ngsolve 6.2.2506.post74.dev0__cp314-cp314-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl

ngsolve/meshes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+from netgen.meshing import *
+from netgen.csg import *
+import ngsolve
+
+def Make1DMesh(n, mapping = None, periodic=False):
+    """
+    Generate an equidistant 1D mesh with N cells
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : int
+      Number of cells.
+
+    mapping: lamda
+      Mapping to transform the generated points. If None, the identity mapping is used.
+
+    periodic: bool
+      If True, the endpoints are identified to generate a periodic mesh.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (ngsolve.mesh)
+      Returns generated 1D NGSolve mesh
+
+    """
+    mesh = Mesh(dim=1)
+    pids = []
+    for i in range(n+1):
+        x = i/n
+        if mapping:
+            x = mapping(x)
+        pids.append (mesh.Add (MeshPoint(Pnt(x, 0, 0))))
+
+    idx_inner = mesh.AddRegion("dom", dim=1)
+    idx_left = mesh.AddRegion("left", dim=0)
+    idx_right = mesh.AddRegion("right", dim=0)
+        
+    for i in range(n):
+        mesh.Add(Element1D([pids[i+1],pids[i]],index=idx_inner))
+    mesh.Add (Element0D( pids[0], index=idx_left))
+    mesh.Add (Element0D( pids[n], index=idx_right))
+    if periodic:
+        mesh.AddPointIdentification(pids[0],pids[n],1,2)
+    ngsmesh = ngsolve.Mesh(mesh)
+    return ngsmesh
+
+def MakeStructured2DMesh(quads=True, nx=10, ny=10, secondorder=False, periodic_x=False, periodic_y=False, mapping = None, bbpts=None, bbnames=None, flip_triangles=False, boundarylayer=None, hppnts=None):
+    """
+    Generate a structured 2D mesh
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    quads : bool
+      If True, a quadrilateral mesh is generated. If False, the quads are split to triangles.
+
+    nx : int
+      Number of cells in x-direction.
+
+    ny : int
+      Number of cells in y-direction.
+
+    secondorder : bool
+      If True, second order curved elements are used.
+
+    periodic_x: bool
+      If True, the left and right boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in x-direction.
+
+    periodic_y: bool
+      If True, the top and bottom boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in y-direction.
+
+    mapping: lamda
+      Mapping to transform the generated points. If None, the identity mapping is used.
+    
+    bbpts : list
+      List of points which should be handled as BBND and are named with bbnames. The mesh (nx, ny and mapping) must be constructed in such a way that the bbpts coincide with generated points. Otherwise an Exception is thrown.
+
+    bbnames : list
+      List of bbnd names as strings. Size must coincide with size of bbpts. Otherwise an Exception is thrown.
+
+    flip_triangles : bool
+      If set to True together with quads=False the quads are cut the other way round
+
+    boundarylayer : dict
+      If not None it expects a dictionary of the form { "boundaryname" : [t1,...,tn] } where ti denote the thickness of layer i. The number of layers are included in nx/ny. After the layers are placed the remaining number of cells are used to divide the remaining grid uniformly.
+
+    hppnts : list
+      If not None it expects a list of the form [ (px1,py1, hpref1), (px2,py2, hpref2), ... ] where px,py are the point coordinates which have to be resolved in the mesh and hpref the refinement factor
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (ngsolve.mesh)
+      Returns generated 2D NGSolve mesh
+
+    """
+    mesh = Mesh()
+    mesh.dim=2
+
+    if (bbpts and bbnames) and len(bbpts) != len(bbnames):
+        raise Exception("Lenght of bbnames does not coincide with length of bbpts!")
