netgen-mesher 6.2.2506.post35.dev0__cp314-cp314-win_amd64.whl

netgen/include/pybind11/detail/type_caster_base.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1591 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/type_caster_base.h (originally first part of pybind11/cast.h)
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/gil.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+#include <pybind11/trampoline_self_life_support.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "cpp_conduit.h"
+#include "descr.h"
+#include "dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_if_possible.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+#include "typeid.h"
+#include "using_smart_holder.h"
+#include "value_and_holder.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <new>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeindex>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// A life support system for temporary objects created by `type_caster::load()`.
+/// Adding a patient will keep it alive up until the enclosing function returns.
+class loader_life_support {
+private:
+    loader_life_support *parent = nullptr;
+    std::unordered_set<PyObject *> keep_alive;
+
+public:
+    /// A new patient frame is created when a function is entered
+    loader_life_support() {
+        auto &stack_top = get_internals().loader_life_support_tls;
+        parent = stack_top.get();
+        stack_top = this;
+    }
+
+    /// ... and destroyed after it returns
+    ~loader_life_support() {
+        auto &stack_top = get_internals().loader_life_support_tls;
+        if (stack_top.get() != this) {
+            pybind11_fail("loader_life_support: internal error");
+        }
+        stack_top = parent;
+        for (auto *item : keep_alive) {
+            Py_DECREF(item);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// This can only be used inside a pybind11-bound function, either by `argument_loader`
+    /// at argument preparation time or by `py::cast()` at execution time.
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE static void add_patient(handle h) {
+        loader_life_support *frame = get_internals().loader_life_support_tls.get();
+        if (!frame) {
+            // NOTE: It would be nice to include the stack frames here, as this indicates
+            // use of pybind11::cast<> outside the normal call framework, finding such
+            // a location is challenging. Developers could consider printing out
+            // stack frame addresses here using something like __builtin_frame_address(0)
+            throw cast_error("When called outside a bound function, py::cast() cannot "
+                             "do Python -> C++ conversions which require the creation "
+                             "of temporary values");
+        }
+
+        if (frame->keep_alive.insert(h.ptr()).second) {
+            Py_INCREF(h.ptr());
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// Gets the cache entry for the given type, creating it if necessary.  The return value is the pair
+// returned by emplace, i.e. an iterator for the entry and a bool set to `true` if the entry was
+// just created.
+inline std::pair<decltype(internals::registered_types_py)::iterator, bool>
+all_type_info_get_cache(PyTypeObject *type);
+
+// Band-aid workaround to fix a subtle but serious bug in a minimalistic fashion. See PR #4762.
+inline void all_type_info_add_base_most_derived_first(std::vector<type_info *> &bases,
+                                                      type_info *addl_base) {
+    for (auto it = bases.begin(); it != bases.end(); it++) {
+        type_info *existing_base = *it;
+        if (PyType_IsSubtype(addl_base->type, existing_base->type) != 0) {
+            bases.insert(it, addl_base);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    bases.push_back(addl_base);
+}
+
+// Populates a just-created cache entry.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void all_type_info_populate(PyTypeObject *t, std::vector<type_info *> &bases) {
+    assert(bases.empty());
+    std::vector<PyTypeObject *> check;
+    for (handle parent : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(t->tp_bases)) {
+        check.push_back((PyTypeObject *) parent.ptr());
+    }
+    auto const &type_dict = get_internals().registered_types_py;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < check.size(); i++) {
+        auto *type = check[i];
+        // Ignore Python2 old-style class super type:
+        if (!PyType_Check((PyObject *) type)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Check `type` in the current set of registered python types:
+        auto it = type_dict.find(type);
+        if (it != type_dict.end()) {
+            // We found a cache entry for it, so it's either pybind-registered or has pre-computed
+            // pybind bases, but we have to make sure we haven't already seen the type(s) before:
+            // we want to follow Python/virtual C++ rules that there should only be one instance of
+            // a common base.
+            for (auto *tinfo : it->second) {
+                // NB: Could use a second set here, rather than doing a linear search, but since
+                // having a large number of immediate pybind11-registered types seems fairly
+                // unlikely, that probably isn't worthwhile.
+                bool found = false;
+                for (auto *known : bases) {
+                    if (known == tinfo) {
+                        found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!found) {
+                    all_type_info_add_base_most_derived_first(bases, tinfo);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (type->tp_bases) {
+            // It's some python type, so keep follow its bases classes to look for one or more
+            // registered types
+            if (i + 1 == check.size()) {
+                // When we're at the end, we can pop off the current element to avoid growing
+                // `check` when adding just one base (which is typical--i.e. when there is no
+                // multiple inheritance)
+                check.pop_back();
+                i--;
+            }
+            for (handle parent : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(type->tp_bases)) {
+                check.push_back((PyTypeObject *) parent.ptr());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts vector of type_info pointers of pybind-registered roots of the given Python type.  Will
+ * be just 1 pybind type for the Python type of a pybind-registered class, or for any Python-side
+ * derived class that uses single inheritance.  Will contain as many types as required for a Python
+ * class that uses multiple inheritance to inherit (directly or indirectly) from multiple
+ * pybind-registered classes.  Will be empty if neither the type nor any base classes are
+ * pybind-registered.
+ *
+ * The value is cached for the lifetime of the Python type.
+ */
+inline const std::vector<detail::type_info *> &all_type_info(PyTypeObject *type) {
+    return all_type_info_get_cache(type).first->second;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets a single pybind11 type info for a python type.  Returns nullptr if neither the type nor any
+ * ancestors are pybind11-registered.  Throws an exception if there are multiple bases--use
+ * `all_type_info` instead if you want to support multiple bases.
+ */
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE detail::type_info *get_type_info(PyTypeObject *type) {
+    const auto &bases = all_type_info(type);
+    if (bases.empty()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (bases.size() > 1) {
+        pybind11_fail(
+            "pybind11::detail::get_type_info: type has multiple pybind11-registered bases");
+    }
+    return bases.front();
+}
+
+inline detail::type_info *get_local_type_info(const std::type_index &tp) {
+    auto &locals = get_local_internals().registered_types_cpp;
+    auto it = locals.find(tp);
+    if (it != locals.end()) {
+        return it->second;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+inline detail::type_info *get_global_type_info(const std::type_index &tp) {
+    return with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        detail::type_info *type_info = nullptr;
+        auto &types = internals.registered_types_cpp;
+        auto it = types.find(tp);
+        if (it != types.end()) {
+            type_info = it->second;
+        }
+        return type_info;
+    });
+}
+
+/// Return the type info for a given C++ type; on lookup failure can either throw or return
+/// nullptr.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE detail::type_info *get_type_info(const std::type_index &tp,
+                                                   bool throw_if_missing = false) {
+    if (auto *ltype = get_local_type_info(tp)) {
+        return ltype;
+    }
+    if (auto *gtype = get_global_type_info(tp)) {
+        return gtype;
+    }
+
+    if (throw_if_missing) {
+        std::string tname = tp.name();
+        detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+        pybind11_fail("pybind11::detail::get_type_info: unable to find type info for \""
+                      + std::move(tname) + '"');
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE handle get_type_handle(const std::type_info &tp, bool throw_if_missing) {
+    detail::type_info *type_info = get_type_info(tp, throw_if_missing);
+    return handle(type_info ? ((PyObject *) type_info->type) : nullptr);
+}
+
+inline bool try_incref(PyObject *obj) {
+    // Tries to increment the reference count of an object if it's not zero.
