moai-adk 0.32.8__py3-none-any.whl → 0.41.0__py3-none-any.whl

moai_adk/templates/.claude/skills/moai-lang-csharp/modules/cqrs-validation.md

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+# CQRS and Validation Patterns
+
+Comprehensive guide to MediatR CQRS, FluentValidation, and Handler patterns for clean architecture.
+
+---
+
+## MediatR Setup
+
+### Installation and Configuration
+
+```bash
+dotnet add package MediatR
+dotnet add package MediatR.Extensions.Microsoft.DependencyInjection
+```
+
+```csharp
+// Program.cs
+builder.Services.AddMediatR(cfg =>
+{
+    cfg.RegisterServicesFromAssembly(typeof(Program).Assembly);
+    
+    // Add behaviors (pipeline)
+    cfg.AddBehavior<LoggingBehavior<,>>();
+    cfg.AddBehavior<ValidationBehavior<,>>();
+    cfg.AddBehavior<TransactionBehavior<,>>();
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+## Commands
+
+### Command Definition
+
+```csharp
+// Command with response
+public record CreateUserCommand(
+    string Name,
+    string Email,
+    string Password) : IRequest<UserDto>;
+
+// Command without response
+public record DeleteUserCommand(Guid Id) : IRequest;
+
+// Command with result type
+public record UpdateUserCommand(
+    Guid Id,
+    string Name,
+    string Email) : IRequest<Result<UserDto>>;
+```
+
+### Command Handler
+
+```csharp
+public class CreateUserCommandHandler(
+    AppDbContext context,
+    IPasswordHasher passwordHasher,
+    IValidator<CreateUserCommand> validator,
+    ILogger<CreateUserCommandHandler> logger)
+    : IRequestHandler<CreateUserCommand, UserDto>
+{
+    public async Task<UserDto> Handle(CreateUserCommand request, CancellationToken ct)
+    {
+        // Validation
+        var validationResult = await validator.ValidateAsync(request, ct);
+        if (!validationResult.IsValid)
+            throw new ValidationException(validationResult.Errors);
+
+        // Check for duplicates
+        var exists = await context.Users.AnyAsync(u => u.Email == request.Email, ct);
+        if (exists)
+            throw new ConflictException($"User with email {request.Email} already exists");
+
+        // Create entity
+        var user = User.Create(
+            request.Name,
+            request.Email,
+            passwordHasher.Hash(request.Password));
+
+        context.Users.Add(user);
+        await context.SaveChangesAsync(ct);
+
+        logger.LogInformation("Created user {UserId} with email {Email}", user.Id, user.Email);
+
+        return new UserDto(user.Id, user.Name, user.Email, user.Role, user.CreatedAt);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Command with Domain Events
+
+```csharp
+public record CreateOrderCommand(
+    Guid CustomerId,
+    List<OrderItemDto> Items) : IRequest<OrderDto>;
+
+public class CreateOrderCommandHandler(
+    AppDbContext context,
+    IMediator mediator)
+    : IRequestHandler<CreateOrderCommand, OrderDto>
+{
+    public async Task<OrderDto> Handle(CreateOrderCommand request, CancellationToken ct)
+    {
+        var order = Order.Create(request.CustomerId, request.Items);
+        
+        context.Orders.Add(order);
+        await context.SaveChangesAsync(ct);
+
+        // Publish domain events
+        foreach (var domainEvent in order.DomainEvents)
+        {
+            await mediator.Publish(domainEvent, ct);
+        }
+        order.ClearDomainEvents();
+
+        return MapToDto(order);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Queries
+
+### Query Definition
+
+```csharp
+// Simple query
+public record GetUserByIdQuery(Guid Id) : IRequest<UserDto?>;
+
+// Query with pagination
+public record GetUsersQuery(
+    int Page = 1,
+    int PageSize = 10,
+    string? SearchTerm = null,
+    string? SortBy = null,
+    bool SortDescending = false) : IRequest<PagedResult<UserDto>>;
+
+// Query with includes
+public record GetUserWithPostsQuery(Guid Id) : IRequest<UserWithPostsDto?>;
+```
+
+### Query Handler
+
+```csharp
+public class GetUserByIdQueryHandler(AppDbContext context)
+    : IRequestHandler<GetUserByIdQuery, UserDto?>
+{
+    public async Task<UserDto?> Handle(GetUserByIdQuery request, CancellationToken ct)
+    {
+        return await context.Users
+            .AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(u => u.Id == request.Id)
+            .Select(u => new UserDto(u.Id, u.Name, u.Email, u.Role, u.CreatedAt))
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(ct);
+    }
+}
+
+public class GetUsersQueryHandler(AppDbContext context)
+    : IRequestHandler<GetUsersQuery, PagedResult<UserDto>>
+{
+    public async Task<PagedResult<UserDto>> Handle(GetUsersQuery request, CancellationToken ct)
+    {
+        var query = context.Users.AsNoTracking();
+
+        // Apply search filter
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.SearchTerm))
