ins-pricing 0.1.6__py3-none-any.whl

user_packages legacy/Try/BayesOptAll.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1569 @@
+# 数据在CPU和GPU之间传输会带来较大开销，但可以多CUDA流同时传输数据和计算,从而实现更大数据集的操作。
+
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+from random import sample
+from re import X
+from turtle import st
+from uuid import RESERVED_FUTURE
+import numpy as np  # 1.26.2
+import pandas as pd  # 2.2.3
+import torch  # 1.10.1+cu111
+import torch.nn as nn
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+import optuna  # 4.3.0
+import xgboost as xgb  # 1.7.0
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import os
+import joblib
+import torch.utils.checkpoint as cp
+import copy
+
+from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader, TensorDataset
+from torch.cuda.amp import autocast, GradScaler
+from torch.nn.utils import clip_grad_norm_
+from sklearn.model_selection import KFold, ShuffleSplit, cross_val_score  # 1.2.2
+from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
+from sklearn.metrics import make_scorer, mean_tweedie_deviance
+
+# 定义torch下tweedie deviance损失函数
+# 参考：https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/model_evaluation.html#mean-poisson-gamma-and-tweedie-deviances
+
+
+def tweedie_loss(pred, target, p=1.5):
+    # Ensure predictions are positive for stability
+    eps = 1e-6
+    pred_clamped = torch.clamp(pred, min=eps)
+    # Compute Tweedie deviance components
+    if p == 1:
+        # Poisson case
+        term1 = target * torch.log(target / pred_clamped + eps)
+        term2 = -target + pred_clamped
+        term3 = 0
+    elif p == 0:
+        # Gaussian case
+        term1 = 0.5 * torch.pow(target - pred_clamped, 2)
+        term2 = 0
+        term3 = 0
+    elif p == 2:
+        # Gamma case
+        term1 = torch.log(pred_clamped / target + eps)
+        term2 = -target / pred_clamped + 1
+        term3 = 0
+    else:
+        term1 = torch.pow(target, 2 - p) / ((1 - p) * (2 - p))
+        term2 = target * torch.pow(pred_clamped, 1 - p) / (1 - p)
+        term3 = torch.pow(pred_clamped, 2 - p) / (2 - p)
+    # Tweedie negative log-likelihood (up to a constant)
+    return 2 * (term1 - term2 + term3)
+
+# 定义分箱函数
+
+
+def split_data(data, col_nme, wgt_nme, n_bins=10):
+    data.sort_values(by=col_nme, ascending=True, inplace=True)
+    data['cum_weight'] = data[wgt_nme].cumsum()
+    w_sum = data[wgt_nme].sum()
+    data.loc[:, 'bins'] = np.floor(data['cum_weight'] * float(n_bins) / w_sum)
+    data.loc[(data['bins'] == n_bins), 'bins'] = n_bins - 1
+    return data.groupby(['bins'], observed=True).sum(numeric_only=True)
+
+# 定义Lift Chart绘制函数
+
+
+def plot_lift_list(pred_model, w_pred_list, w_act_list,
+                   weight_list, tgt_nme, n_bins=10,
+                   fig_nme='Lift Chart'):
+    lift_data = pd.DataFrame()
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'pred'] = pred_model
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'w_pred'] = w_pred_list
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'act'] = w_act_list
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'weight'] = weight_list
+    plot_data = split_data(lift_data, 'pred', 'weight', n_bins)
+    plot_data['exp_v'] = plot_data['w_pred'] / plot_data['weight']
+    plot_data['act_v'] = plot_data['act'] / plot_data['weight']
+    plot_data.reset_index(inplace=True)
+    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 5))
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+    ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['act_v'],
+            label='Actual', color='red')
+    ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['exp_v'],
+            label='Predicted', color='blue')
+    ax.set_title(
+        'Lift Chart of %s' % tgt_nme, fontsize=8)
+    plt.xticks(plot_data.index,
+               plot_data.index,
+               rotation=90, fontsize=6)
+    plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+    plt.legend(loc='upper left',
+               fontsize=5, frameon=False)
+    plt.margins(0.05)
+    ax2 = ax.twinx()
+    ax2.bar(plot_data.index, plot_data['weight'],
+            alpha=0.5, color='seagreen',
+            label='Earned Exposure')
+    plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+    plt.legend(loc='upper right',
+               fontsize=5, frameon=False)
+    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.3)
+    save_path = os.path.join(
+        os.getcwd(), 'plot', f'05_{tgt_nme}_{fig_nme}.png')
+    plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=300)
+    plt.close(fig)
+
+# 定义Double Lift Chart绘制函数
+
+
+def plot_dlift_list(pred_model_1, pred_model_2,
+                    model_nme_1, model_nme_2,
+                    tgt_nme,
+                    w_list, w_act_list, n_bins=10,
+                    fig_nme='Double Lift Chart'):
+    lift_data = pd.DataFrame()
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'pred1'] = pred_model_1
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'pred2'] = pred_model_2
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'diff_ly'] = lift_data['pred1'] / lift_data['pred2']
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'act'] = w_act_list
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'weight'] = w_list
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'w_pred1'] = lift_data['pred1'] * lift_data['weight']
+    lift_data.loc[:, 'w_pred2'] = lift_data['pred2'] * lift_data['weight']
+    plot_data = split_data(lift_data, 'diff_ly', 'weight', n_bins)
+    plot_data['exp_v1'] = plot_data['w_pred1'] / plot_data['act']
+    plot_data['exp_v2'] = plot_data['w_pred2'] / plot_data['act']
+    plot_data['act_v'] = plot_data['act']/plot_data['act']
+    plot_data.reset_index(inplace=True)
+    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 5))
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+    ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['act_v'],
+            label='Actual', color='red')
+    ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['exp_v1'],
+            label=model_nme_1, color='blue')
+    ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['exp_v2'],
+            label=model_nme_2, color='black')
+    ax.set_title(
+        'Double Lift Chart of %s' % tgt_nme, fontsize=8)
+    plt.xticks(plot_data.index,
+               plot_data.index,
+               rotation=90, fontsize=6)
+    plt.xlabel('%s / %s' % (model_nme_1, model_nme_2), fontsize=6)
+    plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+    plt.legend(loc='upper left',
+               fontsize=5, frameon=False)
+    plt.margins(0.1)
+    plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.25, top=0.95, right=0.8)
+    ax2 = ax.twinx()
+    ax2.bar(plot_data.index, plot_data['weight'],
+            alpha=0.5, color='seagreen',
+            label='Earned Exposure')
+    plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+    plt.legend(loc='upper right',
+               fontsize=5, frameon=False)
+    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.3)
+    save_path = os.path.join(
+        os.getcwd(), 'plot', f'06_{tgt_nme}_{fig_nme}.png')
+    plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=300)
+    plt.close(fig)
+
+
+# 开始定义ResNet模型结构
+# 残差块：两层线性 + ReLU + 残差连接
+# ResBlock 继承 nn.Module
+class ResBlock(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, dim: int, dropout: float = 0.1,
+                 use_layernorm: bool = False, residual_scale: float = 0.1
+                 ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.use_layernorm = use_layernorm
+
+        if use_layernorm:
+            Norm = nn.LayerNorm      # 对最后一维做归一化
+        else:
+            def Norm(d): return nn.BatchNorm1d(d)  # 保留一个开关，想试 BN 时也能用
+
+        self.norm1 = Norm(dim)
+        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=True)
+        self.act = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout) if dropout > 0.0 else nn.Identity()
+        self.norm2 = Norm(dim)
+        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=True)
+
+        # 残差缩放，防止一开始就把主干搞炸
+        self.res_scale = nn.Parameter(
+            torch.tensor(residual_scale, dtype=torch.float32)
+        )
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        # pre-activation
+        out = self.norm1(x)
+        out = self.fc1(out)
+        out = self.act(out)
+        out = self.dropout(out)
+        out = self.norm2(out)
+        out = self.fc2(out)
+        # 残差缩放再相加