+    // TODO: Use PyUnstable_TryIncref when available.
+    // See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/128844
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    // See
+    // https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/d05140f9f77d7dfc753dd1e5ac3a5962aaa03eff/Include/internal/pycore_object.h#L761
+    uint32_t local = _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&obj->ob_ref_local);
+    local += 1;
+    if (local == 0) {
+        // immortal
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (_Py_IsOwnedByCurrentThread(obj)) {
+        _Py_atomic_store_uint32_relaxed(&obj->ob_ref_local, local);
+#    ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+        _Py_INCREF_IncRefTotal();
+#    endif
+        return true;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t shared = _Py_atomic_load_ssize_relaxed(&obj->ob_ref_shared);
+    for (;;) {
+        // If the shared refcount is zero and the object is either merged
+        // or may not have weak references, then we cannot incref it.
+        if (shared == 0 || shared == _Py_REF_MERGED) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_ssize(
+                &obj->ob_ref_shared, &shared, shared + (1 << _Py_REF_SHARED_SHIFT))) {
+#    ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+            _Py_INCREF_IncRefTotal();
+#    endif
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    assert(Py_REFCNT(obj) > 0);
+    Py_INCREF(obj);
+    return true;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Searches the inheritance graph for a registered Python instance, using all_type_info().
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE handle find_registered_python_instance(void *src,
+                                                         const detail::type_info *tinfo) {
+    return with_instance_map(src, [&](instance_map &instances) {
+        auto it_instances = instances.equal_range(src);
+        for (auto it_i = it_instances.first; it_i != it_instances.second; ++it_i) {
+            for (auto *instance_type : detail::all_type_info(Py_TYPE(it_i->second))) {
+                if (instance_type && same_type(*instance_type->cpptype, *tinfo->cpptype)) {
+                    auto *wrapper = reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(it_i->second);
+                    if (try_incref(wrapper)) {
+                        return handle(wrapper);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return handle();
+    });
+}
+
+// Container for accessing and iterating over an instance's values/holders
+struct values_and_holders {
+private:
+    instance *inst;
+    using type_vec = std::vector<detail::type_info *>;
+    const type_vec &tinfo;
+
+public:
+    explicit values_and_holders(instance *inst)
+        : inst{inst}, tinfo(all_type_info(Py_TYPE(inst))) {}
+
+    explicit values_and_holders(PyObject *obj)
+        : inst{nullptr}, tinfo(all_type_info(Py_TYPE(obj))) {
+        if (!tinfo.empty()) {
+            inst = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(obj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct iterator {
+    private:
+        instance *inst = nullptr;
+        const type_vec *types = nullptr;
+        value_and_holder curr;
+        friend struct values_and_holders;
+        iterator(instance *inst, const type_vec *tinfo) : inst{inst}, types{tinfo} {
+            if (inst != nullptr) {
+                assert(!types->empty());
+                curr = value_and_holder(
+                    inst /* instance */,
+                    (*types)[0] /* type info */,
+                    0, /* vpos: (non-simple types only): the first vptr comes first */
+                    0 /* index */);
+            }
+        }
+        // Past-the-end iterator:
+        explicit iterator(size_t end) : curr(end) {}
+
+    public:
+        bool operator==(const iterator &other) const { return curr.index == other.curr.index; }
+        bool operator!=(const iterator &other) const { return curr.index != other.curr.index; }
+        iterator &operator++() {
+            if (!inst->simple_layout) {
+                curr.vh += 1 + (*types)[curr.index]->holder_size_in_ptrs;
+            }
+            ++curr.index;
+            curr.type = curr.index < types->size() ? (*types)[curr.index] : nullptr;
+            return *this;
+        }
+        value_and_holder &operator*() { return curr; }
+        value_and_holder *operator->() { return &curr; }
+    };
+
+    iterator begin() { return iterator(inst, &tinfo); }
+    iterator end() { return iterator(tinfo.size()); }
+
+    iterator find(const type_info *find_type) {
+        auto it = begin(), endit = end();
+        while (it != endit && it->type != find_type) {
+            ++it;
+        }
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    size_t size() { return tinfo.size(); }
+
+    // Band-aid workaround to fix a subtle but serious bug in a minimalistic fashion. See PR #4762.
+    bool is_redundant_value_and_holder(const value_and_holder &vh) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < vh.index; i++) {
+            if (PyType_IsSubtype(tinfo[i]->type, tinfo[vh.index]->type) != 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Extracts C++ value and holder pointer references from an instance (which may contain multiple
+ * values/holders for python-side multiple inheritance) that match the given type.  Throws an error
+ * if the given type (or ValueType, if omitted) is not a pybind11 base of the given instance.  If
+ * `find_type` is omitted (or explicitly specified as nullptr) the first value/holder are returned,
+ * regardless of type (and the resulting .type will be nullptr).
+ *
+ * The returned object should be short-lived: in particular, it must not outlive the called-upon
+ * instance.
+ */
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE value_and_holder
+instance::get_value_and_holder(const type_info *find_type /*= nullptr default in common.h*/,
+                               bool throw_if_missing /*= true in common.h*/) {
+    // Optimize common case:
+    if (!find_type || Py_TYPE(this) == find_type->type) {
+        return value_and_holder(this, find_type, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    detail::values_and_holders vhs(this);
+    auto it = vhs.find(find_type);
+    if (it != vhs.end()) {
+        return *it;
+    }
+
+    if (!throw_if_missing) {
+        return value_and_holder();
+    }
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+    pybind11_fail("pybind11::detail::instance::get_value_and_holder: `"
+                  + get_fully_qualified_tp_name(find_type->type)
+                  + "' is not a pybind11 base of the given `"
+                  + get_fully_qualified_tp_name(Py_TYPE(this)) + "' instance");
+#else
+    pybind11_fail(
+        "pybind11::detail::instance::get_value_and_holder: "
+        "type is not a pybind11 base of the given instance "
+        "(#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for type details)");
+#endif
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void instance::allocate_layout() {
+    const auto &tinfo = all_type_info(Py_TYPE(this));
+
+    const size_t n_types = tinfo.size();
+
+    if (n_types == 0) {
+        pybind11_fail(
+            "instance allocation failed: new instance has no pybind11-registered base types");
+    }
+
+    simple_layout
+        = n_types == 1 && tinfo.front()->holder_size_in_ptrs <= instance_simple_holder_in_ptrs();
+
+    // Simple path: no python-side multiple inheritance, and a small-enough holder
+    if (simple_layout) {
+        simple_value_holder[0] = nullptr;
+        simple_holder_constructed = false;
+        simple_instance_registered = false;
+    } else { // multiple base types or a too-large holder
+        // Allocate space to hold: [v1*][h1][v2*][h2]...[bb...] where [vN*] is a value pointer,
+        // [hN] is the (uninitialized) holder instance for value N, and [bb...] is a set of bool
+        // values that tracks whether each associated holder has been initialized.  Each [block] is
+        // padded, if necessary, to an integer multiple of sizeof(void *).
