numba-cuda 0.22.0__cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_24_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

numba_cuda/numba/cuda/tests/cudapy/test_caching.py

@@ -0,0 +1,683 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+import multiprocessing
+import os
+import shutil
+import unittest
+import warnings
+import sys
+import stat
+import subprocess
+
+from numba import cuda
+from numba.cuda.core.errors import NumbaWarning
+from numba.cuda.testing import (
+    CUDATestCase,
+    skip_on_cudasim,
+    skip_unless_cc_60,
+    skip_if_cudadevrt_missing,
+    test_data_dir,
+    skip_on_standalone_numba_cuda,
+)
+from numba.cuda.tests.support import (
+    TestCase,
+    temp_directory,
+    import_dynamic,
+)
+
+
+class BaseCacheTest(TestCase):
+    # The source file that will be copied
+    usecases_file = None
+    # Make sure this doesn't conflict with another module
+    modname = None
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.tempdir = temp_directory("test_cache")
+        sys.path.insert(0, self.tempdir)
+        self.modfile = os.path.join(self.tempdir, self.modname + ".py")
+        self.cache_dir = os.path.join(self.tempdir, "__pycache__")
+        shutil.copy(self.usecases_file, self.modfile)
+        os.chmod(self.modfile, stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IWRITE)
+        self.maxDiff = None
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        sys.modules.pop(self.modname, None)
+        sys.path.remove(self.tempdir)
+
+    def import_module(self):
+        # Import a fresh version of the test module.  All jitted functions
+        # in the test module will start anew and load overloads from
+        # the on-disk cache if possible.
+        old = sys.modules.pop(self.modname, None)
+        if old is not None:
+            # Make sure cached bytecode is removed
+            cached = [old.__cached__]
+            for fn in cached:
+                try:
+                    os.unlink(fn)
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    pass
+        mod = import_dynamic(self.modname)
+        self.assertEqual(mod.__file__.rstrip("co"), self.modfile)
+        return mod
+
+    def cache_contents(self):
+        try:
+            return [
+                fn
+                for fn in os.listdir(self.cache_dir)
+                if not fn.endswith((".pyc", ".pyo"))
+            ]
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return []
+
+    def get_cache_mtimes(self):
+        return dict(
+            (fn, os.path.getmtime(os.path.join(self.cache_dir, fn)))
+            for fn in sorted(self.cache_contents())
+        )
+
+    def check_pycache(self, n):
+        c = self.cache_contents()
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), n, c)
+
+    def dummy_test(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest(BaseCacheTest):
+    here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    usecases_file = os.path.join(here, "cache_usecases.py")
+    modname = "dispatcher_caching_test_fodder"
+
+    def run_in_separate_process(self, *, envvars={}):
+        # Cached functions can be run from a distinct process.
+        # Also stresses issue #1603: uncached function calling cached function
+        # shouldn't fail compiling.
+        code = """if 1:
+            import sys
+
+            sys.path.insert(0, %(tempdir)r)
+            mod = __import__(%(modname)r)
+            mod.self_test()
+            """ % dict(tempdir=self.tempdir, modname=self.modname)
+
+        subp_env = os.environ.copy()
+        subp_env.update(envvars)
+        popen = subprocess.Popen(
+            [sys.executable, "-c", code],
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+            env=subp_env,
+        )
+        out, err = popen.communicate()
+        if popen.returncode != 0:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                "process failed with code %s: \n"
+                "stdout follows\n%s\n"
+                "stderr follows\n%s\n"
+                % (popen.returncode, out.decode(), err.decode()),
+            )
+
+    def check_hits(self, func, hits, misses=None):
+        st = func.stats
+        self.assertEqual(sum(st.cache_hits.values()), hits, st.cache_hits)
+        if misses is not None:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                sum(st.cache_misses.values()), misses, st.cache_misses
+            )
+
+
+def check_access_is_preventable():
+    # This exists to check whether it is possible to prevent access to
+    # a file/directory through the use of `chmod 500`. If a user has
+    # elevated rights (e.g. root) then writes are likely to be possible
+    # anyway. Tests that require functioning access prevention are
+    # therefore skipped based on the result of this check.