+        return F.relu(x + self.res_scale * out)
+
+# ResNetSequential 继承 nn.Module，定义整个网络结构
+
+
+class ResNetSequential(nn.Module):
+    # 输入: (batch, input_dim)
+    # 结构:
+    #   fc1 -> LN/Bn -> ReLU -> ResBlock * block_num -> fc_out -> Softplus
+
+    def __init__(self, input_dim: int, hidden_dim: int = 64, block_num: int = 2,
+                 use_layernorm: bool = True, dropout: float = 0.1,
+                 residual_scale: float = 0.1):
+        super(ResNetSequential, self).__init__()
+
+        self.net = nn.Sequential()
+        self.net.add_module('fc1', nn.Linear(input_dim, hidden_dim))
+
+        if use_layernorm:
+            self.net.add_module('norm1', nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim))
+        else:
+            self.net.add_module('norm1', nn.BatchNorm1d(hidden_dim))
+
+        self.net.add_module('relu1', nn.ReLU(inplace=True))
+
+        # 多个残差块
+        for i in range(block_num):
+            self.net.add_module(
+                f'ResBlk_{i+1}',
+                ResBlock(
+                    hidden_dim,
+                    dropout=dropout,
+                    use_layernorm=use_layernorm,
+                    residual_scale=residual_scale)
+            )
+
+        self.net.add_module('fc_out', nn.Linear(hidden_dim, 1))
+        self.net.add_module('softplus', nn.Softplus())
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        return self.net(x)
+
+# 定义ResNet模型的Scikit-Learn接口类
+
+
+class ResNetScikitLearn(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, model_nme: str, input_dim: int, hidden_dim: int = 64,
+                 block_num: int = 2, batch_num: int = 100, epochs: int = 100,
+                 tweedie_power: float = 1.5, learning_rate: float = 0.01, patience: int = 10,
+                 use_layernorm: bool = True, dropout: float = 0.1,
+                 residual_scale: float = 0.1):
+        super(ResNetScikitLearn, self).__init__()
+
+        self.input_dim = input_dim
+        self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim
+        self.block_num = block_num
+        self.batch_num = batch_num
+        self.epochs = epochs
+        self.model_nme = model_nme
+        self.learning_rate = learning_rate
+        self.patience = patience
+        self.use_layernorm = use_layernorm
+        self.dropout = dropout
+        self.residual_scale = residual_scale
+
+        # 设备选择：cuda > mps > cpu
+        if torch.cuda.is_available():
+            self.device = torch.device('cuda')
+        elif torch.backends.mps.is_available():
+            self.device = torch.device('mps')
+        else:
+            self.device = torch.device('cpu')
+
+        # Tweedie power
+        if 'f' in self.model_nme:
+            self.tw_power = 1
+        elif 's' in self.model_nme:
+            self.tw_power = 2
+        else:
+            self.tw_power = tweedie_power
+
+        # 搭建网络
+        self.resnet = ResNetSequential(
+            self.input_dim,
+            self.hidden_dim,
+            self.block_num,
+            use_layernorm=self.use_layernorm,
+            dropout=self.dropout,
+            residual_scale=self.residual_scale
+        ).to(self.device)
+
+    def fit(self, X_train, y_train, w_train=None,
+            X_val=None, y_val=None, w_val=None):
+
+        # === 1. 训练集：留在 CPU，交给 DataLoader 再搬到 GPU ===
+        X_tensor = torch.tensor(X_train.values, dtype=torch.float32)
+        y_tensor = torch.tensor(
+            y_train.values, dtype=torch.float32).view(-1, 1)
+        if w_train is not None:
+            w_tensor = torch.tensor(
+                w_train.values, dtype=torch.float32).view(-1, 1)
+        else:
+            w_tensor = torch.ones_like(y_tensor)
+
+        # === 2. 验证集：先在 CPU 上建，后面一次性搬到 device ===
+        has_val = X_val is not None and y_val is not None
+        if has_val:
+            X_val_tensor = torch.tensor(X_val.values, dtype=torch.float32)
+            y_val_tensor = torch.tensor(
+                y_val.values, dtype=torch.float32).view(-1, 1)
+            if w_val is not None:
+                w_val_tensor = torch.tensor(
+                    w_val.values, dtype=torch.float32).view(-1, 1)
+            else:
+                w_val_tensor = torch.ones_like(y_val_tensor)
+        else:
+            X_val_tensor = y_val_tensor = w_val_tensor = None
+
+        # === 3. DataLoader ===
+        dataset = TensorDataset(X_tensor, y_tensor, w_tensor)
+        batch_size = max(
+            4096,
+            int((self.learning_rate / (1e-4)) ** 0.5 *
+                (X_train.shape[0] / self.batch_num))
+        )
+
+        dataloader = DataLoader(
+            dataset,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            shuffle=True,
+            num_workers=1,  # tabular: 0~1 一般够用
+            pin_memory=(self.device.type == 'cuda')
+        )
+
+        # === 4. 优化器 & AMP ===
+        optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(
+            self.resnet.parameters(), lr=self.learning_rate)
+        scaler = GradScaler(enabled=(self.device.type == 'cuda'))
+
+        # === 5. Early stopping ===
+        best_loss, patience_counter = float('inf'), 0
+        best_model_state = None
+
+        # 如果有验证集，先把它整个搬到 device，只搬一次
+        if has_val:
+            X_val_dev = X_val_tensor.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+            y_val_dev = y_val_tensor.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+            w_val_dev = w_val_tensor.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+
+        # === 6. 训练循环 ===
+        for epoch in range(1, self.epochs + 1):
+            self.resnet.train()
+            for X_batch, y_batch, w_batch in dataloader:
+                optimizer.zero_grad()
+
+                X_batch = X_batch.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+                y_batch = y_batch.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+                w_batch = w_batch.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+
+                with autocast(enabled=(self.device.type == 'cuda')):
+                    y_pred = self.resnet(X_batch)
+                    y_pred = torch.clamp(y_pred, min=1e-6)
+
+                    losses = tweedie_loss(
+                        y_pred, y_batch, p=self.tw_power).view(-1)
+                    weighted_loss = (losses * w_batch.view(-1)
+                                     ).sum() / w_batch.sum()
+
+                scaler.scale(weighted_loss).backward()
+
+                if self.device.type == 'cuda':
+                    scaler.unscale_(optimizer)
+                    clip_grad_norm_(self.resnet.parameters(), max_norm=1.0)
+
+                scaler.step(optimizer)
+                scaler.update()
+
+            # === 7. 验证集损失 & early stopping ===
+            if has_val:
+                self.resnet.eval()
+                with torch.no_grad(), autocast(enabled=(self.device.type == 'cuda')):
+                    y_val_pred = self.resnet(X_val_dev)
+                    y_val_pred = torch.clamp(y_val_pred, min=1e-6)
+
+                    val_loss_values = tweedie_loss(
+                        y_val_pred, y_val_dev, p=self.tw_power
+                    ).view(-1)
+                    val_weighted_loss = (
+                        val_loss_values * w_val_dev.view(-1)
+                    ).sum() / w_val_dev.sum()
+
+                if val_weighted_loss < best_loss:
+                    best_loss = val_weighted_loss
+                    patience_counter = 0
+                    best_model_state = copy.deepcopy(self.resnet.state_dict())
+                else:
+                    patience_counter += 1
+
+                if patience_counter >= self.patience and best_model_state is not None:
+                    self.resnet.load_state_dict(best_model_state)
+                    break
+
+    # ---------------- predict ----------------
+
+    def predict(self, X_test):
+        self.resnet.eval()
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            X_tensor = torch.tensor(
+                X_test.values, dtype=torch.float32).to(self.device)
+            y_pred = self.resnet(X_tensor).cpu().numpy()
+
+        y_pred = np.clip(y_pred, 1e-6, None)
+        return y_pred.flatten()
+
+    # ---------------- set_params ----------------
+
+    def set_params(self, params):
+        for key, value in params.items():
+            if hasattr(self, key):
+                setattr(self, key, value)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Parameter {key} not found in model.")