+
+    found = []
+    indbbpts = []
+    if bbpts:
+        for i in range(len(bbpts)):
+            found.append(False)
+            indbbpts.append(None)
+    foundhp = [ False for i in hppnts] if hppnts else []
+        
+
+    pids = []
+    if periodic_y:
+        minioni = []
+        masteri = []
+    if periodic_x:        
+        minionj = []
+        masterj = []
+        
+    numlayerleft  = len(boundarylayer["left"]) if (boundarylayer and boundarylayer.get("left")) else 0
+    numlayerright = len(boundarylayer["right"]) if (boundarylayer and boundarylayer.get("right")) else 0
+    numlayertop   = len(boundarylayer["top"]) if (boundarylayer and boundarylayer.get("top")) else 0
+    numlayerbot   = len(boundarylayer["bottom"]) if (boundarylayer and boundarylayer.get("bottom")) else 0
+
+    thicknessleft  = [0]
+    thicknessright = [0]
+    thicknesstop   = [0]
+    thicknessbot   = [0]
+    for i in range(numlayerleft):
+        thicknessleft.append(thicknessleft[-1]+boundarylayer["left"][i])
+    for i in range(numlayerright):
+        thicknessright.append(thicknessright[-1]+boundarylayer["right"][i])
+    for i in range(numlayertop):
+        thicknesstop.append(thicknesstop[-1]+boundarylayer["top"][i])
+    for i in range(numlayerbot):
+        thicknessbot.append(thicknessbot[-1]+boundarylayer["bottom"][i])
+
+        
+    for i in range(ny+1):
+        for j in range(nx+1):
+            x = thicknessleft[j] if j < numlayerleft else ((thicknessleft[-1]+(j-numlayerleft)/(nx-numlayerleft-numlayerright)*(1-thicknessleft[-1]-thicknessright[-1])) if j < nx-numlayerright else 1-thicknessright[nx-j])
+            y = thicknessbot[i] if i < numlayerbot else ((thicknessbot[-1]+(i-numlayerbot)/(ny-numlayerbot-numlayertop)*(1-thicknessbot[-1]-thicknesstop[-1])) if i< ny-numlayertop else 1-thicknesstop[ny-i])
+            pids.append(mesh.Add (MeshPoint(Pnt(x,y,0))))
+            if periodic_y:
+                if i == 0:
+                    minioni.append(pids[-1])
+                if i == ny:
+                    masteri.append(pids[-1])  
+            if periodic_x:                       
+                if j == 0:
+                    minionj.append(pids[-1])
+                if j == nx:
+                    masterj.append(pids[-1])        
+    if periodic_y:
+        for i in range(len(minioni)):   
+            mesh.AddPointIdentification(masteri[i],minioni[i],identnr=1,type=2)
+    if periodic_x:            
+        for j in range(len(minionj)):        
+            mesh.AddPointIdentification(masterj[j],minionj[j],identnr=2,type=2)                                       
+
+    # mesh.Add(FaceDescriptor(surfnr=1,domin=1,bc=1))
+    idx_dom = mesh.AddRegion("dom", dim=2)
+    idx_bottom = mesh.AddRegion("bottom", dim=1)
+    idx_right  = mesh.AddRegion("right", dim=1)
+    idx_top    = mesh.AddRegion("top", dim=1)
+    idx_left   = mesh.AddRegion("left", dim=1)
+    
+    for i in range(ny):
+        for j in range(nx):
+            base = i * (nx+1) + j
+            if quads:
+                pnum = [base,base+1,base+nx+2,base+nx+1]
+                elpids = [pids[p] for p in pnum]
+                el = Element2D(idx_dom,elpids)
+                if not mapping:
+                    el.curved=False
+                mesh.Add(el)
+            else:
+                if flip_triangles:
+                    pnum1 = [base,base+1,base+nx+2]
+                    pnum2 = [base,base+nx+2,base+nx+1]
+                else:
+                    pnum1 = [base,base+1,base+nx+1]
+                    pnum2 = [base+1,base+nx+2,base+nx+1]
+                elpids1 = [pids[p] for p in pnum1]
+                elpids2 = [pids[p] for p in pnum2]
+                mesh.Add(Element2D(idx_dom,elpids1)) 
+                mesh.Add(Element2D(idx_dom,elpids2))                          
+
+    for i in range(nx):
+        mesh.Add(Element1D([pids[i], pids[i+1]], index=idx_bottom))
+    for i in range(ny):
+        mesh.Add(Element1D([pids[i*(nx+1)+nx], pids[(i+1)*(nx+1)+nx]], index=idx_right))
+    for i in range(nx):
+        mesh.Add(Element1D([pids[ny*(nx+1)+i+1], pids[ny*(nx+1)+i]], index=idx_top))
+    for i in range(ny):
+        mesh.Add(Element1D([pids[(i+1)*(nx+1)], pids[i*(nx+1)]], index=idx_left))
+
+    # mesh.SetBCName(0, "bottom")        
+    # mesh.SetBCName(1, "right")        
+    # mesh.SetBCName(2, "top")        
+    # mesh.SetBCName(3, "left")  
+
+    mesh.Compress()       
+    
+    if secondorder:
+        mesh.SecondOrder()
+    
+    if mapping:
+        for p in mesh.Points():
+            x,y,z = p.p
+            x,y = mapping(x,y)
+            p[0] = x
+            p[1] = y
+
+    for k in range(len(found)):
+        i = 0
+        for p in mesh.Points():
+            if abs(p.p[0]-bbpts[k][0])+abs(p.p[1]-bbpts[k][1]) < 1e-6:
+                indbbpts[k] = pids[i]
+                found[k] = True
+            i += 1
+    for k in range(len(found)):
+        if found[k] == False:
+            raise Exception("bbpnt[",k,"] not in structured mesh!")