+    tempdir = temp_directory("test_cache")
+    test_dir = os.path.join(tempdir, "writable_test")
+    os.mkdir(test_dir)
+    # check a write is possible
+    with open(os.path.join(test_dir, "write_ok"), "wt") as f:
+        f.write("check1")
+    # now forbid access
+    os.chmod(test_dir, 0o500)
+    try:
+        with open(os.path.join(test_dir, "write_forbidden"), "wt") as f:
+            f.write("check2")
+        # access prevention is not possible
+        return False
+    except PermissionError:
+        # Check that the cause of the exception is due to access/permission
+        # as per
+        # https://github.com/conda/conda/blob/4.5.0/conda/gateways/disk/permissions.py#L35-L37  # noqa: E501
+        # errno reports access/perm fail so access prevention via
+        # `chmod 500` works for this user.
+        return True
+    finally:
+        os.chmod(test_dir, 0o775)
+        shutil.rmtree(test_dir)
+
+
+_access_preventable = check_access_is_preventable()
+_access_msg = "Cannot create a directory to which writes are preventable"
+skip_bad_access = unittest.skipUnless(_access_preventable, _access_msg)
+
+
+@skip_on_cudasim("Simulator does not implement caching")
+class CUDACachingTest(DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest):
+    here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    usecases_file = os.path.join(here, "cache_usecases.py")
+    modname = "cuda_caching_test_fodder"
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.setUp(self)
+        CUDATestCase.setUp(self)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        CUDATestCase.tearDown(self)
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.tearDown(self)
+
+    def test_caching(self):
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+
+        f = mod.add_usecase
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+        self.check_pycache(2)  # 1 index, 1 data
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2.5, 3), 6.5)
+        self.check_pycache(3)  # 1 index, 2 data
+        self.check_hits(f.func, 0, 2)
+
+        f = mod.record_return_aligned
+        rec = f(mod.aligned_arr, 1)
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+
+        f = mod.record_return_packed
+        rec = f(mod.packed_arr, 1)
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+        self.check_pycache(6)  # 2 index, 4 data
+        self.check_hits(f.func, 0, 2)
+
+        # Check the code runs ok from another process
+        self.run_in_separate_process()
+
+    def test_no_caching(self):
+        mod = self.import_module()
+
+        f = mod.add_nocache_usecase
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+
+    def test_many_locals(self):
+        # Declaring many local arrays creates a very large LLVM IR, which
+        # cannot be pickled due to the level of recursion it requires to
+        # pickle. This test ensures that kernels with many locals (and
+        # therefore large IR) can be cached. See Issue #8373:
+        # https://github.com/numba/numba/issues/8373
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        f = mod.many_locals
+        f[1, 1]()
+        self.check_pycache(2)  # 1 index, 1 data
+
+    def test_closure(self):
+        mod = self.import_module()
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", NumbaWarning)
+
+            f = mod.closure1
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(3), 6)  # 3 + 3 = 6
+            f = mod.closure2
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(3), 8)  # 3 + 5 = 8
+            f = mod.closure3
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(3), 10)  # 3 + 7 = 10
+            f = mod.closure4
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(3), 12)  # 3 + 9 = 12
+            self.check_pycache(5)  # 1 nbi, 4 nbc
+
+    def test_cache_reuse(self):
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        mod.add_usecase(2, 3)
+        mod.add_usecase(2.5, 3.5)
+        mod.outer_uncached(2, 3)
+        mod.outer(2, 3)
+        mod.record_return_packed(mod.packed_arr, 0)
+        mod.record_return_aligned(mod.aligned_arr, 1)
+        mod.simple_usecase_caller(2)
+        mtimes = self.get_cache_mtimes()
+        # Two signatures compiled
+        self.check_hits(mod.add_usecase.func, 0, 2)
+
+        mod2 = self.import_module()
+        self.assertIsNot(mod, mod2)
+        f = mod2.add_usecase
+        f(2, 3)
+        self.check_hits(f.func, 1, 0)
+        f(2.5, 3.5)
+        self.check_hits(f.func, 2, 0)
+
+        # The files haven't changed
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_cache_mtimes(), mtimes)
+
+        self.run_in_separate_process()
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_cache_mtimes(), mtimes)
+
+    def test_cache_invalidate(self):
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        f = mod.add_usecase
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+
+        # This should change the functions' results
+        with open(self.modfile, "a") as f:
+            f.write("\nZ = 10\n")
+
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        f = mod.add_usecase
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 15)
+
+    def test_recompile(self):
+        # Explicit call to recompile() should overwrite the cache
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        f = mod.add_usecase
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        f = mod.add_usecase
+        mod.Z = 10
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+        f.func.recompile()
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 15)
+
+        # Freshly recompiled version is re-used from other imports
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        f = mod.add_usecase
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 15)
+
+    def test_same_names(self):
+        # Function with the same names should still disambiguate
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        f = mod.renamed_function1
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2), 4)
+        f = mod.renamed_function2
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2), 8)
+
+    def _test_pycache_fallback(self):
+        """
+        With a disabled __pycache__, test there is a working fallback
+        (e.g. on the user-wide cache dir)
+        """
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        f = mod.add_usecase
+        # Remove this function's cache files at the end, to avoid accumulation
+        # across test calls.