+        size_t space = 0;
+        for (auto *t : tinfo) {
+            space += 1;                      // value pointer
+            space += t->holder_size_in_ptrs; // holder instance
+        }
+        size_t flags_at = space;
+        space += size_in_ptrs(n_types); // status bytes (holder_constructed and
+                                        // instance_registered)
+
+        // Allocate space for flags, values, and holders, and initialize it to 0 (flags and values,
+        // in particular, need to be 0).  Use Python's memory allocation
+        // functions: Python is using pymalloc, which is designed to be
+        // efficient for small allocations like the one we're doing here;
+        // for larger allocations they are just wrappers around malloc.
+        // TODO: is this still true for pure Python 3.6?
+        nonsimple.values_and_holders = (void **) PyMem_Calloc(space, sizeof(void *));
+        if (!nonsimple.values_and_holders) {
+            throw std::bad_alloc();
+        }
+        nonsimple.status
+            = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t *>(&nonsimple.values_and_holders[flags_at]);
+    }
+    owned = true;
+}
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void instance::deallocate_layout() {
+    if (!simple_layout) {
+        PyMem_Free(reinterpret_cast<void *>(nonsimple.values_and_holders));
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE bool isinstance_generic(handle obj, const std::type_info &tp) {
+    handle type = detail::get_type_handle(tp, false);
+    if (!type) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return isinstance(obj, type);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE handle get_object_handle(const void *ptr, const detail::type_info *type) {
+    return with_instance_map(ptr, [&](instance_map &instances) {
+        auto range = instances.equal_range(ptr);
+        for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
+            for (const auto &vh : values_and_holders(it->second)) {
+                if (vh.type == type) {
+                    return handle((PyObject *) it->second);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return handle();
+    });
+}
+
+// Forward declarations
+void keep_alive_impl(handle nurse, handle patient);
+inline PyObject *make_new_instance(PyTypeObject *type);
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wredundant-decls")
+
+// PYBIND11:REMINDER: Needs refactoring of existing pybind11 code.
+inline bool deregister_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo);
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(smart_holder_type_caster_support)
+
+struct value_and_holder_helper {
+    value_and_holder loaded_v_h;
+
+    bool have_holder() const {
+        return loaded_v_h.vh != nullptr && loaded_v_h.holder_constructed();
+    }
+
+    smart_holder &holder() const { return loaded_v_h.holder<smart_holder>(); }
+
+    void throw_if_uninitialized_or_disowned_holder(const char *typeid_name) const {
+        static const std::string missing_value_msg = "Missing value for wrapped C++ type `";
+        if (!holder().is_populated) {
+            throw value_error(missing_value_msg + clean_type_id(typeid_name)
+                              + "`: Python instance is uninitialized.");
+        }
+        if (!holder().has_pointee()) {
+            throw value_error(missing_value_msg + clean_type_id(typeid_name)
+                              + "`: Python instance was disowned.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void throw_if_uninitialized_or_disowned_holder(const std::type_info &type_info) const {
+        throw_if_uninitialized_or_disowned_holder(type_info.name());
+    }
+
+    // have_holder() must be true or this function will fail.
+    void throw_if_instance_is_currently_owned_by_shared_ptr(const type_info *tinfo) const {
+        auto *vptr_gd_ptr = tinfo->get_memory_guarded_delete(holder().vptr);
+        if (vptr_gd_ptr != nullptr && !vptr_gd_ptr->released_ptr.expired()) {
+            throw value_error("Python instance is currently owned by a std::shared_ptr.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void *get_void_ptr_or_nullptr() const {
+        if (have_holder()) {
+            auto &hld = holder();
+            if (hld.is_populated && hld.has_pointee()) {
+                return hld.template as_raw_ptr_unowned<void>();
+            }
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+handle smart_holder_from_unique_ptr(std::unique_ptr<T, D> &&src,
+                                    return_value_policy policy,
+                                    handle parent,
+                                    const std::pair<const void *, const type_info *> &st) {
+    if (policy == return_value_policy::copy) {
+        throw cast_error("return_value_policy::copy is invalid for unique_ptr.");
+    }
+    if (!src) {
+        return none().release();
+    }
+    void *src_raw_void_ptr = const_cast<void *>(st.first);
+    assert(st.second != nullptr);
+    const detail::type_info *tinfo = st.second;
+    if (handle existing_inst = find_registered_python_instance(src_raw_void_ptr, tinfo)) {
+        auto *self_life_support = tinfo->get_trampoline_self_life_support(src.get());
+        if (self_life_support != nullptr) {
+            value_and_holder &v_h = self_life_support->v_h;
+            if (v_h.inst != nullptr && v_h.vh != nullptr) {
+                auto &holder = v_h.holder<smart_holder>();
+                if (!holder.is_disowned) {
+                    pybind11_fail("smart_holder_from_unique_ptr: unexpected "
+                                  "smart_holder.is_disowned failure.");
+                }
+                // Critical transfer-of-ownership section. This must stay together.
+                self_life_support->deactivate_life_support();
+                holder.reclaim_disowned(tinfo->get_memory_guarded_delete);
+                (void) src.release();
+                // Critical section end.
+                return existing_inst;
+            }
+        }
+        throw cast_error("Invalid unique_ptr: another instance owns this pointer already.");
+    }
+
+    auto inst = reinterpret_steal<object>(make_new_instance(tinfo->type));
+    auto *inst_raw_ptr = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(inst.ptr());
+    inst_raw_ptr->owned = true;
+    void *&valueptr = values_and_holders(inst_raw_ptr).begin()->value_ptr();
+    valueptr = src_raw_void_ptr;
+
+    if (static_cast<void *>(src.get()) == src_raw_void_ptr) {
+        // This is a multiple-inheritance situation that is incompatible with the current
+        // shared_from_this handling (see PR #3023). Is there a better solution?