+        {
+            query = query.Where(u =>
+                u.Name.Contains(request.SearchTerm) ||
+                u.Email.Contains(request.SearchTerm));
+        }
+
+        // Apply sorting
+        query = request.SortBy?.ToLower() switch
+        {
+            "name" => request.SortDescending
+                ? query.OrderByDescending(u => u.Name)
+                : query.OrderBy(u => u.Name),
+            "email" => request.SortDescending
+                ? query.OrderByDescending(u => u.Email)
+                : query.OrderBy(u => u.Email),
+            "createdat" => request.SortDescending
+                ? query.OrderByDescending(u => u.CreatedAt)
+                : query.OrderBy(u => u.CreatedAt),
+            _ => query.OrderBy(u => u.Name)
+        };
+
+        var totalCount = await query.CountAsync(ct);
+
+        var items = await query
+            .Skip((request.Page - 1) * request.PageSize)
+            .Take(request.PageSize)
+            .Select(u => new UserDto(u.Id, u.Name, u.Email, u.Role, u.CreatedAt))
+            .ToListAsync(ct);
+
+        return new PagedResult<UserDto>(items, totalCount, request.Page, request.PageSize);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## FluentValidation
+
+### Installation
+
+```bash
+dotnet add package FluentValidation
+dotnet add package FluentValidation.DependencyInjectionExtensions
+```
+
+```csharp
+// Program.cs
+builder.Services.AddValidatorsFromAssemblyContaining<Program>();
+```
+
+### Basic Validators
+
+```csharp
+public class CreateUserCommandValidator : AbstractValidator<CreateUserCommand>
+{
+    public CreateUserCommandValidator()
+    {
+        RuleFor(x => x.Name)
+            .NotEmpty().WithMessage("Name is required")
+            .MinimumLength(2).WithMessage("Name must be at least 2 characters")
+            .MaximumLength(100).WithMessage("Name cannot exceed 100 characters");
+
+        RuleFor(x => x.Email)
+            .NotEmpty().WithMessage("Email is required")
+            .EmailAddress().WithMessage("Invalid email format")
+            .MaximumLength(256).WithMessage("Email cannot exceed 256 characters");
+
+        RuleFor(x => x.Password)
+            .NotEmpty().WithMessage("Password is required")
+            .MinimumLength(8).WithMessage("Password must be at least 8 characters")
+            .Matches(@"[A-Z]").WithMessage("Password must contain at least one uppercase letter")
+            .Matches(@"[a-z]").WithMessage("Password must contain at least one lowercase letter")
+            .Matches(@"[0-9]").WithMessage("Password must contain at least one digit")
+            .Matches(@"[^a-zA-Z0-9]").WithMessage("Password must contain at least one special character");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Async Validation with Dependencies
+
+```csharp
+public class CreateUserCommandValidator : AbstractValidator<CreateUserCommand>
+{
+    public CreateUserCommandValidator(IUserRepository userRepository)
+    {
+        RuleFor(x => x.Name)
+            .NotEmpty()
+            .MaximumLength(100);
+
+        RuleFor(x => x.Email)
+            .NotEmpty()
+            .EmailAddress()
+            .MustAsync(async (email, ct) => !await userRepository.EmailExistsAsync(email, ct))
+            .WithMessage("Email is already in use");
+
+        RuleFor(x => x.Password)
+            .SetValidator(new PasswordValidator());
+    }
+}
+
+// Reusable validator
+public class PasswordValidator : AbstractValidator<string>
+{
+    public PasswordValidator()
+    {
+        RuleFor(x => x)
+            .NotEmpty().WithMessage("Password is required")
+            .MinimumLength(8).WithMessage("Password must be at least 8 characters")
+            .Matches(@"[A-Z]").WithMessage("Must contain uppercase letter")
+            .Matches(@"[a-z]").WithMessage("Must contain lowercase letter")
+            .Matches(@"[0-9]").WithMessage("Must contain digit");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Complex Validation Rules
+
+```csharp
+public class CreateOrderCommandValidator : AbstractValidator<CreateOrderCommand>
+{
+    public CreateOrderCommandValidator(IProductRepository productRepository)
+    {
+        RuleFor(x => x.CustomerId)
+            .NotEmpty().WithMessage("Customer ID is required");
+
+        RuleFor(x => x.Items)
+            .NotEmpty().WithMessage("At least one item is required")
+            .Must(items => items.Count <= 50).WithMessage("Maximum 50 items per order");
+
+        RuleForEach(x => x.Items).ChildRules(item =>
+        {
+            item.RuleFor(i => i.ProductId)
+                .NotEmpty()
+                .MustAsync(async (id, ct) => await productRepository.ExistsAsync(id, ct))
+                .WithMessage("Product not found");
+
+            item.RuleFor(i => i.Quantity)
