multipers 2.2.3__cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl → 2.3.1__cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl

multipers/simplex_tree_multi.pyx.tp

@@ -1,1935 +1,1947 @@
-{{py:
-
-"""
-Templated simplextree multi
-"""
-
-import pickle 
-with open("build/tmp/_simplextrees_.pkl", "rb") as f:
-    to_iter = pickle.load(f)
-
-st_map = {}
-for CTYPE,PYTYPE, SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter:
-    st_map[PYTYPE, is_kcritical] = CTYPE
-
-}}
-
-
-
-
-# This file is part of the Gudhi Library - https://gudhi.inria.fr/ - which is released under MIT.
-# See file LICENSE or go to https://gudhi.inria.fr/licensing/ for full license details.
-# Author(s):       Vincent Rouvreau
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2016 Inria
-#
-# Modification(s):
-#  - 2023 David Loiseaux : Conversions with standard simplextree, scc2020 format, edge collapses, euler characteristic, grid filtrations.
-#  - 2022/11 Hannah Schreiber / David Loiseaux : adapt for multipersistence. 
-#   - YYYY/MM Author: Description of the modification
-
-
-
-__author__ = "Vincent Rouvreau"
-__copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2016 Inria"
-__license__ = "MIT"
-
-from libc.stdint cimport intptr_t, int32_t, int64_t
-from cython.operator import dereference, preincrement
-from libc.stdint cimport intptr_t
-from libc.stdint cimport uintptr_t, intptr_t
-from libcpp.map cimport map
-from libcpp.utility cimport pair
-
-ctypedef fused some_int:
-    int32_t
-    int64_t
-    int
-
-ctypedef fused some_float:
-    float
-    double
-    int32_t
-    int64_t
-
-ctypedef vector[pair[pair[int,int],pair[float,float]]] edge_list_type
-
-from typing import Any, Union, ClassVar
-
-cimport numpy as cnp
-import numpy as np
-cnp.import_array()
-
-from multipers.simplex_tree_multi cimport *
-from multipers.filtration_conversions cimport *
-cimport cython
-from gudhi.simplex_tree import SimplexTree ## Small hack for typing
-from typing import Iterable,Literal,Optional
-from tqdm import tqdm
-import multipers.grids as mpg
-
-from multipers.point_measure import signed_betti, rank_decomposition_by_rectangles, sparsify
-
-from warnings import warn
-
-SAFE_CONVERSION=False #Slower but at least it works everywhere
-
-_available_strategies =mpg.Lstrategies
-
-
-
-{{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-
-
-
-ctypedef {{Filtration}} {{FSHORT}} 
-
-
-
-# SimplexTree python interface
-cdef class SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-    """The simplex tree is an efficient and flexible data structure for
-    representing general (filtered) simplicial complexes. The data structure
-    is described in Jean-Daniel Boissonnat and Clément Maria. The Simplex
-    Tree: An Efficient Data Structure for General Simplicial Complexes.
-    Algorithmica, pages 1–22, 2014.
-
-    This class is a multi-filtered, with keys, and non contiguous vertices version
-    of the simplex tree. 
-    """
-    cdef public intptr_t thisptr
-
-    cdef public vector[vector[double]] filtration_grid
-    cdef public bool _is_function_simplextree 
-    # Get the pointer casted as it should be
-    cdef Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]* get_ptr(self) noexcept nogil:
-        return <Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>(self.thisptr)
-
-    # cdef Simplex_tree_persistence_interface * pcohptr
-    # Fake constructor that does nothing but documenting the constructor
-    def __init__(self, other = None, num_parameters:int=2,default_values=[], safe_conversion=False):
-        """SimplexTreeMulti constructor.
-
-        :param other: If `other` is `None` (default value), an empty `SimplexTreeMulti` is created.
-            If `other` is a `SimplexTree`, the `SimplexTreeMulti` is constructed from a deep copy of `other`.
-            If `other` is a `SimplexTreeMulti`, the `SimplexTreeMulti` is constructed from a deep copy of `other`.
-        :type other: SimplexTree or SimplexTreeMulti (Optional)
-        :param num_parameters: The number of parameter of the multi-parameter filtration.
-        :type num_parameters: int
-        :returns: An empty or a copy simplex tree.
-        :rtype: SimplexTreeMulti
-
-        :raises TypeError: In case `other` is neither `None`, nor a `SimplexTree`, nor a `SimplexTreeMulti`.
-        """
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    cdef {{CTYPE}} T_minus_inf():
-          {{if SHORT[0] == 'f'}}
-      return <{{CTYPE}}>(-np.inf)
-          {{else}}
-      return <{{CTYPE}}>(np.iinfo({{PYTYPE}}).min)
-          {{endif}}
-    @staticmethod
-    cdef {{CTYPE}} T_inf():
-          {{if SHORT[0] == 'f'}}
-      return <{{CTYPE}}>(np.inf)
-          {{else}}
-      return <{{CTYPE}}>(np.iinfo({{PYTYPE}}).max)
-          {{endif}}
-    @property
-    def is_kcritical(self)->bool:
-      return {{is_kcritical}}
-    # The real cython constructor
-    def __cinit__(self, other = None, int num_parameters=2, 
-                  default_values=np.asarray([SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}.T_minus_inf()]), # I'm not sure why `[]` does not work. Cython bug ? 
-                  bool safe_conversion=False,
-                  ): #TODO doc
-        {{if is_kcritical}}
-        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_default_values = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray([default_values], dtype= {{PYTYPE}}))
-        {{else}}
-        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_default_values = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(default_values, dtype={{PYTYPE}}))
-        {{endif}}
-        cdef intptr_t other_ptr
-        cdef char[:] buffer
-        cdef size_t buffer_size
-        cdef char* buffer_start
-        if other is not None:
-            if isinstance(other, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
-                other_ptr = other.thisptr
-                self.thisptr = <intptr_t>(new Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}](dereference(<Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>other_ptr))) ## prevents calling destructor of other
-                num_parameters = other.num_parameters
-                self.filtration_grid = other.filtration_grid
-            elif isinstance(other, SimplexTree): # Constructs a SimplexTreeMulti from a SimplexTree
-                self.thisptr = <intptr_t>(new Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]())
-                if safe_conversion or SAFE_CONVERSION:
-                    new_st_multi  = _safe_simplextree_multify_{{FSHORT}}(other, num_parameters = num_parameters, default_values=np.asarray(default_values))
-                    self.thisptr, new_st_multi.thisptr = new_st_multi.thisptr, self.thisptr
-                else:
-                    stree_buffer = other.__getstate__()
-                    buffer = stree_buffer
-                    buffer_size = buffer.shape[0]
-                    buffer_start = &buffer[0]
-
-                    with nogil:
-                        self.get_ptr().from_std(buffer_start, buffer_size, num_parameters, c_default_values)
-            else:
-                raise TypeError("`other` argument requires to be of type `SimplexTree`, `SimplexTreeMulti`, or `None`.")
-        else:
-            self.thisptr = <intptr_t>(new Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]())
-        self.get_ptr().set_number_of_parameters(num_parameters)
-        self._is_function_simplextree = False
-        self.filtration_grid=[[]*num_parameters]
-
-    def __dealloc__(self):
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}},{{CTYPE}}]* ptr = self.get_ptr()
-        if ptr != NULL:
-            del ptr
-            # TODO : is that enough ??
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f"SimplexTreeMulti[dtype={np.dtype(self.dtype).name},num_param={self.num_parameters},kcritical={self.is_kcritical},is_squeezed={self.is_squeezed},max_dim={self.dimension}]" 
-    def __getstate__(self):
-        """:returns: Serialized (or flattened) SimplexTree data structure in order to pickle SimplexTree.
-        :rtype: numpy.array of shape (n,)
-        """
-        cdef size_t buffer_size = self.get_ptr().get_serialization_size()
-        # Let's use numpy to allocate a buffer. Will be deleted automatically
-        np_buffer = np.empty(buffer_size, dtype='B')
-        cdef char[:] buffer = np_buffer
-        cdef char* buffer_start = &buffer[0]
-        with nogil:
-            self.get_ptr().serialize(buffer_start, buffer_size)
-        
-        return np_buffer
-    def __setstate__(self, state):
-        """Construct the SimplexTree data structure from a Numpy Array (cf. :func:`~gudhi.SimplexTree.__getstate__`)
-        in order to unpickle a SimplexTree.
-        
-        :param state: Serialized SimplexTree data structure
-        :type state: numpy.array of shape (n,)
-        """
-        cdef char[:] buffer = state
-        cdef size_t buffer_size = state.shape[0]
-        cdef char* buffer_start = &buffer[0]
-        with nogil:
-            # deserialization requires an empty SimplexTree
-            self.get_ptr().clear()
-            # New pointer is a deserialized simplex tree
-            self.get_ptr().deserialize(buffer_start, buffer_size)
-
-
-    def copy(self)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """
-        :returns: A simplex tree that is a deep copy of itself.
-        :rtype: SimplexTreeMulti
-
-        :note: The persistence information is not copied. If you need it in the clone, you have to call
-            :func:`compute_persistence` on it even if you had already computed it in the original.
-        """
-        stree = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(self,num_parameters=self.num_parameters)
-        stree.filtration_grid = self.filtration_grid
-        stree._is_function_simplextree  = self._is_function_simplextree
-        return stree
-
-    def __deepcopy__(self):
-        return self.copy()
-
-    def filtration(self, simplex:list|np.ndarray)->np.ndarray:
-        """This function returns the filtration value for a given N-simplex in
-        this simplicial complex, or +infinity if it is not in the complex.
-        :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
-        :type simplex: list of int
-        :returns:  The simplicial complex multi-critical filtration value.
-        :rtype:  numpy array of shape (-1, num_parameters)
-        """
-        return self[simplex]
-
-    def assign_filtration(self, simplex:list|np.ndarray, filtration:list|np.ndarray)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """This function assigns a new multi-critical filtration value to a
-        given N-simplex.
-
-        :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
-        :type simplex: list of int
-        :param filtration:  The new filtration(s) value(s), concatenated.
-        :type filtration:  list[float] or np.ndarray[float, ndim=1]
-
-        .. note::
-            Beware that after this operation, the structure may not be a valid
-            filtration anymore, a simplex could have a lower filtration value
-            than one of its faces. Callers are responsible for fixing this
-            (with more :meth:`assign_filtration` or
-             :meth:`make_filtration_non_decreasing` for instance) before calling
-            any function that relies on the filtration property, like
-            :meth:`persistence`.
-        """
-        assert len(filtration)>0 and len(filtration) % self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters() == 0
-        # self.get_ptr().assign_simplex_filtration(simplex, {{FSHORT}}(<python_filtration_type>filtration))
-        {{if is_kcritical}}
-        filtration = np.asarray(filtration, dtype={{PYTYPE}})[None,:]
-        self.get_ptr().assign_simplex_filtration(simplex, _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(filtration))
-        {{else}}
-        filtration = np.asarray(filtration, dtype={{PYTYPE}})
-        self.get_ptr().assign_simplex_filtration(simplex, _py21c_{{SHORT}}(filtration))
-        {{endif}}
-        return self
-
-    def __getitem__(self, simplex)->np.ndarray:
-        cdef vector[int] csimplex = simplex 
-        cdef {{FSHORT}}* f_ptr = self.get_ptr().simplex_filtration(csimplex)
-        {{if is_kcritical}}
-        return _ff2kcview_{{SHORT}}(f_ptr)
-        {{else}}
-        return _ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(f_ptr)
-        {{endif}}
-
-
-    @property
-    def num_vertices(self)->int:
-        """This function returns the number of vertices of the simplicial
-        complex.
-
-        :returns:  The simplicial complex number of vertices.
-        :rtype:  int
-        """
-        return self.get_ptr().num_vertices()
-
-    @property
-    def num_simplices(self)->int:
-        """This function returns the number of simplices of the simplicial
-        complex.
-
-        :returns:  the simplicial complex number of simplices.
-        :rtype:  int
-        """
-        return self.get_ptr().num_simplices()
-
-    @property
-    def dimension(self)->int:
-        """This function returns the dimension of the simplicial complex.
-
-        :returns:  the simplicial complex dimension.
-        :rtype:  int
-
-        .. note::
-
-            This function is not constant time because it can recompute
-            dimension if required (can be triggered by
-            :func:`remove_maximal_simplex`
-            or
-            :func:`prune_above_filtration`
-            methods).
-        """
-        return self.get_ptr().dimension()
-    def upper_bound_dimension(self)->int:
-        """This function returns a valid dimension upper bound of the
-        simplicial complex.
-
-        :returns:  an upper bound on the dimension of the simplicial complex.
-        :rtype:  int
-        """
-        return self.get_ptr().upper_bound_dimension()
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-      for stuff in self.get_simplices():
-        yield stuff
-
-    def flagify(self, const int dim=2):
-        """
-        Turns this simplicial complex into a flag
-        complex by resetting filtration values of
-        simplices of dimension > `dim` by 
-        lower-star values.
-        """
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
-
-        cdef One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}] minf = One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}](self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters())
-        cdef int simplex_dimension
-        with nogil:
-            while it != end:
-                pair_sf =<pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
-                simplex_dimension = <int>(pair_sf.first.size())-1
-                if simplex_dimension<dim:
-                  preincrement(it)
-                  continue
-                dereference(pair_sf.second).pull_to_greatest_common_lower_bound(minf)
-                preincrement(it)
-        self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
-        return self
-
-    def set_dimension(self, int dimension)->None:
-        """This function sets the dimension of the simplicial complex.
-
-        :param dimension: The new dimension value.
-        :type dimension: int
-
-        .. note::
-
-            This function must be used with caution because it disables
-            dimension recomputation when required
-            (this recomputation can be triggered by
-            :func:`remove_maximal_simplex`
-            or
-            :func:`prune_above_filtration`
-            ).
-        """
-        self.get_ptr().set_dimension(dimension)
-
-    def __contains__(self, simplex):
-        """This function returns if the N-simplex was found in the simplicial
-        complex or not.
-
-        :param simplex: The N-simplex to find, represented by a list of vertex.
-        :type simplex: list of int
-        :returns:  true if the simplex was found, false otherwise.
-        :rtype:  bool
-        """
-        if len(simplex) == 0:
-          return False
-        if isinstance(simplex[0], Iterable):
-          s,f = simplex
-          if not self.get_ptr().find_simplex(simplex):
-            return False
-          current_f = np.asarray(self[s])
-          return np.all(np.asarray(f)>=current_f)
-
-        return self.get_ptr().find_simplex(simplex)
-
-    def insert(self, vector[int] simplex, filtration:list|np.ndarray|None=None)->bool:
-        """This function inserts the given N-simplex and its subfaces with the
-        given filtration value (default value is '0.0'). If some of those
-        simplices are already present with a higher filtration value, their
-        filtration value is lowered.
-
-        :param simplex: The N-simplex to insert, represented by a list of
-            vertex.
-        :type simplex: list of int
-        :param filtration: The filtration value of the simplex.
-        :type filtration: float
-        :returns:  true if the simplex was not yet in the complex, false
-            otherwise (whatever its original filtration value).
-        :rtype:  bool
-        """
-        # TODO C++, to be compatible with insert_batch and multicritical filtrations
-        num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
-        assert filtration is None or len(filtration) % num_parameters == 0, f"Invalid number \
-                of parameters. Should be {num_parameters}, got {len(filtration)}"
-        if filtration is None:
-            filtration = np.array([-np.inf]*num_parameters, dtype = float)
-
-        filtration = np.asarray(filtration, dtype = {{PYTYPE}})
-
-        {{if is_kcritical}}
-        from itertools import chain, combinations
-
-        def powerset(iterable):
-            s = tuple(iterable)
-            return chain.from_iterable(combinations(s, r) for r in range(1,len(s)+1)) # skip the empty splx
-        cdef {{FSHORT}}* current_filtration_ptr
-        cdef vector[vector[int]] simplices_filtration_to_insert = powerset(simplex) # TODO : optimize
-
-        if self.get_ptr().find_simplex(simplex):
-          for i in range(simplices_filtration_to_insert.size()):
-            current_filtration_ptr = self.get_ptr().simplex_filtration(simplices_filtration_to_insert[i])
-            dereference(current_filtration_ptr).add_generator(_py21c_{{SHORT}}(filtration))
-          return True ## TODO : we may want to return false if this birth wasn't necessary
-        cdef {{Filtration}} cfiltration = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(filtration[None,:])
-        {{else}}
-        cdef {{Filtration}} cfiltration = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(filtration)
-        {{endif}}
-        return self.get_ptr().insert(simplex,cfiltration)
-
-    {{if not is_kcritical}}
-    @cython.boundscheck(False)
-    @cython.wraparound(False)
-    def insert_batch(self,  vertex_array,  filtrations)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}} :
-        """Inserts k-simplices given by a sparse array in a format similar
-        to `torch.sparse <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/sparse.html>`_.
-        The n-th simplex has vertices `vertex_array[0,n]`, ...,
-        `vertex_array[k,n]` and filtration value `filtrations[n,num_parameters]`.
-        /!\ Only compatible with 1-critical filtrations. If a simplex is repeated, 
-        only one filtration value will be taken into account.
-
-        :param vertex_array: the k-simplices to insert.
-        :type vertex_array: numpy.array of shape (k+1,n)
-        :param filtrations: the filtration values.
-        :type filtrations: numpy.array of shape (n,num_parameters)
-        """
-        # TODO : multi-critical
-        # cdef vector[int] vertices = np.unique(vertex_array)
-        cdef int[:,:] vertex_array_ = np.asarray(vertex_array, dtype=np.int32)
-        cdef Py_ssize_t k = vertex_array_.shape[0]
-        cdef Py_ssize_t n = vertex_array_.shape[1]
-        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()    
-        cdef bool empty_filtration = (filtrations.size == 0)
-        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:] F_view = np.asarray(filtrations, dtype = {{PYTYPE}})
-
-        if not empty_filtration :
-            assert filtrations.shape[0] == n, f"inconsistent sizes for vertex_array and filtrations\
-                    Filtrations should be of shape ({n},{self.num_parameters})"
-            assert filtrations.shape[1] == num_parameters, f"Inconsistent number of parameters.\
-                    Filtrations should be of shape ({n},{self.num_parameters})"
-        cdef Py_ssize_t i
-        cdef Py_ssize_t j
-        cdef vector[int] v
-        cdef {{Filtration}} w
-        if empty_filtration:
-            w = One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}](num_parameters) # at -inf by default
-        with nogil:
-            for i in range(n):
-                # vertex
-                for j in range(k):
-                    v.push_back(vertex_array_[j, i])
-                #filtration
-                if not empty_filtration:
-                    # for j in range(num_parameters):
-                    #     w.push_back(<{{CTYPE}}>filtrations[i,j])
-                    w = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(F_view[i,:])
-                self.get_ptr().insert(v, w)
-                v.clear()
-        #repair filtration if necessary
-        if empty_filtration:
-            self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
-        return self
-
-    def lower_star_multi_filtration_update(self, nodes_filtrations):
-        """
-        Updates the multi filtration of the simplextree to the lower-star
-        filtration defined on the vertices, by `node_filtrations`.
-        """
-        cdef Py_ssize_t num_vertices = nodes_filtrations.shape[0]
-        cdef Py_ssize_t num_parameters = nodes_filtrations.shape[1]
-        assert self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters() == num_parameters and self.num_vertices == num_vertices, f"Invalid shape {nodes_filtrations.shape}. Should be (?,{self.num_parameters=})."