+        src_raw_void_ptr = nullptr;
+    }
+    auto smhldr = smart_holder::from_unique_ptr(std::move(src), src_raw_void_ptr);
+    tinfo->init_instance(inst_raw_ptr, static_cast<const void *>(&smhldr));
+
+    if (policy == return_value_policy::reference_internal) {
+        keep_alive_impl(inst, parent);
+    }
+
+    return inst.release();
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+handle smart_holder_from_unique_ptr(std::unique_ptr<T const, D> &&src,
+                                    return_value_policy policy,
+                                    handle parent,
+                                    const std::pair<const void *, const type_info *> &st) {
+    return smart_holder_from_unique_ptr(
+        std::unique_ptr<T, D>(const_cast<T *>(src.release()),
+                              std::move(src.get_deleter())), // Const2Mutbl
+        policy,
+        parent,
+        st);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+handle smart_holder_from_shared_ptr(const std::shared_ptr<T> &src,
+                                    return_value_policy policy,
+                                    handle parent,
+                                    const std::pair<const void *, const type_info *> &st) {
+    switch (policy) {
+        case return_value_policy::automatic:
+        case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+            break;
+        case return_value_policy::take_ownership:
+            throw cast_error("Invalid return_value_policy for shared_ptr (take_ownership).");
+        case return_value_policy::copy:
+        case return_value_policy::move:
+            break;
+        case return_value_policy::reference:
+            throw cast_error("Invalid return_value_policy for shared_ptr (reference).");
+        case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+            break;
+    }
+    if (!src) {
+        return none().release();
+    }
+
+    auto src_raw_ptr = src.get();
+    assert(st.second != nullptr);
+    void *src_raw_void_ptr = static_cast<void *>(src_raw_ptr);
+    const detail::type_info *tinfo = st.second;
+    if (handle existing_inst = find_registered_python_instance(src_raw_void_ptr, tinfo)) {
+        // PYBIND11:REMINDER: MISSING: Enforcement of consistency with existing smart_holder.
+        // PYBIND11:REMINDER: MISSING: keep_alive.
+        return existing_inst;
+    }
+
+    auto inst = reinterpret_steal<object>(make_new_instance(tinfo->type));
+    auto *inst_raw_ptr = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(inst.ptr());
+    inst_raw_ptr->owned = true;
+    void *&valueptr = values_and_holders(inst_raw_ptr).begin()->value_ptr();
+    valueptr = src_raw_void_ptr;
+
+    auto smhldr
+        = smart_holder::from_shared_ptr(std::shared_ptr<void>(src, const_cast<void *>(st.first)));
+    tinfo->init_instance(inst_raw_ptr, static_cast<const void *>(&smhldr));
+
+    if (policy == return_value_policy::reference_internal) {
+        keep_alive_impl(inst, parent);
+    }
+
+    return inst.release();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+handle smart_holder_from_shared_ptr(const std::shared_ptr<T const> &src,
+                                    return_value_policy policy,
+                                    handle parent,
+                                    const std::pair<const void *, const type_info *> &st) {
+    return smart_holder_from_shared_ptr(std::const_pointer_cast<T>(src), // Const2Mutbl
+                                        policy,
+                                        parent,
+                                        st);
+}
+
+struct shared_ptr_parent_life_support {
+    PyObject *parent;
+    explicit shared_ptr_parent_life_support(PyObject *parent) : parent{parent} {
+        Py_INCREF(parent);
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+    void operator()(void *) {
+        gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+        Py_DECREF(parent);
+    }
+};
+
+struct shared_ptr_trampoline_self_life_support {
+    PyObject *self;
+    explicit shared_ptr_trampoline_self_life_support(instance *inst)
+        : self{reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(inst)} {
+        gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+        Py_INCREF(self);
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+    void operator()(void *) {
+        gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+        Py_DECREF(self);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T,
+          typename D,
+          typename std::enable_if<std::is_default_constructible<D>::value, int>::type = 0>
+inline std::unique_ptr<T, D> unique_with_deleter(T *raw_ptr, std::unique_ptr<D> &&deleter) {
+    if (deleter == nullptr) {
+        return std::unique_ptr<T, D>(raw_ptr);
+    }
+    return std::unique_ptr<T, D>(raw_ptr, std::move(*deleter));
+}
+
+template <typename T,
+          typename D,
+          typename std::enable_if<!std::is_default_constructible<D>::value, int>::type = 0>
+inline std::unique_ptr<T, D> unique_with_deleter(T *raw_ptr, std::unique_ptr<D> &&deleter) {
+    if (deleter == nullptr) {
+        pybind11_fail("smart_holder_type_casters: deleter is not default constructible and no"
+                      " instance available to return.");
+    }
+    return std::unique_ptr<T, D>(raw_ptr, std::move(*deleter));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+struct load_helper : value_and_holder_helper {
+    bool was_populated = false;
+    bool python_instance_is_alias = false;
+
+    void maybe_set_python_instance_is_alias(handle src) {
+        if (was_populated) {
+            python_instance_is_alias = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(src.ptr())->is_alias;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static std::shared_ptr<T> make_shared_ptr_with_responsible_parent(T *raw_ptr, handle parent) {
+        return std::shared_ptr<T>(raw_ptr, shared_ptr_parent_life_support(parent.ptr()));
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<T> load_as_shared_ptr(const type_info *tinfo,
+                                          void *void_raw_ptr,
+                                          handle responsible_parent = nullptr,
+                                          // to support py::potentially_slicing_weak_ptr
+                                          // with minimal added code complexity:
+                                          bool force_potentially_slicing_shared_ptr
+                                          = false) const {
+        if (!have_holder()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        throw_if_uninitialized_or_disowned_holder(typeid(T));
+        smart_holder &hld = holder();
+        hld.ensure_is_not_disowned("load_as_shared_ptr");
+        if (hld.vptr_is_using_noop_deleter) {
+            if (responsible_parent) {
+                return make_shared_ptr_with_responsible_parent(static_cast<T *>(void_raw_ptr),
+                                                               responsible_parent);
+            }
+            throw std::runtime_error("Non-owning holder (load_as_shared_ptr).");
+        }
+        auto *type_raw_ptr = static_cast<T *>(void_raw_ptr);
+        if (python_instance_is_alias && !force_potentially_slicing_shared_ptr) {
+            auto *vptr_gd_ptr = tinfo->get_memory_guarded_delete(holder().vptr);
+            if (vptr_gd_ptr != nullptr) {
+                std::shared_ptr<void> released_ptr = vptr_gd_ptr->released_ptr.lock();
+                if (released_ptr) {
+                    return std::shared_ptr<T>(released_ptr, type_raw_ptr);
+                }
+                std::shared_ptr<T> to_be_released(
+                    type_raw_ptr, shared_ptr_trampoline_self_life_support(loaded_v_h.inst));
+                vptr_gd_ptr->released_ptr = to_be_released;
+                return to_be_released;
+            }
+            auto *sptsls_ptr = std::get_deleter<shared_ptr_trampoline_self_life_support>(hld.vptr);
+            if (sptsls_ptr != nullptr) {
+                // This code is reachable only if there are multiple registered_instances for the
+                // same pointee.