+    for i in range(len(indbbpts)):
+        mesh.Add(Element0D(indbbpts[i], index=i+1))
+        mesh.SetCD2Name(i+1, bbnames[i])
+
+    for k in range(len(foundhp)):
+        i = 0
+        for p in mesh.Points():
+            if abs(p.p[0]-hppnts[k][0])+abs(p.p[1]-hppnts[k][1]) < 1e-6:
+                mesh.AddSingularity(pids[i],hppnts[k][-1])
+                foundhp[k] = True
+            i += 1
+    for k in range(len(foundhp)):
+        if foundhp[k] == False:
+            raise Exception("hppnts[",k,"] not in structured mesh!")
+    
+            
+    ngsmesh = ngsolve.Mesh(mesh)
+    return ngsmesh
+
+def MakeQuadMesh(nx=10, ny=10, periodic_x=False, periodic_y=False, mapping = None):
+    """
+    Generate a structured quadrilateral 2D mesh
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    nx : int
+      Number of cells in x-direction.
+
+    ny : int
+      Number of cells in y-direction.
+
+    periodic_x: bool
+      If True, the left and right boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in x-direction.
+
+    periodic_y: bool
+      If True, the top and bottom boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in y-direction.
+
+    mapping: lambda
+      Mapping to transform the generated points. If None, the identity mapping is used.
+    
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (ngsolve.mesh)
+      Returns generated 2D NGSolve mesh
+
+    """
+    return MakeStructured2DMesh(quads=True, nx=nx, ny=ny, periodic_x=periodic_x, periodic_y=periodic_y, mapping=mapping)    
+
+def MakeStructured3DMesh(hexes=True, nx=10, ny=None, nz=None, secondorder=False, periodic_x=False, periodic_y=False, periodic_z=False, mapping = None, cuboid_mapping=False, prism=False):
+    """
+    Generate a structured quadrilateral 2D mesh
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    hexes: bool
+      If True, a mesh consisting of hexahedra is generated.
+
+    nx : int
+      Number of cells in x-direction.
+
+    ny : int
+      Number of cells in y-direction.
+
+    nz : int
+      Number of cells in z-direction.
+
+    secondorder : bool
+      If True, second order curved elements are used.
+ 
+    periodic_x: bool
+      If True, the left and right boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in x-direction.
+
+    periodic_y: bool
+      If True, the top and bottom boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in y-direction.
+
+    periodic_z: bool
+      If True, the top and bottom boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in z-direction.
+
+    mapping: lambda
+      Mapping to transform the generated points. If None, the identity mapping is used.
+    
+    cuboid_mapping: bool
+      If True, a straight geometry is assumed.