-
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
-        cdef Py_ssize_t node_idx = 0
-        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:] F = nodes_filtrations
-        cdef {{CTYPE}} minus_inf = -np.inf
-        with nogil:
-            while it != end:
-                pair_sf = <pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
-                if pair_sf.first.size() == 1: # dimension == 0
-                    {{if is_kcritical}}
-                    for i in range(pair_sf.second.size()):
-                        for j in range(num_parameters):
-                            dereference(pair_sf.second)[i][j] = F[node_idx,j]
-                    {{else}}
-                    for i in range(num_parameters):
-                        dereference(pair_sf.second)[i] = F[node_idx,i]
-                    {{endif}}
-                    node_idx += 1
-                    # with gil:
-                    #   print(pair_sf.first, node_idx,i, F[node_idx,i])
-                else:
-                    {{if is_kcritical}}
-                    for i in range(pair_sf.second.size()):
-                        for j in range(num_parameters):
-                            dereference(pair_sf.second)[i][j] = minus_inf
-                    {{else}}
-                    for i in range(num_parameters):
-                        dereference(pair_sf.second)[i] = minus_inf
-                    {{endif}}
-                preincrement(it)
-        self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
-        return self
-
-
-    def assign_all(self, filtration_values)-> SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """
-        Updates the filtration values of all of the simplices, with `filtration_values`
-        with order given by the simplextree iterator, e.g. self.get_simplices().
-        """
-        cdef Py_ssize_t num_simplices = filtration_values.shape[0] 
-        cdef Py_ssize_t num_parameters = filtration_values.shape[1]
-
-        assert num_simplices == self.num_simplices, f"Number of filtration values {filtration_values.shape[0]} is not the number of simplices {self.num_simplices}"
-        assert num_parameters == self.num_parameters, f"Number of parameter do not coincide {filtration_values.shape[1]} vs {self.num_parameters}"
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplex_handle[{{FSHORT}}] sh = dereference(it)
-        cdef int counter =0
-        # cdef cnp.ndarray[{{CTYPE}},ndim=1] current_filtration
-        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:] F = filtration_values 
-        with nogil:
-            while it != end:
-                pair_sf =<pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
-
-                for i in range(num_parameters):
-                    dereference(pair_sf.second)[i] = F[counter,i]
-                # current_filtration= F[counter]
-                counter += 1
-                # yield SimplexTreeMulti._pair_simplex_filtration_to_python(out)
-                preincrement(it)
-
-
-
-    @cython.boundscheck(False)
-    @cython.wraparound(False)
-    def assign_batch_filtration(self, some_int[:,:] vertex_array, some_float[:,:]  filtrations, bool propagate=True)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """Assign k-simplices given by a sparse array in a format similar
-        to `torch.sparse <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/sparse.html>`_.
-        The n-th simplex has vertices `vertex_array[0,n]`, ...,
-        `vertex_array[k,n]` and filtration value `filtrations[n,num_parameters]`.
-        /!\ Only compatible with 1-critical filtrations. If a simplex is repeated, 
-        only one filtration value will be taken into account.
-
-        :param vertex_array: the k-simplices to assign.
-        :type vertex_array: numpy.array of shape (k+1,n)
-        :param filtrations: the filtration values.
-        :type filtrations: numpy.array of shape (n,num_parameters)
-        """
-        cdef Py_ssize_t k = vertex_array.shape[0]
-        cdef Py_ssize_t n = vertex_array.shape[1]
-        assert filtrations.shape[0] == n, 'inconsistent sizes for vertex_array and filtrations'
-        assert filtrations.shape[1] == self.num_parameters, "wrong number of parameters"
-        cdef Py_ssize_t i
-        cdef Py_ssize_t j
-        cdef vector[int] v
-        cdef One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}] w
-        cdef int n_parameters = self.num_parameters
-        with nogil:
-            for i in range(n):
-                for j in range(k):
-                    v.push_back(vertex_array[j, i])
-                for j in range(n_parameters):
-                    w.push_back(<{{CTYPE}}>filtrations[i,j])
-                self.get_ptr().assign_simplex_filtration(v, w)
-                v.clear()
-                w.clear()
-        if propagate: self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
-        return self
-
-    def euler_characteristic(self, dtype = {{PYTYPE}}):
-        """This function returns a generator with simplices and their given
-        filtration values.
-
-        :returns:  The simplices.
-        :rtype:  generator with tuples(simplex, filtration)
-        """
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplex_handle[{{FSHORT}}] sh = dereference(it)
-        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
-        cdef dict[tuple,int] out = {}
-        cdef int dim
-        while it != end:
-            pair_sf = <pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
-            # TODO: optimize https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16589791/most-efficient-property-to-hash-for-numpy-array
-            key = tuple(_ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(pair_sf.second))
-            dim = pair_sf.first.size() -1 % 2
-            out[key] = out.get(key,0)+(-1)**dim
-        num_keys = len(out)
-        new_pts = np.fromiter(out.keys(), dtype=np.dtype((dtype,num_parameters)), count=num_keys) 
-        new_weights = np.fromiter(out.values(), dtype=np.int32, count=num_keys)
-        idx = np.nonzero(new_weights)
-        new_pts = new_pts[idx]
-        new_weights = new_weights[idx]
-        return (new_pts, new_weights)
-    
-    {{else}}
-
-    @cython.boundscheck(False)
-    @cython.wraparound(False)
-    def insert_batch(self, vertex_array, filtrations)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}} :
-        """Inserts k-simplices given by a sparse array in a format similar
-        to `torch.sparse <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/sparse.html>`_.
-        The i-th simplex has vertices `vertex_array[0,i]`, ...,
-        `vertex_array[n,i]` and j-th filtration value `filtrations[i,j,num_parameters]`.
-
-        :param vertex_array: the k-simplices to insert.
-        :type vertex_array: numpy.array of shape (k+1,n)
-        :param filtrations: the filtration values.
-        :type filtrations: numpy.array of shape (n, max_critical_degree, num_parameters)
-        """
-        # TODO : multi-critical
-        # cdef vector[int] vertices = np.unique(vertex_array)
-
-        cdef int[:,:] vertex_array_ = np.asarray(vertex_array, dtype=np.int32) 
-        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:,:] filtrations_ = np.asarray(filtrations, dtype={{PYTYPE}}) 
-        cdef Py_ssize_t k = vertex_array_.shape[0]
-        cdef Py_ssize_t n = vertex_array_.shape[1]
-        cdef Py_ssize_t max_crit_deg = filtrations_.shape[1]
-        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()    
-        cdef bool empty_filtration = (filtrations_.size == 0)
-
-        if not empty_filtration :
-            assert filtrations_.shape[0] == n and filtrations_.shape[2] == num_parameters, f"""
-            Inconsistent sizes for vertex_array and filtrations\n
-            Filtrations should be of shape ({n},k, {self.num_parameters})
-            """
-        cdef Py_ssize_t i
-        cdef Py_ssize_t j
-        cdef vector[int] v
-        cdef One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}] w_temp
-        cdef {{Filtration}} w
-        if empty_filtration:
-            w = {{Filtration}}() # at -inf by default
-        with nogil:
-            for i in range(n):
-                v.clear()
-                # vertex
-                for j in range(k):
-                    v.push_back(vertex_array_[j, i])
-                #filtration
-                if not empty_filtration:
-                    w =  _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(filtrations_[i])
-                self.get_ptr().insert(v, w)
-
-        #repair filtration if necessary
-        if empty_filtration:
-            self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
-        return self
-    {{endif}}
-
-
-    def get_simplices(self)->Iterable[tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]]:
-        """This function returns a generator with simplices and their given
-        filtration values.
-
-        :returns:  The simplices.
-        :rtype:  generator with tuples(simplex, filtration)
-        """
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplex_handle[{{FSHORT}}] sh = dereference(it)
-        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
-        while it != end:
-            pair_sf = <pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
-            yield (
-              np.asarray(pair_sf.first, dtype=int),
-           {{if is_kcritical}}
-            _ff2kcview_{{SHORT}}(pair_sf.second)
-            {{else}}
-            _ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(pair_sf.second)
-            {{endif}}
-            )
-            preincrement(it)
-
-
-
-    def persistence_approximation(self, **kwargs):
-        from multipers.multiparameter_module_approximation import module_approximation
-        return module_approximation(self, **kwargs)
-
-
-    def get_skeleton(self, dimension)->Iterable[tuple[np.ndarray,np.ndarray]]:
-        """This function returns a generator with the (simplices of the) skeleton of a maximum given dimension.
-
-        :param dimension: The skeleton dimension value.
-        :type dimension: int
-        :returns:  The (simplices of the) skeleton of a maximum dimension.
-        :rtype:  generator with tuples(simplex, filtration)
-        """
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_skeleton_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_skeleton_iterator_begin(dimension)
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_skeleton_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_skeleton_iterator_end(dimension)
-        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
-        while it != end:
-            # yield self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
-            pair = self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
-            yield (np.asarray(pair.first, dtype=int),
-            {{if is_kcritical}}
-            _ff2kcview_{{SHORT}}(pair.second)
-            {{else}}
-            _ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(pair.second)
-            {{endif}}
-            )
-            preincrement(it)
-
-   #  def get_star(self, simplex):
-   #      """This function returns the star of a given N-simplex.
-
-   #      :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
-   #      :type simplex: list of int
-   #      :returns:  The (simplices of the) star of a simplex.
-   #      :rtype:  list of tuples(simplex, filtration)
-   #      """
-   #      cdef simplex_type csimplex = simplex
-   #      cdef int num_parameters = self.num_parameters
-   #      # for i in simplex:
-   #      #   csimplex.push_back(i)
-   #      cdef vector[simplex_filtration_type] star \
-   #              = self.get_ptr().get_star(csimplex)
-   #      ct = []
-
-   #      for filtered_simplex in star:
-   #          v = []
-   #          for vertex in filtered_simplex.first:
-   #              v.append(vertex)
-   #          ct.append((v, np.asarray(<{{CTYPE}}[:num_parameters]>filtered_simplex.second)))
-   #      return ct
-
-    # def get_cofaces(self, simplex, codimension):
-    #     """This function returns the cofaces of a given N-simplex with a
-    #     given codimension.
-
-    #     :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
-    #     :type simplex: list of int
-    #     :param codimension: The codimension. If codimension = 0, all cofaces
-    #         are returned (equivalent of get_star function)
-    #     :type codimension: int
-    #     :returns:  The (simplices of the) cofaces of a simplex
-    #     :rtype:  list of tuples(simplex, filtration)
-    #     """
-    #     cdef vector[int] csimplex = simplex
-    #     cdef int num_parameters = self.num_parameters
-    #     # for i in simplex:
-    #     #   csimplex.push_back(i)
-    #     cdef vector[simplex_filtration_type] cofaces \
-    #             = self.get_ptr().get_cofaces(csimplex, <int>codimension)
-    #     ct = []
-    #     for filtered_simplex in cofaces:
-    #         v = []
-    #         for vertex in filtered_simplex.first:
-    #             v.append(vertex)
-    #         ct.append((v, np.asarray(<{{CTYPE}}[:num_parameters]>filtered_simplex.second)))
-    #     return ct
-
-    def get_boundaries(self, simplex)->Iterable[tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]]:
-        """This function returns a generator with the boundaries of a given N-simplex.
-        If you do not need the filtration values, the boundary can also be obtained as
-        :code:`itertools.combinations(simplex,len(simplex)-1)`.
-
-        :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
-        :type simplex: list of int.
-        :returns:  The (simplices of the) boundary of a simplex
-        :rtype:  generator with tuples(simplex, filtration)
-        """
-        cdef pair[Simplex_tree_multi_boundary_iterator[{{FSHORT}}], Simplex_tree_multi_boundary_iterator[{{FSHORT}}]] it =  self.get_ptr().get_boundary_iterators(simplex)
-
-        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
-        while it.first != it.second:
-            # yield self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
-            pair = self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it.first))
-            yield (np.asarray(pair.first, dtype=int),
-            {{if is_kcritical}}
-            _ff2kcview_{{SHORT}}(pair.second)
-            {{else}}
-            _ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(pair.second)
-            {{endif}}
-            )
-            preincrement(it.first)
-    def remove_maximal_simplex(self, simplex)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """This function removes a given maximal N-simplex from the simplicial
-        complex.
-
-        :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
-        :type simplex: list of int
-
-        .. note::
-
-            The dimension of the simplicial complex may be lower after calling
-            remove_maximal_simplex than it was before. However,
-            :func:`upper_bound_dimension`
-            method will return the old value, which
-            remains a valid upper bound. If you care, you can call
-            :func:`dimension`
-            to recompute the exact dimension.
-        """
-        self.get_ptr().remove_maximal_simplex(simplex)
-        return self
-
-    # def prune_above_filtration(self, filtration)->bool:
-    #   """Prune above filtration value given as parameter.
-
-    #   :param filtration: Maximum threshold value.
-    #   :type filtration: float
-    #   :returns: The filtration modification information.
-    #   :rtype: bool
-
-
-    #   .. note::
-
-    #     Note that the dimension of the simplicial complex may be lower
-    #     after calling
-    #     :func:`prune_above_filtration`
-    #     than it was before. However,
-    #     :func:`upper_bound_dimension`
-    #     will return the old value, which remains a
-    #     valid upper bound. If you care, you can call
-    #     :func:`dimension`
-    #     method to recompute the exact dimension.
-    #   """
-    #   return self.get_ptr().prune_above_filtration(filtration)
-    def prune_above_dimension(self, int dimension):
-        """Remove all simplices of dimension greater than a given value.
-
-        :param dimension: Maximum dimension value.
-        :type dimension: int
-        :returns: The modification information.
-        :rtype: bool
-        """
-        return self.get_ptr().prune_above_dimension(dimension)
-
-    {{if not is_kcritical}}
-    def expansion(self, int max_dim)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """Expands the simplex tree containing only its one skeleton
-        until dimension max_dim.
-
-        The expanded simplicial complex until dimension :math:`d`
-        attached to a graph :math:`G` is the maximal simplicial complex of
-        dimension at most :math:`d` admitting the graph :math:`G` as
-        :math:`1`-skeleton.
-        The filtration value assigned to a simplex is the maximal filtration
-        value of one of its edges.
-
-        The simplex tree must contain no simplex of dimension bigger than
-        1 when calling the method.
-
-        :param max_dim: The maximal dimension.
-        :type max_dim: int
-        """
-        with nogil:
-            self.get_ptr().expansion(max_dim)
-            # This is a fix for multipersistence. FIXME expansion in c++
-            self.get_ptr().make_filtration_non_decreasing()
-        return self
-
-    def make_filtration_non_decreasing(self)->bool: 
-        """This function ensures that each simplex has a higher filtration
-        value than its faces by increasing the filtration values.
-
-        :returns: True if any filtration value was modified,
-            False if the filtration was already non-decreasing.
-        :rtype: bool
-        """
-        cdef bool out
-        with nogil:
-            out = self.get_ptr().make_filtration_non_decreasing()
-        return out
-    {{endif}}
-
-    def reset_filtration(self, filtration, min_dim = 0)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """This function resets the filtration value of all the simplices of dimension at least min_dim. Resets all the
-        simplex tree when `min_dim = 0`.
-        `reset_filtration` may break the filtration property with `min_dim > 0`, and it is the user's responsibility to
-        make it a valid filtration (using a large enough `filt_value`, or calling `make_filtration_non_decreasing`
-        afterwards for instance).
-
-        :param filtration: New threshold value.
-        :type filtration: float.
-        :param min_dim: The minimal dimension. Default value is 0.
-        :type min_dim: int.
-        """
-        {{if is_kcritical}}
-        cdef {{Filtration}} cfiltration = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(filtration, dtype = {{PYTYPE}})[None,:])
-        {{else}}
-        cdef {{Filtration}} cfiltration = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(filtration, dtype = {{PYTYPE}}))
-        {{endif}}
-        self.get_ptr().reset_filtration(cfiltration, min_dim)
-        return self
-
-    {{if not is_kcritical}}
-    def pts_to_indices(self,pts:np.ndarray, simplices_dimensions:Iterable[int]) -> tuple[np.ndarray,np.ndarray]:
-        """
-        Returns the indices of the simplex tree with corresponding filtrations.
-
-        Args:
-         - st: SimplexTreeMulti on which to recover the indices.
-         - pts: (num_pts, num_parameters,) array of points to recover.
-            simplices_dimensions: (num_parameters,) the simplices dimension to take into account for each parameter.
-
-        Returns:
-         - A (m, num_parameters) array containing the found indices (m <= num_pts).
-         - A (m, 2) array containing the non-found indices (pt_index, parameter failing).
-        """
-
-        # TODO detect rank or not
-        cdef bool is_rank_invariant = pts.shape[1] == 2*self.num_parameters
-        if is_rank_invariant:
-            births = pts[:,:self.num_parameters]
-            deaths = pts[:,self.num_parameters:]
-            births_indices,non_recovered_births  = self.pts_to_indices(births, simplices_dimensions)
-            deaths_indices,non_recovered_deaths = self.pts_to_indices(deaths, simplices_dimensions)
-            non_recovered_pts = np.concatenate([non_recovered_births,non_recovered_deaths], axis=0)
-            pts_indices = np.concatenate([births_indices,deaths_indices], axis=1)
-            return pts_indices, non_recovered_pts
-
-        cdef vector[vector[{{CTYPE}}]] cpts = pts
-        cdef vector[int] csimplices_dimensions = simplices_dimensions
-        # cdef pair[indices_type,indices_type] out
-        found_indices,not_found_indices = self.get_ptr().pts_to_indices(cpts,csimplices_dimensions)
-        if len(found_indices) == 0:
-            found_indices = np.empty(shape=(0,self.num_parameters), dtype = np.int32)
-        if len(not_found_indices) == 0:
-            not_found_indices =  np.empty(shape=(0,2), dtype = np.int32)
-        return np.asarray(found_indices), np.asarray(not_found_indices)
-    ## This function is only meant for the edge collapse interface.
-    def get_edge_list(self):
-        """
-        in the filtration-domination's format       
-        """
-        cdef edge_list out
-        with nogil:
-            out = self.get_ptr().get_edge_list()
-        return out
-
-    def collapse_edges(self, int num=1, int max_dimension = 0, bool progress=False, bool strong=True, bool full=False, bool ignore_warning=False)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """Edge collapse for 1-critical 2-parameter clique complex (see https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.05574).
-        It uses the code from the github repository https://github.com/aj-alonso/filtration_domination .
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        
-        max_dimension:int
-            Max simplicial dimension of the complex. Unless specified, keeps the same dimension.
-        num:int
-            The number of collapses to do.
-        strong:bool
-            Whether to use strong collapses or standard collapses (slower, but may remove more edges)
-        full:bool
-            Collapses the maximum number of edges if true, i.e., will do (at most) 100 strong collapses and (at most) 100 non-strong collapses afterward.
-        progress:bool
-            If true, shows the progress of the number of collapses.
-
-        WARNING
-        -------
-        
-         - This will destroy all of the k-simplices, with k>=2. Be sure to use this with a clique complex, if you want to preserve the homology >= dimension 1.
-         - This is for 1 critical simplices, with 2 parameter persistence.
-        Returns
-        -------
-        
-        self:SimplexTreeMulti
-            A (smaller) simplex tree that has the same homology over this bifiltration.
-
-        """
-        # TODO : find a way to do multiple edge collapses without python conversions.
-        if num == 0:
-            return self
-        elif num == -1:
-            num=100
-            full=False
-        elif num == -2:
-            num=100
-            full=True
-        assert self.num_parameters == 2, "Number of parameters has to be 2 to use edge collapses ! This is a limitation of Filtration-domination"
-        if self.dimension > 1 and not ignore_warning: warn("This method ignores simplices of dimension > 1 !")
-
-        max_dimension = self.dimension if max_dimension <=0 else max_dimension
-
-        # Retrieves the edge list, and send it to filration_domination
-        edges = self.get_edge_list()
-        from multipers.multiparameter_edge_collapse import _collapse_edge_list
-        edges = _collapse_edge_list(edges, num=num, full=full, strong=strong, progress=progress)
-        # Retrieves the collapsed simplicial complex
-        self._reconstruct_from_edge_list(edges, swap=True, expand_dimension=max_dimension)
-        return self
-
-    @cython.inline
-    cdef _reconstruct_from_edge_list(self,edge_list edges, bool swap=True, int expand_dimension=0):
-        """
-        Generates a 1-dimensional copy of self, with the edges given as input. Useful for edge collapses
-
-        Input
-        -----
-
-         - edges : Iterable[(int,int),(float,float)] ## This is the format of the rust library filtration-domination
-         - swap : bool
-            If true, will swap self and the collapsed simplextrees.