+
+# 开始定义FT Transformer模型结构
+
+
+class FeatureTokenizer(nn.Module):
+    # 将数值特征 & 类别特征映射为 token (batch, n_tokens, d_model)
+    # 假设:
+    #   - X_num: (batch, num_numeric)
+    #   - X_cat: (batch, num_categorical)，每列是已编码好的整数标签 [0, card-1]
+
+    def __init__(self, num_numeric: int, cat_cardinalities, d_model: int):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.num_numeric = num_numeric
+        self.has_numeric = num_numeric > 0
+
+        if self.has_numeric:
+            self.num_linear = nn.Linear(num_numeric, d_model)
+
+        self.embeddings = nn.ModuleList([
+            nn.Embedding(card, d_model) for card in cat_cardinalities
+        ])
+
+    def forward(self, X_num, X_cat):
+        tokens = []
+
+        if self.has_numeric:
+            # 数值特征映射为一个 token
+            num_token = self.num_linear(X_num)          # (batch, d_model)
+            tokens.append(num_token)
+
+        # 每个类别特征一个 embedding token
+        for i, emb in enumerate(self.embeddings):
+            # X_cat[:, i]: (batch,) long
+            tok = emb(X_cat[:, i])                     # (batch, d_model)
+            tokens.append(tok)
+
+        # (batch, n_tokens, d_model)
+        x = torch.stack(tokens, dim=1)
+        return x
+
+# 定义FT-Transformer核心模型
+
+
+class FTTransformerCore(nn.Module):
+    # 一个最小可用的 FT-Transformer：
+    #   - FeatureTokenizer: 数值、类别 → token
+    #   - TransformerEncoder: 捕捉特征交互
+    #   - 池化 + MLP + Softplus: 输出正值 (适配 Tweedie/Gamma)
+
+    def __init__(self, num_numeric: int, cat_cardinalities, d_model: int = 64,
+                 n_heads: int = 8, n_layers: int = 4, dropout: float = 0.1,
+                 ):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.tokenizer = FeatureTokenizer(
+            num_numeric=num_numeric,
+            cat_cardinalities=cat_cardinalities,
+            d_model=d_model
+        )
+
+        encoder_layer = nn.TransformerEncoderLayer(
+            d_model=d_model,
+            nhead=n_heads,
+            dim_feedforward=d_model * 4,
+            dropout=dropout,
+            activation="gelu",
+            batch_first=True,
+            norm_first=True,  # pre-norm 更稳
+        )
+        self.encoder = nn.TransformerEncoder(
+            encoder_layer,
+            num_layers=n_layers
+        )
+
+        self.head = nn.Sequential(
+            nn.LayerNorm(d_model),
+            nn.Linear(d_model, d_model),
+            nn.GELU(),
+            nn.Linear(d_model, 1),
+            nn.Softplus()  # 保证输出为正，适合 Tweedie / Gamma
+        )
+
+    def forward(self, X_num, X_cat):
+
+        # X_num: (batch, num_numeric) float32
+        # X_cat: (batch, num_categorical) long
+
+        tokens = self.tokenizer(X_num, X_cat)  # (batch, tokens, d_model)
+        x = self.encoder(tokens)               # (batch, tokens, d_model)
+
+        # 简单地对 token 取平均池化
+        x = x.mean(dim=1)                      # (batch, d_model)
+
+        out = self.head(x)                     # (batch, 1), Softplus 已做
+        return out
+
+# 定义TabularDataset类
+
+
+class TabularDataset(Dataset):
+    def __init__(self, X_num, X_cat, y, w):
+
+        # X_num: torch.float32, (N, num_numeric)
+        # X_cat: torch.long,    (N, num_categorical)
+        # y:     torch.float32, (N, 1)
+        # w:     torch.float32, (N, 1)
+
+        self.X_num = X_num
+        self.X_cat = X_cat
+        self.y = y
+        self.w = w
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self.y.shape[0]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx):
+        return (
+            self.X_num[idx],
+            self.X_cat[idx],
+            self.y[idx],
+            self.w[idx],
+        )
+
+# 定义FTTransformer的Scikit-Learn接口类
+
+
+class FTTransformerSklearn(nn.Module):
+
+    # sklearn 风格包装：
+    #   - num_cols: 数值特征列名列表
+    #   - cat_cols: 类别特征列名列表 (已做 label encoding，取值 [0, n_classes-1])
+
+    def __init__(self, model_nme: str, num_cols, cat_cols, d_model: int = 64, n_heads: int = 8,
+                 n_layers: int = 4, dropout: float = 0.1, batch_num: int = 100, epochs: int = 100,
+                 tweedie_power: float = 1.5, learning_rate: float = 1e-3, patience: int = 10,
+                 ):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.model_nme = model_nme
+        self.num_cols = list(num_cols)
+        self.cat_cols = list(cat_cols)
+        self.d_model = d_model
+        self.n_heads = n_heads
+        self.n_layers = n_layers
+        self.dropout = dropout
+        self.batch_num = batch_num
+        self.epochs = epochs
+        self.learning_rate = learning_rate
+        self.patience = patience
+        if 'f' in self.model_nme:
+            self.tw_power = 1.0
+        elif 's' in self.model_nme:
+            self.tw_power = 2.0
+        else:
+            self.tw_power = tweedie_power
+        if torch.cuda.is_available():
+            self.device = torch.device("cuda")
+        elif torch.backends.mps.is_available():
+            self.device = torch.device("mps")
+        else:
+            self.device = torch.device("cpu")
+        self.cat_cardinalities = None
+        self.cat_categories = {}
+        self.ft = None
+
+    def _build_model(self, X_train):
+        num_numeric = len(self.num_cols)
+        cat_cardinalities = []
+
+        for col in self.cat_cols:
+            cats = X_train[col].astype('category')
+            categories = cats.cat.categories
+            self.cat_categories[col] = categories           # 保存训练集类别全集
+
+            card = len(categories) + 1                      # 多预留 1 类给“未知/缺失”
+            cat_cardinalities.append(card)
+
+        self.cat_cardinalities = cat_cardinalities
+
+        self.ft = FTTransformerCore(
+            num_numeric=num_numeric,
+            cat_cardinalities=cat_cardinalities,
+            d_model=self.d_model,
+            n_heads=self.n_heads,
+            n_layers=self.n_layers,
+            dropout=self.dropout,
+        ).to(self.device)
+
+    def _encode_cats(self, X):
+        # X: DataFrame，至少包含 self.cat_cols
+        # 返回: np.ndarray, shape (N, num_categorical), dtype=int64
+
+        if not self.cat_cols:
+            return np.zeros((len(X), 0), dtype='int64')
+
+        X_cat_list = []
+        for col in self.cat_cols:
+            # 使用训练时记录下来的 categories
+            categories = self.cat_categories[col]
+            # 用固定的 categories 构造 Categorical
+            cats = pd.Categorical(X[col], categories=categories)
+            codes = cats.codes.astype('int64', copy=True)   # -1 表示未知或缺失
+            # 未知 / 缺失 映射到“未知类 bucket”，索引 = len(categories)
+            codes[codes < 0] = len(categories)
+            X_cat_list.append(codes)
+
+        X_cat_np = np.stack(X_cat_list, axis=1)  # (N, num_categorical)
+        return X_cat_np
+
+    def fit(self, X_train, y_train, w_train=None,
+            X_val=None, y_val=None, w_val=None):
+
+        # 第一次 fit 时构建模型结构
+        if self.ft is None:
+            self._build_model(X_train)
+
+        # --- 构建训练张量 (全在 CPU，后面 batch 再搬 GPU) ---
+        X_num_train = X_train[self.num_cols].to_numpy(
+            dtype=np.float32, copy=True)
+        X_num_train = torch.tensor(
+            X_num_train,
+            dtype=torch.float32
+        )
+
+        if self.cat_cols:
+            # X_cat_train_list = []
+            # for col in self.cat_cols:
+            #     cats = X_train[col].astype('category')
+            #     codes = np.array(cats.cat.codes, dtype='int64',
+            #                      copy=True)  # -1 表示缺失
+            #     # 把缺失映射到最后一类（cardinality 之外）
+            #     codes[codes < 0] = cats.cat.categories.size
+            #     X_cat_train_list.append(codes)
+            # X_cat_train = torch.tensor(
+            #     np.vstack(X_cat_train_list).T,  # (N, num_categorical)
+            #     dtype=torch.long