+                if (reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(loaded_v_h.inst) == sptsls_ptr->self) {
+                    pybind11_fail("smart_holder_type_caster_support load_as_shared_ptr failure: "
+                                  "loaded_v_h.inst == sptsls_ptr->self");
+                }
+            }
+            if (sptsls_ptr != nullptr || !memory::type_has_shared_from_this(type_raw_ptr)) {
+                return std::shared_ptr<T>(
+                    type_raw_ptr, shared_ptr_trampoline_self_life_support(loaded_v_h.inst));
+            }
+            if (hld.vptr_is_external_shared_ptr) {
+                pybind11_fail("smart_holder_type_casters load_as_shared_ptr failure: not "
+                              "implemented: trampoline-self-life-support for external shared_ptr "
+                              "to type inheriting from std::enable_shared_from_this.");
+            }
+            pybind11_fail(
+                "smart_holder_type_casters: load_as_shared_ptr failure: internal inconsistency.");
+        }
+        std::shared_ptr<void> void_shd_ptr = hld.template as_shared_ptr<void>();
+        return std::shared_ptr<T>(void_shd_ptr, type_raw_ptr);
+    }
+
+    template <typename D>
+    std::unique_ptr<T, D> load_as_unique_ptr(const type_info *tinfo,
+                                             void *raw_void_ptr,
+                                             const char *context = "load_as_unique_ptr") {
+        if (!have_holder()) {
+            return unique_with_deleter<T, D>(nullptr, std::unique_ptr<D>());
+        }
+        throw_if_uninitialized_or_disowned_holder(typeid(T));
+        throw_if_instance_is_currently_owned_by_shared_ptr(tinfo);
+        holder().ensure_is_not_disowned(context);
+        holder().template ensure_compatible_uqp_del<T, D>(context);
+        holder().ensure_use_count_1(context);
+
+        T *raw_type_ptr = static_cast<T *>(raw_void_ptr);
+
+        auto *self_life_support = tinfo->get_trampoline_self_life_support(raw_type_ptr);
+        // This is enforced indirectly by a static_assert in the class_ implementation:
+        assert(!python_instance_is_alias || self_life_support);
+
+        std::unique_ptr<D> extracted_deleter
+            = holder().template extract_deleter<T, D>(context, tinfo->get_memory_guarded_delete);
+
+        // Critical transfer-of-ownership section. This must stay together.
+        if (self_life_support != nullptr) {
+            holder().disown(tinfo->get_memory_guarded_delete);
+        } else {
+            holder().release_ownership(tinfo->get_memory_guarded_delete);
+        }
+        auto result = unique_with_deleter<T, D>(raw_type_ptr, std::move(extracted_deleter));
+        if (self_life_support != nullptr) {
+            self_life_support->activate_life_support(loaded_v_h);
+        } else {
+            void *value_void_ptr = loaded_v_h.value_ptr();
+            loaded_v_h.value_ptr() = nullptr;
+            deregister_instance(loaded_v_h.inst, value_void_ptr, loaded_v_h.type);
+        }
+        // Critical section end.
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // This assumes load_as_shared_ptr succeeded(), and the returned shared_ptr is still alive.
+    // The returned unique_ptr is meant to never expire (the behavior is undefined otherwise).
+    template <typename D>
+    std::unique_ptr<T, D> load_as_const_unique_ptr(const type_info *tinfo,
+                                                   T *raw_type_ptr,
+                                                   const char *context
+                                                   = "load_as_const_unique_ptr") {
+        if (!have_holder()) {
+            return unique_with_deleter<T, D>(nullptr, std::unique_ptr<D>());
+        }
+        holder().template ensure_compatible_uqp_del<T, D>(context);
+        return unique_with_deleter<T, D>(raw_type_ptr,
+                                         std::move(holder().template extract_deleter<T, D>(
+                                             context, tinfo->get_memory_guarded_delete)));
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(smart_holder_type_caster_support)
+
+class type_caster_generic {
+public:
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE explicit type_caster_generic(const std::type_info &type_info)
+        : typeinfo(get_type_info(type_info)), cpptype(&type_info) {}
+
+    explicit type_caster_generic(const type_info *typeinfo)
+        : typeinfo(typeinfo), cpptype(typeinfo ? typeinfo->cpptype : nullptr) {}
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) { return load_impl<type_caster_generic>(src, convert); }
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE static handle cast(const void *_src,
+                                         return_value_policy policy,
+                                         handle parent,
+                                         const detail::type_info *tinfo,
+                                         void *(*copy_constructor)(const void *),
+                                         void *(*move_constructor)(const void *),
+                                         const void *existing_holder = nullptr) {
+        if (!tinfo) { // no type info: error will be set already
+            return handle();
+        }
+
+        void *src = const_cast<void *>(_src);
+        if (src == nullptr) {
+            return none().release();
+        }
+
+        if (handle registered_inst = find_registered_python_instance(src, tinfo)) {
+            return registered_inst;
+        }
+
+        auto inst = reinterpret_steal<object>(make_new_instance(tinfo->type));
+        auto *wrapper = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(inst.ptr());
+        wrapper->owned = false;
+        void *&valueptr = values_and_holders(wrapper).begin()->value_ptr();
+
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+            case return_value_policy::take_ownership:
+                valueptr = src;
+                wrapper->owned = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+                valueptr = src;
+                wrapper->owned = false;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                if (copy_constructor) {
+                    valueptr = copy_constructor(src);
+                } else {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+                    std::string type_name(tinfo->cpptype->name());
+                    detail::clean_type_id(type_name);
+                    throw cast_error("return_value_policy = copy, but type " + type_name
+                                     + " is non-copyable!");
+#else
+                    throw cast_error("return_value_policy = copy, but type is "
+                                     "non-copyable! (#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or "
+                                     "compile in debug mode for details)");
+#endif
+                }
+                wrapper->owned = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::move:
+                if (move_constructor) {
+                    valueptr = move_constructor(src);
+                } else if (copy_constructor) {
+                    valueptr = copy_constructor(src);
+                } else {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+                    std::string type_name(tinfo->cpptype->name());
+                    detail::clean_type_id(type_name);
+                    throw cast_error("return_value_policy = move, but type " + type_name
+                                     + " is neither movable nor copyable!");
+#else
+                    throw cast_error("return_value_policy = move, but type is neither "
+                                     "movable nor copyable! "
+                                     "(#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in "
+                                     "debug mode for details)");
+#endif
+                }
+                wrapper->owned = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                valueptr = src;
+                wrapper->owned = false;
+                keep_alive_impl(inst, parent);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                throw cast_error("unhandled return_value_policy: should not happen!");
+        }
+
+        tinfo->init_instance(wrapper, existing_holder);
+
+        return inst.release();
+    }
+
+    // Base methods for generic caster; there are overridden in copyable_holder_caster
+    void load_value(value_and_holder &&v_h) {
+        if (typeinfo->holder_enum_v == detail::holder_enum_t::smart_holder) {
+            smart_holder_type_caster_support::value_and_holder_helper v_h_helper;
+            v_h_helper.loaded_v_h = v_h;
+            if (v_h_helper.have_holder()) {
+                v_h_helper.throw_if_uninitialized_or_disowned_holder(cpptype->name());
+                value = v_h_helper.holder().template as_raw_ptr_unowned<void>();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        auto *&vptr = v_h.value_ptr();
+        // Lazy allocation for unallocated values:
+        if (vptr == nullptr) {
+            const auto *type = v_h.type ? v_h.type : typeinfo;
+            if (type->operator_new) {
+                vptr = type->operator_new(type->type_size);
+            } else {
+#if defined(__cpp_aligned_new) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1912)
+                if (type->type_align > __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__) {
+                    vptr = ::operator new(type->type_size, std::align_val_t(type->type_align));
+                } else {
+                    vptr = ::operator new(type->type_size);
+                }
+#else
+                vptr = ::operator new(type->type_size);
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+        value = vptr;
+    }
+    bool try_implicit_casts(handle src, bool convert) {
+        for (const auto &cast : typeinfo->implicit_casts) {
+            type_caster_generic sub_caster(*cast.first);
+            if (sub_caster.load(src, convert)) {
+                value = cast.second(sub_caster.value);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool try_direct_conversions(handle src) {
+        for (auto &converter : *typeinfo->direct_conversions) {
+            if (converter(src.ptr(), value)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool try_cpp_conduit(handle src) {
+        value = try_raw_pointer_ephemeral_from_cpp_conduit(src, cpptype);
+        if (value != nullptr) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    void check_holder_compat() {}
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE static void *local_load(PyObject *src, const type_info *ti) {
+        auto caster = type_caster_generic(ti);
+        if (caster.load(src, false)) {
+            return caster.value;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// Try to load with foreign typeinfo, if available. Used when there is no
+    /// native typeinfo, or when the native one wasn't able to produce a value.