-         - expand_dim : int
-            expands back the simplextree to this dimension
-        Ouput
-        -----
-        
-        The reduced SimplexTreeMulti having only these edges.
-        """
-        reduced_tree = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(num_parameters=self.num_parameters)
-
-        ## Adds vertices back, with good filtration
-        if self.num_vertices > 0:
-            vertices = np.fromiter((splx[0] for splx, f in self.get_skeleton(0)), dtype=np.int32)[None,:]
-            vertices_filtration = np.fromiter((f for splx, f in self.get_skeleton(0)), dtype=np.dtype(({{PYTYPE}},2)))
-            reduced_tree.insert_batch(vertices, vertices_filtration)
-
-        ## Adds edges again
-        if self.num_simplices - self.num_vertices > 0:
-            edges_filtration = np.fromiter(((e.second.first, e.second.second) for e in edges), dtype=np.dtype(({{PYTYPE}},2)))
-            edges_idx = np.fromiter(((e.first.first, e.first.second) for e in edges), dtype=np.dtype((np.int32,2))).T
-            reduced_tree.insert_batch(edges_idx, edges_filtration)
-        if swap:
-            # Swaps the simplextrees pointers
-            self.thisptr, reduced_tree.thisptr = reduced_tree.thisptr, self.thisptr # Swaps self and reduced tree (self is a local variable)
-        if expand_dimension > 0:
-            self.expansion(expand_dimension) # Expands back the simplextree to the original dimension.
-        return self if swap else reduced_tree
-    {{endif}}
-
-    @property
-    def num_parameters(self)->int:
-        return self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
-    def get_simplices_of_dimension(self, dim:int)->np.ndarray:
-        return np.asarray(self.get_ptr().get_simplices_of_dimension(dim), dtype=int)
-    def key(self, simplex:list|np.ndarray):
-        return self.get_ptr().get_key(simplex)
-    def set_keys_to_enumerate(self)->None:
-        self.get_ptr().set_keys_to_enumerate()
-        return
-    def set_key(self,simplex:list|np.ndarray, key:int)->None:
-        self.get_ptr().set_key(simplex, key)
-        return
-
-
-
-    def _to_scc(self,filtration_dtype={{PYTYPE}}, bool flattened=False):
-        """
-        Turns a simplextree into a (simplicial) module presentation.
-        """
-        cdef bool is_function_st = self._is_function_simplextree
-        
-        cdef pair[vector[vector[{{CTYPE}}]], boundary_matrix] out
-        if flattened:
-            # out = simplextree_to_ordered_bf(cptr)
-            out = self.get_ptr().simplextree_to_ordered_bf()
-            return np.asarray(out.first,dtype=filtration_dtype), tuple(out.second)
-        if is_function_st:
-    {{if not is_kcritical}}
-            blocks = self.get_ptr().function_simplextree_to_scc()
-    {{else}}
-            raise Exception("Kcritical cannot be a function simplextree ?? TODO: Fixme")
-    {{endif}}
-        else:
-    {{if not is_kcritical}}
-            blocks = self.get_ptr().simplextree_to_scc()
-    {{else}}
-            blocks = self.get_ptr().kcritical_simplextree_to_scc()
-    {{endif}}
-        # reduces the space in memory
-        if is_function_st:
-            blocks = [(tuple(f), tuple(b)) for f,b in blocks[::-1]]
-        else:
-    {{if not is_kcritical}}
-            blocks = [(np.asarray(f,dtype=filtration_dtype), tuple(b)) for f,b in blocks[::-1]] ## presentation is on the other order 
-    {{else}}
-            blocks = [(tuple(f), tuple(b)) for f,b in blocks[::-1]] ## presentation is on the other order 
-    {{endif}}
-        return blocks # +[(np.empty(0,dtype=filtration_dtype),[])] ## TODO : investigate
-
-    def to_scc_kcritical(self,
-            path:os.PathLike|str, 
-            bool rivet_compatible=False, 
-            bool strip_comments=False, 
-            bool ignore_last_generators=False, 
-            bool overwrite=False,
-            bool reverse_block=False,
-        ):
-        """
-        TODO: function-simplextree, from squeezed
-        """
-        from os.path import exists
-        from os import remove
-        if exists(path):
-            if not(overwrite):
-                raise Exception(f"The file {path} already exists. Use the `overwrite` flag if you want to overwrite.")
-            remove(path)
-        # blocks = simplextree2scc(self)
-        blocks = self._to_scc()
-        from multipers.io import scc2disk
-        scc2disk(blocks, 
-                path=path, 
-                num_parameters=self.num_parameters,
-                reverse_block=reverse_block,
-                rivet_compatible=rivet_compatible,
-                ignore_last_generators=ignore_last_generators,
-                strip_comments=strip_comments,
-            )
-
-    def to_scc_function_st(self,
-                           path="scc_dataset.scc", 
-                           bool rivet_compatible=False, 
-                           bool strip_comments=False, 
-                           bool ignore_last_generators=False, 
-                           bool overwrite=False,
-                           bool reverse_block=True,
-                           ):
-        from multipers.io import scc2disk
-        from warnings import warn
-        warn("This function is not tested yet.")
-        from os.path import exists
-        from os import remove
-        if exists(path):
-            if not(overwrite):
-                raise Exception(f"The file {path} already exists. Use the `overwrite` flag if you want to overwrite.")
-            remove(path)
-        stuff = self._to_scc(self)
-        if reverse_block:  stuff.reverse()
-        cdef int num_parameters = self.num_parameters
-        with open(path, "w") as f:
-            f.write("scc2020\n") if not rivet_compatible else f.write("firep\n")
-            if not strip_comments and not rivet_compatible: f.write("# Number of parameters\n")
-            num_parameters = self.num_parameters
-            if rivet_compatible:
-                assert num_parameters == 2
-                f.write("Filtration 1\n")
-                f.write("Filtration 2\n")
-            else:
-                f.write(f"{num_parameters}\n")
-
-            if not strip_comments: f.write("# Sizes of generating sets\n")
-            for block in stuff: f.write(f"{len(block[1])} ")
-            f.write("\n")
-
-            for i,block in enumerate(stuff):
-                if (rivet_compatible or ignore_last_generators) and i == len(stuff)-1: continue
-                if not strip_comments: f.write(f"# Block of dimension {len(stuff)-i}\n")
-                for filtration, boundary in zip(*block):
-                    k = len(filtration)
-                    for j in range(k):
-                        if filtration[j] != np.inf:
-                            line = f"{filtration[j]} {k} ; " + " ".join([str(x) for x in boundary]) +"\n"
-                            f.write(line)
-    def to_scc(self,**kwargs):
-        """
-        Returns an scc representation of the simplextree.
-        """
-        if self._is_function_simplextree:
-            return self.to_scc_function_st(**kwargs)
-        else:
-            return self.to_scc_kcritical(**kwargs)
-
-    def to_rivet(self, path="rivet_dataset.txt", degree:int|None = None, progress:bool=False, overwrite:bool=False, xbins:int|None=None, ybins:int|None=None)->None:
-        """ Create a file that can be imported by rivet, representing the filtration of the simplextree.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        
-        path:str
-            path of the file.
-        degree:int
-            The homological degree to ask rivet to compute.
-        progress:bool = True
-            Shows the progress bar.
-        overwrite:bool = False
-            If true, will overwrite the previous file if it already exists.
-        """
-        ...
-        from os.path import exists
-        from os import remove
-        if exists(path):
-            if not(overwrite):
-                print(f"The file {path} already exists. Use the `overwrite` flag if you want to overwrite.")
-                return
-            remove(path)
-        file = open(path, "a")
-        file.write("# This file was generated by multipers.\n")
-        file.write("--datatype bifiltration\n")
-        file.write(f"--homology {degree}\n")   if degree is not None else None
-        file.write(f"-x {xbins}\n")       if xbins is not None else None
-        file.write(f"-y {ybins}\n")       if ybins is not None else None
-        file.write("--xlabel time of appearance\n")
-        file.write("--ylabel density\n\n")
-        from tqdm import tqdm
-        with tqdm(total=self.num_simplices, position=0, disable = not(progress), desc="Writing simplex to file") as bar:
-            for dim in range(0,self.dimension+1): # Not sure if dimension sort is necessary for rivet. Check ?
-                file.write(f"# block of dimension {dim}\n")
-                for s,F in self.get_skeleton(dim):
-                    if len(s) != dim+1:  continue
-                    for i in s:
-                        file.write(str(i) + " ")
-                    file.write("; ")
-                    for f in F:
-                        file.write(str(f) + " ")
-                    file.write("\n")
-                    bar.update(1)
-        file.close()
-        return
-
-
-
-    def _get_filtration_values(self, vector[int] degrees, bool inf_to_nan:bool=False, bool return_raw = False)->Iterable[np.ndarray]:
-        # cdef vector[int] c_degrees = degrees
-        # out = get_filtration_values_from_ptr[{{FSHORT}}](ptr, degrees)
-        cdef intptr_t ptr = self.thisptr
-        cdef vector[vector[vector[{{CTYPE}}]]] out
-        with nogil:
-            out = self.get_ptr().get_filtration_values(degrees)
-        filtrations_values =  [np.asarray(filtration) for filtration in out]
-        # Removes infs
-        if inf_to_nan:
-            for i,f in enumerate(filtrations_values):
-                filtrations_values[i][f == np.inf] = np.nan
-                filtrations_values[i][f == - np.inf] = np.nan
-        return filtrations_values
-
-
-    def get_filtration_grid(self, resolution:Iterable[int]|None=None, degrees:Iterable[int]|None=None, drop_quantiles:float|tuple=0, grid_strategy:_available_strategies="exact")->Iterable[np.ndarray]:
-        """
-        Returns a grid over the n-filtration, from the simplextree. Usefull for grid_squeeze. TODO : multicritical
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-
-            resolution: list[int]
-                resolution of the grid, for each parameter
-            box=None : pair[list[float]]
-                Grid bounds. format : [low bound, high bound]
-                If None is given, will use the filtration bounds of the simplextree.
-            grid_strategy="regular" : string
-                Either "regular", "quantile", or "exact".
-        Returns
-        -------
-
-            List of filtration values, for each parameter, defining the grid.
-        """
-        if degrees is None:
-            degrees = range(self.dimension+1)
-
-
-        ## preprocesses the filtration values:
-        filtrations_values = np.concatenate(self._get_filtration_values(degrees, inf_to_nan=True), axis=1)
-        # removes duplicate + sort (nan at the end)
-        filtrations_values = [np.unique(filtration) for filtration in filtrations_values]
-        # removes nan
-        filtrations_values = [filtration[:-1] if np.isnan(filtration[-1]) else filtration for filtration in filtrations_values]
-
-        return mpg.compute_grid(filtrations_values, resolution=resolution,strategy=grid_strategy,drop_quantiles=drop_quantiles)
-
-
-
-    def grid_squeeze(self, filtration_grid:np.ndarray|list|None=None, bool coordinate_values=True, force=False, grid_strategy:_available_strategies = "exact", inplace=False, **filtration_grid_kwargs):
-        """
-        Fit the filtration of the simplextree to a grid.
-
-        :param filtration_grid: The grid on which to squeeze. An example of grid can be given by the `get_filtration_grid` method.
-        :type filtration_grid: list[list[float]]
-        :param coordinate_values: If true, the filtrations values of the simplices will be set to the coordinate of the filtration grid.
-        :type coordinate_values: bool
-        """
-        if not force and self.is_squeezed:
-            raise Exception("SimplexTree already squeezed, use `force=True` if that's really what you want to do.") 
-        #TODO : multi-critical
-        if filtration_grid is None:  
-            filtration_grid = self.get_filtration_grid(grid_strategy=grid_strategy, **filtration_grid_kwargs)
-        cdef vector[vector[double]] c_filtration_grid = filtration_grid
-        assert <int>c_filtration_grid.size() == self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters(), f"Grid has to be of size {self.num_parameters}, got {filtration_grid.size()}"
-        cdef intptr_t ptr = self.thisptr
-        if coordinate_values and inplace:
-            self.filtration_grid = c_filtration_grid
-        if inplace or not coordinate_values:
-          self.get_ptr().squeeze_filtration_inplace(c_filtration_grid, coordinate_values)
-        else:
-          out = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT[:-3] + "i32"}}(num_parameters=self.num_parameters)
-          self.get_ptr().squeeze_filtration(out.thisptr, c_filtration_grid)
-          out.filtration_grid = c_filtration_grid
-          return out
-        return self
-
-    @property
-    def is_squeezed(self)->bool:
-        return self.num_vertices > 0 and len(self.filtration_grid)>0 and len(self.filtration_grid[0]) > 0
-
-    @property
-    def dtype(self)->type:
-      return {{PYTYPE}}
-    def filtration_bounds(self, degrees:Iterable[int]|None=None, q:float|tuple=0, split_dimension:bool=False)->np.ndarray:
-        """
-        Returns the filtrations bounds of the finite filtration values.
-        """
-        try:
-            a,b =q
-        except:
-            a,b,=q,q
-        degrees = range(self.dimension+1) if degrees is None else degrees
-        filtrations_values = self._get_filtration_values(degrees, inf_to_nan=True) ## degree, parameter, pt
-        boxes = np.array([np.nanquantile(filtration, [a, 1-b], axis=1) for filtration in filtrations_values],dtype=float)
-        if split_dimension: return boxes
-        return np.asarray([np.nanmin(boxes, axis=(0,1)), np.nanmax(boxes, axis=(0,1))]) # box, birth/death, filtration
-
-
-
-
-    def fill_lowerstar(self,  F, int parameter)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """ Fills the `dimension`th filtration by the lower-star filtration defined by F.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-
-        F:1d array
-            The density over the vertices, that induces a lowerstar filtration.
-        parameter:int
-            Which filtration parameter to fill. /!\ python starts at 0.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        
-        self:SimplexTreeMulti
-        """
-        # for s, sf in self.get_simplices():
-        #   self.assign_filtration(s, [f if i != dimension else np.max(np.array(F)[s]) for i,f in enumerate(sf)])
-        # cdef int c_parameter = parameter
-        {{if is_kcritical}}
-        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_F = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(F,dtype={{PYTYPE}})[None,:])
-        {{else}}
-        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_F = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(F,dtype={{PYTYPE}}))
-        {{endif}}
-        with nogil:
-            self.get_ptr().fill_lowerstar(c_F, parameter)
-        return self
-
-    def fill_distance_matrix(self, distance_matrix, int parameter, {{CTYPE}} node_value = 0)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-        """
-        Fills a specific parameter with a rips filtration with the given matrix. 
-        
-        Warning. Undefined behaviour if `node_value` is not finite or not
-                smaller or equal to `min(distance_matrix)`.
-
-        Parameters:
-         - `distance_matrix`: a (N,N) matrix aligned with the vertices keys, i.e., 
-             `distance_matrix[i,j]` is the distance between simplices [i] and [j].
-         - `node_value`: a float giving the values to the nodes in this filtration.
-
-        Returns
-        self. The updated simplextree.
-        """
-        assert parameter < self.num_parameters, f"This simplextree has only {self.num_parameters} parameters. Cannot fill parameter {parameter}"
-        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:] c_distance_matrix = np.asarray(distance_matrix,dtype={{PYTYPE}})
-
-        ## Resets the filtration. should be optimizable
-        F = np.zeros(shape = self.num_vertices, dtype={{PYTYPE}}) + node_value
-        {{if is_kcritical}}
-        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_F = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(F[None,:])
-        {{else}}
-        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_F = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(F)
-        {{endif}}
-        
-        with nogil:
-            self.get_ptr().fill_lowerstar(c_F, parameter)
-
-        ## Fills the matrix in the 1-skeleton
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_skeleton_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_skeleton_iterator_begin(1)
-        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_skeleton_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_skeleton_iterator_end(1)
-        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
-        cdef int num_generators
-        cdef int N = c_distance_matrix.shape[0]
-        with nogil:
-            while it != end:
-                pair = self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
-                if pair.first.size() == 2:
-                    i = pair.first[0]
-                    j = pair.first[1]
-                    assert i<N, f"Got vertex {i} which is greater than the matrix's size {c_distance_matrix.shape}."
-                    assert j<N, f"Got vertex {j} which is greater than the matrix's size {c_distance_matrix.shape}."
-
-                    {{if is_kcritical}}
-                    num_generators =pair.second.num_generators() 
-                    for k in range(num_generators):
-                        dereference(pair.second)[k][parameter] = c_distance_matrix[i,j]
-                    {{else}}
-                    dereference(pair.second)[parameter] = c_distance_matrix[i,j]
-                    {{endif}}
-                preincrement(it)
-
-        self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()        
-        return self
-
-
-        
-
-
-    def project_on_line(self, parameter:int=0, basepoint:None|list|np.ndarray= None, direction:None|list|np.ndarray= None)->SimplexTree:
-        """Converts an multi simplextree to a gudhi simplextree.
-        
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        
-        parameter:int = 0
-            The parameter to keep. WARNING will crash if the multi simplextree is not well filled.
-        basepoint:None
-            Instead of keeping a single parameter, will consider the filtration defined by the diagonal line crossing the basepoint.
-        
-        WARNING 
-        -------
-        
-        There are no safeguard yet, it WILL crash if asking for a parameter that is not filled.
-        
-        Returns
-        -------
-        
-        A SimplexTree with chosen 1D filtration.
-        """
-        # FIXME : deal with multicritical filtrations
-        import gudhi as gd
-        new_simplextree = gd.SimplexTree()
-        assert parameter < self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
-        cdef int c_parameter = parameter
-        cdef intptr_t old_ptr = self.thisptr
-        cdef intptr_t new_ptr = new_simplextree.thisptr
-        if basepoint is None:
-          basepoint = np.array([np.inf]*self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters())
-          basepoint[parameter] = 0
-        if direction is None:
-          direction = np.array([0]*self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters())
-          direction[parameter] = 1
-        
-        basepoint = np.asarray(basepoint, dtype=np.float64)
-        direction = np.asarray(direction, dtype=np.float64)
-        cdef One_critical_filtration[double] c_basepoint = _py21c_f64(basepoint)
-        cdef One_critical_filtration[double] c_direction = _py21c_f64(direction)
-        cdef Line[double] c_line = Line[double](c_basepoint, c_direction)
-        with nogil:
-            self.get_ptr().to_std(new_ptr, c_line, c_parameter)
-        return new_simplextree
-
-    def linear_projections(self, linear_forms:np.ndarray)->Iterable[SimplexTree]:
-        """
-        Compute the 1-parameter projections, w.r.t. given the linear forms, of this simplextree.
-
-        Input
-        -----
-        
-         Array of shape (num_linear_forms, num_parameters)
-
-        Output
-        ------
-        
-        List of projected (gudhi) simplextrees.
-        """
-        cdef Py_ssize_t num_projections = linear_forms.shape[0]
-        cdef Py_ssize_t num_parameters = linear_forms.shape[1]
-        if num_projections == 0:  return []
-        cdef vector[vector[double]] c_linear_forms = linear_forms
-        assert num_parameters==self.num_parameters, f"The linear forms has to have the same number of parameter as the simplextree ({self.num_parameters})."
-
-        # Gudhi copies are faster than inserting simplices one by one
-        import gudhi as gd
-        # flattened_simplextree = gd.SimplexTree()
-        # cdef intptr_t multi_prt = self.thisptr
-        # cdef intptr_t flattened_ptr = flattened_simplextree.thisptr
-        # with nogil:
-        #     # flatten_from_ptr(multi_prt, flattened_ptr, num_parameters)
-        #     self.get_ptr().to_std(flattened_ptr, num_parameters)
-        flattened_simplextree = self.project_on_line()
-        out = [flattened_simplextree] + [gd.SimplexTree(flattened_simplextree) for _ in range(num_projections-1)]
-
-        # Fills the 1-parameter simplextrees.