+            # )
+            X_cat_train_np = self._encode_cats(X_train)
+            X_cat_train = torch.tensor(X_cat_train_np, dtype=torch.long)
+        else:
+            X_cat_train = torch.zeros(
+                (X_num_train.size(0), 0), dtype=torch.long)
+
+        y_tensor = torch.tensor(
+            y_train.values,
+            dtype=torch.float32
+        ).view(-1, 1)
+
+        if w_train is not None:
+            w_tensor = torch.tensor(
+                w_train.values,
+                dtype=torch.float32
+            ).view(-1, 1)
+        else:
+            w_tensor = torch.ones_like(y_tensor)
+
+        # --- 验证集张量 (后面一次性搬到 device) ---
+        has_val = X_val is not None and y_val is not None
+        if has_val:
+            # ---------- 数值特征 ----------
+            X_num_val_np = X_val[self.num_cols].to_numpy(
+                dtype=np.float32, copy=True)
+            X_num_val = torch.tensor(X_num_val_np, dtype=torch.float32)
+
+            # ---------- 类别特征 ----------
+            if self.cat_cols:
+                # X_cat_val_list = []
+                # for col in self.cat_cols:
+                #     cats = X_val[col].astype('category')
+                #     codes = np.array(cats.cat.codes, dtype='int64', copy=True)
+                #     codes[codes < 0] = cats.cat.categories.size
+                #     X_cat_val_list.append(codes)
+                #
+                # X_cat_val_np = np.stack(
+                #     X_cat_val_list, axis=1).astype('int64', copy=False)
+                # X_cat_val = torch.tensor(X_cat_val_np, dtype=torch.long)
+                X_cat_val_np = self._encode_cats(X_val)
+                X_cat_val = torch.tensor(X_cat_val_np, dtype=torch.long)
+            else:
+                X_cat_val = torch.zeros(
+                    (X_num_val.shape[0], 0), dtype=torch.long)
+
+            # ---------- 目标 & 权重 ----------
+            y_val_np = y_val.values.astype(np.float32, copy=True)
+            y_val_tensor = torch.tensor(
+                y_val_np, dtype=torch.float32).view(-1, 1)
+
+            if w_val is not None:
+                w_val_np = w_val.values.astype(np.float32, copy=True)
+                w_val_tensor = torch.tensor(
+                    w_val_np, dtype=torch.float32).view(-1, 1)
+            else:
+                w_val_tensor = torch.ones_like(y_val_tensor)
+
+        else:
+            X_num_val = X_cat_val = y_val_tensor = w_val_tensor = None
+
+        # --- DataLoader ---
+        dataset = TabularDataset(
+            X_num_train, X_cat_train, y_tensor, w_tensor
+        )
+
+        batch_size = max(
+            32,
+            int((self.learning_rate / 1e-4) ** 0.5 *
+                (X_train.shape[0] / self.batch_num))
+        )
+
+        dataloader = DataLoader(
+            dataset,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            shuffle=True,
+            num_workers=1,
+            pin_memory=(self.device.type == 'cuda')
+        )
+
+        # --- 优化器 & AMP ---
+        optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(
+            self.ft.parameters(),
+            lr=self.learning_rate
+        )
+        scaler = GradScaler(enabled=(self.device.type == 'cuda'))
+
+        # --- Early stopping ---
+        best_loss = float('inf')
+        patience_counter = 0
+        best_model_state = None
+
+        # 验证集整体搬到 device（如果存在）
+        if has_val:
+            X_num_val_dev = X_num_val.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+            X_cat_val_dev = X_cat_val.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+            y_val_dev = y_val_tensor.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+            w_val_dev = w_val_tensor.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+
+        # --- 训练循环 ---
+        for epoch in range(1, self.epochs + 1):
+            self.ft.train()
+            for X_num_b, X_cat_b, y_b, w_b in dataloader:
+                optimizer.zero_grad()
+
+                X_num_b = X_num_b.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+                X_cat_b = X_cat_b.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+                y_b = y_b.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+                w_b = w_b.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+
+                with autocast(enabled=(self.device.type == 'cuda')):
+                    y_pred = self.ft(X_num_b, X_cat_b)
+                    y_pred = torch.clamp(y_pred, min=1e-6)
+
+                    losses = tweedie_loss(
+                        y_pred, y_b, p=self.tw_power
+                    ).view(-1)
+
+                    weighted_loss = (losses * w_b.view(-1)).sum() / w_b.sum()
+
+                scaler.scale(weighted_loss).backward()
+
+                if self.device.type == 'cuda':
+                    scaler.unscale_(optimizer)
+                    clip_grad_norm_(self.ft.parameters(), max_norm=1.0)
+
+                scaler.step(optimizer)
+                scaler.update()
+
+            # --- 验证 & early stopping ---
+            if has_val:
+                self.ft.eval()
+                with torch.no_grad(), autocast(enabled=(self.device.type == 'cuda')):
+                    y_val_pred = self.ft(X_num_val_dev, X_cat_val_dev)
+                    y_val_pred = torch.clamp(y_val_pred, min=1e-6)
+
+                    val_losses = tweedie_loss(
+                        y_val_pred, y_val_dev, p=self.tw_power
+                    ).view(-1)
+
+                    val_weighted_loss = (
+                        val_losses * w_val_dev.view(-1)
+                    ).sum() / w_val_dev.sum()
+
+                if val_weighted_loss < best_loss:
+                    best_loss = val_weighted_loss
+                    patience_counter = 0
+                    best_model_state = copy.deepcopy(self.ft.state_dict())
+                else:
+                    patience_counter += 1
+
+                if patience_counter >= self.patience and best_model_state is not None:
+                    self.ft.load_state_dict(best_model_state)
+                    break
+
+    def predict(self, X_test):
+        # X_test: DataFrame，包含 num_cols + cat_cols
+
+        self.ft.eval()
+        X_num = X_test[self.num_cols].to_numpy(dtype=np.float32, copy=True)
+        X_num = torch.tensor(
+            X_num,
+            dtype=torch.float32
+        )
+        if self.cat_cols:
+            # X_cat_list = []
+            # for col in self.cat_cols:
+            #     cats = X_test[col].astype('category')
+            #     codes = np.array(cats.cat.codes, dtype='int64',
+            #                      copy=True)  # -1 表示缺失
+            #     codes[codes < 0] = cats.cat.categories.size
+            #     X_cat_list.append(codes)
+            # X_cat = torch.tensor(
+            #     np.vstack(X_cat_list).T,
+            #     dtype=torch.long
+            # )
+            X_cat_np = self._encode_cats(X_test)
+            X_cat = torch.tensor(X_cat_np, dtype=torch.long)
+        else:
+            X_cat = torch.zeros((X_num.size(0), 0), dtype=torch.long)
+
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            X_num = X_num.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+            X_cat = X_cat.to(self.device, non_blocking=True)
+            y_pred = self.ft(X_num, X_cat).cpu().numpy()
+
+        y_pred = np.clip(y_pred, 1e-6, None)
+        return y_pred.ravel()
+
+    def set_params(self, params: dict):
+
+        # 和 sklearn 风格保持一致。
+        # 注意：对结构性参数（如 d_model/n_heads）修改后，需要重新 fit 才会生效。
+
+        for key, value in params.items():
+            if hasattr(self, key):
+                setattr(self, key, value)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Parameter {key} not found in model.")