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE bool try_load_foreign_module_local(handle src) {
+        constexpr auto *local_key = PYBIND11_MODULE_LOCAL_ID;
+        const auto pytype = type::handle_of(src);
+        if (!hasattr(pytype, local_key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        type_info *foreign_typeinfo = reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(getattr(pytype, local_key));
+        // Only consider this foreign loader if actually foreign and is a loader of the correct cpp
+        // type
+        if (foreign_typeinfo->module_local_load == &local_load
+            || (cpptype && !same_type(*cpptype, *foreign_typeinfo->cpptype))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (auto *result = foreign_typeinfo->module_local_load(src.ptr(), foreign_typeinfo)) {
+            value = result;
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Implementation of `load`; this takes the type of `this` so that it can dispatch the relevant
+    // bits of code between here and copyable_holder_caster where the two classes need different
+    // logic (without having to resort to virtual inheritance).
+    template <typename ThisT>
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE bool load_impl(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!typeinfo) {
+            return try_load_foreign_module_local(src);
+        }
+
+        auto &this_ = static_cast<ThisT &>(*this);
+        this_.check_holder_compat();
+
+        PyTypeObject *srctype = Py_TYPE(src.ptr());
+
+        // Case 1: If src is an exact type match for the target type then we can reinterpret_cast
+        // the instance's value pointer to the target type:
+        if (srctype == typeinfo->type) {
+            this_.load_value(reinterpret_cast<instance *>(src.ptr())->get_value_and_holder());
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Case 2: We have a derived class
+        if (PyType_IsSubtype(srctype, typeinfo->type)) {
+            const auto &bases = all_type_info(srctype);
+            bool no_cpp_mi = typeinfo->simple_type;
+
+            // Case 2a: the python type is a Python-inherited derived class that inherits from just
+            // one simple (no MI) pybind11 class, or is an exact match, so the C++ instance is of
+            // the right type and we can use reinterpret_cast.
+            // (This is essentially the same as case 2b, but because not using multiple inheritance
+            // is extremely common, we handle it specially to avoid the loop iterator and type
+            // pointer lookup overhead)
+            if (bases.size() == 1 && (no_cpp_mi || bases.front()->type == typeinfo->type)) {
+                this_.load_value(reinterpret_cast<instance *>(src.ptr())->get_value_and_holder());
+                return true;
+            }
+            // Case 2b: the python type inherits from multiple C++ bases.  Check the bases to see
+            // if we can find an exact match (or, for a simple C++ type, an inherited match); if
+            // so, we can safely reinterpret_cast to the relevant pointer.
+            if (bases.size() > 1) {
+                for (auto *base : bases) {
+                    if (no_cpp_mi ? PyType_IsSubtype(base->type, typeinfo->type)
+                                  : base->type == typeinfo->type) {
+                        this_.load_value(
+                            reinterpret_cast<instance *>(src.ptr())->get_value_and_holder(base));
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Case 2c: C++ multiple inheritance is involved and we couldn't find an exact type
+            // match in the registered bases, above, so try implicit casting (needed for proper C++
+            // casting when MI is involved).
+            if (this_.try_implicit_casts(src, convert)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Perform an implicit conversion
+        if (convert) {
+            for (const auto &converter : typeinfo->implicit_conversions) {
+                auto temp = reinterpret_steal<object>(converter(src.ptr(), typeinfo->type));
+                if (load_impl<ThisT>(temp, false)) {
+                    loader_life_support::add_patient(temp);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            if (this_.try_direct_conversions(src)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Failed to match local typeinfo. Try again with global.
+        if (typeinfo->module_local) {
+            if (auto *gtype = get_global_type_info(*typeinfo->cpptype)) {
+                typeinfo = gtype;
+                return load(src, false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Global typeinfo has precedence over foreign module_local
+        if (try_load_foreign_module_local(src)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Custom converters didn't take None, now we convert None to nullptr.
+        if (src.is_none()) {
+            // Defer accepting None to other overloads (if we aren't in convert mode):
+            if (!convert) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            value = nullptr;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (convert && cpptype && this_.try_cpp_conduit(src)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Called to do type lookup and wrap the pointer and type in a pair when a dynamic_cast
+    // isn't needed or can't be used.  If the type is unknown, sets the error and returns a pair
+    // with .second = nullptr.  (p.first = nullptr is not an error: it becomes None).
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE static std::pair<const void *, const type_info *>
+    src_and_type(const void *src,
+                 const std::type_info &cast_type,
+                 const std::type_info *rtti_type = nullptr) {
+        if (auto *tpi = get_type_info(cast_type)) {
+            return {src, const_cast<const type_info *>(tpi)};
+        }
+
+        // Not found, set error:
+        std::string tname = rtti_type ? rtti_type->name() : cast_type.name();
+        detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+        std::string msg = "Unregistered type : " + tname;
+        set_error(PyExc_TypeError, msg.c_str());
+        return {nullptr, nullptr};
+    }
+
+    const type_info *typeinfo = nullptr;
+    const std::type_info *cpptype = nullptr;
+    void *value = nullptr;
+};
+
+inline object cpp_conduit_method(handle self,
+                                 const bytes &pybind11_platform_abi_id,
+                                 const capsule &cpp_type_info_capsule,
+                                 const bytes &pointer_kind) {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+    using cpp_str = std::string_view;
+#else
+    using cpp_str = std::string;
+#endif
+    if (cpp_str(pybind11_platform_abi_id) != PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID) {
+        return none();
+    }
+    if (std::strcmp(cpp_type_info_capsule.name(), typeid(std::type_info).name()) != 0) {
+        return none();
+    }
+    if (cpp_str(pointer_kind) != "raw_pointer_ephemeral") {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid pointer_kind: \"" + std::string(pointer_kind) + "\"");
+    }
+    const auto *cpp_type_info = cpp_type_info_capsule.get_pointer<const std::type_info>();
+    type_caster_generic caster(*cpp_type_info);
+    if (!caster.load(self, false)) {
+        return none();
+    }
+    return capsule(caster.value, cpp_type_info->name());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine suitable casting operator for pointer-or-lvalue-casting type casters.  The type caster
+ * needs to provide `operator T*()` and `operator T&()` operators.