-        cdef vector[intptr_t] out_ptrs = [st.thisptr for st in out]
-        with nogil:
-            for i in range(num_projections):
-                self.get_ptr().to_std_linear_projection(out_ptrs[i], c_linear_forms[i])
-        return out
-
-
-    def set_num_parameter(self, num:int):
-        """
-        Sets the numbers of parameters. 
-        WARNING : it will resize all the filtrations to this size. 
-        """
-        self.get_ptr().resize_all_filtrations(num)
-        self.get_ptr().set_number_of_parameters(num)
-        return
-
-    def __eq__(self, other:SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
-        """Test for structural equality
-        :returns: True if the 2 simplex trees are equal, False otherwise.
-        :rtype: bool
-        """
-        return dereference(self.get_ptr()) == dereference(other.get_ptr())
-
-
-
-
-
-# def _simplextree_multify_{{FSHORT}}(simplextree:SimplexTree, int num_parameters, default_values=[])->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-#     """Converts a gudhi simplextree to a multi simplextree.
-#     Parameters
-#     ----------
-
-#     parameters:int = 2
-#         The number of filtrations
-
-#     Returns
-#     -------
-
-#         A multi simplextree, with first filtration value being the one from the original simplextree.
-#     """
-#     if isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
-#         return simplextree
-#     st = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(num_parameters=num_parameters)
-#     cdef intptr_t old_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
-#     {{if is_kcritical}}
-#     cdef {{FSHORT}} c_default_values= _py2kc_{{SHORT}}([default_values])
-#     {{else}}
-#     cdef {{FSHORT}} c_default_values= _py21c_{{SHORT}}([default_values])
-#     {{endif}}
-#     with nogil:
-#         st.get_ptr().from_std(old_ptr, num_parameters, c_default_values)
-#     return st
-
-@cython.boundscheck(False)
-@cython.wraparound(False)
-def _safe_simplextree_multify_{{FSHORT}}(simplextree:SimplexTree,int num_parameters=2, cnp.ndarray default_values=np.array(-np.inf))->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-    if isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
-        return simplextree
-    simplices = [[] for _ in range(simplextree.dimension()+1)]
-    filtration_values = [[] for _ in range(simplextree.dimension()+1)]
-    st_multi = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(num_parameters=1)
-    if num_parameters > 1:
-        st_multi.set_num_parameter(num_parameters)
-    if default_values.squeeze().ndim == 0:
-        default_values = np.zeros(num_parameters-1) + default_values
-
-    # TODO : Optimize with Python.h
-    for s,f in simplextree.get_simplices():
-        filtration_values[len(s)-1].append(np.concatenate([[f],default_values]))
-        simplices[len(s)-1].append(s)
-    for batch_simplices, batch_filtrations in zip(simplices,filtration_values):
-        st_multi.insert_batch(np.asarray(batch_simplices, dtype=np.int32).T, np.asarray(batch_filtrations, dtype={{PYTYPE}}))
-    return st_multi
-
-
-
-@cython.boundscheck(False)
-@cython.wraparound(False)
-def _safe_simplextree_multify_{{FSHORT}}2(simplextree:SimplexTree,int num_parameters=2, cnp.ndarray default_values=np.array(-np.inf))->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
-    if isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
-        return simplextree
-    st_multi = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(num_parameters=num_parameters)
-    if default_values.squeeze().ndim == 0:
-        default_values = np.zeros(num_parameters-1) + default_values
-    cdef int num_simplices = simplextree.num_simplices()
-    cdef int max_dim = simplextree.dimension()
-    dims = np.fromiter((len(s)-1 for s,_ in simplextree.get_simplices()), dtype=np.int32, count=num_simplices)
-    dims = np.unique_counts(dims).counts
-    cdef int[:] cdims = np.cumsum(np.concatenate([[0],dims])).astype(np.int32)
-    
-    # filtration_values = np.asarray([np.concatenate(([f],default_values)) for s,f in simplextree.get_simplices()])
-    cdef double [:,:] filtration_values = np.fromiter((np.concatenate((np.asarray(f)[None],default_values)) for s,f in simplextree.get_simplices()), dtype=np.dtype((np.float64,num_parameters)), count=num_simplices)
-
-    cdef int32_t[:,:] batch_simplices = np.fromiter((np.concatenate([s,np.empty(max_dim+2-len(s))]) for s,f in simplextree.get_simplices()), dtype=np.dtype((np.int32,max_dim+2)), count=num_simplices)
-    # print(filtration_values.shape, batch_simplices.shape)
-    for i in range(max_dim+1):
-        S = batch_simplices[cdims[i]:cdims[i+1]][:,:i+1].T
-        F = filtration_values[cdims[i]:cdims[i+1]]
-        st_multi.insert_batch(S, F)
-        # print(f"adding {S.shape,F.shape}")
-    return st_multi
-{{endfor}}
-
-global available_simplextrees, SimplexTreeMulti_type
-available_simplextrees = tuple((
-  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-    SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}},
-  {{endfor}}
-))
-SimplexTreeMulti_type:type= Union[
-  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-    SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}},
-  {{endfor}}
-]
-
-def is_simplextree_multi(input)->bool:
-  return (False
-  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-    or isinstance(input, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}})
-  {{endfor}}
-  )
-
-
-
-
-
-def SimplexTreeMulti(input=None, int num_parameters=2, dtype:type = np.float64, bool kcritical = False,**kwargs) ->  SimplexTreeMulti_type:
-    """SimplexTreeMulti constructor.
-
-    :param other: If `other` is `None` (default value), an empty `SimplexTreeMulti` is created.
-        If `other` is a `SimplexTree`, the `SimplexTreeMulti` is constructed from a deep copy of `other`.
-        If `other` is a `SimplexTreeMulti`, the `SimplexTreeMulti` is constructed from a deep copy of `other`.
-    :type other: SimplexTree or SimplexTreeMulti (Optional)
-    :param num_parameters: The number of parameter of the multi-parameter filtration.
-    :type num_parameters: int
-    :returns: An empty or a copy simplex tree.
-    :rtype: SimplexTreeMulti
-
-    :raises TypeError: In case `other` is neither `None`, nor a `SimplexTree`, nor a `SimplexTreeMulti`.
-    """
-    cdef dict[tuple[type, bool], type] _st_map = {
-        {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-        (np.dtype({{PYTYPE}}),{{is_kcritical}}): SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}},
-        {{endfor}}
-    }
-    # TODO : check that + kcriticality
-    # if input is not None:
-    #   assert input.dtype is dtype, "SimplexTree conversions are not yet implemented"
-
-    return _st_map[(np.dtype(dtype), kcritical)](input, num_parameters=num_parameters, **kwargs)
-
-
-
-
-## SIGNED MEASURES  STUFF 
-from multipers.grids import sms_in_grid
-
-ctypedef int32_t indices_type # uint fails for some reason
-python_indices_type=np.int32
-
-ctypedef int32_t tensor_dtype
-python_tensor_dtype = np.int32
-
-
-ctypedef pair[vector[vector[indices_type]], vector[tensor_dtype]] signed_measure_type
-
-cdef extern from "multi_parameter_rank_invariant/hilbert_function.h" namespace "Gudhi::multiparameter::hilbert_function":
-  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-  signed_measure_type get_hilbert_signed_measure(Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]&, tensor_dtype* , const vector[indices_type], const vector[indices_type], bool, indices_type, bool, bool) except + nogil
-  {{endfor}}
-
-
-
-
-## Aligns python/cpp
-cdef inline signed_measure_type _hilbert_sm_from_simplextree(object simplextree, tensor_dtype* container_ptr, const vector[indices_type]& c_grid_shape, const vector[indices_type]& degrees, bool zero_pad, indices_type n_jobs, bool verbose, bool expand_collapse):
-  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
-  if False:
-    pass
-{{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-  elif isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
-    with nogil:
-      return get_hilbert_signed_measure(dereference(<Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>simplextree_ptr), container_ptr, c_grid_shape, degrees, zero_pad, n_jobs, verbose, expand_collapse)
-{{endfor}}
-  else:
-    raise ValueError("Input {simplextree} not supported.")
-
-def _hilbert_signed_measure(simplextree, 
-    vector[indices_type] degrees, 
-    mass_default=None, 
-    plot=False, 
-    indices_type n_jobs=0, 
-    bool verbose=False,
-    bool expand_collapse=False, 
-    # grid_conversion = None,
-    ):
-  """
-  Computes the signed measures given by the decomposition of the hilbert function.
-
-  Input
-  -----
-
-   - simplextree:SimplexTreeMulti, the multifiltered simplicial complex
-   - degrees:array-like of ints, the degrees to compute
-   - mass_default: Either None, or 'auto' or 'inf', or array-like of floats. Where to put the default mass to get a zero-mass measure.
-   - plot:bool, plots the computed measures if true.
-   - n_jobs:int, number of jobs. Defaults to #cpu, but when doing parallel computations of signed measures, we recommend setting this to 1.
-   - verbose:bool, prints c++ logs.
-  
-  Output
-  ------
-  
-  `[signed_measure_of_degree for degree in degrees]`
-  with `signed_measure_of_degree` of the form `(dirac location, dirac weights)`.
-  """
-
-  assert simplextree.is_squeezed, "Squeeze grid first."
-  cdef bool zero_pad = mass_default is not None
-  # assert simplextree.num_parameters == 2
-  grid_shape = np.array([len(f) for f in simplextree.filtration_grid])
-  if mass_default is None:
-    mass_default = mass_default
-  else:
-    mass_default = np.asarray(mass_default)
-    assert mass_default.ndim == 1 and mass_default.shape[0] == simplextree.num_parameters
-  if zero_pad:
-    for i, _ in enumerate(grid_shape):
-      grid_shape[i] += 1 # adds a 0
-    # if grid_conversion is not None:
-    #   grid_conversion = tuple(np.concatenate([f, [mass_default[i]]]) for i,f in enumerate(grid_conversion))
-  assert len(grid_shape) == simplextree.num_parameters, "Grid shape size has to be the number of parameters."
-  grid_shape_with_degree = np.asarray(np.concatenate([[len(degrees)], grid_shape]), dtype=python_indices_type)
-  container_array = np.ascontiguousarray(np.zeros(grid_shape_with_degree, dtype=python_tensor_dtype).flatten())
-  assert len(container_array) < np.iinfo(np.uint32).max, "Too large container. Raise an issue on github if you encounter this issue. (Due to tensor's operator[])"
-  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
-  cdef vector[indices_type] c_grid_shape = grid_shape_with_degree
-  cdef tensor_dtype[::1] container = container_array
-  cdef tensor_dtype* container_ptr = &container[0]
-  cdef signed_measure_type out = _hilbert_sm_from_simplextree(simplextree, container_ptr, c_grid_shape, degrees, zero_pad, n_jobs, verbose, expand_collapse)
-  pts, weights = np.asarray(out.first, dtype=python_indices_type).reshape(-1, simplextree.num_parameters+1), np.asarray(out.second, dtype=python_tensor_dtype)
-  slices = np.concatenate([np.searchsorted(pts[:,0], np.arange(degrees.size())), [pts.shape[0]] ])
-  sms = [
-      (pts[slices[i]:slices[i+1],1:],weights[slices[i]:slices[i+1]])
-      for i in range(slices.shape[0]-1)
-  ]
-  # if grid_conversion is not None:
-  #   sms = sms_in_grid(sms,grid_conversion)
-
-  # if plot:
-  #   from multipers.plots import plot_signed_measures
-  #   plot_signed_measures(sms)
-  return sms
-
-
-#### EULER CHAR
-
-cdef extern from "multi_parameter_rank_invariant/euler_characteristic.h" namespace "Gudhi::multiparameter::euler_characteristic":
-  # void get_euler_surface_python(const intptr_t, tensor_dtype*, const vector[indices_type], bool, bool, bool) except + nogil
-  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-  signed_measure_type get_euler_signed_measure(Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]&, tensor_dtype* , const vector[indices_type], bool, bool) except + nogil
-  {{endfor}}
-
-
-## Aligns python/cpp
-cdef inline signed_measure_type _euler_sm_from_simplextree(object simplextree, tensor_dtype* container_ptr, const vector[indices_type]& c_grid_shape,  bool zero_pad, bool verbose):
-  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
-  if False:
-    pass
-{{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-{{if not is_kcritical}}
-  elif isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
-    with nogil:
-      return get_euler_signed_measure(dereference(<Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>simplextree_ptr), container_ptr, c_grid_shape, zero_pad, verbose)
-{{endif}}
-{{endfor}}
-  else:
-    raise ValueError("Input {simplextree} not supported.")
-
-
-def _euler_signed_measure(simplextree, mass_default=None, bool verbose=False):
-  """
-  Computes the signed measures given by the decomposition of the hilbert function.
-
-  Input
-  -----
-
-   - simplextree:SimplexTreeMulti, the multifiltered simplicial complex
-   - mass_default: Either None, or 'auto' or 'inf', or array-like of floats. Where to put the default mass to get a zero-mass measure.
-   - plot:bool, plots the computed measures if true.
-   - n_jobs:int, number of jobs. Defaults to #cpu, but when doing parallel computations of signed measures, we recommend setting this to 1.
-   - verbose:bool, prints c++ logs.
-  
-  Output
-  ------
-
-  `[signed_measure_of_degree for degree in degrees]`
-  with `signed_measure_of_degree` of the form `(dirac location, dirac weights)`.
-  """
-  assert len(simplextree.filtration_grid[0]) > 0, "Squeeze grid first."
-  cdef bool zero_pad = mass_default is not None
-  # assert simplextree.num_parameters == 2
-  grid_shape = np.array([len(f) for f in simplextree.filtration_grid])
-  
-  if mass_default is None:
-    mass_default = mass_default
-  else:
-    mass_default = np.asarray(mass_default)
-    assert mass_default.ndim == 1 and mass_default.shape[0] == simplextree.num_parameters
-  if zero_pad:
-    for i, _ in enumerate(grid_shape):
-      grid_shape[i] += 1 # adds a 0
-    # if grid_conversion is not None:
-    #   grid_conversion = tuple(np.concatenate([f, [mass_default[i]]]) for i,f in enumerate(grid_conversion))
-  assert len(grid_shape) == simplextree.num_parameters, "Grid shape size has to be the number of parameters."
-  container_array = np.ascontiguousarray(np.zeros(grid_shape, dtype=python_tensor_dtype).flatten())
-  assert len(container_array) < np.iinfo(python_indices_type).max, "Too large container. Raise an issue on github if you encounter this issue. (Due to tensor's operator[])"
-  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
-  cdef vector[indices_type] c_grid_shape = grid_shape
-  cdef tensor_dtype[::1] container = container_array
-  cdef tensor_dtype* container_ptr = &container[0]
-  cdef signed_measure_type out
-
-  out = _euler_sm_from_simplextree(simplextree, container_ptr, c_grid_shape, zero_pad, verbose)
-
-  pts, weights = np.asarray(out.first, dtype=python_indices_type).reshape(-1, simplextree.num_parameters), np.asarray(out.second, dtype=python_tensor_dtype)
-  # return pts, weights
-  sm = (pts,weights)
-
-  return sm
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-## Rank invariant
-
-cdef extern from "multi_parameter_rank_invariant/rank_invariant.h" namespace "Gudhi::multiparameter::rank_invariant":
-  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-  void compute_rank_invariant_python(Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]&, tensor_dtype* , const vector[indices_type], const vector[indices_type], indices_type, bool) except + nogil
-  {{endfor}}
-
-
-## Aligns python/cpp
-cdef inline void _rank_sm_from_simplextree(object simplextree, tensor_dtype* container_ptr, const vector[indices_type]& c_grid_shape, const vector[indices_type]& degrees, indices_type n_jobs, bool expand_collapse):
-  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
-  if False:
-    pass
-{{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
-  elif isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
-    with nogil:
-      compute_rank_invariant_python(dereference(<Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>simplextree_ptr), container_ptr, c_grid_shape, degrees, n_jobs, expand_collapse)
-{{endfor}}
-  else:
-    raise ValueError("Input {simplextree} not supported.")
-
-
-def _rank_signed_measure(simplextree, vector[indices_type] degrees, mass_default=None, plot=False, indices_type n_jobs=0, bool verbose=False, bool expand_collapse=False):
-    """
-    Computes the signed measures given by the decomposition of the hilbert function.
-
-    Input
-    -----
-
-     - simplextree:SimplexTreeMulti, the multifiltered simplicial complex
-     - degrees:array-like of ints, the degrees to compute
-     - mass_default: Either None, or 'auto' or 'inf', or array-like of floats. Where to put the default mass to get a zero-mass measure.
-     - plot:bool, plots the computed measures if true.
-     - n_jobs:int, number of jobs. Defaults to #cpu, but when doing parallel computations of signed measures, we recommend setting this to 1.
-     - verbose:bool, prints c++ logs.
-
-    Output
-    ------
-
-    `[signed_measure_of_degree for degree in degrees]`
-    with `signed_measure_of_degree` of the form `(dirac location, dirac weights)`.
-    """
-    assert simplextree.is_squeezed, "Squeeze grid first."
-    cdef bool zero_pad = mass_default is not None
-    # grid_conversion = [np.asarray(f) for f in simplextree.filtration_grid]
-    # assert simplextree.num_parameters == 2
-    # grid_shape = np.array([len(f) for f in grid_conversion])
-    grid_shape = np.array([len(f) for f in simplextree.filtration_grid])
-
-    if mass_default is None:
-        mass_default = mass_default
-    else:
-        mass_default = np.asarray(mass_default)
-        assert mass_default.ndim == 1 and mass_default.shape[0] == simplextree.num_parameters, "Mass default has to be an array like of shape (num_parameters,)"
-    if zero_pad:
-        for i, _ in enumerate(grid_shape):
-            grid_shape[i] += 1 # adds a 0
-        # grid_conversion = tuple(np.concatenate([f, [mass_default[i]]]) for i,f in enumerate(grid_conversion))
-
-    assert len(grid_shape) == simplextree.num_parameters, "Grid shape size has to be the number of parameters."
-    grid_shape_with_degree = np.asarray(np.concatenate([[len(degrees)], grid_shape, grid_shape]), dtype=python_indices_type)
-    container_array = np.ascontiguousarray(np.zeros(grid_shape_with_degree, dtype=python_tensor_dtype).flatten())
-    assert len(container_array) < np.iinfo(python_indices_type).max, "Too large container. Raise an issue on github if you encounter this issue. (Due to tensor's operator[])"
-    cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
-    cdef vector[indices_type] c_grid_shape = grid_shape_with_degree
-    cdef tensor_dtype[::1] container = container_array
-    cdef tensor_dtype* container_ptr = &container[0]
-    _rank_sm_from_simplextree(simplextree, container_ptr,c_grid_shape,degrees, n_jobs, expand_collapse)
-    rank = container_array.reshape(grid_shape_with_degree)
-    rank = tuple(rank_decomposition_by_rectangles(rank_of_degree, threshold = zero_pad) for rank_of_degree in rank)
-    out = []
-    cdef int num_parameters = simplextree.num_parameters
-    for rank_decomposition in rank:
-        (coords, weights) = sparsify(np.ascontiguousarray(rank_decomposition))
-        births = coords[:,:num_parameters]
-        deaths = coords[:,num_parameters:]
-        correct_indices = np.all(births<=deaths, axis=1) # TODO : correct this
-        coords = coords[correct_indices]
-        weights = weights[correct_indices]
-        if len(correct_indices) == 0:
-            coords, weights = np.empty((0, 2*num_parameters)), np.empty((0))
-        # else:
-        #     pts = np.empty(shape=coords.shape, dtype=grid_conversion[0].dtype)
-        #     for i in range(pts.shape[1]):
-        #         pts[:,i] = grid_conversion[i % num_parameters][coords[:,i]]
-        rank_decomposition = (coords,weights)
-        out.append(rank_decomposition)
-
-    #  if plot:
-    #      from multipers.plots import plot_signed_measures
-    #      plot_signed_measures(out)
-    return out
-
+{{py:
+
+"""
+Templated simplextree multi
+"""
+
+import pickle 
+with open("build/tmp/_simplextrees_.pkl", "rb") as f:
+    to_iter = pickle.load(f)
+
+st_map = {}
+for CTYPE,PYTYPE, SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter:
+    st_map[PYTYPE, is_kcritical] = CTYPE
+
+}}
+
+
+
+
+# This file is part of the Gudhi Library - https://gudhi.inria.fr/ - which is released under MIT.