+        return self
+
+
+# 定义贝叶斯优化模型类，包含XGBoost和ResNet模型
+
+class BayesOptModel:
+    def __init__(self, train_data, test_data,
+                 model_nme, resp_nme, weight_nme, factor_nmes,
+                 cate_list=[], prop_test=0.25, rand_seed=None, epochs=100):
+        # 初始化数据
+        # train_data: 训练数据, test_data: 测试数据 格式需为DataFrame
+        # model_nme: 模型名称
+        # resp_nme: 因变量名称, weight_nme: 权重名称
+        # factor_nmes: 因子名称列表, space_params: 参数空间
+        # cate_list: 类别变量列表
+        # prop_test: 测试集比例, rand_seed
+        self.train_data = train_data
+        self.test_data = test_data
+        self.resp_nme = resp_nme
+        self.weight_nme = weight_nme
+        self.train_data.loc[:, 'w_act'] = self.train_data[self.resp_nme] * \
+            self.train_data[self.weight_nme]
+        self.test_data.loc[:, 'w_act'] = self.test_data[self.resp_nme] * \
+            self.test_data[self.weight_nme]
+        self.factor_nmes = factor_nmes
+        self.cate_list = cate_list
+        self.rand_seed = rand_seed if rand_seed is not None else np.random.randint(
+            1, 10000)
+        if self.cate_list != []:
+            for cate in self.cate_list:
+                self.train_data[cate] = self.train_data[cate].astype(
+                    'category')
+                self.test_data[cate] = self.test_data[cate].astype('category')
+        self.prop_test = prop_test
+        self.cv = ShuffleSplit(n_splits=int(1/self.prop_test),
+                               test_size=self.prop_test,
+                               random_state=self.rand_seed)
+        self.model_nme = model_nme
+        if self.model_nme.find('f') != -1:
+            self.obj = 'count:poisson'
+        elif self.model_nme.find('s') != -1:
+            self.obj = 'reg:gamma'
+        elif self.model_nme.find('bc') != -1:
+            self.obj = 'reg:tweedie'
+        self.fit_params = {
+            'sample_weight': self.train_data[self.weight_nme].values
+        }
+        self.num_features = [
+            nme for nme in self.factor_nmes if nme not in self.cate_list]
+        self.train_oht_scl_data = self.train_data[self.factor_nmes +
+                                                  [self.weight_nme]+[self.resp_nme]].copy()
+        self.test_oht_scl_data = self.test_data[self.factor_nmes +
+                                                [self.weight_nme]+[self.resp_nme]].copy()
+        self.train_oht_scl_data = pd.get_dummies(
+            self.train_oht_scl_data,
+            columns=self.cate_list,
+            drop_first=True,
+            dtype=np.int8
+        )
+        self.test_oht_scl_data = pd.get_dummies(
+            self.test_oht_scl_data,
+            columns=self.cate_list,
+            drop_first=True,
+            dtype=np.int8
+        )
+        for num_chr in self.num_features:
+            scaler = StandardScaler()
+            self.train_oht_scl_data[num_chr] = scaler.fit_transform(
+                self.train_oht_scl_data[num_chr].values.reshape(-1, 1))
+            self.test_oht_scl_data[num_chr] = scaler.transform(
+                self.test_oht_scl_data[num_chr].values.reshape(-1, 1))
+        # 对测试集进行列对齐
+        self.test_oht_scl_data = self.test_oht_scl_data.reindex(
+            columns=self.train_oht_scl_data.columns,
+            fill_value=0
+        )
+        self.var_nmes = list(
+            set(list(self.train_oht_scl_data.columns)) -
+            set([self.weight_nme, self.resp_nme])
+        )
+        self.epochs = epochs
+        self.model_label = []
+
+    # 定义单因素画图函数
+    def plot_oneway(self, n_bins=10):
+        for c in self.factor_nmes:
+            fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 5))
+            if c in self.cate_list:
+                strs = c
+            else:
+                strs = c+'_bins'
+                self.train_data.loc[:, strs] = pd.qcut(
+                    self.train_data[c],
+                    n_bins,
+                    duplicates='drop'
+                )
+            plot_data = self.train_data.groupby(
+                [strs], observed=True).sum(numeric_only=True)
+            plot_data.reset_index(inplace=True)
+            plot_data['act_v'] = plot_data['w_act'] / \
+                plot_data[self.weight_nme]
+            plot_data.head()
+            ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+            ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['act_v'],
+                    label='Actual', color='red')
+            ax.set_title(
+                'Analysis of  %s : Train Data' % strs,
+                fontsize=8)
+            plt.xticks(plot_data.index,
+                       list(plot_data[strs].astype(str)),
+                       rotation=90)
+            if len(list(plot_data[strs].astype(str))) > 50:
+                plt.xticks(fontsize=3)
+            else:
+                plt.xticks(fontsize=6)
+            plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+            ax2 = ax.twinx()
+            ax2.bar(plot_data.index,
+                    plot_data[self.weight_nme],
+                    alpha=0.5, color='seagreen')
+            plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+            plt.margins(0.05)
+            plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.3)
+            save_path = os.path.join(
+                os.getcwd(), 'plot',
+                f'00_{self.model_nme}_{strs}_oneway.png')
+            plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=300)
+            plt.close(fig)
+
+    # Xgboost交叉验证函数
+    def cross_val_xgb(self, trial):
+        learning_rate = trial.suggest_float(
+            'learning_rate', 1e-5, 1e-1, log=True)
+        gamma = trial.suggest_float(
+            'gamma', 0, 10000)
+        max_depth = trial.suggest_int(
+            'max_depth', 3, 25)
+        n_estimators = trial.suggest_int(
+            'n_estimators', 10, 500, step=10)
+        min_child_weight = trial.suggest_int(
+            'min_child_weight', 100, 10000, step=100)
+        reg_alpha = trial.suggest_float(
+            'reg_alpha', 1e-10, 1, log=True)
+        reg_lambda = trial.suggest_float(
+            'reg_lambda', 1e-10, 1, log=True)
+        if self.obj == 'reg:tweedie':
+            tweedie_variance_power = trial.suggest_float(
+                'tweedie_variance_power', 1, 2)
+        elif self.obj == 'count:poisson':
+            tweedie_variance_power = 1
+        elif self.obj == 'reg:gamma':
+            tweedie_variance_power = 2
+        clf = xgb.XGBRegressor(
+            objective=self.obj,
+            random_state=self.rand_seed,
+            subsample=0.9,
+            tree_method='gpu_hist' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'hist',
+            gpu_id=0,
+            enable_categorical=True,
+            predictor='gpu_predictor' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu_predictor'
+        )
+        params = {
+            'learning_rate': learning_rate,
+            'gamma': gamma,
+            'max_depth': max_depth,
+            'n_estimators': n_estimators,
+            'min_child_weight': min_child_weight,
+            'reg_alpha': reg_alpha,
+            'reg_lambda': reg_lambda
+        }
+        if self.obj == 'reg:tweedie':
+            params['tweedie_variance_power'] = tweedie_variance_power
