esphome 2025.9.3__py3-none-any.whl → 2025.10.0b1__py3-none-any.whl

esphome/config_validation.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from ipaddress import (
     ip_network,
 )
 import logging
-import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import re
 from string import ascii_letters, digits
 import uuid as uuid_
@@ -1609,34 +1609,32 @@ def dimensions(value):
     return dimensions([match.group(1), match.group(2)])
 
 
-def directory(value):
+def directory(value: object) -> Path:
     value = string(value)
     path = CORE.relative_config_path(value)
 
-    if not os.path.exists(path):
+    if not path.exists():
         raise Invalid(
-            f"Could not find directory '{path}'. Please make sure it exists (full path: {os.path.abspath(path)})."
+            f"Could not find directory '{path}'. Please make sure it exists (full path: {path.resolve()})."
         )
-    if not os.path.isdir(path):
+    if not path.is_dir():
         raise Invalid(
-            f"Path '{path}' is not a directory (full path: {os.path.abspath(path)})."
+            f"Path '{path}' is not a directory (full path: {path.resolve()})."
         )
-    return value
+    return path
 
 
-def file_(value):
+def file_(value: object) -> Path:
     value = string(value)
     path = CORE.relative_config_path(value)
 
-    if not os.path.exists(path):
-        raise Invalid(
-            f"Could not find file '{path}'. Please make sure it exists (full path: {os.path.abspath(path)})."
-        )
-    if not os.path.isfile(path):
+    if not path.exists():
         raise Invalid(
-            f"Path '{path}' is not a file (full path: {os.path.abspath(path)})."
+            f"Could not find file '{path}'. Please make sure it exists (full path: {path.resolve()})."
         )
-    return value
+    if not path.is_file():
+        raise Invalid(f"Path '{path}' is not a file (full path: {path.resolve()}).")
+    return path
 
 
 ENTITY_ID_CHARACTERS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_"

esphome/const.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2025.9.3"
+__version__ = "2025.10.0b1"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ CONF_CALIBRATE_LINEAR = "calibrate_linear"
 CONF_CALIBRATION = "calibration"
 CONF_CAPACITANCE = "capacitance"
 CONF_CAPACITY = "capacity"
+CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE = "capture_response"
 CONF_CARBON_MONOXIDE = "carbon_monoxide"
 CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT = "carrier_duty_percent"
 CONF_CARRIER_FREQUENCY = "carrier_frequency"
@@ -186,6 +187,7 @@ CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID = "characteristic_uuid"
 CONF_CHECK = "check"
 CONF_CHIPSET = "chipset"
 CONF_CLEAN_SESSION = "clean_session"
+CONF_CLEAR = "clear"
 CONF_CLEAR_IMPEDANCE = "clear_impedance"
 CONF_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE = "client_certificate"
 CONF_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_KEY = "client_certificate_key"
@@ -541,6 +543,7 @@ CONF_MANUAL_IP = "manual_ip"
 CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID = "manufacturer_id"
 CONF_MASK_DISTURBER = "mask_disturber"
 CONF_MAX_BRIGHTNESS = "max_brightness"
+CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS = "max_connections"
 CONF_MAX_COOLING_RUN_TIME = "max_cooling_run_time"
 CONF_MAX_CURRENT = "max_current"
 CONF_MAX_DURATION = "max_duration"
@@ -670,9 +673,11 @@ CONF_ON_PRESET_SET = "on_preset_set"
 CONF_ON_PRESS = "on_press"
 CONF_ON_RAW_VALUE = "on_raw_value"
 CONF_ON_RELEASE = "on_release"
+CONF_ON_RESPONSE = "on_response"
 CONF_ON_SHUTDOWN = "on_shutdown"
 CONF_ON_SPEED_SET = "on_speed_set"
 CONF_ON_STATE = "on_state"
+CONF_ON_SUCCESS = "on_success"
 CONF_ON_TAG = "on_tag"
 CONF_ON_TAG_REMOVED = "on_tag_removed"
 CONF_ON_TIME = "on_time"
@@ -815,6 +820,7 @@ CONF_RESET_DURATION = "reset_duration"
 CONF_RESET_PIN = "reset_pin"
 CONF_RESIZE = "resize"
 CONF_RESOLUTION = "resolution"
+CONF_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE = "response_template"
 CONF_RESTART = "restart"
 CONF_RESTORE = "restore"
 CONF_RESTORE_MODE = "restore_mode"
@@ -1167,7 +1173,7 @@ UNIT_KILOMETER = "km"
 UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR = "km/h"
 UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS = "kVA"
 UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_HOURS = "kVAh"
-UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE = "kVAR"
+UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE = "kvar"
 UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE_HOURS = "kvarh"
 UNIT_KILOWATT = "kW"
 UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS = "kWh"
@@ -1268,6 +1274,7 @@ DEVICE_CLASS_PLUG = "plug"
 DEVICE_CLASS_PM1 = "pm1"
 DEVICE_CLASS_PM10 = "pm10"
 DEVICE_CLASS_PM25 = "pm25"
+DEVICE_CLASS_PM4 = "pm4"
 DEVICE_CLASS_POWER = "power"
 DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR = "power_factor"
 DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION = "precipitation"