+# See file LICENSE or go to https://gudhi.inria.fr/licensing/ for full license details.
+# Author(s):       Vincent Rouvreau
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Inria
+#
+# Modification(s):
+#  - 2023 David Loiseaux : Conversions with standard simplextree, scc2020 format, edge collapses, euler characteristic, grid filtrations.
+#  - 2022/11 Hannah Schreiber / David Loiseaux : adapt for multipersistence. 
+#   - YYYY/MM Author: Description of the modification
+
+
+
+__author__ = "Vincent Rouvreau"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2016 Inria"
+__license__ = "MIT"
+
+from libc.stdint cimport intptr_t, int32_t, int64_t
+from cython.operator import dereference, preincrement
+from libc.stdint cimport intptr_t
+from libc.stdint cimport uintptr_t, intptr_t
+from libcpp.map cimport map
+from libcpp.utility cimport pair
+
+ctypedef fused some_int:
+    int32_t
+    int64_t
+    int
+
+ctypedef fused some_float:
+    float
+    double
+    int32_t
+    int64_t
+
+ctypedef vector[pair[pair[int,int],pair[float,float]]] edge_list_type
+
+from typing import Any, Union, ClassVar
+
+cimport numpy as cnp
+import numpy as np
+cnp.import_array()
+
+from multipers.simplex_tree_multi cimport *
+from multipers.filtration_conversions cimport *
+cimport cython
+from gudhi.simplex_tree import SimplexTree ## Small hack for typing
+from typing import Iterable,Literal,Optional
+from tqdm import tqdm
+from multipers.grids import Lstrategies, compute_grid
+from multipers.point_measure import signed_betti, rank_decomposition_by_rectangles, sparsify
+
+from warnings import warn
+
+SAFE_CONVERSION=False #Slower but at least it works everywhere
+
+_available_strategies =Lstrategies
+
+
+
+{{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+
+
+
+ctypedef {{Filtration}} {{FSHORT}} 
+
+
+
+# SimplexTree python interface
+cdef class SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+    """The simplex tree is an efficient and flexible data structure for
+    representing general (filtered) simplicial complexes. The data structure
+    is described in Jean-Daniel Boissonnat and Clément Maria. The Simplex
+    Tree: An Efficient Data Structure for General Simplicial Complexes.
+    Algorithmica, pages 1–22, 2014.
+
+    This class is a multi-filtered, with keys, and non contiguous vertices version
+    of the simplex tree. 
+    """
+    cdef public intptr_t thisptr
+
+    cdef public vector[vector[double]] filtration_grid
+    cdef public bool _is_function_simplextree 
+    # Get the pointer casted as it should be
+    cdef Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]* get_ptr(self) noexcept nogil:
+        return <Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>(self.thisptr)
+
+    # cdef Simplex_tree_persistence_interface * pcohptr
+    # Fake constructor that does nothing but documenting the constructor
+    def __init__(self, other = None, num_parameters:int=-1,default_values=[], safe_conversion=False):
+        """SimplexTreeMulti constructor.
+
+        :param other: If `other` is `None` (default value), an empty `SimplexTreeMulti` is created.
+            If `other` is a `SimplexTree`, the `SimplexTreeMulti` is constructed from a deep copy of `other`.
+            If `other` is a `SimplexTreeMulti`, the `SimplexTreeMulti` is constructed from a deep copy of `other`.
+        :type other: SimplexTree or SimplexTreeMulti (Optional)
+        :param num_parameters: The number of parameter of the multi-parameter filtration.
+        :type num_parameters: int
+        :returns: An empty or a copy simplex tree.
+        :rtype: SimplexTreeMulti
+
+        :raises TypeError: In case `other` is neither `None`, nor a `SimplexTree`, nor a `SimplexTreeMulti`.
+        """
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef {{CTYPE}} T_minus_inf():
+          {{if SHORT[0] == 'f'}}
+      return <{{CTYPE}}>(-np.inf)
+          {{else}}
+      return <{{CTYPE}}>(np.iinfo({{PYTYPE}}).min)
+          {{endif}}
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef {{CTYPE}} T_inf():
+          {{if SHORT[0] == 'f'}}
+      return <{{CTYPE}}>(np.inf)
+          {{else}}
+      return <{{CTYPE}}>(np.iinfo({{PYTYPE}}).max)
+          {{endif}}
+    @property
+    def is_kcritical(self)->bool:
+      return {{is_kcritical}}
+    # The real cython constructor
+    def __cinit__(self, other = None, int num_parameters=-1, 
+                  default_values=np.asarray([SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}.T_minus_inf()]), # I'm not sure why `[]` does not work. Cython bug ? 
+                  bool safe_conversion=False,
+                  ): #TODO doc
+        {{if is_kcritical}}
+        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_default_values = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray([default_values], dtype= {{PYTYPE}}))
+        {{else}}
+        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_default_values = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(default_values, dtype={{PYTYPE}}))
+        {{endif}}
+        cdef intptr_t other_ptr
+        cdef char[:] buffer
+        cdef size_t buffer_size
+        cdef char* buffer_start
+        if other is not None:
+            if isinstance(other, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
+                other_ptr = other.thisptr
+                self.thisptr = <intptr_t>(new Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}](dereference(<Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>other_ptr))) ## prevents calling destructor of other
+                if num_parameters <=0:
+                    num_parameters = other.num_parameters
+                self.filtration_grid = other.filtration_grid
+            elif isinstance(other, SimplexTree): # Constructs a SimplexTreeMulti from a SimplexTree
+                self.thisptr = <intptr_t>(new Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]())
+                if num_parameters <= 0:
+                    num_parameters = 1
+                if safe_conversion or SAFE_CONVERSION:
+                    new_st_multi  = _safe_simplextree_multify_{{FSHORT}}(other, num_parameters = num_parameters, default_values=np.asarray(default_values))
+                    self.thisptr, new_st_multi.thisptr = new_st_multi.thisptr, self.thisptr
+                else:
+                    stree_buffer = other.__getstate__()
+                    buffer = stree_buffer
+                    buffer_size = buffer.shape[0]
+                    buffer_start = &buffer[0]
+
+                    with nogil:
+                        self.get_ptr().from_std(buffer_start, buffer_size, num_parameters, c_default_values)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("`other` argument requires to be of type `SimplexTree`, `SimplexTreeMulti`, or `None`.")
+        else:
+            if num_parameters <=0:
+                num_parameters = 2 # I don't know how dangerous this is, but this is mostly used.
+            self.thisptr = <intptr_t>(new Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]())
+        self.set_num_parameter(num_parameters)
+        self._is_function_simplextree = False
+        self.filtration_grid=[[]*num_parameters]
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}},{{CTYPE}}]* ptr = self.get_ptr()
+        if ptr != NULL:
+            del ptr
+            # TODO : is that enough ??
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"SimplexTreeMulti[dtype={np.dtype(self.dtype).name},num_param={self.num_parameters},kcritical={self.is_kcritical},is_squeezed={self.is_squeezed},max_dim={self.dimension}]" 
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self.num_simplices
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        """:returns: Serialized (or flattened) SimplexTree data structure in order to pickle SimplexTree.
+        :rtype: numpy.array of shape (n,)
+        """
+        cdef size_t buffer_size = self.get_ptr().get_serialization_size()
+        # Let's use numpy to allocate a buffer. Will be deleted automatically
+        np_buffer = np.empty(buffer_size, dtype='B')
+        cdef char[:] buffer = np_buffer
+        cdef char* buffer_start = &buffer[0]
+        with nogil:
+            self.get_ptr().serialize(buffer_start, buffer_size)
+        
+        return np_buffer
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        """Construct the SimplexTree data structure from a Numpy Array (cf. :func:`~gudhi.SimplexTree.__getstate__`)
+        in order to unpickle a SimplexTree.
+        
+        :param state: Serialized SimplexTree data structure
+        :type state: numpy.array of shape (n,)
+        """
+        cdef char[:] buffer = state
+        cdef size_t buffer_size = state.shape[0]
+        cdef char* buffer_start = &buffer[0]
+        with nogil:
+            # deserialization requires an empty SimplexTree
+            self.get_ptr().clear()
+            # New pointer is a deserialized simplex tree
+            self.get_ptr().deserialize(buffer_start, buffer_size)
+
+
+    def copy(self)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """
+        :returns: A simplex tree that is a deep copy of itself.
+        :rtype: SimplexTreeMulti
+
+        :note: The persistence information is not copied. If you need it in the clone, you have to call
+            :func:`compute_persistence` on it even if you had already computed it in the original.
+        """
+        stree = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(self,num_parameters=self.num_parameters)
+        stree.filtration_grid = self.filtration_grid
+        stree._is_function_simplextree  = self._is_function_simplextree
+        return stree
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self):
+        return self.copy()
+
+    def filtration(self, simplex:list|np.ndarray)->np.ndarray:
+        """This function returns the filtration value for a given N-simplex in
+        this simplicial complex, or +infinity if it is not in the complex.
+        :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
+        :type simplex: list of int
+        :returns:  The simplicial complex multi-critical filtration value.
+        :rtype:  numpy array of shape (-1, num_parameters)
+        """
+        return self[simplex]
+
+    def assign_filtration(self, simplex:list|np.ndarray, filtration:list|np.ndarray)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """This function assigns a new multi-critical filtration value to a
+        given N-simplex.
+
+        :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
+        :type simplex: list of int
+        :param filtration:  The new filtration(s) value(s), concatenated.
+        :type filtration:  list[float] or np.ndarray[float, ndim=1]
+
+        .. note::
+            Beware that after this operation, the structure may not be a valid
+            filtration anymore, a simplex could have a lower filtration value
+            than one of its faces. Callers are responsible for fixing this
+            (with more :meth:`assign_filtration` or
+             :meth:`make_filtration_non_decreasing` for instance) before calling
+            any function that relies on the filtration property, like
+            :meth:`persistence`.
+        """
+        assert len(filtration)>0 and len(filtration) % self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters() == 0
+        # self.get_ptr().assign_simplex_filtration(simplex, {{FSHORT}}(<python_filtration_type>filtration))
+        {{if is_kcritical}}
+        filtration = np.asarray(filtration, dtype={{PYTYPE}})[None,:]
+        self.get_ptr().assign_simplex_filtration(simplex, _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(filtration))
+        {{else}}
+        filtration = np.asarray(filtration, dtype={{PYTYPE}})
+        self.get_ptr().assign_simplex_filtration(simplex, _py21c_{{SHORT}}(filtration))
+        {{endif}}
+        return self
+
+    def __getitem__(self, simplex)->np.ndarray:
+        cdef vector[int] csimplex = simplex 
+        cdef {{FSHORT}}* f_ptr = self.get_ptr().simplex_filtration(csimplex)
+        {{if is_kcritical}}
+        return _ff2kcview_{{SHORT}}(f_ptr)
+        {{else}}
+        return _ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(f_ptr)
+        {{endif}}
+
+
+    @property
+    def num_vertices(self)->int:
+        """This function returns the number of vertices of the simplicial
+        complex.
+
+        :returns:  The simplicial complex number of vertices.
+        :rtype:  int
+        """
+        return self.get_ptr().num_vertices()
+
+    @property
+    def num_simplices(self)->int:
+        """This function returns the number of simplices of the simplicial
+        complex.
+
+        :returns:  the simplicial complex number of simplices.
+        :rtype:  int
+        """
+        return self.get_ptr().num_simplices()
+
+    @property
+    def dimension(self)->int:
+        """This function returns the dimension of the simplicial complex.
+
+        :returns:  the simplicial complex dimension.
+        :rtype:  int
+
+        .. note::
+
+            This function is not constant time because it can recompute
+            dimension if required (can be triggered by
+            :func:`remove_maximal_simplex`
+            or
+            :func:`prune_above_filtration`
+            methods).
+        """
+        return self.get_ptr().dimension()
+    def upper_bound_dimension(self)->int:
+        """This function returns a valid dimension upper bound of the
+        simplicial complex.
+
+        :returns:  an upper bound on the dimension of the simplicial complex.
+        :rtype:  int
+        """
+        return self.get_ptr().upper_bound_dimension()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+      for stuff in self.get_simplices():
+        yield stuff
+
+    def flagify(self, const int dim=2):
+        """
+        Turns this simplicial complex into a flag
+        complex by resetting filtration values of
+        simplices of dimension > `dim` by 
+        lower-star values.
+        """
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
+
+        cdef One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}] minf = One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}](self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters())
+        cdef int simplex_dimension
+        with nogil:
+            while it != end:
+                pair_sf =<pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
+                simplex_dimension = <int>(pair_sf.first.size())-1
+                if simplex_dimension<dim:
+                  preincrement(it)
+                  continue
+                dereference(pair_sf.second).pull_to_greatest_common_lower_bound(minf)
+                preincrement(it)
+        self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
+        return self
+
+    def set_dimension(self, int dimension)->None:
+        """This function sets the dimension of the simplicial complex.
+
+        :param dimension: The new dimension value.
+        :type dimension: int
+
+        .. note::
+
+            This function must be used with caution because it disables
+            dimension recomputation when required
+            (this recomputation can be triggered by
+            :func:`remove_maximal_simplex`
+            or
+            :func:`prune_above_filtration`
+            ).
+        """
+        self.get_ptr().set_dimension(dimension)
+
+    def __contains__(self, simplex):
+        """This function returns if the N-simplex was found in the simplicial
+        complex or not.
+
+        :param simplex: The N-simplex to find, represented by a list of vertex.
+        :type simplex: list of int
+        :returns:  true if the simplex was found, false otherwise.
+        :rtype:  bool
+        """
+        if len(simplex) == 0:
+          return False
+        if isinstance(simplex[0], Iterable):
+          s,f = simplex
+          if not self.get_ptr().find_simplex(simplex):
+            return False
+          current_f = np.asarray(self[s])
+          return np.all(np.asarray(f)>=current_f)
+
+        return self.get_ptr().find_simplex(simplex)
+
+    def insert(self, vector[int] simplex, filtration:list|np.ndarray|None=None)->bool:
+        """This function inserts the given N-simplex and its subfaces with the
+        given filtration value (default value is '0.0'). If some of those
+        simplices are already present with a higher filtration value, their
+        filtration value is lowered.
+
+        :param simplex: The N-simplex to insert, represented by a list of
+            vertex.
+        :type simplex: list of int
+        :param filtration: The filtration value of the simplex.
+        :type filtration: float
+        :returns:  true if the simplex was not yet in the complex, false
+            otherwise (whatever its original filtration value).
+        :rtype:  bool
+        """
+        # TODO C++, to be compatible with insert_batch and multicritical filtrations
+        num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
+        assert filtration is None or len(filtration) % num_parameters == 0, f"Invalid number \
+                of parameters. Should be {num_parameters}, got {len(filtration)}"
+        if filtration is None:
+            filtration = np.array([-np.inf]*num_parameters, dtype = float)
+
+        filtration = np.asarray(filtration, dtype = {{PYTYPE}})
+
+        {{if is_kcritical}}
+        from itertools import chain, combinations
+
+        def powerset(iterable):
+            s = tuple(iterable)
+            return chain.from_iterable(combinations(s, r) for r in range(1,len(s)+1)) # skip the empty splx
+        cdef {{FSHORT}}* current_filtration_ptr
+        cdef vector[vector[int]] simplices_filtration_to_insert = powerset(simplex) # TODO : optimize
+
+        if self.get_ptr().find_simplex(simplex):
+          for i in range(simplices_filtration_to_insert.size()):
+            current_filtration_ptr = self.get_ptr().simplex_filtration(simplices_filtration_to_insert[i])
+            dereference(current_filtration_ptr).add_generator(_py21c_{{SHORT}}(filtration))
+          return True ## TODO : we may want to return false if this birth wasn't necessary
+        cdef {{Filtration}} cfiltration = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(filtration[None,:])
+        {{else}}
+        cdef {{Filtration}} cfiltration = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(filtration)
+        {{endif}}
+        return self.get_ptr().insert(simplex,cfiltration)
+
+    {{if not is_kcritical}}
+    @cython.boundscheck(False)
+    @cython.wraparound(False)
+    def insert_batch(self,  vertex_array,  filtrations)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}} :
+        """Inserts k-simplices given by a sparse array in a format similar
+        to `torch.sparse <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/sparse.html>`_.
+        The n-th simplex has vertices `vertex_array[0,n]`, ...,
+        `vertex_array[k,n]` and filtration value `filtrations[n,num_parameters]`.
+        /!\ Only compatible with 1-critical filtrations. If a simplex is repeated, 
+        only one filtration value will be taken into account.
+
+        :param vertex_array: the k-simplices to insert.
+        :type vertex_array: numpy.array of shape (k+1,n)
+        :param filtrations: the filtration values.
+        :type filtrations: numpy.array of shape (n,num_parameters)
+        """
+        # TODO : multi-critical
+        # cdef vector[int] vertices = np.unique(vertex_array)
+        cdef int[:,:] vertex_array_ = np.asarray(vertex_array, dtype=np.int32)
+        cdef Py_ssize_t k = vertex_array_.shape[0]
+        cdef Py_ssize_t n = vertex_array_.shape[1]
+        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()    
+        cdef bool empty_filtration = (filtrations.size == 0)
+        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:] F_view = np.asarray(filtrations, dtype = {{PYTYPE}})
+
+        if not empty_filtration :
+            assert filtrations.shape[0] == n, f"inconsistent sizes for vertex_array and filtrations\
+                    Filtrations should be of shape ({n},{self.num_parameters})"
+            assert filtrations.shape[1] == num_parameters, f"Inconsistent number of parameters.\
+                    Filtrations should be of shape ({n},{self.num_parameters})"
+        cdef Py_ssize_t i
+        cdef Py_ssize_t j
+        cdef vector[int] v
+        cdef {{Filtration}} w
+        if empty_filtration:
+            w = One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}](num_parameters) # at -inf by default
+        with nogil:
+            for i in range(n):
+                # vertex
+                for j in range(k):
+                    v.push_back(vertex_array_[j, i])
+                #filtration
+                if not empty_filtration:
+                    # for j in range(num_parameters):
+                    #     w.push_back(<{{CTYPE}}>filtrations[i,j])
+                    w = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(F_view[i,:])
+                self.get_ptr().insert(v, w)
+                v.clear()
+        #repair filtration if necessary
+        if empty_filtration:
+            self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
+        return self
+
+    def lower_star_multi_filtration_update(self, nodes_filtrations):
+        """
+        Updates the multi filtration of the simplextree to the lower-star
+        filtration defined on the vertices, by `node_filtrations`.
+        """
+        cdef Py_ssize_t num_vertices = nodes_filtrations.shape[0]
+        cdef Py_ssize_t num_parameters = nodes_filtrations.shape[1]
+        assert self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters() == num_parameters and self.num_vertices == num_vertices, f"Invalid shape {nodes_filtrations.shape}. Should be (?,{self.num_parameters=})."
+
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
+        cdef Py_ssize_t node_idx = 0
+        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:] F = nodes_filtrations
+        cdef {{CTYPE}} minus_inf = -np.inf
+        with nogil:
+            while it != end:
+                pair_sf = <pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
+                if pair_sf.first.size() == 1: # dimension == 0
+                    {{if is_kcritical}}
+                    for i in range(pair_sf.second.size()):
+                        for j in range(num_parameters):
+                            dereference(pair_sf.second)[i][j] = F[node_idx,j]
+                    {{else}}
+                    for i in range(num_parameters):
+                        dereference(pair_sf.second)[i] = F[node_idx,i]
+                    {{endif}}
+                    node_idx += 1
+                    # with gil:
+                    #   print(pair_sf.first, node_idx,i, F[node_idx,i])
+                else:
+                    {{if is_kcritical}}
+                    for i in range(pair_sf.second.size()):
+                        for j in range(num_parameters):
+                            dereference(pair_sf.second)[i][j] = minus_inf
+                    {{else}}
+                    for i in range(num_parameters):
+                        dereference(pair_sf.second)[i] = minus_inf
+                    {{endif}}
+                preincrement(it)
+        self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
+        return self
+
+
+    def assign_all(self, filtration_values)-> SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """
+        Updates the filtration values of all of the simplices, with `filtration_values`
+        with order given by the simplextree iterator, e.g. self.get_simplices().