+        clf.set_params(**params)
+        acc = cross_val_score(
+            clf,
+            self.train_data[self.factor_nmes],
+            self.train_data[self.resp_nme].values,
+            fit_params=self.fit_params,
+            cv=self.cv,
+            scoring=make_scorer(
+                mean_tweedie_deviance,
+                power=tweedie_variance_power,
+                greater_is_better=False),
+            error_score='raise',
+            n_jobs=int(1/self.prop_test)).mean()
+        return -acc
+
+    # 定义Xgboost贝叶斯优化函数
+    def bayesopt_xgb(self, max_evals=100):
+        study = optuna.create_study(
+            direction='minimize',
+            sampler=optuna.samplers.TPESampler(seed=self.rand_seed))
+        study.optimize(self.cross_val_xgb, n_trials=max_evals)
+        self.best_xgb_params = study.best_params
+        pd.DataFrame(self.best_xgb_params, index=[0]).to_csv(
+            os.getcwd() + '/Results/' + self.model_nme + '_bestparams_xgb.csv')
+        self.best_xgb_trial = study.best_trial
+        self.xgb_best = xgb.XGBRegressor(
+            objective=self.obj,
+            random_state=self.rand_seed,
+            subsample=0.9,
+            tree_method='gpu_hist' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'hist',
+            gpu_id=0,
+            enable_categorical=True,
+            predictor='gpu_predictor' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu_predictor'
+        )
+        self.xgb_best.set_params(**self.best_xgb_params)
+        self.xgb_best.fit(self.train_data[self.factor_nmes],
+                          self.train_data[self.resp_nme].values,
+                          **self.fit_params)
+        self.model_label += ['Xgboost']
+        self.train_data['pred_xgb'] = self.xgb_best.predict(
+            self.train_data[self.factor_nmes])
+        self.test_data['pred_xgb'] = self.xgb_best.predict(
+            self.test_data[self.factor_nmes])
+        self.train_data.loc[:, 'w_pred_xgb'] = self.train_data['pred_xgb'] * \
+            self.train_data[self.weight_nme]
+        self.test_data.loc[:, 'w_pred_xgb'] = self.test_data['pred_xgb'] * \
+            self.test_data[self.weight_nme]
+
+    # ResNet交叉验证函数
+    def cross_val_resn(self, trial):
+
+        learning_rate = trial.suggest_float(
+            'learning_rate', 1e-6, 1e-2, log=True)  # 较低learning rate为了保证不会出险梯度爆炸
+        hidden_dim = trial.suggest_int(
+            'hidden_dim', 32, 256, step=32)
+        block_num = trial.suggest_int(
+            'block_num', 2, 10)
+        batch_num = trial.suggest_int(
+            'batch_num',
+            10 if self.obj == 'reg:gamma' else 100,
+            100 if self.obj == 'reg:gamma' else 1000,
+            step=10 if self.obj == 'reg:gamma' else 100)
+        if self.obj == 'reg:tweedie':
+            tw_power = trial.suggest_float(
+                'tw_power', 1, 2.0)
+        elif self.obj == 'count:poisson':
+            tw_power = 1
+        elif self.obj == 'reg:gamma':
+            tw_power = 2
+        loss = 0
+        for fold, (train_idx, test_idx) in enumerate(self.cv.split(self.train_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes])):
+            # 创建模型
+            cv_net = ResNetScikitLearn(
+                model_nme=self.model_nme,
+                input_dim=self.train_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes].shape[1],
+                epochs=self.epochs,
+                learning_rate=learning_rate,
+                hidden_dim=hidden_dim,
+                block_num=block_num,
+                # 保证权重方差不变
+                batch_num=batch_num,
+                tweedie_power=tw_power
+                # 再此可以调整normlayer，dropout，residual_scale等参数
+            )
+            # 训练模型
+            cv_net.fit(
+                self.train_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes].iloc[train_idx],
+                self.train_oht_scl_data[self.resp_nme].iloc[train_idx],
+                self.train_oht_scl_data[self.weight_nme].iloc[train_idx],
+                self.train_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes].iloc[test_idx],
+                self.train_oht_scl_data[self.resp_nme].iloc[test_idx],
+                self.train_oht_scl_data[self.weight_nme].iloc[test_idx]
+            )
+            # 预测
+            y_pred_fold = cv_net.predict(
+                self.train_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes].iloc[test_idx]
+            )
+            # 计算损失
+            loss += mean_tweedie_deviance(
+                self.train_oht_scl_data[self.resp_nme].iloc[test_idx],
+                y_pred_fold,
+                sample_weight=self.train_oht_scl_data[self.weight_nme].iloc[test_idx],
+                power=tw_power
+            )
+        return loss / int(1/self.prop_test)
+
+    # 定义ResNet贝叶斯优化函数
+    def bayesopt_resnet(self, max_evals=100):
+        study = optuna.create_study(
+            direction='minimize',
+            sampler=optuna.samplers.TPESampler(seed=self.rand_seed))
+        study.optimize(self.cross_val_resn, n_trials=max_evals)
+        self.best_resn_params = study.best_params
+        pd.DataFrame(self.best_resn_params, index=[0]).to_csv(
+            os.getcwd() + '/Results/' + self.model_nme + '_bestparams_resn.csv')
+        self.best_resn_trial = study.best_trial
+        self.resn_best = ResNetScikitLearn(
+            model_nme=self.model_nme,
+            input_dim=self.train_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes].shape[1]
+        )
+        self.resn_best.set_params(self.best_resn_params)
+        self.resn_best.fit(self.train_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes],
+                           self.train_oht_scl_data[self.resp_nme],
+                           self.train_oht_scl_data[self.weight_nme])
+        self.model_label += ['ResNet']
+        self.train_data['pred_resn'] = self.resn_best.predict(
+            self.train_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes])
+        self.test_data['pred_resn'] = self.resn_best.predict(
+            self.test_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes])
+        self.train_data.loc[:, 'w_pred_resn'] = self.train_data['pred_resn'] * \
+            self.train_data[self.weight_nme]
+        self.test_data.loc[:, 'w_pred_resn'] = self.test_data['pred_resn'] * \
+            self.test_data[self.weight_nme]
+
+    # FT-Transformer 交叉验证函数
+    def cross_val_ft(self, trial):
+
+        # 学习率
+        learning_rate = trial.suggest_float(
+            'learning_rate', 1e-5, 1e-2, log=True
+        )
+
+        # Transformer 维度与层数
+        d_model = trial.suggest_int(
+            'd_model', 32, 128, step=32
+        )
+        n_heads = trial.suggest_categorical(
+            'n_heads', [2, 4, 8]
+        )
+        n_layers = trial.suggest_int(
+            'n_layers', 2, 6
+        )
+
+        dropout = trial.suggest_float(
+            'dropout', 0.0, 0.3
+        )
+
+        batch_num = trial.suggest_int(
+            'batch_num',
+            10 if self.obj == 'reg:gamma' else 100,
+            100 if self.obj == 'reg:gamma' else 1000,
+            step=10 if self.obj == 'reg:gamma' else 100
+        )
+
+        # Tweedie power
+        if self.obj == 'reg:tweedie':