+
+    prism : bool
+      If True, a mesh consisting of prism is generated. If hexes and prism is set to True, also a mesh consisting of prism is generated.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (ngsolve.mesh)
+      Returns generated 3D NGSolve mesh
+
+    """
+    if nz == None:
+        if ny == None:
+            nz = nx
+        else:
+            raise Exception("MakeStructured3DMesh: No default value for nz if nx and ny are provided")
+    if ny == None:
+        ny = nx
+        
+    netmesh = Mesh()
+    netmesh.dim = 3
+
+    if cuboid_mapping:
+        P1 = (0,0,0)
+        P2 = (1,1,1)
+        if mapping:
+            P1 = mapping(*P1)
+            P2 = mapping(*P2)
+        cube = OrthoBrick(Pnt(P1[0], P1[1], P1[2]), Pnt(P2[0], P2[1], P2[2])).bc(1)
+        geom = CSGeometry()
+        geom.Add(cube)
+        netmesh.SetGeometry(geom)
+
+    pids = []
+    if periodic_x:
+        minioni = []
+        masteri = []
+    if periodic_y:        
+        minionj = []
+        masterj = []
+    if periodic_z:        
+        minionk = []
+        masterk = []        
+    for i in range(nx+1):
+        for j in range(ny+1):
+            for k in range(nz+1):
+                # x,y,z = mapping(i / nx, j / ny, k / nz)
+                x,y,z = i / nx, j / ny, k / nz
+                # if mapping:
+                #   x,y,z = mapping(x,y,z)
+                pids.append(netmesh.Add(MeshPoint(Pnt( x,y,z ))))
+                if periodic_x:
+                    if i == 0:
+                        minioni.append(pids[-1])
+                    if i == nx:
+                        masteri.append(pids[-1])  
+                if periodic_y:           
+                    if j == 0:
+                        minionj.append(pids[-1])
+                    if j == ny:
+                        masterj.append(pids[-1]) 
+                if periodic_z:                    
+                    if k == 0:
+                        minionk.append(pids[-1])
+                    if k == nz:
+                        masterk.append(pids[-1])
+    if periodic_x:
+        for i in range(len(minioni)):   
+            netmesh.AddPointIdentification(masteri[i],minioni[i],identnr=1,type=2)     
+    if periodic_y:        
+        for j in range(len(minionj)):            
+            netmesh.AddPointIdentification(masterj[j],minionj[j],identnr=2,type=2) 
+    if periodic_z:        
+        for k in range(len(minionk)):            
+            netmesh.AddPointIdentification(masterk[k],minionk[k],identnr=3,type=2)                                                      
+
+    for i in range(nx):
+        for j in range(ny):
+            for k in range(nz):
+                base = i * (ny+1)*(nz+1) + j*(nz+1) + k
+                baseup = base+(ny+1)*(nz+1)
+                pnum = [base, base+1, base+(nz+1)+1, base+(nz+1),
+                        baseup, baseup+1, baseup+(nz+1)+1, baseup+(nz+1)]
+                if prism:
+                    for qarr in [[0,3,4,1,2,5],[3,7,4,2,6,5]]:
+                        elpids = [pids[p] for p in [pnum[q] for q in qarr]]
+                        netmesh.Add(Element3D(1, elpids))
+                elif hexes:
+                    elpids = [pids[p] for p in pnum]
+                    el = Element3D(1, elpids)
+                    if not mapping:
+                        el.curved = False
+                    netmesh.Add(el)
+                else:
+                    #  a poor mans kuhn triangulation of a cube
+                    for qarr in [[0, 4, 5, 6],
+                                 [0, 6, 7, 4],
+                                 [0, 3, 7, 6],
+                                 [0, 1, 6, 5],
+                                 [0, 1, 2, 6],
+                                 [0, 3, 6, 2]]:
+                        elpids = [pids[p] for p in [pnum[q] for q in qarr]]
+                        netmesh.Add(Element3D(1, elpids))
+
+    def AddSurfEls(p1, dxi, nxi, deta, neta, facenr):
+        def add_seg(i, j, os):
+            base = p1 + i*dxi + j*deta
+            pnum = [base, base+os]
+            elpids = [pids[p] for p in pnum]
+            netmesh.Add(Element1D(elpids, index=facenr))
+        for i in range(nxi):
+            for j in [0,neta]:
+                add_seg(i,j,dxi)
+        for i in [0,nxi]:
+            for j in range(neta):
+                add_seg(i,j,deta)
+        for i in range(nxi):
+            for j in range(neta):
+                base = p1 + i*dxi+j*deta
+                pnum = [base, base+dxi, base+dxi+deta, base+deta]
+                if prism:
+                    if facenr <= 4:
+                        qarr = [1,2,3,0]
+                        elpids = [pids[pnum[p]] for p in qarr]
+                        netmesh.Add(Element2D(facenr, elpids))
+                    else:
+                        qarrs = [[3, 1, 2], [3, 0, 1]]
+                        for qarr in qarrs:
+                            elpids = [pids[p] for p in [pnum[q] for q in qarr]]
+                            netmesh.Add(Element2D(facenr, elpids))
+                elif hexes:
+                    elpids = [pids[p] for p in pnum]
+                    netmesh.Add(Element2D(facenr, elpids))
+                else:
+                    qarrs = [[0, 1, 2], [0, 2, 3]]
+                    for qarr in qarrs:
+                        elpids = [pids[p] for p in [pnum[q] for q in qarr]]
+                        netmesh.Add(Element2D(facenr, elpids))
+
+    #order is important!