+        """
+        cdef Py_ssize_t num_simplices = filtration_values.shape[0] 
+        cdef Py_ssize_t num_parameters = filtration_values.shape[1]
+
+        assert num_simplices == self.num_simplices, f"Number of filtration values {filtration_values.shape[0]} is not the number of simplices {self.num_simplices}"
+        assert num_parameters == self.num_parameters, f"Number of parameter do not coincide {filtration_values.shape[1]} vs {self.num_parameters}"
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplex_handle[{{FSHORT}}] sh = dereference(it)
+        cdef int counter =0
+        # cdef cnp.ndarray[{{CTYPE}},ndim=1] current_filtration
+        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:] F = filtration_values 
+        with nogil:
+            while it != end:
+                pair_sf =<pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
+
+                for i in range(num_parameters):
+                    dereference(pair_sf.second)[i] = F[counter,i]
+                # current_filtration= F[counter]
+                counter += 1
+                # yield SimplexTreeMulti._pair_simplex_filtration_to_python(out)
+                preincrement(it)
+
+
+
+    @cython.boundscheck(False)
+    @cython.wraparound(False)
+    def assign_batch_filtration(self, some_int[:,:] vertex_array, some_float[:,:]  filtrations, bool propagate=True)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """Assign k-simplices given by a sparse array in a format similar
+        to `torch.sparse <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/sparse.html>`_.
+        The n-th simplex has vertices `vertex_array[0,n]`, ...,
+        `vertex_array[k,n]` and filtration value `filtrations[n,num_parameters]`.
+        /!\ Only compatible with 1-critical filtrations. If a simplex is repeated, 
+        only one filtration value will be taken into account.
+
+        :param vertex_array: the k-simplices to assign.
+        :type vertex_array: numpy.array of shape (k+1,n)
+        :param filtrations: the filtration values.
+        :type filtrations: numpy.array of shape (n,num_parameters)
+        """
+        cdef Py_ssize_t k = vertex_array.shape[0]
+        cdef Py_ssize_t n = vertex_array.shape[1]
+        assert filtrations.shape[0] == n, 'inconsistent sizes for vertex_array and filtrations'
+        assert filtrations.shape[1] == self.num_parameters, "wrong number of parameters"
+        cdef Py_ssize_t i
+        cdef Py_ssize_t j
+        cdef vector[int] v
+        cdef One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}] w
+        cdef int n_parameters = self.num_parameters
+        with nogil:
+            for i in range(n):
+                for j in range(k):
+                    v.push_back(vertex_array[j, i])
+                for j in range(n_parameters):
+                    w.push_back(<{{CTYPE}}>filtrations[i,j])
+                self.get_ptr().assign_simplex_filtration(v, w)
+                v.clear()
+                w.clear()
+        if propagate: self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
+        return self
+
+    def euler_characteristic(self, dtype = {{PYTYPE}}):
+        """This function returns a generator with simplices and their given
+        filtration values.
+
+        :returns:  The simplices.
+        :rtype:  generator with tuples(simplex, filtration)
+        """
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplex_handle[{{FSHORT}}] sh = dereference(it)
+        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
+        cdef dict[tuple,int] out = {}
+        cdef int dim
+        while it != end:
+            pair_sf = <pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
+            # TODO: optimize https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16589791/most-efficient-property-to-hash-for-numpy-array
+            key = tuple(_ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(pair_sf.second))
+            dim = pair_sf.first.size() -1 % 2
+            out[key] = out.get(key,0)+(-1)**dim
+        num_keys = len(out)
+        new_pts = np.fromiter(out.keys(), dtype=np.dtype((dtype,num_parameters)), count=num_keys) 
+        new_weights = np.fromiter(out.values(), dtype=np.int32, count=num_keys)
+        idx = np.nonzero(new_weights)
+        new_pts = new_pts[idx]
+        new_weights = new_weights[idx]
+        return (new_pts, new_weights)
+    
+    {{else}}
+
+    @cython.boundscheck(False)
+    @cython.wraparound(False)
+    def insert_batch(self, vertex_array, filtrations)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}} :
+        """Inserts k-simplices given by a sparse array in a format similar
+        to `torch.sparse <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/sparse.html>`_.
+        The i-th simplex has vertices `vertex_array[0,i]`, ...,
+        `vertex_array[n,i]` and j-th filtration value `filtrations[i,j,num_parameters]`.
+
+        :param vertex_array: the k-simplices to insert.
+        :type vertex_array: numpy.array of shape (k+1,n)
+        :param filtrations: the filtration values.
+        :type filtrations: numpy.array of shape (n, max_critical_degree, num_parameters)
+        """
+        # TODO : multi-critical
+        # cdef vector[int] vertices = np.unique(vertex_array)
+
+        cdef int[:,:] vertex_array_ = np.asarray(vertex_array, dtype=np.int32) 
+        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:,:] filtrations_ = np.asarray(filtrations, dtype={{PYTYPE}}) 
+        cdef Py_ssize_t k = vertex_array_.shape[0]
+        cdef Py_ssize_t n = vertex_array_.shape[1]
+        cdef Py_ssize_t max_crit_deg = filtrations_.shape[1]
+        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()    
+        cdef bool empty_filtration = (filtrations_.size == 0)
+
+        if not empty_filtration :
+            assert filtrations_.shape[0] == n and filtrations_.shape[2] == num_parameters, f"""
+            Inconsistent sizes for vertex_array and filtrations\n
+            Filtrations should be of shape ({n},k, {self.num_parameters})
+            """
+        cdef Py_ssize_t i
+        cdef Py_ssize_t j
+        cdef vector[int] v
+        cdef One_critical_filtration[{{CTYPE}}] w_temp
+        cdef {{Filtration}} w
+        if empty_filtration:
+            w = {{Filtration}}() # at -inf by default
+        with nogil:
+            for i in range(n):
+                v.clear()
+                # vertex
+                for j in range(k):
+                    v.push_back(vertex_array_[j, i])
+                #filtration
+                if not empty_filtration:
+                    w =  _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(filtrations_[i])
+                self.get_ptr().insert(v, w)
+
+        #repair filtration if necessary
+        if empty_filtration:
+            self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()
+        return self
+    {{endif}}
+
+
+    def get_simplices(self)->Iterable[tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]]:
+        """This function returns a generator with simplices and their given
+        filtration values.
+
+        :returns:  The simplices.
+        :rtype:  generator with tuples(simplex, filtration)
+        """
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_begin()
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplices_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_simplices_iterator_end()
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_simplex_handle[{{FSHORT}}] sh = dereference(it)
+        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
+        while it != end:
+            pair_sf = <pair[simplex_type, {{FSHORT}}*]> self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
+            yield (
+              np.asarray(pair_sf.first, dtype=int),
+           {{if is_kcritical}}
+            _ff2kcview_{{SHORT}}(pair_sf.second)
+            {{else}}
+            _ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(pair_sf.second)
+            {{endif}}
+            )
+            preincrement(it)
+
+
+
+    def persistence_approximation(self, **kwargs):
+        from multipers.multiparameter_module_approximation import module_approximation
+        return module_approximation(self, **kwargs)
+
+
+    def get_skeleton(self, dimension)->Iterable[tuple[np.ndarray,np.ndarray]]:
+        """This function returns a generator with the (simplices of the) skeleton of a maximum given dimension.
+
+        :param dimension: The skeleton dimension value.
+        :type dimension: int
+        :returns:  The (simplices of the) skeleton of a maximum dimension.
+        :rtype:  generator with tuples(simplex, filtration)
+        """
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_skeleton_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_skeleton_iterator_begin(dimension)
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_skeleton_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_skeleton_iterator_end(dimension)
+        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
+        while it != end:
+            # yield self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
+            pair = self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
+            yield (np.asarray(pair.first, dtype=int),
+            {{if is_kcritical}}
+            _ff2kcview_{{SHORT}}(pair.second)
+            {{else}}
+            _ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(pair.second)
+            {{endif}}
+            )
+            preincrement(it)
+
+   #  def get_star(self, simplex):
+   #      """This function returns the star of a given N-simplex.
+
+   #      :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
+   #      :type simplex: list of int
+   #      :returns:  The (simplices of the) star of a simplex.
+   #      :rtype:  list of tuples(simplex, filtration)
+   #      """
+   #      cdef simplex_type csimplex = simplex
+   #      cdef int num_parameters = self.num_parameters
+   #      # for i in simplex:
+   #      #   csimplex.push_back(i)
+   #      cdef vector[simplex_filtration_type] star \
+   #              = self.get_ptr().get_star(csimplex)
+   #      ct = []
+
+   #      for filtered_simplex in star:
+   #          v = []
+   #          for vertex in filtered_simplex.first:
+   #              v.append(vertex)
+   #          ct.append((v, np.asarray(<{{CTYPE}}[:num_parameters]>filtered_simplex.second)))
+   #      return ct
+
+    # def get_cofaces(self, simplex, codimension):
+    #     """This function returns the cofaces of a given N-simplex with a
+    #     given codimension.
+
+    #     :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
+    #     :type simplex: list of int
+    #     :param codimension: The codimension. If codimension = 0, all cofaces
+    #         are returned (equivalent of get_star function)
+    #     :type codimension: int
+    #     :returns:  The (simplices of the) cofaces of a simplex
+    #     :rtype:  list of tuples(simplex, filtration)
+    #     """
+    #     cdef vector[int] csimplex = simplex
+    #     cdef int num_parameters = self.num_parameters
+    #     # for i in simplex:
+    #     #   csimplex.push_back(i)
+    #     cdef vector[simplex_filtration_type] cofaces \
+    #             = self.get_ptr().get_cofaces(csimplex, <int>codimension)
+    #     ct = []
+    #     for filtered_simplex in cofaces:
+    #         v = []
+    #         for vertex in filtered_simplex.first:
+    #             v.append(vertex)
+    #         ct.append((v, np.asarray(<{{CTYPE}}[:num_parameters]>filtered_simplex.second)))
+    #     return ct
+
+    def get_boundaries(self, simplex)->Iterable[tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]]:
+        """This function returns a generator with the boundaries of a given N-simplex.
+        If you do not need the filtration values, the boundary can also be obtained as
+        :code:`itertools.combinations(simplex,len(simplex)-1)`.
+
+        :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
+        :type simplex: list of int.
+        :returns:  The (simplices of the) boundary of a simplex
+        :rtype:  generator with tuples(simplex, filtration)
+        """
+        cdef pair[Simplex_tree_multi_boundary_iterator[{{FSHORT}}], Simplex_tree_multi_boundary_iterator[{{FSHORT}}]] it =  self.get_ptr().get_boundary_iterators(simplex)
+
+        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
+        while it.first != it.second:
+            # yield self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
+            pair = self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it.first))
+            yield (np.asarray(pair.first, dtype=int),
+            {{if is_kcritical}}
+            _ff2kcview_{{SHORT}}(pair.second)
+            {{else}}
+            _ff21cview_{{SHORT}}(pair.second)
+            {{endif}}
+            )
+            preincrement(it.first)
+    def remove_maximal_simplex(self, simplex)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """This function removes a given maximal N-simplex from the simplicial
+        complex.
+
+        :param simplex: The N-simplex, represented by a list of vertex.
+        :type simplex: list of int
+
+        .. note::
+
+            The dimension of the simplicial complex may be lower after calling
+            remove_maximal_simplex than it was before. However,
+            :func:`upper_bound_dimension`
+            method will return the old value, which
+            remains a valid upper bound. If you care, you can call
+            :func:`dimension`
+            to recompute the exact dimension.
+        """
+        self.get_ptr().remove_maximal_simplex(simplex)
+        return self
+
+    # def prune_above_filtration(self, filtration)->bool:
+    #   """Prune above filtration value given as parameter.
+
+    #   :param filtration: Maximum threshold value.
+    #   :type filtration: float
+    #   :returns: The filtration modification information.
+    #   :rtype: bool
+
+
+    #   .. note::
+
+    #     Note that the dimension of the simplicial complex may be lower
+    #     after calling
+    #     :func:`prune_above_filtration`
+    #     than it was before. However,
+    #     :func:`upper_bound_dimension`
+    #     will return the old value, which remains a
+    #     valid upper bound. If you care, you can call
+    #     :func:`dimension`
+    #     method to recompute the exact dimension.
+    #   """
+    #   return self.get_ptr().prune_above_filtration(filtration)
+    def prune_above_dimension(self, int dimension):
+        """Remove all simplices of dimension greater than a given value.
+
+        :param dimension: Maximum dimension value.
+        :type dimension: int
+        :returns: The modification information.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        return self.get_ptr().prune_above_dimension(dimension)
+
+    {{if not is_kcritical}}
+    def expansion(self, int max_dim)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """Expands the simplex tree containing only its one skeleton
+        until dimension max_dim.
+
+        The expanded simplicial complex until dimension :math:`d`
+        attached to a graph :math:`G` is the maximal simplicial complex of
+        dimension at most :math:`d` admitting the graph :math:`G` as
+        :math:`1`-skeleton.
+        The filtration value assigned to a simplex is the maximal filtration
+        value of one of its edges.
+
+        The simplex tree must contain no simplex of dimension bigger than
+        1 when calling the method.
+
+        :param max_dim: The maximal dimension.
+        :type max_dim: int
+        """
+        with nogil:
+            self.get_ptr().expansion(max_dim)
+            # This is a fix for multipersistence. FIXME expansion in c++
+            self.get_ptr().make_filtration_non_decreasing()
+        return self
+
+    def make_filtration_non_decreasing(self)->bool: 
+        """This function ensures that each simplex has a higher filtration
+        value than its faces by increasing the filtration values.
+
+        :returns: True if any filtration value was modified,
+            False if the filtration was already non-decreasing.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        cdef bool out
+        with nogil:
+            out = self.get_ptr().make_filtration_non_decreasing()
+        return out
+    {{endif}}
+
+    def reset_filtration(self, filtration, min_dim = 0)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """This function resets the filtration value of all the simplices of dimension at least min_dim. Resets all the
+        simplex tree when `min_dim = 0`.
+        `reset_filtration` may break the filtration property with `min_dim > 0`, and it is the user's responsibility to
+        make it a valid filtration (using a large enough `filt_value`, or calling `make_filtration_non_decreasing`
+        afterwards for instance).
+
+        :param filtration: New threshold value.
+        :type filtration: float.
+        :param min_dim: The minimal dimension. Default value is 0.
+        :type min_dim: int.
+        """
+        {{if is_kcritical}}
+        cdef {{Filtration}} cfiltration = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(filtration, dtype = {{PYTYPE}})[None,:])
+        {{else}}
+        cdef {{Filtration}} cfiltration = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(filtration, dtype = {{PYTYPE}}))
+        {{endif}}
+        self.get_ptr().reset_filtration(cfiltration, min_dim)
+        return self
+
+    {{if not is_kcritical}}
+    def pts_to_indices(self,pts:np.ndarray, simplices_dimensions:Iterable[int]) -> tuple[np.ndarray,np.ndarray]:
+        """
+        Returns the indices of the simplex tree with corresponding filtrations.
+
+        Args:
+         - st: SimplexTreeMulti on which to recover the indices.
+         - pts: (num_pts, num_parameters,) array of points to recover.
+            simplices_dimensions: (num_parameters,) the simplices dimension to take into account for each parameter.
+
+        Returns:
+         - A (m, num_parameters) array containing the found indices (m <= num_pts).
+         - A (m, 2) array containing the non-found indices (pt_index, parameter failing).
+        """
+
+        # TODO detect rank or not
+        cdef bool is_rank_invariant = pts.shape[1] == 2*self.num_parameters
+        if is_rank_invariant:
+            births = pts[:,:self.num_parameters]
+            deaths = pts[:,self.num_parameters:]
+            births_indices,non_recovered_births  = self.pts_to_indices(births, simplices_dimensions)
+            deaths_indices,non_recovered_deaths = self.pts_to_indices(deaths, simplices_dimensions)
+            non_recovered_pts = np.concatenate([non_recovered_births,non_recovered_deaths], axis=0)
+            pts_indices = np.concatenate([births_indices,deaths_indices], axis=1)
+            return pts_indices, non_recovered_pts
+
+        cdef vector[vector[{{CTYPE}}]] cpts = pts
+        cdef vector[int] csimplices_dimensions = simplices_dimensions
+        # cdef pair[indices_type,indices_type] out
+        found_indices,not_found_indices = self.get_ptr().pts_to_indices(cpts,csimplices_dimensions)
+        if len(found_indices) == 0:
+            found_indices = np.empty(shape=(0,self.num_parameters), dtype = np.int32)
+        if len(not_found_indices) == 0:
+            not_found_indices =  np.empty(shape=(0,2), dtype = np.int32)
+        return np.asarray(found_indices), np.asarray(not_found_indices)
+    ## This function is only meant for the edge collapse interface.
+    def get_edge_list(self):
+        """
+        in the filtration-domination's format       
+        """
+        cdef edge_list out
+        with nogil:
+            out = self.get_ptr().get_edge_list()
+        return out
+
+    def collapse_edges(self, int num=1, int max_dimension = 0, bool progress=False, bool strong=True, bool full=False, bool ignore_warning=False)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """Edge collapse for 1-critical 2-parameter clique complex (see https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.05574).
+        It uses the code from the github repository https://github.com/aj-alonso/filtration_domination .
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        
+        max_dimension:int
+            Max simplicial dimension of the complex. Unless specified, keeps the same dimension.
+        num:int
+            The number of collapses to do.
+        strong:bool
+            Whether to use strong collapses or standard collapses (slower, but may remove more edges)
+        full:bool
+            Collapses the maximum number of edges if true, i.e., will do (at most) 100 strong collapses and (at most) 100 non-strong collapses afterward.
+        progress:bool
+            If true, shows the progress of the number of collapses.
+
+        WARNING
+        -------
+        
+         - This will destroy all of the k-simplices, with k>=2. Be sure to use this with a clique complex, if you want to preserve the homology >= dimension 1.
+         - This is for 1 critical simplices, with 2 parameter persistence.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        
+        self:SimplexTreeMulti
+            A (smaller) simplex tree that has the same homology over this bifiltration.
+
+        """
+        # TODO : find a way to do multiple edge collapses without python conversions.
+        if num == 0:
+            return self
+        elif num == -1:
+            num=100
+            full=False
+        elif num == -2:
+            num=100
+            full=True
+        assert self.num_parameters == 2, "Number of parameters has to be 2 to use edge collapses ! This is a limitation of Filtration-domination"
+        if self.dimension > 1 and not ignore_warning: warn("This method ignores simplices of dimension > 1 !")
+
+        max_dimension = self.dimension if max_dimension <=0 else max_dimension
+
+        # Retrieves the edge list, and send it to filration_domination
+        edges = self.get_edge_list()
+        from multipers.multiparameter_edge_collapse import _collapse_edge_list
+        edges = _collapse_edge_list(edges, num=num, full=full, strong=strong, progress=progress)
+        # Retrieves the collapsed simplicial complex
+        self._reconstruct_from_edge_list(edges, swap=True, expand_dimension=max_dimension)
+        return self
+
+    @cython.inline
+    cdef _reconstruct_from_edge_list(self,edge_list edges, bool swap=True, int expand_dimension=0):
+        """
+        Generates a 1-dimensional copy of self, with the edges given as input. Useful for edge collapses
+
+        Input
+        -----
+
+         - edges : Iterable[(int,int),(float,float)] ## This is the format of the rust library filtration-domination
+         - swap : bool
+            If true, will swap self and the collapsed simplextrees.
+         - expand_dim : int
+            expands back the simplextree to this dimension
+        Ouput
+        -----
+        
+        The reduced SimplexTreeMulti having only these edges.