+                .GreaterThan(0).WithMessage("Quantity must be positive")
+                .LessThanOrEqualTo(100).WithMessage("Maximum quantity is 100");
+        });
+
+        // Cross-field validation
+        RuleFor(x => x)
+            .MustAsync(async (cmd, ct) =>
+            {
+                var totalItems = cmd.Items.Sum(i => i.Quantity);
+                return totalItems <= 500;
+            })
+            .WithMessage("Total items cannot exceed 500");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Validation Groups
+
+```csharp
+public class UpdateUserCommandValidator : AbstractValidator<UpdateUserCommand>
+{
+    public UpdateUserCommandValidator()
+    {
+        // Always validate
+        RuleFor(x => x.Id).NotEmpty();
+
+        // Validate when updating profile
+        RuleSet("Profile", () =>
+        {
+            RuleFor(x => x.Name).NotEmpty().MaximumLength(100);
+            RuleFor(x => x.Bio).MaximumLength(500);
+        });
+
+        // Validate when updating email
+        RuleSet("Email", () =>
+        {
+            RuleFor(x => x.Email).NotEmpty().EmailAddress();
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+// Usage
+var result = await validator.ValidateAsync(command, options =>
+    options.IncludeRuleSets("Profile"));
+```
+
+---
+
+## Pipeline Behaviors
+
+### Validation Behavior
+
+```csharp
+public class ValidationBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>(
+    IEnumerable<IValidator<TRequest>> validators)
+    : IPipelineBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>
+    where TRequest : notnull
+{
+    public async Task<TResponse> Handle(
+        TRequest request,
+        RequestHandlerDelegate<TResponse> next,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (!validators.Any())
+            return await next();
+
+        var context = new ValidationContext<TRequest>(request);
+
+        var validationResults = await Task.WhenAll(
+            validators.Select(v => v.ValidateAsync(context, cancellationToken)));
+
+        var failures = validationResults
+            .SelectMany(r => r.Errors)
+            .Where(f => f is not null)
+            .ToList();
+
+        if (failures.Count > 0)
+            throw new ValidationException(failures);
+
+        return await next();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Logging Behavior
+
+```csharp
+public class LoggingBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>(
+    ILogger<LoggingBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>> logger)
+    : IPipelineBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>
+    where TRequest : notnull
+{
+    public async Task<TResponse> Handle(
+        TRequest request,
+        RequestHandlerDelegate<TResponse> next,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var requestName = typeof(TRequest).Name;
+        var requestId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N")[..8];
+
+        logger.LogInformation(
+            "Handling {RequestName} ({RequestId})",
+            requestName, requestId);
+
+        var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+        try
+        {
+            var response = await next();
+            sw.Stop();
+
+            logger.LogInformation(
+                "Handled {RequestName} ({RequestId}) in {ElapsedMs}ms",
+                requestName, requestId, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
+
+            return response;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            sw.Stop();
+            logger.LogError(
+                ex,
+                "Error handling {RequestName} ({RequestId}) after {ElapsedMs}ms",
+                requestName, requestId, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Transaction Behavior
+
+```csharp
+public class TransactionBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>(
+    AppDbContext context,
+    ILogger<TransactionBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>> logger)
+    : IPipelineBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>
+    where TRequest : notnull
+{
+    public async Task<TResponse> Handle(
+        TRequest request,
+        RequestHandlerDelegate<TResponse> next,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        // Skip for queries
+        if (typeof(TRequest).Name.EndsWith("Query"))
+            return await next();
+
+        await using var transaction = await context.Database.BeginTransactionAsync(cancellationToken);
+
+        try
+        {
+            var response = await next();
+            await transaction.CommitAsync(cancellationToken);
+            return response;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            await transaction.RollbackAsync(cancellationToken);
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Caching Behavior