+            tw_power = trial.suggest_float('tw_power', 1.0, 2.0)
+        elif self.obj == 'count:poisson':
+            tw_power = 1.0
+        elif self.obj == 'reg:gamma':
+            tw_power = 2.0
+
+        loss = 0.0
+
+        # 这里注意：FT 使用的是“原始特征”（self.factor_nmes），
+        # 而不是 one-hot 之后的 self.train_oht_scl_data
+        for fold, (train_idx, test_idx) in enumerate(
+                self.cv.split(self.train_data[self.factor_nmes])):
+
+            X_train_fold = self.train_data.iloc[train_idx][self.factor_nmes]
+            y_train_fold = self.train_data.iloc[train_idx][self.resp_nme]
+            w_train_fold = self.train_data.iloc[train_idx][self.weight_nme]
+
+            X_val_fold = self.train_data.iloc[test_idx][self.factor_nmes]
+            y_val_fold = self.train_data.iloc[test_idx][self.resp_nme]
+            w_val_fold = self.train_data.iloc[test_idx][self.weight_nme]
+
+            # 创建 FT-Transformer 模型
+            cv_ft = FTTransformerSklearn(
+                model_nme=self.model_nme,
+                num_cols=self.num_features,   # 数值特征列表
+                cat_cols=self.cate_list,      # 类别特征列表（需是编码好的整数或category）
+                d_model=d_model,
+                n_heads=n_heads,
+                n_layers=n_layers,
+                dropout=dropout,
+                batch_num=batch_num,
+                epochs=self.epochs,
+                tweedie_power=tw_power,
+                learning_rate=learning_rate,
+                patience=5  # 可以根据需要调整
+            )
+
+            # 训练
+            cv_ft.fit(
+                X_train_fold,
+                y_train_fold,
+                w_train_fold,
+                X_val_fold,
+                y_val_fold,
+                w_val_fold
+            )
+
+            # 预测
+            y_pred_fold = cv_ft.predict(X_val_fold)
+
+            # 计算损失（与 ResNet 一致：mean_tweedie_deviance）
+            loss += mean_tweedie_deviance(
+                y_val_fold,
+                y_pred_fold,
+                sample_weight=w_val_fold,
+                power=tw_power
+            )
+
+        return loss / int(1 / self.prop_test)
+
+    # 定义 FT-Transformer 贝叶斯优化函数
+    def bayesopt_ft(self, max_evals=50):
+        study = optuna.create_study(
+            direction='minimize',
+            sampler=optuna.samplers.TPESampler(seed=self.rand_seed)
+        )
+        study.optimize(self.cross_val_ft, n_trials=max_evals)
+
+        self.best_ft_params = study.best_params
+        pd.DataFrame(self.best_ft_params, index=[0]).to_csv(
+            os.getcwd() + '/Results/' + self.model_nme + '_bestparams_ft.csv'
+        )
+        self.best_ft_trial = study.best_trial
+
+        # 用最优参数重新建一个 FT 模型，在全量训练集上拟合
+        self.ft_best = FTTransformerSklearn(
+            model_nme=self.model_nme,
+            num_cols=self.num_features,
+            cat_cols=self.cate_list
+        )
+        # 设置最优超参
+        self.ft_best.set_params(self.best_ft_params)
+
+        # 全量训练
+        self.ft_best.fit(
+            self.train_data[self.factor_nmes],
+            self.train_data[self.resp_nme],
+            self.train_data[self.weight_nme]
+        )
+
+        # 记录模型标签
+        self.model_label += ['FTTransformer']
+
+        # 训练集预测
+        self.train_data['pred_ft'] = self.ft_best.predict(
+            self.train_data[self.factor_nmes]
+        )
+        # 测试集预测
+        self.test_data['pred_ft'] = self.ft_best.predict(
+            self.test_data[self.factor_nmes]
+        )
+
+        # 加权预测（和 XGB / ResNet 风格一致）
+        self.train_data.loc[:, 'w_pred_ft'] = (
+            self.train_data['pred_ft'] * self.train_data[self.weight_nme]
+        )
+        self.test_data.loc[:, 'w_pred_ft'] = (
+            self.test_data['pred_ft'] * self.test_data[self.weight_nme]
+        )
+
+    # 定义分箱函数
+
+    def _split_data(self, data, col_nme, wgt_nme, n_bins=10):
+        data.sort_values(by=col_nme, ascending=True, inplace=True)
+        data['cum_weight'] = data[wgt_nme].cumsum()
+        w_sum = data[wgt_nme].sum()
+        data.loc[:, 'bins'] = np.floor(
+            data['cum_weight']*float(n_bins)/w_sum)
+        data.loc[(data['bins'] == n_bins), 'bins'] = n_bins-1
+        return data.groupby(['bins'], observed=True).sum(numeric_only=True)
+
+    # 定义Lift Chart绘制数据集函数
+    def _plot_data_lift(self,
+                        pred_list, w_pred_list,
+                        w_act_list, weight_list, n_bins=10):
+        lift_data = pd.DataFrame()
+        lift_data.loc[:, 'pred'] = pred_list
+        lift_data.loc[:, 'w_pred'] = w_pred_list
+        lift_data.loc[:, 'act'] = w_act_list
+        lift_data.loc[:, 'weight'] = weight_list
+        plot_data = self._split_data(
+            lift_data, 'pred', 'weight', n_bins)
+        plot_data['exp_v'] = plot_data['w_pred'] / plot_data['weight']
+        plot_data['act_v'] = plot_data['act'] / plot_data['weight']
+        plot_data.reset_index(inplace=True)
+        return plot_data
+
+    # 定义lift曲线绘制函数
+    def plot_lift(self, model_label, pred_nme, n_bins=10):
+        # 绘制建模集上结果
+        figpos_list = [121, 122]
+        plot_dict = {
+            121: self.train_data,
+            122: self.test_data
+        }
+        name_list = {
+            121: 'Train Data',
+            122: 'Test Data'
+        }
+        if model_label == 'Xgboost':
+            pred_nme = 'pred_xgb'
+        elif model_label == 'ResNet':
+            pred_nme = 'pred_resn'
+        elif model_label == 'FTTransformer':
+            pred_nme = 'pred_ft'
+
+        fig = plt.figure(figsize=(11, 5))
+        for figpos in figpos_list:
+            plot_data = self._plot_data_lift(
+                plot_dict[figpos][pred_nme].values,
+                plot_dict[figpos]['w_'+pred_nme].values,
+                plot_dict[figpos]['w_act'].values,
+                plot_dict[figpos][self.weight_nme].values,
+                n_bins)
+            ax = fig.add_subplot(figpos)
+            ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['act_v'],
+                    label='Actual', color='red')
+            ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['exp_v'],
+                    label='Predicted', color='blue')
+            ax.set_title(
+                'Lift Chart on %s' % name_list[figpos], fontsize=8)
+            plt.xticks(plot_data.index,
+                       plot_data.index,
+                       rotation=90, fontsize=6)
+            plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+            plt.legend(loc='upper left',
+                       fontsize=5, frameon=False)
+            plt.margins(0.05)
+            ax2 = ax.twinx()
+            ax2.bar(plot_data.index, plot_data['weight'],
+                    alpha=0.5, color='seagreen',
+                    label='Earned Exposure')
+            plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+            plt.legend(loc='upper right',
+                       fontsize=5, frameon=False)
+            plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.3)
+            save_path = os.path.join(
+                os.getcwd(), 'plot', f'01_{self.model_nme}_{model_label}_lift.png')
+            plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=300)
+        plt.show()
+        plt.close(fig)
+
+    # 定义Double Lift Chart绘制数据集函数
+    def _plot_data_dlift(self,