+        """
+        reduced_tree = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(num_parameters=self.num_parameters)
+
+        ## Adds vertices back, with good filtration
+        if self.num_vertices > 0:
+            vertices = np.fromiter((splx[0] for splx, f in self.get_skeleton(0)), dtype=np.int32)[None,:]
+            vertices_filtration = np.fromiter((f for splx, f in self.get_skeleton(0)), dtype=np.dtype(({{PYTYPE}},2)))
+            reduced_tree.insert_batch(vertices, vertices_filtration)
+
+        ## Adds edges again
+        if self.num_simplices - self.num_vertices > 0:
+            edges_filtration = np.fromiter(((e.second.first, e.second.second) for e in edges), dtype=np.dtype(({{PYTYPE}},2)))
+            edges_idx = np.fromiter(((e.first.first, e.first.second) for e in edges), dtype=np.dtype((np.int32,2))).T
+            reduced_tree.insert_batch(edges_idx, edges_filtration)
+        if swap:
+            # Swaps the simplextrees pointers
+            self.thisptr, reduced_tree.thisptr = reduced_tree.thisptr, self.thisptr # Swaps self and reduced tree (self is a local variable)
+        if expand_dimension > 0:
+            self.expansion(expand_dimension) # Expands back the simplextree to the original dimension.
+        return self if swap else reduced_tree
+    {{endif}}
+
+    @property
+    def num_parameters(self)->int:
+        return self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
+    def get_simplices_of_dimension(self, dim:int)->np.ndarray:
+        return np.asarray(self.get_ptr().get_simplices_of_dimension(dim), dtype=int)
+    def key(self, simplex:list|np.ndarray):
+        return self.get_ptr().get_key(simplex)
+    def set_keys_to_enumerate(self)->None:
+        self.get_ptr().set_keys_to_enumerate()
+        return
+    def set_key(self,simplex:list|np.ndarray, key:int)->None:
+        self.get_ptr().set_key(simplex, key)
+        return
+
+
+
+    def _to_scc(self,filtration_dtype={{PYTYPE}}, bool flattened=False):
+        """
+        Turns a simplextree into a (simplicial) module presentation.
+        """
+        cdef bool is_function_st = self._is_function_simplextree
+        
+        cdef pair[vector[vector[{{CTYPE}}]], boundary_matrix] out
+        if flattened:
+            # out = simplextree_to_ordered_bf(cptr)
+            out = self.get_ptr().simplextree_to_ordered_bf()
+            return np.asarray(out.first,dtype=filtration_dtype), tuple(out.second)
+        if is_function_st:
+    {{if not is_kcritical}}
+            blocks = self.get_ptr().function_simplextree_to_scc()
+    {{else}}
+            raise Exception("Kcritical cannot be a function simplextree ?? TODO: Fixme")
+    {{endif}}
+        else:
+    {{if not is_kcritical}}
+            blocks = self.get_ptr().simplextree_to_scc()
+    {{else}}
+            blocks = self.get_ptr().kcritical_simplextree_to_scc()
+    {{endif}}
+        # reduces the space in memory
+        if is_function_st:
+            blocks = [(tuple(f), tuple(b)) for f,b in blocks[::-1]]
+        else:
+    {{if not is_kcritical}}
+            blocks = [(np.asarray(f,dtype=filtration_dtype), tuple(b)) for f,b in blocks[::-1]] ## presentation is on the other order 
+    {{else}}
+            blocks = [(tuple(f), tuple(b)) for f,b in blocks[::-1]] ## presentation is on the other order 
+    {{endif}}
+        return blocks # +[(np.empty(0,dtype=filtration_dtype),[])] ## TODO : investigate
+
+    def to_scc_kcritical(self,
+            path:os.PathLike|str, 
+            bool rivet_compatible=False, 
+            bool strip_comments=False, 
+            bool ignore_last_generators=False, 
+            bool overwrite=False,
+            bool reverse_block=False,
+        ):
+        """
+        TODO: function-simplextree, from squeezed
+        """
+        from os.path import exists
+        from os import remove
+        if exists(path):
+            if not(overwrite):
+                raise Exception(f"The file {path} already exists. Use the `overwrite` flag if you want to overwrite.")
+            remove(path)
+        # blocks = simplextree2scc(self)
+        blocks = self._to_scc()
+        from multipers.io import scc2disk
+        scc2disk(blocks, 
+                path=path, 
+                num_parameters=self.num_parameters,
+                reverse_block=reverse_block,
+                rivet_compatible=rivet_compatible,
+                ignore_last_generators=ignore_last_generators,
+                strip_comments=strip_comments,
+            )
+
+    def to_scc_function_st(self,
+                           path="scc_dataset.scc", 
+                           bool rivet_compatible=False, 
+                           bool strip_comments=False, 
+                           bool ignore_last_generators=False, 
+                           bool overwrite=False,
+                           bool reverse_block=True,
+                           ):
+        from multipers.io import scc2disk
+        from warnings import warn
+        warn("This function is not tested yet.")
+        from os.path import exists
+        from os import remove
+        if exists(path):
+            if not(overwrite):
+                raise Exception(f"The file {path} already exists. Use the `overwrite` flag if you want to overwrite.")
+            remove(path)
+        stuff = self._to_scc(self)
+        if reverse_block:  stuff.reverse()
+        cdef int num_parameters = self.num_parameters
+        with open(path, "w") as f:
+            f.write("scc2020\n") if not rivet_compatible else f.write("firep\n")
+            if not strip_comments and not rivet_compatible: f.write("# Number of parameters\n")
+            num_parameters = self.num_parameters
+            if rivet_compatible:
+                assert num_parameters == 2
+                f.write("Filtration 1\n")
+                f.write("Filtration 2\n")
+            else:
+                f.write(f"{num_parameters}\n")
+
+            if not strip_comments: f.write("# Sizes of generating sets\n")
+            for block in stuff: f.write(f"{len(block[1])} ")
+            f.write("\n")
+
+            for i,block in enumerate(stuff):
+                if (rivet_compatible or ignore_last_generators) and i == len(stuff)-1: continue
+                if not strip_comments: f.write(f"# Block of dimension {len(stuff)-i}\n")
+                for filtration, boundary in zip(*block):
+                    k = len(filtration)
+                    for j in range(k):
+                        if filtration[j] != np.inf:
+                            line = f"{filtration[j]} {k} ; " + " ".join([str(x) for x in boundary]) +"\n"
+                            f.write(line)
+    def to_scc(self,**kwargs):
+        """
+        Returns an scc representation of the simplextree.
+        """
+        if self._is_function_simplextree:
+            return self.to_scc_function_st(**kwargs)
+        else:
+            return self.to_scc_kcritical(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_rivet(self, path="rivet_dataset.txt", degree:int|None = None, progress:bool=False, overwrite:bool=False, xbins:int|None=None, ybins:int|None=None)->None:
+        """ Create a file that can be imported by rivet, representing the filtration of the simplextree.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        
+        path:str
+            path of the file.
+        degree:int
+            The homological degree to ask rivet to compute.
+        progress:bool = True
+            Shows the progress bar.
+        overwrite:bool = False
+            If true, will overwrite the previous file if it already exists.
+        """
+        ...
+        from os.path import exists
+        from os import remove
+        if exists(path):
+            if not(overwrite):
+                print(f"The file {path} already exists. Use the `overwrite` flag if you want to overwrite.")
+                return
+            remove(path)
+        file = open(path, "a")
+        file.write("# This file was generated by multipers.\n")
+        file.write("--datatype bifiltration\n")
+        file.write(f"--homology {degree}\n")   if degree is not None else None
+        file.write(f"-x {xbins}\n")       if xbins is not None else None
+        file.write(f"-y {ybins}\n")       if ybins is not None else None
+        file.write("--xlabel time of appearance\n")
+        file.write("--ylabel density\n\n")
+        from tqdm import tqdm
+        with tqdm(total=self.num_simplices, position=0, disable = not(progress), desc="Writing simplex to file") as bar:
+            for dim in range(0,self.dimension+1): # Not sure if dimension sort is necessary for rivet. Check ?
+                file.write(f"# block of dimension {dim}\n")
+                for s,F in self.get_skeleton(dim):
+                    if len(s) != dim+1:  continue
+                    for i in s:
+                        file.write(str(i) + " ")
+                    file.write("; ")
+                    for f in F:
+                        {{if is_kcritical}}
+                        for fi in f:
+                            file.write(str(fi) + " ")
+                        {{else}}
+                        file.write(str(f) + " ")
+                        {{endif}}
+                    file.write("\n")
+                    bar.update(1)
+        file.close()
+        return
+
+
+
+    def _get_filtration_values(self, vector[int] degrees, bool inf_to_nan:bool=False, bool return_raw = False)->Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        # cdef vector[int] c_degrees = degrees
+        # out = get_filtration_values_from_ptr[{{FSHORT}}](ptr, degrees)
+        cdef intptr_t ptr = self.thisptr
+        cdef vector[vector[vector[{{CTYPE}}]]] out
+        with nogil:
+            out = self.get_ptr().get_filtration_values(degrees)
+        filtrations_values =  [np.asarray(filtration) for filtration in out]
+        # Removes infs
+        if inf_to_nan:
+            for i,f in enumerate(filtrations_values):
+                filtrations_values[i][f == np.inf] = np.nan
+                filtrations_values[i][f == - np.inf] = np.nan
+        return filtrations_values
+
+
+    def get_filtration_grid(self, resolution:Iterable[int]|None=None, degrees:Iterable[int]|None=None, drop_quantiles:float|tuple=0, grid_strategy:_available_strategies="exact")->Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        """
+        Returns a grid over the n-filtration, from the simplextree. Usefull for grid_squeeze. TODO : multicritical
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+
+            resolution: list[int]
+                resolution of the grid, for each parameter
+            box=None : pair[list[float]]
+                Grid bounds. format : [low bound, high bound]
+                If None is given, will use the filtration bounds of the simplextree.
+            grid_strategy="regular" : string
+                Either "regular", "quantile", or "exact".
+        Returns
+        -------
+
+            List of filtration values, for each parameter, defining the grid.
+        """
+        if degrees is None:
+            degrees = range(self.dimension+1)
+
+
+        ## preprocesses the filtration values:
+        filtrations_values = np.concatenate(self._get_filtration_values(degrees, inf_to_nan=True), axis=1)
+        # removes duplicate + sort (nan at the end)
+        filtrations_values = [np.unique(filtration) for filtration in filtrations_values]
+        # removes nan
+        filtrations_values = [filtration[:-1] if np.isnan(filtration[-1]) else filtration for filtration in filtrations_values]
+
+        return compute_grid(filtrations_values, resolution=resolution,strategy=grid_strategy,drop_quantiles=drop_quantiles)
+
+
+
+    def grid_squeeze(self, filtration_grid:np.ndarray|list|None=None, bool coordinate_values=True, force=False, grid_strategy:_available_strategies = "exact", inplace=False, **filtration_grid_kwargs):
+        """
+        Fit the filtration of the simplextree to a grid.
+
+        :param filtration_grid: The grid on which to squeeze. An example of grid can be given by the `get_filtration_grid` method.
+        :type filtration_grid: list[list[float]]
+        :param coordinate_values: If true, the filtrations values of the simplices will be set to the coordinate of the filtration grid.
+        :type coordinate_values: bool
+        """
+        if not force and self.is_squeezed:
+            raise Exception("SimplexTree already squeezed, use `force=True` if that's really what you want to do.") 
+        #TODO : multi-critical
+        if filtration_grid is None:  
+            filtration_grid = self.get_filtration_grid(grid_strategy=grid_strategy, **filtration_grid_kwargs)
+        cdef vector[vector[double]] c_filtration_grid = filtration_grid
+        assert <int>c_filtration_grid.size() == self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters(), f"Grid has to be of size {self.num_parameters}, got {filtration_grid.size()}"
+        cdef intptr_t ptr = self.thisptr
+        if coordinate_values and inplace:
+            self.filtration_grid = c_filtration_grid
+        if inplace or not coordinate_values:
+          self.get_ptr().squeeze_filtration_inplace(c_filtration_grid, coordinate_values)
+        else:
+          out = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT[:-3] + "i32"}}(num_parameters=self.num_parameters)
+          self.get_ptr().squeeze_filtration(out.thisptr, c_filtration_grid)
+          out.filtration_grid = c_filtration_grid
+          return out
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def is_squeezed(self)->bool:
+        return self.num_vertices > 0 and len(self.filtration_grid)>0 and len(self.filtration_grid[0]) > 0
+
+    @property
+    def dtype(self)->type:
+      return {{PYTYPE}}
+    def filtration_bounds(self, degrees:Iterable[int]|None=None, q:float|tuple=0, split_dimension:bool=False)->np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Returns the filtrations bounds of the finite filtration values.
+        """
+        try:
+            a,b =q
+        except:
+            a,b,=q,q
+        degrees = range(self.dimension+1) if degrees is None else degrees
+        filtrations_values = self._get_filtration_values(degrees, inf_to_nan=True) ## degree, parameter, pt
+        boxes = np.array([np.nanquantile(filtration, [a, 1-b], axis=1) for filtration in filtrations_values],dtype=float)
+        if split_dimension: return boxes
+        return np.asarray([np.nanmin(boxes, axis=(0,1)), np.nanmax(boxes, axis=(0,1))]) # box, birth/death, filtration
+
+
+
+
+    def fill_lowerstar(self,  F, int parameter)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """ Fills the `dimension`th filtration by the lower-star filtration defined by F.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+
+        F:1d array
+            The density over the vertices, that induces a lowerstar filtration.
+        parameter:int
+            Which filtration parameter to fill. /!\ python starts at 0.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        
+        self:SimplexTreeMulti
+        """
+        # for s, sf in self.get_simplices():
+        #   self.assign_filtration(s, [f if i != dimension else np.max(np.array(F)[s]) for i,f in enumerate(sf)])
+        # cdef int c_parameter = parameter
+        {{if is_kcritical}}
+        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_F = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(F,dtype={{PYTYPE}})[None,:])
+        {{else}}
+        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_F = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(np.asarray(F,dtype={{PYTYPE}}))
+        {{endif}}
+        with nogil:
+            self.get_ptr().fill_lowerstar(c_F, parameter)
+        return self
+
+    def fill_distance_matrix(self, distance_matrix, int parameter, {{CTYPE}} node_value = 0)->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+        """
+        Fills a specific parameter with a rips filtration with the given matrix. 
+        
+        Warning. Undefined behaviour if `node_value` is not finite or not
+                smaller or equal to `min(distance_matrix)`.
+
+        Parameters:
+         - `distance_matrix`: a (N,N) matrix aligned with the vertices keys, i.e., 
+             `distance_matrix[i,j]` is the distance between simplices [i] and [j].
+         - `node_value`: a float giving the values to the nodes in this filtration.
+
+        Returns
+        self. The updated simplextree.
+        """
+        assert parameter < self.num_parameters, f"This simplextree has only {self.num_parameters} parameters. Cannot fill parameter {parameter}"
+        cdef {{CTYPE}}[:,:] c_distance_matrix = np.asarray(distance_matrix,dtype={{PYTYPE}})
+
+        ## Resets the filtration. should be optimizable
+        F = np.zeros(shape = self.num_vertices, dtype={{PYTYPE}}) + node_value
+        {{if is_kcritical}}
+        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_F = _py2kc_{{SHORT}}(F[None,:])
+        {{else}}
+        cdef {{FSHORT}} c_F = _py21c_{{SHORT}}(F)
+        {{endif}}
+        
+        with nogil:
+            self.get_ptr().fill_lowerstar(c_F, parameter)
+
+        ## Fills the matrix in the 1-skeleton
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_skeleton_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] it = self.get_ptr().get_skeleton_iterator_begin(1)
+        cdef Simplex_tree_multi_skeleton_iterator[{{FSHORT}}] end = self.get_ptr().get_skeleton_iterator_end(1)
+        cdef int num_parameters = self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
+        cdef int num_generators
+        cdef int N = c_distance_matrix.shape[0]
+        with nogil:
+            while it != end:
+                pair = self.get_ptr().get_simplex_and_filtration(dereference(it))
+                if pair.first.size() == 2:
+                    i = pair.first[0]
+                    j = pair.first[1]
+                    assert i<N, f"Got vertex {i} which is greater than the matrix's size {c_distance_matrix.shape}."
+                    assert j<N, f"Got vertex {j} which is greater than the matrix's size {c_distance_matrix.shape}."
+
+                    {{if is_kcritical}}
+                    num_generators =pair.second.num_generators() 
+                    for k in range(num_generators):
+                        dereference(pair.second)[k][parameter] = c_distance_matrix[i,j]
+                    {{else}}
+                    dereference(pair.second)[parameter] = c_distance_matrix[i,j]
+                    {{endif}}
+                preincrement(it)
+
+        self.make_filtration_non_decreasing()        
+        return self
+
+
+        
+
+
+    def project_on_line(self, parameter:int=0, basepoint:None|list|np.ndarray= None, direction:None|list|np.ndarray= None)->SimplexTree:
+        """Converts an multi simplextree to a gudhi simplextree.
+        
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        
+        parameter:int = 0
+            The parameter to keep. WARNING will crash if the multi simplextree is not well filled.
+        basepoint:None
+            Instead of keeping a single parameter, will consider the filtration defined by the diagonal line crossing the basepoint.
+        
+        WARNING 
+        -------
+        
+        There are no safeguard yet, it WILL crash if asking for a parameter that is not filled.
+        
+        Returns
+        -------
+        
+        A SimplexTree with chosen 1D filtration.
+        """
+        # FIXME : deal with multicritical filtrations
+        import gudhi as gd
+        new_simplextree = gd.SimplexTree()
+        assert parameter < self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters()
+        cdef int c_parameter = parameter
+        cdef intptr_t old_ptr = self.thisptr
+        cdef intptr_t new_ptr = new_simplextree.thisptr
+        if basepoint is None:
+          basepoint = np.array([np.inf]*self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters())
+          basepoint[parameter] = 0
+        if direction is None:
+          direction = np.array([0]*self.get_ptr().get_number_of_parameters())
+          direction[parameter] = 1
+        
+        basepoint = np.asarray(basepoint, dtype=np.float64)
+        direction = np.asarray(direction, dtype=np.float64)
+        cdef One_critical_filtration[double] c_basepoint = _py21c_f64(basepoint)
+        cdef One_critical_filtration[double] c_direction = _py21c_f64(direction)
+        cdef Line[double] c_line = Line[double](c_basepoint, c_direction)
+        with nogil:
+            self.get_ptr().to_std(new_ptr, c_line, c_parameter)
+        return new_simplextree
+
+    def linear_projections(self, linear_forms:np.ndarray)->Iterable[SimplexTree]:
+        """
+        Compute the 1-parameter projections, w.r.t. given the linear forms, of this simplextree.
+
+        Input
+        -----
+        
+         Array of shape (num_linear_forms, num_parameters)
+
+        Output
+        ------
+        
+        List of projected (gudhi) simplextrees.
+        """
+        cdef Py_ssize_t num_projections = linear_forms.shape[0]
+        cdef Py_ssize_t num_parameters = linear_forms.shape[1]
+        if num_projections == 0:  return []
+        cdef vector[vector[double]] c_linear_forms = linear_forms
+        assert num_parameters==self.num_parameters, f"The linear forms has to have the same number of parameter as the simplextree ({self.num_parameters})."
+
+        # Gudhi copies are faster than inserting simplices one by one
+        import gudhi as gd
+        # flattened_simplextree = gd.SimplexTree()
+        # cdef intptr_t multi_prt = self.thisptr
+        # cdef intptr_t flattened_ptr = flattened_simplextree.thisptr
+        # with nogil:
+        #     # flatten_from_ptr(multi_prt, flattened_ptr, num_parameters)
+        #     self.get_ptr().to_std(flattened_ptr, num_parameters)
+        flattened_simplextree = self.project_on_line()
+        out = [flattened_simplextree] + [gd.SimplexTree(flattened_simplextree) for _ in range(num_projections-1)]
+
+        # Fills the 1-parameter simplextrees.