+ *
+ * If the type supports moving the value away via an `operator T&&() &&` method, it should use
+ * `movable_cast_op_type` instead.
+ */
+template <typename T>
+using cast_op_type = conditional_t<std::is_pointer<remove_reference_t<T>>::value,
+                                   typename std::add_pointer<intrinsic_t<T>>::type,
+                                   typename std::add_lvalue_reference<intrinsic_t<T>>::type>;
+
+/**
+ * Determine suitable casting operator for a type caster with a movable value.  Such a type caster
+ * needs to provide `operator T*()`, `operator T&()`, and `operator T&&() &&`.  The latter will be
+ * called in appropriate contexts where the value can be moved rather than copied.
+ *
+ * These operator are automatically provided when using the PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER macro.
+ */
+template <typename T>
+using movable_cast_op_type
+    = conditional_t<std::is_pointer<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::value,
+                    typename std::add_pointer<intrinsic_t<T>>::type,
+                    conditional_t<std::is_rvalue_reference<T>::value,
+                                  typename std::add_rvalue_reference<intrinsic_t<T>>::type,
+                                  typename std::add_lvalue_reference<intrinsic_t<T>>::type>>;
+
+// Does the container have a mapped type and is it recursive?
+// Implemented by specializations below.
+template <typename Container, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct container_mapped_type_traits {
+    static constexpr bool has_mapped_type = false;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_mapped_type = false;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct container_mapped_type_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        std::is_same<typename Container::mapped_type, Container>::value>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool has_mapped_type = true;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_mapped_type = true;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct container_mapped_type_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        negation<std::is_same<typename Container::mapped_type, Container>>::value>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool has_mapped_type = true;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_mapped_type = false;
+};
+
+// Does the container have a value type and is it recursive?
+// Implemented by specializations below.
+template <typename Container, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct container_value_type_traits : std::false_type {
+    static constexpr bool has_value_type = false;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_value_type = false;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct container_value_type_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        std::is_same<typename Container::value_type, Container>::value>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool has_value_type = true;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_value_type = true;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct container_value_type_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        negation<std::is_same<typename Container::value_type, Container>>::value>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool has_value_type = true;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_value_type = false;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Tag to be used for representing the bottom of recursively defined types.
+ * Define this tag so we don't have to use void.
+ */
+struct recursive_bottom {};
+
+/*
+ * Implementation detail of `recursive_container_traits` below.
+ * `T` is the `value_type` of the container, which might need to be modified to
+ * avoid recursive types and const types.
+ */
+template <typename T, bool is_this_a_map>
+struct impl_type_to_check_recursively {
+    /*
+     * If the container is recursive, then no further recursion should be done.
+     */
+    using if_recursive = recursive_bottom;
+    /*
+     * Otherwise yield `T` unchanged.
+     */
+    using if_not_recursive = T;
+};
+
+/*
+ * For pairs - only as value type of a map -, the first type should remove the `const`.
+ * Also, if the map is recursive, then the recursive checking should consider
+ * the first type only.
+ */
+template <typename A, typename B>
+struct impl_type_to_check_recursively<std::pair<A, B>, /* is_this_a_map = */ true> {
+    using if_recursive = typename std::remove_const<A>::type;
+    using if_not_recursive = std::pair<typename std::remove_const<A>::type, B>;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Implementation of `recursive_container_traits` below.
+ */
+template <typename Container, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct impl_recursive_container_traits {
+    using type_to_check_recursively = recursive_bottom;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct impl_recursive_container_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<container_value_type_traits<Container>::has_value_type>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool is_recursive
+        = container_mapped_type_traits<Container>::has_recursive_mapped_type
+          || container_value_type_traits<Container>::has_recursive_value_type;
+    /*
+     * This member dictates which type Pybind11 should check recursively in traits
+     * such as `is_move_constructible`, `is_copy_constructible`, `is_move_assignable`, ...
+     * Direct access to `value_type` should be avoided:
+     * 1. `value_type` might recursively contain the type again
+     * 2. `value_type` of STL map types is `std::pair<A const, B>`, the `const`
+     *    should be removed.
+     *
+     */
+    using type_to_check_recursively = typename std::conditional<
+        is_recursive,
+        typename impl_type_to_check_recursively<
+            typename Container::value_type,
+            container_mapped_type_traits<Container>::has_mapped_type>::if_recursive,
+        typename impl_type_to_check_recursively<
+            typename Container::value_type,
+            container_mapped_type_traits<Container>::has_mapped_type>::if_not_recursive>::type;
+};
+
+/*
+ * This trait defines the `type_to_check_recursively` which is needed to properly
+ * handle recursively defined traits such as `is_move_constructible` without going
+ * into an infinite recursion.
+ * Should be used instead of directly accessing the `value_type`.
+ * It cancels the recursion by returning the `recursive_bottom` tag.
+ *
+ * The default definition of `type_to_check_recursively` is as follows:
+ *
+ * 1. By default, it is `recursive_bottom`, so that the recursion is canceled.
+ * 2. If the type is non-recursive and defines a `value_type`, then the `value_type` is used.
+ *    If the `value_type` is a pair and a `mapped_type` is defined,
+ *    then the `const` is removed from the first type.
+ * 3. If the type is recursive and `value_type` is not a pair, then `recursive_bottom` is returned.
+ * 4. If the type is recursive and `value_type` is a pair and a `mapped_type` is defined,
+ *    then `const` is removed from the first type and the first type is returned.
+ *
+ * This behavior can be extended by the user as seen in test_stl_binders.cpp.
+ *
+ * This struct is exactly the same as impl_recursive_container_traits.
+ * The duplication achieves that user-defined specializations don't compete
+ * with internal specializations, but take precedence.
+ */
+template <typename Container, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct recursive_container_traits : impl_recursive_container_traits<Container> {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_move_constructible
+    : all_of<std::is_move_constructible<T>,
+             is_move_constructible<
+                 typename recursive_container_traits<T>::type_to_check_recursively>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct is_move_constructible<recursive_bottom> : std::true_type {};
+
+// Likewise for std::pair
+// (after C++17 it is mandatory that the move constructor not exist when the two types aren't
+// themselves move constructible, but this can not be relied upon when T1 or T2 are themselves
+// containers).
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_move_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>>
+    : all_of<is_move_constructible<T1>, is_move_constructible<T2>> {};
+
+// std::is_copy_constructible isn't quite enough: it lets std::vector<T> (and similar) through when
+// T is non-copyable, but code containing such a copy constructor fails to actually compile.