+
+```csharp
+public interface ICacheable
+{
+    string CacheKey { get; }
+    TimeSpan? CacheDuration { get; }
+}
+
+public class CachingBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>(
+    IDistributedCache cache,
+    ILogger<CachingBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>> logger)
+    : IPipelineBehavior<TRequest, TResponse>
+    where TRequest : ICacheable
+{
+    public async Task<TResponse> Handle(
+        TRequest request,
+        RequestHandlerDelegate<TResponse> next,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var cacheKey = request.CacheKey;
+
+        var cachedValue = await cache.GetStringAsync(cacheKey, cancellationToken);
+        if (cachedValue is not null)
+        {
+            logger.LogDebug("Cache hit for {CacheKey}", cacheKey);
+            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<TResponse>(cachedValue)!;
+        }
+
+        logger.LogDebug("Cache miss for {CacheKey}", cacheKey);
+        var response = await next();
+
+        var options = new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
+        {
+            AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = request.CacheDuration ?? TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
+        };
+
+        await cache.SetStringAsync(
+            cacheKey,
+            JsonSerializer.Serialize(response),
+            options,
+            cancellationToken);
+
+        return response;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Notifications (Domain Events)
+
+### Notification Definition
+
+```csharp
+public record UserCreatedNotification(Guid UserId, string Email) : INotification;
+
+public record OrderPlacedNotification(Guid OrderId, Guid CustomerId, decimal Total) : INotification;
+```
+
+### Notification Handlers
+
+```csharp
+public class SendWelcomeEmailHandler(IEmailService emailService)
+    : INotificationHandler<UserCreatedNotification>
+{
+    public async Task Handle(UserCreatedNotification notification, CancellationToken ct)
+    {
+        await emailService.SendWelcomeEmailAsync(notification.Email, ct);
+    }
+}
+
+public class UpdateAnalyticsHandler(IAnalyticsService analyticsService)
+    : INotificationHandler<UserCreatedNotification>
+{
+    public async Task Handle(UserCreatedNotification notification, CancellationToken ct)
+    {
+        await analyticsService.TrackUserCreatedAsync(notification.UserId, ct);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Publishing Notifications
+
+```csharp
+public class CreateUserCommandHandler(
+    AppDbContext context,
+    IMediator mediator)
+    : IRequestHandler<CreateUserCommand, UserDto>
+{
+    public async Task<UserDto> Handle(CreateUserCommand request, CancellationToken ct)
+    {
+        var user = User.Create(request.Name, request.Email, request.Password);
+        
+        context.Users.Add(user);
+        await context.SaveChangesAsync(ct);
+
+        // Publish notification
+        await mediator.Publish(new UserCreatedNotification(user.Id, user.Email), ct);
+
+        return MapToDto(user);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Result Pattern
+
+```csharp
+public class Result<T>
+{
+    public bool IsSuccess { get; }
+    public T? Value { get; }
+    public string? Error { get; }
+    public List<string> ValidationErrors { get; } = [];
+
+    private Result(T value) { IsSuccess = true; Value = value; }
+    private Result(string error) { IsSuccess = false; Error = error; }
+    private Result(List<string> errors) { IsSuccess = false; ValidationErrors = errors; }
+
+    public static Result<T> Success(T value) => new(value);
+    public static Result<T> Failure(string error) => new(error);
+    public static Result<T> ValidationFailure(List<string> errors) => new(errors);
+
+    public TResult Match<TResult>(
+        Func<T, TResult> onSuccess,
+        Func<string, TResult> onFailure)
+        => IsSuccess ? onSuccess(Value!) : onFailure(Error ?? string.Join(", ", ValidationErrors));
+}
+
+// Usage in handler
+public async Task<Result<UserDto>> Handle(CreateUserCommand request, CancellationToken ct)
+{
+    var validation = await validator.ValidateAsync(request, ct);
+    if (!validation.IsValid)
+        return Result<UserDto>.ValidationFailure(
+            validation.Errors.Select(e => e.ErrorMessage).ToList());
+
+    // ... create user
+    return Result<UserDto>.Success(userDto);
+}
+
+// Usage in endpoint
+app.MapPost("/api/users", async (CreateUserCommand cmd, IMediator mediator) =>
+{
+    var result = await mediator.Send(cmd);
+    return result.Match(
+        user => Results.Created($"/api/users/{user.Id}", user),
+        error => Results.BadRequest(new { error }));
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+Version: 2.0.0
+Last Updated: 2026-01-06