+    netmesh.Add(FaceDescriptor(surfnr=4, domin=1, bc=1))
+    netmesh.Add(FaceDescriptor(surfnr=2, domin=1, bc=2))
+    netmesh.Add(FaceDescriptor(surfnr=5, domin=1, bc=3))
+    netmesh.Add(FaceDescriptor(surfnr=3, domin=1, bc=4))
+    netmesh.Add(FaceDescriptor(surfnr=0, domin=1, bc=5))
+    netmesh.Add(FaceDescriptor(surfnr=1, domin=1, bc=6))
+        
+    # y-z-plane, smallest x-coord: ("back")
+    AddSurfEls(0, 1, nz,  nz+1, ny, facenr=1) # y-z-plane
+    # x-z-plane, smallest y-coord: ("left")
+    AddSurfEls(0, (ny+1)*(nz+1), nx, 1, nz,facenr=2)
+    # y-z-plane, largest x-coord: ("front")
+    AddSurfEls((nx+1)*(ny+1)*(nz+1)-1, -(nz+1), ny, -1, nz, facenr=3) 
+    # x-z-plane, largest y-coord: ("right")
+    AddSurfEls((nx+1)*(ny+1)*(nz+1)-1, -1, nz, -(ny+1)*(nz+1), nx, facenr=4)
+    # x-y-plane, smallest z-coord: ("bottom")
+    AddSurfEls(0, nz+1, ny, (ny+1)*(nz+1), nx,facenr=5) 
+    # x-y-plane, largest z-coord: ("top")
+    AddSurfEls((nx+1)*(ny+1)*(nz+1)-1, -(ny+1)*(nz+1), nx, -(nz+1), ny, facenr=6) 
+
+    netmesh.SetBCName(0,"back")
+    netmesh.SetBCName(1,"left")
+    netmesh.SetBCName(2,"front")
+    netmesh.SetBCName(3,"right")
+    netmesh.SetBCName(4,"bottom")
+    netmesh.SetBCName(5,"top")
+    
+    netmesh.Compress()
+
+    if secondorder:
+        netmesh.SecondOrder()
+    
+    if mapping:
+        for p in netmesh.Points():
+            x,y,z = p.p
+            x,y,z = mapping(x,y,z)
+            p[0] = x
+            p[1] = y
+            p[2] = z
+            
+    ngsmesh = ngsolve.Mesh(netmesh)
+    # ngsmesh.ngmesh.Save("tmp.vol.gz")
+    # ngsmesh = ngsolve.Mesh("tmp.vol.gz")
+    return ngsmesh
+
+def MakeHexMesh(nx=10, ny=10, nz=10, secondorder=False, periodic_x=False, periodic_y=False, periodic_z=False, mapping = None, cuboid_mapping=False):
+    """
+    Generate a structured hexahedra 3D mesh
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    nx : int
+      Number of cells in x-direction.
+
+    ny : int
+      Number of cells in y-direction.
+
+    nz : int
+      Number of cells in z-direction.
+
+    periodic_x: bool
+      If True, the left and right boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in x-direction.
+
+    periodic_y: bool
+      If True, the top and bottom boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in y-direction.
+
+    periodic_z: bool
+      If True, the top and bottom boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in z-direction.
+
+    mapping: lambda
+      Mapping to transform the generated points. If None, the identity mapping is used.
+    
+    cuboid_mapping: bool
+      If True, a straight geometry is assumed.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (ngsolve.mesh)
+      Returns generated 3D NGSolve mesh consisting of only hexahedra
+
+    """
+    return MakeStructured3DMesh(hexes=True, nx=nx, ny=ny, nz=nz, secondorder=secondorder, periodic_x=periodic_x, periodic_y=periodic_y, periodic_z=periodic_z, mapping=mapping, cuboid_mapping=cuboid_mapping)
+
+def MakePrismMesh(nx=10, ny=None, nz=None, secondorder=False, periodic_x=False, periodic_y=False, periodic_z=False, mapping = None, cuboid_mapping=False):
+    """
+    Generate a structured prism 3D mesh
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    nx : int
+      Number of cells in x-direction.