+        self.addCleanup(
+            shutil.rmtree, f.func.stats.cache_path, ignore_errors=True
+        )
+
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+        # It's a cache miss since the file was copied to a new temp location
+        self.check_hits(f.func, 0, 1)
+
+        # Test re-use
+        mod2 = self.import_module()
+        f = mod2.add_usecase
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+        self.check_hits(f.func, 1, 0)
+
+        # The __pycache__ is empty (otherwise the test's preconditions
+        # wouldn't be met)
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+
+    @skip_bad_access
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        os.name == "nt", "cannot easily make a directory read-only on Windows"
+    )
+    def test_non_creatable_pycache(self):
+        # Make it impossible to create the __pycache__ directory
+        old_perms = os.stat(self.tempdir).st_mode
+        os.chmod(self.tempdir, 0o500)
+        self.addCleanup(os.chmod, self.tempdir, old_perms)
+
+        self._test_pycache_fallback()
+
+    @skip_bad_access
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        os.name == "nt", "cannot easily make a directory read-only on Windows"
+    )
+    def test_non_writable_pycache(self):
+        # Make it impossible to write to the __pycache__ directory
+        pycache = os.path.join(self.tempdir, "__pycache__")
+        os.mkdir(pycache)
+        old_perms = os.stat(pycache).st_mode
+        os.chmod(pycache, 0o500)
+        self.addCleanup(os.chmod, pycache, old_perms)
+
+        self._test_pycache_fallback()
+
+    def test_cannot_cache_linking_libraries(self):
+        link = str(test_data_dir / "jitlink.ptx")
+        msg = "Cannot pickle CUDACodeLibrary with linking files"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, msg):
+
+            @cuda.jit("void()", cache=True, link=[link])
+            def f():
+                pass
+
+
+@skip_on_cudasim("Simulator does not implement caching")
+class CUDACooperativeGroupTest(DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest):
+    # See Issue #9432: https://github.com/numba/numba/issues/9432
+    # If a cached function using CG sync was the first thing to compile,
+    # the compile would fail.
+    here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    usecases_file = os.path.join(here, "cg_cache_usecases.py")
+    modname = "cuda_cooperative_caching_test_fodder"
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.setUp(self)
+        CUDATestCase.setUp(self)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        CUDATestCase.tearDown(self)
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.tearDown(self)
+
+    @skip_unless_cc_60
+    @skip_if_cudadevrt_missing
+    def test_cache_cg(self):
+        # Functions using cooperative groups should be cacheable. See Issue
+        # #8888: https://github.com/numba/numba/issues/8888
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+
+        mod.cg_usecase(0)
+        self.check_pycache(2)  # 1 index, 1 data
+
+        # Check the code runs ok from another process
+        self.run_in_separate_process()
+
+
+@skip_on_cudasim("Simulator does not implement caching")
+class CUDAAndCPUCachingTest(DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest):
+    here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    usecases_file = os.path.join(here, "cache_with_cpu_usecases.py")
+    modname = "cuda_and_cpu_caching_test_fodder"
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.setUp(self)
+        CUDATestCase.setUp(self)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        CUDATestCase.tearDown(self)
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.tearDown(self)
+
+    @skip_on_standalone_numba_cuda
+    def test_cpu_and_cuda_targets(self):
+        # The same function jitted for CPU and CUDA targets should maintain
+        # separate caches for each target.