+                         pred_list_model1, pred_list_model2,
+                         w_list, w_act_list, n_bins=10):
+        lift_data = pd.DataFrame()
+        lift_data.loc[:, 'pred1'] = pred_list_model1
+        lift_data.loc[:, 'pred2'] = pred_list_model2
+        lift_data.loc[:, 'diff_ly'] = lift_data['pred1'] / lift_data['pred2']
+        lift_data.loc[:, 'act'] = w_act_list
+        lift_data.loc[:, 'weight'] = w_list
+        plot_data = self._split_data(lift_data, 'diff_ly', 'weight', n_bins)
+        plot_data['exp_v1'] = plot_data['pred1'] / plot_data['act']
+        plot_data['exp_v2'] = plot_data['pred2'] / plot_data['act']
+        plot_data['act_v'] = plot_data['act'] / plot_data['act']
+        plot_data.reset_index(inplace=True)
+        return plot_data
+
+    # 定义绘制Double Lift Chart函数
+    def plot_dlift(self, model_comp=['xgb', 'resn'], n_bins=10):
+        # 指标名称
+        # xgb = 'Xgboost'
+        # resn = 'ResNet'
+        # ft = 'FTTransformer'
+        figpos_list = [121, 122]
+        plot_dict = {
+            121: self.train_data,
+            122: self.test_data
+        }
+        name_list = {
+            121: 'Train Data',
+            122: 'Test Data'
+        }
+        fig = plt.figure(figsize=(11, 5))
+        for figpos in figpos_list:
+            plot_data = self._plot_data_dlift(
+                plot_dict[figpos]['w_pred_'+model_comp[0]].values,
+                plot_dict[figpos]['w_pred_'+model_comp[1]].values,
+                plot_dict[figpos][self.weight_nme].values,
+                plot_dict[figpos]['w_act'].values,
+                n_bins)
+            ax = fig.add_subplot(figpos)
+            tt1 = 'Xgboost'
+            tt2 = 'ResNet'
+            ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['act_v'],
+                    label='Actual', color='red')
+            ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['exp_v1'],
+                    label=tt1, color='blue')
+            ax.plot(plot_data.index, plot_data['exp_v2'],
+                    label=tt2, color='black')
+            ax.set_title(
+                'Double Lift Chart on %s' % name_list[figpos], fontsize=8)
+            plt.xticks(plot_data.index,
+                       plot_data.index,
+                       rotation=90, fontsize=6)
+            plt.xlabel('%s / %s' % (tt1, tt2), fontsize=6)
+            plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+            plt.legend(loc='upper left',
+                       fontsize=5, frameon=False)
+            plt.margins(0.1)
+            plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.25, top=0.95, right=0.8)
+            ax2 = ax.twinx()
+            ax2.bar(plot_data.index, plot_data['weight'],
+                    alpha=0.5, color='seagreen',
+                    label='Earned Exposure')
+            plt.yticks(fontsize=6)
+            plt.legend(loc='upper right',
+                       fontsize=5, frameon=False)
+            plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.3)
+            save_path = os.path.join(
+                os.getcwd(), 'plot', f'02_{self.model_nme}_dlift.png')
+            plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=300)
+        plt.show()
+        plt.close(fig)
+
+    # 保存模型
+
+    def save_model(self, model_name=None):
+
+        # model_name 可以是:
+        #   - None: 保存全部可用模型
+        #   - 'xgb': 只保存 Xgboost
+        #   - 'resn': 只保存 ResNet
+        #   - 'ft': 只保存 FT-Transformer
+
+        model_dir = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'model')
+        if not os.path.exists(model_dir):
+            os.makedirs(model_dir)
+
+        save_path_xgb = os.path.join(
+            model_dir, f'01_{self.model_nme}_Xgboost.pkl'
+        )
+        save_path_resn = os.path.join(
+            model_dir, f'01_{self.model_nme}_ResNet.pth'
+        )
+        save_path_ft = os.path.join(
+            model_dir, f'01_{self.model_nme}_FTTransformer.pth'
+        )
+
+        # 保存 XGBoost
+        if model_name in (None, 'xgb'):
+            if hasattr(self, 'xgb_best'):
+                joblib.dump(self.xgb_best, save_path_xgb)
+            else:
+                print("[save_model] Warning: xgb_best 不存在，未保存 Xgboost 模型。")
+
+        # 保存 ResNet（只保存核心网络的 state_dict）
+        if model_name in (None, 'resn'):
+            if hasattr(self, 'resn_best'):
+                torch.save(self.resn_best.resnet.state_dict(), save_path_resn)
+            else:
+                print("[save_model] Warning: resn_best 不存在，未保存 ResNet 模型。")
+
+        # 保存 FT-Transformer（直接保存整个 sklearn 风格 wrapper，方便恢复结构和参数）
+        if model_name in (None, 'ft'):
+            if hasattr(self, 'ft_best'):
+                # 这里直接保存整个对象，包含结构和参数、best 超参等
+                torch.save(self.ft_best, save_path_ft)
+            else:
+                print("[save_model] Warning: ft_best 不存在，未保存 FT-Transformer 模型。")
+
+    def load_model(self, model_name=None):
+        # model_name 可以是:
+        #   - None: 加载全部能找到的模型
+        #   - 'xgb': 只加载 Xgboost
+        #   - 'resn': 只加载 ResNet
+        #   - 'ft': 只加载 FT-Transformer
+
+        model_dir = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'model')
+        save_path_xgb = os.path.join(
+            model_dir, f'01_{self.model_nme}_Xgboost.pkl'
+        )
+        save_path_resn = os.path.join(
+            model_dir, f'01_{self.model_nme}_ResNet.pth'
+        )
+        save_path_ft = os.path.join(
+            model_dir, f'01_{self.model_nme}_FTTransformer.pth'
+        )
+
+        # 加载 XGBoost
+        if model_name in (None, 'xgb'):
+            if os.path.exists(save_path_xgb):
+                self.xgb_load = joblib.load(save_path_xgb)
+            else:
+                print(
+                    f"[load_model] Warning: 未找到 Xgboost 模型文件：{save_path_xgb}")
+
+        # 加载 ResNet（重新构建 wrapper，然后加载 state_dict）
+        if model_name in (None, 'resn'):
+            if os.path.exists(save_path_resn):
+                self.resn_load = ResNetScikitLearn(
+                    model_nme=self.model_nme,
+                    input_dim=self.train_oht_scl_data[self.var_nmes].shape[1]
+                )
+                state_dict = torch.load(
+                    save_path_resn, map_location=self.resn_load.device)
+                self.resn_load.resnet.load_state_dict(state_dict)
+            else:
+                print(
+                    f"[load_model] Warning: 未找到 ResNet 模型文件：{save_path_resn}")
+
+        # 加载 FT-Transformer（直接反序列化 sklearn 风格 wrapper）
+        if model_name in (None, 'ft'):
+            if os.path.exists(save_path_ft):
+                # 统一用 CPU 先加载，再按当前环境迁移
+                ft_loaded = torch.load(save_path_ft, map_location='cpu')
+                # 根据当前环境设置 device，并把内部 core 模型迁到对应 device
+                if torch.cuda.is_available():
+                    ft_loaded.device = torch.device('cuda')
+                elif torch.backends.mps.is_available():
+                    ft_loaded.device = torch.device('mps')
+                else:
+                    ft_loaded.device = torch.device('cpu')
+                ft_loaded.ft.to(ft_loaded.device)
+
+                self.ft_load = ft_loaded
+            else:
+                print(
+                    f"[load_model] Warning: 未找到 FT-Transformer 模型文件：{save_path_ft}")