valuation(self, ideal):
+        """
+        Return the valuation of the integral ideal at this prime ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``ideal`` -- ideal
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = F.maximal_order()
+            sage: p = O.ideal(x)
+            sage: p.valuation(O.ideal(x + 1))  # indirect doctest                       # needs sage.libs.pari
+            0
+            sage: p.valuation(O.ideal(x^2))  # indirect doctest                         # needs sage.libs.pari
+            2
+            sage: p.valuation(O.ideal(1/x^3))  # indirect doctest                       # needs sage.libs.pari
+            -3
+            sage: p.valuation(O.ideal(0))  # indirect doctest                           # needs sage.libs.pari
+            +Infinity
+        """
+        return ideal.gen().valuation(self.gen())
+
+    def _factor(self):
+        """
+        Return the list of prime and multiplicity pairs of the
+        factorization of this ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4))
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(x^3*(x+1)^2)
+            sage: I.factor()  # indirect doctest
+            (Ideal (x) of Maximal order of Rational function field in x
+            over Finite Field in z2 of size 2^2)^3 *
+            (Ideal (x + 1) of Maximal order of Rational function field in x
+            over Finite Field in z2 of size 2^2)^2
+        """
+        return [(self.ring().ideal(f), m) for f, m in self._gen.factor()]
+
+
+class FunctionFieldIdealInfinite_rational(FunctionFieldIdealInfinite):
+    """
+    Fractional ideal of the maximal order of rational function field.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``ring`` -- infinite maximal order
+
+    - ``gen`` -- generator
+
+    Note that the infinite maximal order is a principal ideal domain.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+        sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+        sage: Oinf.ideal(x)
+        Ideal (x) of Maximal infinite order of Rational function field in x over Finite Field of size 2
+    """
+    def __init__(self, ring, gen):
+        """
+        Initialize.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal(x)
+            sage: TestSuite(I).run()
+        """
+        FunctionFieldIdealInfinite.__init__(self, ring)
+        self._gen = gen
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Return the hash of this fractional ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal(x)
+            sage: J = Oinf.ideal(1/x)
+            sage: d = { I: 1, J: 2 }
+        """
+        return hash( (self.ring(), self._gen) )
+
+    def __contains__(self, element):
+        """
+        Test if ``element`` is in this ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``element`` -- element of the function field
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = O.ideal(1/(x+1))
+            sage: x in I
+            False
+            sage: 1/x in I
+            True
+            sage: x/(x+1) in I
+            False
+            sage: 1/(x*(x+1)) in I
+            True
+        """
+        return (element / self._gen) in self._ring
+
+    def _richcmp_(self, other, op):
+        """
+        Compare this ideal and ``other`` with respect to ``op``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal(x + 1)
+            sage: J = Oinf.ideal(x^2 + x)
+            sage: I + J == J
+            True
+        """
+        return richcmp(self._gen, other._gen, op)
+
+    def _add_(self, other):
+        """
+        Add this ideal with the other ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- ideal
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal(x/(x^2+1))
+            sage: J = Oinf.ideal(1/(x+1))
+            sage: I + J
+            Ideal (1/x) of Maximal infinite order of Rational function field
+            in x over Finite Field of size 2
+        """
+        return self._ring.ideal([self._gen, other._gen])
+
+    def _mul_(self, other):
+        """
+        Multiply this ideal with the ``other`` ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- ideal
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal(x/(x^2+1))
+            sage: J = Oinf.ideal(1/(x+1))
+            sage: I * J
+            Ideal (1/x^2) of Maximal infinite order of Rational function field
+            in x over Finite Field of size 2
+        """
+        return self._ring.ideal([self._gen * other._gen])
+
+    def _acted_upon_(self, other, on_left):
+        """
+        Multiply this ideal with the ``other`` ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- ideal
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal(x/(x^2+1))
+            sage: x * I
+            Ideal (1) of Maximal infinite order of Rational function field
+            in x over Finite Field of size 2
+        """
+        return self._ring.ideal([other * self._gen])
+
+    def __invert__(self):
+        """
+        Return the multiplicative inverse of this ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal(x/(x^2 + 1))
+            sage: ~I  # indirect doctest
+            Ideal (x) of Maximal infinite order of Rational function field in x
+            over Finite Field of size 2
+        """
+        return self._ring.ideal([~self._gen])
+
+    def is_prime(self):
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if this ideal is a prime ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal(x/(x^2 + 1))
+            sage: I.is_prime()
+            True
+        """
+        x = self._ring.fraction_field().gen()
+        return self._gen == 1/x
+
+    def gen(self):
+        """
+        Return the generator of this principal ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal((x+1)/(x^3+x), (x^2+1)/x^4)
+            sage: I.gen()
+            1/x^2
+        """
+        return self._gen
+
+    def gens(self) -> tuple:
+        """
+        Return the generator of this principal ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal((x+1)/(x^3+x), (x^2+1)/x^4)
+            sage: I.gens()
+            (1/x^2,)
+        """
+        return (self._gen,)
+
+    def gens_over_base(self) -> tuple:
+        """
+        Return the generator of this ideal as a rank one module
+        over the infinite maximal order.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal((x+1)/(x^3+x), (x^2+1)/x^4)
+            sage: I.gens_over_base()
+            (1/x^2,)
+        """
+        return (self._gen,)
+
+    def valuation(self, ideal):
+        """
+        Return the valuation of ``ideal`` at this prime ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``ideal`` -- fractional ideal
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x> = FunctionField(QQ)
+            sage: O = F.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: p = O.ideal(1/x)
+            sage: p.valuation(O.ideal(x/(x+1)))
+            0
+            sage: p.valuation(O.ideal(0))
+            +Infinity
+        """
+        if not self.is_prime():
+            raise TypeError("not a prime ideal")
+
+        f = ideal.gen()
+        if f == 0:
+            return infinity
+        else:
+            return f.denominator().degree() - f.numerator().degree()
+
+    def _factor(self):
+        """
+        Return the factorization of this ideal into prime ideals.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2))
+            sage: Oinf = K.maximal_order_infinite()
+            sage: I = Oinf.ideal((x+1)/(x^3+1))
+            sage: I._factor()
+            [(Ideal (1/x) of Maximal infinite order of Rational function field in x
+            over Finite Field of size 2, 2)]
+        """
+        g = ~(self.ring().fraction_field().gen())
+        m = self._gen.denominator().degree() - self._gen.numerator().degree()
+        if m == 0:
+            return []
+        else:
+            return [(self.ring().ideal(g), m)]