+        cdef vector[intptr_t] out_ptrs = [st.thisptr for st in out]
+        with nogil:
+            for i in range(num_projections):
+                self.get_ptr().to_std_linear_projection(out_ptrs[i], c_linear_forms[i])
+        return out
+
+
+    def set_num_parameter(self, num:int):
+        """
+        Sets the numbers of parameters. 
+        WARNING : it will resize all the filtrations to this size. 
+        """
+        self.get_ptr().resize_all_filtrations(num)
+        self.get_ptr().set_number_of_parameters(num)
+        return
+
+    def __eq__(self, other:SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
+        """Test for structural equality
+        :returns: True if the 2 simplex trees are equal, False otherwise.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        return dereference(self.get_ptr()) == dereference(other.get_ptr())
+
+
+
+
+
+# def _simplextree_multify_{{FSHORT}}(simplextree:SimplexTree, int num_parameters, default_values=[])->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+#     """Converts a gudhi simplextree to a multi simplextree.
+#     Parameters
+#     ----------
+
+#     parameters:int = 2
+#         The number of filtrations
+
+#     Returns
+#     -------
+
+#         A multi simplextree, with first filtration value being the one from the original simplextree.
+#     """
+#     if isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
+#         return simplextree
+#     st = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(num_parameters=num_parameters)
+#     cdef intptr_t old_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
+#     {{if is_kcritical}}
+#     cdef {{FSHORT}} c_default_values= _py2kc_{{SHORT}}([default_values])
+#     {{else}}
+#     cdef {{FSHORT}} c_default_values= _py21c_{{SHORT}}([default_values])
+#     {{endif}}
+#     with nogil:
+#         st.get_ptr().from_std(old_ptr, num_parameters, c_default_values)
+#     return st
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+def _safe_simplextree_multify_{{FSHORT}}(simplextree:SimplexTree,int num_parameters=2, cnp.ndarray default_values=np.array(-np.inf))->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+    if isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
+        return simplextree
+    simplices = [[] for _ in range(simplextree.dimension()+1)]
+    filtration_values = [[] for _ in range(simplextree.dimension()+1)]
+    st_multi = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(num_parameters=1)
+    if num_parameters > 1:
+        st_multi.set_num_parameter(num_parameters)
+    if default_values.squeeze().ndim == 0:
+        default_values = np.zeros(num_parameters-1) + default_values
+
+    # TODO : Optimize with Python.h
+    for s,f in simplextree.get_simplices():
+        filtration_values[len(s)-1].append(np.concatenate([[f],default_values]))
+        simplices[len(s)-1].append(s)
+    for batch_simplices, batch_filtrations in zip(simplices,filtration_values):
+        st_multi.insert_batch(np.asarray(batch_simplices, dtype=np.int32).T, np.asarray(batch_filtrations, dtype={{PYTYPE}}))
+    return st_multi
+
+
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+def _safe_simplextree_multify_{{FSHORT}}2(simplextree:SimplexTree,int num_parameters=2, cnp.ndarray default_values=np.array(-np.inf))->SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}:
+    if isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
+        return simplextree
+    st_multi = SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}(num_parameters=num_parameters)
+    if default_values.squeeze().ndim == 0:
+        default_values = np.zeros(num_parameters-1) + default_values
+    cdef int num_simplices = simplextree.num_simplices()
+    cdef int max_dim = simplextree.dimension()
+    dims = np.fromiter((len(s)-1 for s,_ in simplextree.get_simplices()), dtype=np.int32, count=num_simplices)
+    dims = np.unique_counts(dims).counts
+    cdef int[:] cdims = np.cumsum(np.concatenate([[0],dims])).astype(np.int32)
+    
+    # filtration_values = np.asarray([np.concatenate(([f],default_values)) for s,f in simplextree.get_simplices()])
+    cdef double [:,:] filtration_values = np.fromiter((np.concatenate((np.asarray(f)[None],default_values)) for s,f in simplextree.get_simplices()), dtype=np.dtype((np.float64,num_parameters)), count=num_simplices)
+
+    cdef int32_t[:,:] batch_simplices = np.fromiter((np.concatenate([s,np.empty(max_dim+2-len(s))]) for s,f in simplextree.get_simplices()), dtype=np.dtype((np.int32,max_dim+2)), count=num_simplices)
+    # print(filtration_values.shape, batch_simplices.shape)
+    for i in range(max_dim+1):
+        S = batch_simplices[cdims[i]:cdims[i+1]][:,:i+1].T
+        F = filtration_values[cdims[i]:cdims[i+1]]
+        st_multi.insert_batch(S, F)
+        # print(f"adding {S.shape,F.shape}")
+    return st_multi
+{{endfor}}
+
+global available_simplextrees, SimplexTreeMulti_type
+available_simplextrees = tuple((
+  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+    SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}},
+  {{endfor}}
+))
+SimplexTreeMulti_type:type= Union[
+  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+    SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}},
+  {{endfor}}
+]
+
+def is_simplextree_multi(input)->bool:
+  return (False
+  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+    or isinstance(input, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}})
+  {{endfor}}
+  )
+
+
+
+
+
+def SimplexTreeMulti(input=None, int num_parameters=-1, dtype:type = np.float64, bool kcritical = False,**kwargs) ->  SimplexTreeMulti_type:
+    """SimplexTreeMulti constructor.
+
+    :param other: If `other` is `None` (default value), an empty `SimplexTreeMulti` is created.
+        If `other` is a `SimplexTree`, the `SimplexTreeMulti` is constructed from a deep copy of `other`.
+        If `other` is a `SimplexTreeMulti`, the `SimplexTreeMulti` is constructed from a deep copy of `other`.
+    :type other: SimplexTree or SimplexTreeMulti (Optional)
+    :param num_parameters: The number of parameter of the multi-parameter filtration.
+    :type num_parameters: int
+    :returns: An empty or a copy simplex tree.
+    :rtype: SimplexTreeMulti
+
+    :raises TypeError: In case `other` is neither `None`, nor a `SimplexTree`, nor a `SimplexTreeMulti`.
+    """
+    cdef dict[tuple[type, bool], type] _st_map = {
+        {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+        (np.dtype({{PYTYPE}}),{{is_kcritical}}): SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}},
+        {{endfor}}
+    }
+    # TODO : check that + kcriticality
+    # if input is not None:
+    #   assert input.dtype is dtype, "SimplexTree conversions are not yet implemented"
+
+    return _st_map[(np.dtype(dtype), kcritical)](input, num_parameters=num_parameters, **kwargs)
+
+
+
+
+## SIGNED MEASURES  STUFF 
+from multipers.grids import sms_in_grid
+
+ctypedef int32_t indices_type # uint fails for some reason
+python_indices_type=np.int32
+
+ctypedef int32_t tensor_dtype
+python_tensor_dtype = np.int32
+
+
+ctypedef pair[vector[vector[indices_type]], vector[tensor_dtype]] signed_measure_type
+
+cdef extern from "multi_parameter_rank_invariant/hilbert_function.h" namespace "Gudhi::multiparameter::hilbert_function":
+  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+  signed_measure_type get_hilbert_signed_measure(Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]&, tensor_dtype* , const vector[indices_type], const vector[indices_type], bool, indices_type, bool, bool) except + nogil
+  {{endfor}}
+
+
+
+
+## Aligns python/cpp
+cdef inline signed_measure_type _hilbert_sm_from_simplextree(object simplextree, tensor_dtype* container_ptr, const vector[indices_type]& c_grid_shape, const vector[indices_type]& degrees, bool zero_pad, indices_type n_jobs, bool verbose, bool expand_collapse):
+  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
+  if False:
+    pass
+{{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+  elif isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
+    with nogil:
+      return get_hilbert_signed_measure(dereference(<Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>simplextree_ptr), container_ptr, c_grid_shape, degrees, zero_pad, n_jobs, verbose, expand_collapse)
+{{endfor}}
+  else:
+    raise ValueError("Input {simplextree} not supported.")
+
+def _hilbert_signed_measure(simplextree, 
+    vector[indices_type] degrees, 
+    mass_default=None, 
+    plot=False, 
+    indices_type n_jobs=0, 
+    bool verbose=False,
+    bool expand_collapse=False, 
+    # grid_conversion = None,
+    ):
+  """
+  Computes the signed measures given by the decomposition of the hilbert function.
+
+  Input
+  -----
+
+   - simplextree:SimplexTreeMulti, the multifiltered simplicial complex
+   - degrees:array-like of ints, the degrees to compute
+   - mass_default: Either None, or 'auto' or 'inf', or array-like of floats. Where to put the default mass to get a zero-mass measure.
+   - plot:bool, plots the computed measures if true.
+   - n_jobs:int, number of jobs. Defaults to #cpu, but when doing parallel computations of signed measures, we recommend setting this to 1.
+   - verbose:bool, prints c++ logs.
+  
+  Output
+  ------
+  
+  `[signed_measure_of_degree for degree in degrees]`
+  with `signed_measure_of_degree` of the form `(dirac location, dirac weights)`.
+  """
+
+  assert simplextree.is_squeezed, "Squeeze grid first."
+  cdef bool zero_pad = mass_default is not None
+  # assert simplextree.num_parameters == 2
+  grid_shape = np.array([len(f) for f in simplextree.filtration_grid])
+  if mass_default is None:
+    mass_default = mass_default
+  else:
+    mass_default = np.asarray(mass_default)
+    assert mass_default.ndim == 1 and mass_default.shape[0] == simplextree.num_parameters
+  if zero_pad:
+    for i, _ in enumerate(grid_shape):
+      grid_shape[i] += 1 # adds a 0
+    # if grid_conversion is not None:
+    #   grid_conversion = tuple(np.concatenate([f, [mass_default[i]]]) for i,f in enumerate(grid_conversion))
+  assert len(grid_shape) == simplextree.num_parameters, "Grid shape size has to be the number of parameters."
+  grid_shape_with_degree = np.asarray(np.concatenate([[len(degrees)], grid_shape]), dtype=python_indices_type)
+  container_array = np.ascontiguousarray(np.zeros(grid_shape_with_degree, dtype=python_tensor_dtype).flatten())
+  assert len(container_array) < np.iinfo(np.uint32).max, "Too large container. Raise an issue on github if you encounter this issue. (Due to tensor's operator[])"
+  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
+  cdef vector[indices_type] c_grid_shape = grid_shape_with_degree
+  cdef tensor_dtype[::1] container = container_array
+  cdef tensor_dtype* container_ptr = &container[0]
+  cdef signed_measure_type out = _hilbert_sm_from_simplextree(simplextree, container_ptr, c_grid_shape, degrees, zero_pad, n_jobs, verbose, expand_collapse)
+  pts, weights = np.asarray(out.first, dtype=python_indices_type).reshape(-1, simplextree.num_parameters+1), np.asarray(out.second, dtype=python_tensor_dtype)
+  slices = np.concatenate([np.searchsorted(pts[:,0], np.arange(degrees.size())), [pts.shape[0]] ])
+  sms = [
+      (pts[slices[i]:slices[i+1],1:],weights[slices[i]:slices[i+1]])
+      for i in range(slices.shape[0]-1)
+  ]
+  # if grid_conversion is not None:
+  #   sms = sms_in_grid(sms,grid_conversion)
+
+  # if plot:
+  #   from multipers.plots import plot_signed_measures
+  #   plot_signed_measures(sms)
+  return sms
+
+
+#### EULER CHAR
+
+cdef extern from "multi_parameter_rank_invariant/euler_characteristic.h" namespace "Gudhi::multiparameter::euler_characteristic":
+  # void get_euler_surface_python(const intptr_t, tensor_dtype*, const vector[indices_type], bool, bool, bool) except + nogil
+  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+  signed_measure_type get_euler_signed_measure(Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]&, tensor_dtype* , const vector[indices_type], bool, bool) except + nogil
+  {{endfor}}
+
+
+## Aligns python/cpp
+cdef inline signed_measure_type _euler_sm_from_simplextree(object simplextree, tensor_dtype* container_ptr, const vector[indices_type]& c_grid_shape,  bool zero_pad, bool verbose):
+  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
+  if False:
+    pass
+{{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+{{if not is_kcritical}}
+  elif isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
+    with nogil:
+      return get_euler_signed_measure(dereference(<Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>simplextree_ptr), container_ptr, c_grid_shape, zero_pad, verbose)
+{{endif}}
+{{endfor}}
+  else:
+    raise ValueError("Input {simplextree} not supported.")
+
+
+def _euler_signed_measure(simplextree, mass_default=None, bool verbose=False):
+  """
+  Computes the signed measures given by the decomposition of the hilbert function.
+
+  Input
+  -----
+
+   - simplextree:SimplexTreeMulti, the multifiltered simplicial complex
+   - mass_default: Either None, or 'auto' or 'inf', or array-like of floats. Where to put the default mass to get a zero-mass measure.
+   - plot:bool, plots the computed measures if true.
+   - n_jobs:int, number of jobs. Defaults to #cpu, but when doing parallel computations of signed measures, we recommend setting this to 1.
+   - verbose:bool, prints c++ logs.
+  
+  Output
+  ------
+
+  `[signed_measure_of_degree for degree in degrees]`
+  with `signed_measure_of_degree` of the form `(dirac location, dirac weights)`.
+  """
+  assert len(simplextree.filtration_grid[0]) > 0, "Squeeze grid first."
+  cdef bool zero_pad = mass_default is not None
+  # assert simplextree.num_parameters == 2
+  grid_shape = np.array([len(f) for f in simplextree.filtration_grid])
+  
+  if mass_default is None:
+    mass_default = mass_default
+  else:
+    mass_default = np.asarray(mass_default)
+    assert mass_default.ndim == 1 and mass_default.shape[0] == simplextree.num_parameters
+  if zero_pad:
+    for i, _ in enumerate(grid_shape):
+      grid_shape[i] += 1 # adds a 0
+    # if grid_conversion is not None:
+    #   grid_conversion = tuple(np.concatenate([f, [mass_default[i]]]) for i,f in enumerate(grid_conversion))
+  assert len(grid_shape) == simplextree.num_parameters, "Grid shape size has to be the number of parameters."
+  container_array = np.ascontiguousarray(np.zeros(grid_shape, dtype=python_tensor_dtype).flatten())
+  assert len(container_array) < np.iinfo(python_indices_type).max, "Too large container. Raise an issue on github if you encounter this issue. (Due to tensor's operator[])"
+  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
+  cdef vector[indices_type] c_grid_shape = grid_shape
+  cdef tensor_dtype[::1] container = container_array
+  cdef tensor_dtype* container_ptr = &container[0]
+  cdef signed_measure_type out
+
+  out = _euler_sm_from_simplextree(simplextree, container_ptr, c_grid_shape, zero_pad, verbose)
+
+  pts, weights = np.asarray(out.first, dtype=python_indices_type).reshape(-1, simplextree.num_parameters), np.asarray(out.second, dtype=python_tensor_dtype)
+  # return pts, weights
+  sm = (pts,weights)
+
+  return sm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+## Rank invariant
+
+cdef extern from "multi_parameter_rank_invariant/rank_invariant.h" namespace "Gudhi::multiparameter::rank_invariant":
+  {{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+  void compute_rank_invariant_python(Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]&, tensor_dtype* , const vector[indices_type], const vector[indices_type], indices_type, bool) except + nogil
+  {{endfor}}
+
+
+## Aligns python/cpp
+cdef inline void _rank_sm_from_simplextree(object simplextree, tensor_dtype* container_ptr, const vector[indices_type]& c_grid_shape, const vector[indices_type]& degrees, indices_type n_jobs, bool expand_collapse):
+  cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
+  if False:
+    pass
+{{for CTYPE,PYTYPE,SHORT,Filtration, is_kcritical, FSHORT in to_iter}}
+  elif isinstance(simplextree, SimplexTreeMulti_{{FSHORT}}):
+    with nogil:
+      compute_rank_invariant_python(dereference(<Simplex_tree_multi_interface[{{FSHORT}}, {{CTYPE}}]*>simplextree_ptr), container_ptr, c_grid_shape, degrees, n_jobs, expand_collapse)
+{{endfor}}
+  else:
+    raise ValueError("Input {simplextree} not supported.")
+
+
+def _rank_signed_measure(simplextree, vector[indices_type] degrees, mass_default=None, plot=False, indices_type n_jobs=0, bool verbose=False, bool expand_collapse=False):
+    """
+    Computes the signed measures given by the decomposition of the hilbert function.
+
+    Input
+    -----
+
+     - simplextree:SimplexTreeMulti, the multifiltered simplicial complex
+     - degrees:array-like of ints, the degrees to compute
+     - mass_default: Either None, or 'auto' or 'inf', or array-like of floats. Where to put the default mass to get a zero-mass measure.
+     - plot:bool, plots the computed measures if true.
+     - n_jobs:int, number of jobs. Defaults to #cpu, but when doing parallel computations of signed measures, we recommend setting this to 1.
+     - verbose:bool, prints c++ logs.
+
+    Output
+    ------
+
+    `[signed_measure_of_degree for degree in degrees]`
+    with `signed_measure_of_degree` of the form `(dirac location, dirac weights)`.
+    """
+    assert simplextree.is_squeezed, "Squeeze grid first."
+    cdef bool zero_pad = mass_default is not None
+    # grid_conversion = [np.asarray(f) for f in simplextree.filtration_grid]
+    # assert simplextree.num_parameters == 2
+    # grid_shape = np.array([len(f) for f in grid_conversion])
+    grid_shape = np.array([len(f) for f in simplextree.filtration_grid])
+
+    if mass_default is None:
+        mass_default = mass_default
+    else:
+        mass_default = np.asarray(mass_default)
+        assert mass_default.ndim == 1 and mass_default.shape[0] == simplextree.num_parameters, "Mass default has to be an array like of shape (num_parameters,)"
+    if zero_pad:
+        for i, _ in enumerate(grid_shape):
+            grid_shape[i] += 1 # adds a 0
+        # grid_conversion = tuple(np.concatenate([f, [mass_default[i]]]) for i,f in enumerate(grid_conversion))
+
+    assert len(grid_shape) == simplextree.num_parameters, "Grid shape size has to be the number of parameters."
+    grid_shape_with_degree = np.asarray(np.concatenate([[len(degrees)], grid_shape, grid_shape]), dtype=python_indices_type)
+    container_array = np.ascontiguousarray(np.zeros(grid_shape_with_degree, dtype=python_tensor_dtype).flatten())
+    assert len(container_array) < np.iinfo(python_indices_type).max, "Too large container. Raise an issue on github if you encounter this issue. (Due to tensor's operator[])"
+    cdef intptr_t simplextree_ptr = simplextree.thisptr
+    cdef vector[indices_type] c_grid_shape = grid_shape_with_degree
+    cdef tensor_dtype[::1] container = container_array
+    cdef tensor_dtype* container_ptr = &container[0]
+    _rank_sm_from_simplextree(simplextree, container_ptr,c_grid_shape,degrees, n_jobs, expand_collapse)
+    rank = container_array.reshape(grid_shape_with_degree)
+    rank = tuple(rank_decomposition_by_rectangles(rank_of_degree, threshold = zero_pad) for rank_of_degree in rank)
+    out = []
+    cdef int num_parameters = simplextree.num_parameters
+    for rank_decomposition in rank:
+        (coords, weights) = sparsify(np.ascontiguousarray(rank_decomposition))
+        births = coords[:,:num_parameters]
+        deaths = coords[:,num_parameters:]
+        correct_indices = np.all(births<=deaths, axis=1) # TODO : correct this
+        coords = coords[correct_indices]
+        weights = weights[correct_indices]
+        if len(correct_indices) == 0:
+            coords, weights = np.empty((0, 2*num_parameters)), np.empty((0))
+        # else:
+        #     pts = np.empty(shape=coords.shape, dtype=grid_conversion[0].dtype)
+        #     for i in range(pts.shape[1]):
+        #         pts[:,i] = grid_conversion[i % num_parameters][coords[:,i]]
+        rank_decomposition = (coords,weights)
+        out.append(rank_decomposition)
+
+    #  if plot:
+    #      from multipers.plots import plot_signed_measures
+    #      plot_signed_measures(out)
+    return out
+