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+
+        f_cpu = mod.assign_cpu
+        f_cuda = mod.assign_cuda
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f_cpu(5), 5)
+        self.check_pycache(2)  # 1 index, 1 data
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f_cuda(5), 5)
+        self.check_pycache(3)  # 1 index, 2 data
+
+        self.check_hits(f_cpu.func, 0, 1)
+        self.check_hits(f_cuda.func, 0, 1)
+
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f_cpu(5.5), 5.5)
+        self.check_pycache(4)  # 1 index, 3 data
+        self.assertPreciseEqual(f_cuda(5.5), 5.5)
+        self.check_pycache(5)  # 1 index, 4 data
+
+        self.check_hits(f_cpu.func, 0, 2)
+        self.check_hits(f_cuda.func, 0, 2)
+
+    @skip_on_standalone_numba_cuda
+    def test_cpu_and_cuda_reuse(self):
+        # Existing cache files for the CPU and CUDA targets are reused.
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        mod.assign_cpu(5)
+        mod.assign_cpu(5.5)
+        mod.assign_cuda(5)
+        mod.assign_cuda(5.5)
+
+        mtimes = self.get_cache_mtimes()
+
+        # Two signatures compiled
+        self.check_hits(mod.assign_cpu.func, 0, 2)
+        self.check_hits(mod.assign_cuda.func, 0, 2)
+
+        mod2 = self.import_module()
+        self.assertIsNot(mod, mod2)
+        f_cpu = mod2.assign_cpu
+        f_cuda = mod2.assign_cuda
+
+        f_cpu(2)
+        self.check_hits(f_cpu.func, 1, 0)
+        f_cpu(2.5)
+        self.check_hits(f_cpu.func, 2, 0)
+        f_cuda(2)
+        self.check_hits(f_cuda.func, 1, 0)
+        f_cuda(2.5)
+        self.check_hits(f_cuda.func, 2, 0)
+
+        # The files haven't changed
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_cache_mtimes(), mtimes)
+
+        self.run_in_separate_process()
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_cache_mtimes(), mtimes)
+
+
+def get_different_cc_gpus():
+    # Find two GPUs with different Compute Capabilities and return them as a
+    # tuple. If two GPUs with distinct Compute Capabilities cannot be found,
+    # then None is returned.
+    first_gpu = cuda.gpus[0]
+    with first_gpu:
+        first_cc = cuda.current_context().device.compute_capability
+
+    for gpu in cuda.gpus[1:]:
+        with gpu:
+            cc = cuda.current_context().device.compute_capability
+            if cc != first_cc:
+                return (first_gpu, gpu)
+
+    return None
+
+
+@skip_on_cudasim("Simulator does not implement caching")
+class TestMultiCCCaching(DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest):
+    here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    usecases_file = os.path.join(here, "cache_usecases.py")
+    modname = "cuda_multi_cc_caching_test_fodder"
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.setUp(self)
+        CUDATestCase.setUp(self)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        CUDATestCase.tearDown(self)
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.tearDown(self)
+
+    def test_cache(self):
+        gpus = get_different_cc_gpus()
+        if not gpus:
+            self.skipTest("Need two different CCs for multi-CC cache test")
+
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        self.check_pycache(0)
+
+        # Step 1. Populate the cache with the first GPU
+        with gpus[0]:
+            f = mod.add_usecase
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+            self.check_pycache(2)  # 1 index, 1 data
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2.5, 3), 6.5)
+            self.check_pycache(3)  # 1 index, 2 data
+            self.check_hits(f.func, 0, 2)
+
+            f = mod.record_return_aligned
+            rec = f(mod.aligned_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+
+            f = mod.record_return_packed
+            rec = f(mod.packed_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+            self.check_pycache(6)  # 2 index, 4 data
+            self.check_hits(f.func, 0, 2)
+
+        # Step 2. Run with the second GPU - under present behaviour this
+        # doesn't further populate the cache.
+        with gpus[1]:
+            f = mod.add_usecase
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+            self.check_pycache(6)  # cache unchanged
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2.5, 3), 6.5)
+            self.check_pycache(6)  # cache unchanged
+            self.check_hits(f.func, 0, 2)
+
+            f = mod.record_return_aligned
+            rec = f(mod.aligned_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+
+            f = mod.record_return_packed
+            rec = f(mod.packed_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+            self.check_pycache(6)  # cache unchanged
+            self.check_hits(f.func, 0, 2)
+
+        # Step 3. Run in a separate module with the second GPU - this populates
+        # the cache for the second CC.