+
+    ny : int
+      Number of cells in y-direction.
+
+    nz : int
+      Number of cells in z-direction.
+
+    periodic_x: bool
+      If True, the left and right boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in x-direction.
+
+    periodic_y: bool
+      If True, the top and bottom boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in y-direction.
+
+    periodic_z: bool
+      If True, the top and bottom boundaries are identified to generate a periodic mesh in z-direction.
+
+    mapping: lambda
+      Mapping to transform the generated points. If None, the identity mapping is used.
+    
+    cuboid_mapping: bool
+      If True, a straight geometry is assumed.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (ngsolve.mesh)
+      Returns generated 3D NGSolve mesh consisting of only prism
+
+    """
+    return MakeStructured3DMesh(hexes=False, nx=nx, ny=ny, nz=nz, secondorder=secondorder, periodic_x=periodic_x, periodic_y=periodic_y, periodic_z=periodic_z, mapping=mapping, cuboid_mapping=cuboid_mapping, prism=True)
+
+from math import pi
+from ngsolve import Draw, sin, cos
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    mesh = Make1DMesh(n=4)
+    print("simple 1D mesh -- no visualization -- ")
+
+    mesh = MakeQuadMesh(nx=4, ny=4)
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("simple quad mesh -- press any key to continue -- ")
+
+    mesh = MakeStructured2DMesh(quads=False, nx=4, ny=4)
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("simple trig mesh -- press any key to continue -- ")    
+
+    mesh = MakeQuadMesh(nx=4, ny=4, periodic_x=True, periodic_y=False)
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("x-periodic quad mesh -- press any key to continue -- ") 
+
+    mesh = MakeStructured2DMesh(quads=False, nx=16, ny=4, periodic_x=False, periodic_y=True)
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("y-periodic non-uniform trig mesh -- press any key to continue -- ")        
+    
+    mesh = MakeStructured2DMesh(quads=True, nx=32, ny=16,
+                            mapping = lambda x,y : ((1.1+sin(pi*(y-0.5)))*sin(pi*x),
+                                                (1.1+sin(pi*(y-0.5)))*cos(pi*x)))
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("structured quad half circle with a whole -- press any key to continue -- ")
+    
+    mesh = MakeHexMesh(nx=8)
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("simple cube mesh -- press any key to continue -- ")
+
+    mesh = MakeHexMesh(nx=8, periodic_x=True, periodic_y=True, periodic_z=True)
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("periodic cube mesh -- press any key to continue -- ")    
+    
+    mesh = MakeStructured3DMesh(hexes=False, nx=3, ny=6, nz=10,
+                            mapping = lambda x,y,z : (x,0.5*y*(y+x),exp(z)),
+                            cuboid_mapping=False )
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("mapped, anisotropic linear non-cuboid mesh -- press any key to continue -- ")
+    
+    mesh = MakeStructured3DMesh(hexes=True, nx=8, ny=16, nz=8, periodic_x=True,
+                            mapping = lambda x,y,z : (5*x*x*(0.5-x/3),10*y*y*(0.5-y/3),5*z*z*(0.5-z/3)),
+                            cuboid_mapping=True )
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("x-periodic, mapped, anisotropic non-linear cuboid mesh -- press any key to continue --")
+    
+    mesh = MakeStructured3DMesh(hexes=False, nx=8, ny=8, nz=8, periodic_x=True,
+                            cuboid_mapping=True )
+    mesh.Refine()
+    Draw(mesh)
+    input("structured tet mesh (periodic in x-dir.), refined -- finished.")
+
+
+
+
+
+def MakeStructuredSurfaceMesh(quads=True, nx=10, ny=10, mapping = None, secondorder=False, bbbpts=None, bbbnames=None, flip_triangles=False):
+    """
+    Generate a structured 2D surface mesh in 3D
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    quads : bool
+      If True, a quadrilateral mesh is generated. If False, the quads are split to triangles.
+
+    nx : int
+      Number of cells in x-direction.