esphome/core/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from contextlib import contextmanager
 import logging
 import math
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import re
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@ from esphome.helpers import ensure_unique_string, get_str_env, is_ha_addon
 from esphome.util import OrderedDict
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from esphome.address_cache import AddressCache
+
     from ..cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, Statement
     from ..types import ConfigType, EntityMetadata
 
@@ -381,7 +384,7 @@ class DocumentLocation:
 
     @classmethod
     def from_mark(cls, mark):
-        return cls(mark.name, mark.line, mark.column)
+        return cls(str(mark.name), mark.line, mark.column)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return f"{self.document} {self.line}:{self.column}"
@@ -536,9 +539,9 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         # The first key to this dict should always be the integration name
         self.data = {}
         # The relative path to the configuration YAML
-        self.config_path: str | None = None
+        self.config_path: Path | None = None
         # The relative path to where all build files are stored
-        self.build_path: str | None = None
+        self.build_path: Path | None = None
         # The validated configuration, this is None until the config has been validated
         self.config: ConfigType | None = None
         # The pending tasks in the task queue (mostly for C++ generation)
@@ -583,6 +586,8 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.id_classes = {}
         # The current component being processed during validation
         self.current_component: str | None = None
+        # Address cache for DNS and mDNS lookups from command line arguments
+        self.address_cache: AddressCache | None = None
 
     def reset(self):
         from esphome.pins import PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY
@@ -610,6 +615,7 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.platform_counts = defaultdict(int)
         self.unique_ids = {}
         self.current_component = None
+        self.address_cache = None
         PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.reset()
 
     @contextmanager
@@ -659,43 +665,46 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         return None
 
     @property
-    def config_dir(self):
-        return os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(self.config_path))
+    def config_dir(self) -> Path:
+        if self.config_path.is_dir():
+            return self.config_path.absolute()
+        return self.config_path.absolute().parent
 
     @property
-    def data_dir(self):
+    def data_dir(self) -> Path:
         if is_ha_addon():
-            return os.path.join("/data")
+            return Path("/data")
         if "ESPHOME_DATA_DIR" in os.environ:
-            return get_str_env("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", None)
+            return Path(get_str_env("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", None))
         return self.relative_config_path(".esphome")
 
     @property
-    def config_filename(self):
-        return os.path.basename(self.config_path)
+    def config_filename(self) -> str:
+        return self.config_path.name
 
-    def relative_config_path(self, *path):
-        path_ = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(*path))
-        return os.path.join(self.config_dir, path_)
+    def relative_config_path(self, *path: str | Path) -> Path:
+        path_ = Path(*path).expanduser()
+        return self.config_dir / path_
 
-    def relative_internal_path(self, *path: str) -> str:
-        return os.path.join(self.data_dir, *path)
+    def relative_internal_path(self, *path: str | Path) -> Path:
+        path_ = Path(*path).expanduser()
+        return self.data_dir / path_
 
-    def relative_build_path(self, *path):
-        path_ = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(*path))
-        return os.path.join(self.build_path, path_)
+    def relative_build_path(self, *path: str | Path) -> Path:
+        path_ = Path(*path).expanduser()
+        return self.build_path / path_
 
-    def relative_src_path(self, *path):
+    def relative_src_path(self, *path: str | Path) -> Path:
         return self.relative_build_path("src", *path)
 
-    def relative_pioenvs_path(self, *path):
+    def relative_pioenvs_path(self, *path: str | Path) -> Path:
         return self.relative_build_path(".pioenvs", *path)
 
-    def relative_piolibdeps_path(self, *path):
+    def relative_piolibdeps_path(self, *path: str | Path) -> Path:
         return self.relative_build_path(".piolibdeps", *path)
 