+        mod2 = self.import_module()
+        self.assertIsNot(mod, mod2)
+
+        with gpus[1]:
+            f = mod2.add_usecase
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+            self.check_pycache(7)  # 2 index, 5 data
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2.5, 3), 6.5)
+            self.check_pycache(8)  # 2 index, 6 data
+            self.check_hits(f.func, 0, 2)
+
+            f = mod2.record_return_aligned
+            rec = f(mod.aligned_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+
+            f = mod2.record_return_packed
+            rec = f(mod.packed_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+            self.check_pycache(10)  # 2 index, 8 data
+            self.check_hits(f.func, 0, 2)
+
+        # The following steps check that we can use the NVVM IR loaded from the
+        # cache to generate PTX for a different compute capability to the
+        # cached cubin's CC. To check this, we create another module that loads
+        # the cached version containing a cubin for GPU 1. There will be no
+        # cubin for GPU 0, so when we try to use it the PTX must be generated.
+
+        mod3 = self.import_module()
+        self.assertIsNot(mod, mod3)
+
+        # Step 4. Run with GPU 1 and get a cache hit, loading the cache created
+        # during Step 3.
+        with gpus[1]:
+            f = mod3.add_usecase
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2.5, 3), 6.5)
+
+            f = mod3.record_return_aligned
+            rec = f(mod.aligned_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+
+            f = mod3.record_return_packed
+            rec = f(mod.packed_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+
+        # Step 5. Run with GPU 0 using the module from Step 4, to force PTX
+        # generation from cached NVVM IR.
+        with gpus[0]:
+            f = mod3.add_usecase
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2, 3), 6)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(f(2.5, 3), 6.5)
+
+            f = mod3.record_return_aligned
+            rec = f(mod.aligned_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+
+            f = mod3.record_return_packed
+            rec = f(mod.packed_arr, 1)
+            self.assertPreciseEqual(tuple(rec), (2, 43.5))
+
+
+def child_initializer():
+    # Disable occupancy and implicit copy warnings in processes in a
+    # multiprocessing pool.
+    from numba.cuda.core import config
+
+    config.CUDA_LOW_OCCUPANCY_WARNINGS = 0
+    config.CUDA_WARN_ON_IMPLICIT_COPY = 0
+
+
+@skip_on_cudasim("Simulator does not implement caching")
+class TestMultiprocessCache(DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest):
+    here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    usecases_file = os.path.join(here, "cache_usecases.py")
+    modname = "cuda_mp_caching_test_fodder"
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.setUp(self)
+        CUDATestCase.setUp(self)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        CUDATestCase.tearDown(self)
+        DispatcherCacheUsecasesTest.tearDown(self)
+
+    def test_multiprocessing(self):
+        # Check caching works from multiple processes at once (#2028)
+        mod = self.import_module()
+        # Calling a pure Python caller of the JIT-compiled function is
+        # necessary to reproduce the issue.
+        f = mod.simple_usecase_caller
+        n = 3
+        try:
+            ctx = multiprocessing.get_context("spawn")
+        except AttributeError:
+            ctx = multiprocessing
+
+        pool = ctx.Pool(n, child_initializer)
+
+        try:
+            res = sum(pool.imap(f, range(n)))
+        finally:
+            pool.close()
+        self.assertEqual(res, n * (n - 1) // 2)
+
+
+@skip_on_cudasim("Simulator does not implement the CUDACodeLibrary")
+class TestCUDACodeLibrary(CUDATestCase):
+    # For tests of miscellaneous CUDACodeLibrary behaviour that we wish to
+    # explicitly check
+
+    def test_cannot_serialize_unfinalized(self):
+        # The CUDA codegen failes to import under the simulator, so we cannot
+        # import it at the top level
+        from numba.cuda.codegen import CUDACodeLibrary
+
+        # Usually a CodeLibrary requires a real CodeGen, but since we don't
+        # interact with it, anything will do
+        codegen = object()
+        name = "library"
+        cl = CUDACodeLibrary(codegen, name)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "Cannot pickle unfinalized"):
+            cl._reduce_states()