+
+    ny : int
+      Number of cells in y-direction.
+
+    mapping : lamda
+      Mapping to transform the generated points. If None, the identity mapping is used.
+    
+    secondorder : bool
+      If True, use quadratic elements, else linear elements are used.
+
+    bbbpts : list
+      List of points which should be handled as BBBND and are named with bbbnames. The mesh (nx, ny and mapping) must be constructed in such a way that the bbbpts coincide with generated points. Otherwise an Exception is thrown.
+
+    bbbnames : list
+      List of bbbnd names as strings. Size must coincide with size of bbbpts. Otherwise an Exception is thrown.
+
+    flip_triangles : bool
+      If set tot True together with quads=False the quads are cut the other way round
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (ngsolve.mesh)
+      Returns generated NGSolve mesh
+
+    """
+    mesh = Mesh(dim=3)
+
+    if (bbbpts and bbbnames) and len(bbbpts) != len(bbbnames):
+        raise Exception("Lenght of bbbnames does not coincide with length of bbbpts!")
+
+    found = []
+    indbbbpts = []
+    if bbbpts:
+        for i in range(len(bbbpts)):
+            found.append(False)
+            indbbbpts.append(None)
+
+    pids = []
+    for i in range(ny+1):
+        for j in range(nx+1):
+            x,y,z = j/nx, i/ny, 0
+            pids.append(mesh.Add (MeshPoint(Pnt(x,y,z))))
+            
+    mesh.Add(FaceDescriptor(surfnr=1,domin=1,bc=1))
+    
+    for i in range(ny):
+        for j in range(nx):
+            base = i * (nx+1) + j
+            if quads:
+                pnum = [base,base+1,base+nx+2,base+nx+1]
+                elpids = [pids[p] for p in pnum]
+                el = Element2D(1,elpids)
+                if not mapping:
+                    el.curved=False
+                mesh.Add(el)
+            else:
+                if flip_triangles:
+                    pnum1 = [base,base+1,base+nx+2]
+                    pnum2 = [base,base+nx+2,base+nx+1]
+                else:
+                    pnum1 = [base,base+1,base+nx+1]
+                    pnum2 = [base+1,base+nx+2,base+nx+1]
+                elpids1 = [pids[p] for p in pnum1]
+                elpids2 = [pids[p] for p in pnum2]
+                mesh.Add(Element2D(1,elpids1)) 
+                mesh.Add(Element2D(1,elpids2))                          
+
+    for i in range(nx):
+        mesh.Add(Element1D([pids[i], pids[i+1]], index=1))
+    for i in range(ny):
+        mesh.Add(Element1D([pids[i*(nx+1)+nx], pids[(i+1)*(nx+1)+nx]], index=2))
+    for i in range(nx):
+        mesh.Add(Element1D([pids[ny*(nx+1)+i+1], pids[ny*(nx+1)+i]], index=3))
+    for i in range(ny):
+        mesh.Add(Element1D([pids[(i+1)*(nx+1)], pids[i*(nx+1)]], index=4))
+
+    mesh.SetCD2Name(1, "bottom")        
+    mesh.SetCD2Name(2, "right")        
+    mesh.SetCD2Name(3, "top")        
+    mesh.SetCD2Name(4, "left")
+
+    if secondorder:
+        mesh.SecondOrder()
+    
+    if mapping:
+        for p in mesh.Points():
+            x,y,z = p.p
+            x,y,z = mapping(x,y,z)
+            p[0],p[1],p[2] = x,y,z
+           
+    for k in range(len(found)):
+        i = 0
+        for p in mesh.Points():
+            if abs(p.p[0]-bbbpts[k][0])+abs(p.p[1]-bbbpts[k][1])+abs(p.p[2]-bbbpts[k][2]) < 1e-6:
+                indbbbpts[k] = pids[i]
+                found[k] = True
+            i += 1
+    for k in range(len(found)):
+        if found[k] == False:
+            raise Exception("bbbpnt[",k,"] not in structured mesh!")
+
+    for i in range(len(indbbbpts)):
+        mesh.Add(Element0D(indbbbpts[i], index=i+1))
+        mesh.SetCD3Name(i+1, bbbnames[i])
+
+    mesh.Compress()       
+    ngsmesh = ngsolve.Mesh(mesh)
+    return ngsmesh