+template <typename T>
+struct is_copy_constructible
+    : all_of<std::is_copy_constructible<T>,
+             is_copy_constructible<
+                 typename recursive_container_traits<T>::type_to_check_recursively>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct is_copy_constructible<recursive_bottom> : std::true_type {};
+
+// Likewise for std::pair
+// (after C++17 it is mandatory that the copy constructor not exist when the two types aren't
+// themselves copy constructible, but this can not be relied upon when T1 or T2 are themselves
+// containers).
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_copy_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>>
+    : all_of<is_copy_constructible<T1>, is_copy_constructible<T2>> {};
+
+// The same problems arise with std::is_copy_assignable, so we use the same workaround.
+template <typename T>
+struct is_copy_assignable
+    : all_of<
+          std::is_copy_assignable<T>,
+          is_copy_assignable<typename recursive_container_traits<T>::type_to_check_recursively>> {
+};
+
+template <>
+struct is_copy_assignable<recursive_bottom> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_copy_assignable<std::pair<T1, T2>>
+    : all_of<is_copy_assignable<T1>, is_copy_assignable<T2>> {};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+// polymorphic_type_hook<itype>::get(src, tinfo) determines whether the object pointed
+// to by `src` actually is an instance of some class derived from `itype`.
+// If so, it sets `tinfo` to point to the std::type_info representing that derived
+// type, and returns a pointer to the start of the most-derived object of that type
+// (in which `src` is a subobject; this will be the same address as `src` in most
+// single inheritance cases). If not, or if `src` is nullptr, it simply returns `src`
+// and leaves `tinfo` at its default value of nullptr.
+//
+// The default polymorphic_type_hook just returns src. A specialization for polymorphic
+// types determines the runtime type of the passed object and adjusts the this-pointer
+// appropriately via dynamic_cast<void*>. This is what enables a C++ Animal* to appear
+// to Python as a Dog (if Dog inherits from Animal, Animal is polymorphic, Dog is
+// registered with pybind11, and this Animal is in fact a Dog).
+//
+// You may specialize polymorphic_type_hook yourself for types that want to appear
+// polymorphic to Python but do not use C++ RTTI. (This is a not uncommon pattern
+// in performance-sensitive applications, used most notably in LLVM.)
+//
+// polymorphic_type_hook_base allows users to specialize polymorphic_type_hook with
+// std::enable_if. User provided specializations will always have higher priority than
+// the default implementation and specialization provided in polymorphic_type_hook_base.
+template <typename itype, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct polymorphic_type_hook_base {
+    static const void *get(const itype *src, const std::type_info *&) { return src; }
+};
+template <typename itype>
+struct polymorphic_type_hook_base<itype, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_polymorphic<itype>::value>> {
+    static const void *get(const itype *src, const std::type_info *&type) {
+        type = src ? &typeid(*src) : nullptr;
+        return dynamic_cast<const void *>(src);
+    }
+};
+template <typename itype, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct polymorphic_type_hook : public polymorphic_type_hook_base<itype> {};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Generic type caster for objects stored on the heap
+template <typename type>
+class type_caster_base : public type_caster_generic {
+    using itype = intrinsic_t<type>;
+
+public:
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<type>();
+
+    type_caster_base() : type_caster_base(typeid(type)) {}
+    explicit type_caster_base(const std::type_info &info) : type_caster_generic(info) {}
+
+    static handle cast(const itype &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast(std::addressof(src), policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(itype &&src, return_value_policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast(std::addressof(src), return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+
+    // Returns a (pointer, type_info) pair taking care of necessary type lookup for a
+    // polymorphic type (using RTTI by default, but can be overridden by specializing
+    // polymorphic_type_hook). If the instance isn't derived, returns the base version.
+    static std::pair<const void *, const type_info *> src_and_type(const itype *src) {
+        const auto &cast_type = typeid(itype);
+        const std::type_info *instance_type = nullptr;
+        const void *vsrc = polymorphic_type_hook<itype>::get(src, instance_type);
+        if (instance_type && !same_type(cast_type, *instance_type)) {
+            // This is a base pointer to a derived type. If the derived type is registered
+            // with pybind11, we want to make the full derived object available.
+            // In the typical case where itype is polymorphic, we get the correct
+            // derived pointer (which may be != base pointer) by a dynamic_cast to
+            // most derived type. If itype is not polymorphic, we won't get here
+            // except via a user-provided specialization of polymorphic_type_hook,
+            // and the user has promised that no this-pointer adjustment is
+            // required in that case, so it's OK to use static_cast.
+            if (const auto *tpi = get_type_info(*instance_type)) {
+                return {vsrc, tpi};
+            }
+        }
+        // Otherwise we have either a nullptr, an `itype` pointer, or an unknown derived pointer,
+        // so don't do a cast
+        return type_caster_generic::src_and_type(src, cast_type, instance_type);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const itype *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        auto st = src_and_type(src);
+        return type_caster_generic::cast(st.first,
+                                         policy,
+                                         parent,
+                                         st.second,
+                                         make_copy_constructor(src),
+                                         make_move_constructor(src));
+    }
+
+    static handle cast_holder(const itype *src, const void *holder) {
+        auto st = src_and_type(src);
+        return type_caster_generic::cast(st.first,
+                                         return_value_policy::take_ownership,
+                                         {},
+                                         st.second,
+                                         nullptr,
+                                         nullptr,
+                                         holder);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = detail::cast_op_type<T>;
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator itype *() { return (type *) value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator itype &() {
+        if (!value) {
+            throw reference_cast_error();
+        }
+        return *((itype *) value);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    using Constructor = void *(*) (const void *);
+
+    /* Only enabled when the types are {copy,move}-constructible *and* when the type
+       does not have a private operator new implementation. A comma operator is used in the
+       decltype argument to apply SFINAE to the public copy/move constructors.*/
+    template <typename T, typename = enable_if_t<is_copy_constructible<T>::value>>
+    static auto make_copy_constructor(const T *)
+        -> decltype(new T(std::declval<const T>()), Constructor{}) {
+        return [](const void *arg) -> void * { return new T(*reinterpret_cast<const T *>(arg)); };
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename = enable_if_t<is_move_constructible<T>::value>>
+    static auto make_move_constructor(const T *)
+        -> decltype(new T(std::declval<T &&>()), Constructor{}) {
+        return [](const void *arg) -> void * {
+            return new T(std::move(*const_cast<T *>(reinterpret_cast<const T *>(arg))));
+        };
+    }
+
+    static Constructor make_copy_constructor(...) { return nullptr; }
+    static Constructor make_move_constructor(...) { return nullptr; }
+};
+
+inline std::string quote_cpp_type_name(const std::string &cpp_type_name) {
+    return cpp_type_name; // No-op for now. See PR #4888
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE std::string type_info_description(const std::type_info &ti) {
+    if (auto *type_data = get_type_info(ti)) {
+        handle th((PyObject *) type_data->type);
+        return th.attr("__module__").cast<std::string>() + '.'
+               + th.attr("__qualname__").cast<std::string>();
+    }
+    return quote_cpp_type_name(clean_type_id(ti.name()));
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)