     @property
-    def firmware_bin(self):
+    def firmware_bin(self) -> Path:
         if self.is_libretiny:
             return self.relative_pioenvs_path(self.name, "firmware.uf2")
         return self.relative_pioenvs_path(self.name, "firmware.bin")

esphome/core/component.cpp

@@ -33,12 +33,22 @@ static const char *const TAG = "component";
 // Using namespace-scope static to avoid guard variables (saves 16 bytes total)
 // This is safe because ESPHome is single-threaded during initialization
 namespace {
+struct ComponentErrorMessage {
+  const Component *component;
+  const char *message;
+};
+
+struct ComponentPriorityOverride {
+  const Component *component;
+  float priority;
+};
+
 // Error messages for failed components
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
-std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::pair<const Component *, const char *>>> component_error_messages;
+std::unique_ptr<std::vector<ComponentErrorMessage>> component_error_messages;
 // Setup priority overrides - freed after setup completes
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
-std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::pair<const Component *, float>>> setup_priority_overrides;
+std::unique_ptr<std::vector<ComponentPriorityOverride>> setup_priority_overrides;
 }  // namespace
 
 namespace setup_priority {
@@ -134,9 +144,9 @@ void Component::call_dump_config() {
     // Look up error message from global vector
     const char *error_msg = nullptr;
     if (component_error_messages) {
-      for (const auto &pair : *component_error_messages) {
-        if (pair.first == this) {
-          error_msg = pair.second;
+      for (const auto &entry : *component_error_messages) {
+        if (entry.component == this) {
+          error_msg = entry.message;
           break;
         }
       }
@@ -306,17 +316,17 @@ void Component::status_set_error(const char *message) {
   if (message != nullptr) {
     // Lazy allocate the error messages vector if needed
     if (!component_error_messages) {
-      component_error_messages = std::make_unique<std::vector<std::pair<const Component *, const char *>>>();
+      component_error_messages = std::make_unique<std::vector<ComponentErrorMessage>>();
     }
     // Check if this component already has an error message
-    for (auto &pair : *component_error_messages) {
-      if (pair.first == this) {
-        pair.second = message;
+    for (auto &entry : *component_error_messages) {
+      if (entry.component == this) {
+        entry.message = message;
         return;
       }
     }
     // Add new error message
-    component_error_messages->emplace_back(this, message);
+    component_error_messages->emplace_back(ComponentErrorMessage{this, message});
   }
 }
 void Component::status_clear_warning() {
@@ -356,9 +366,9 @@ float Component::get_actual_setup_priority() const {
   // Check if there's an override in the global vector
   if (setup_priority_overrides) {
     // Linear search is fine for small n (typically < 5 overrides)
-    for (const auto &pair : *setup_priority_overrides) {
-      if (pair.first == this) {
-        return pair.second;
+    for (const auto &entry : *setup_priority_overrides) {
+      if (entry.component == this) {
+        return entry.priority;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -367,21 +377,21 @@ float Component::get_actual_setup_priority() const {
 void Component::set_setup_priority(float priority) {
   // Lazy allocate the vector if needed
   if (!setup_priority_overrides) {
-    setup_priority_overrides = std::make_unique<std::vector<std::pair<const Component *, float>>>();
+    setup_priority_overrides = std::make_unique<std::vector<ComponentPriorityOverride>>();
     // Reserve some space to avoid reallocations (most configs have < 10 overrides)
     setup_priority_overrides->reserve(10);
   }
 
   // Check if this component already has an override
-  for (auto &pair : *setup_priority_overrides) {
-    if (pair.first == this) {
-      pair.second = priority;
+  for (auto &entry : *setup_priority_overrides) {
+    if (entry.component == this) {
+      entry.priority = priority;
       return;
     }
   }
 
   // Add new override
-  setup_priority_overrides->emplace_back(this, priority);
+  setup_priority_overrides->emplace_back(ComponentPriorityOverride{this, priority});
 }
 
 bool Component::has_overridden_loop() const {

esphome/core/component_iterator.h

@@ -168,8 +168,9 @@ class ComponentIterator {
     UPDATE,
 #endif
     MAX,
-  } state_{IteratorState::NONE};
+  };
   uint16_t at_{0};  // Supports up to 65,535 entities per type
+  IteratorState state_{IteratorState::NONE};
   bool include_internal_{false};
 
   template<typename Container>

esphome/core/config.py

@@ -136,21 +136,21 @@ def validate_ids_and_references(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def valid_include(value):
+def valid_include(value: str) -> str:
     # Look for "<...>" includes
     if value.startswith("<") and value.endswith(">"):
         return value
     try:
-        return cv.directory(value)
+        return str(cv.directory(value))
     except cv.Invalid:
         pass
-    value = cv.file_(value)
-    _, ext = os.path.splitext(value)
+    path = cv.file_(value)
+    ext = path.suffix
     if ext not in VALID_INCLUDE_EXTS:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"Include has invalid file extension {ext} - valid extensions are {', '.join(VALID_INCLUDE_EXTS)}"
         )
-    return value
+    return str(path)
 
 
 def valid_project_name(value: str):
@@ -311,9 +311,9 @@ def preload_core_config(config, result) -> str:
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {}
 
     if CONF_BUILD_PATH not in conf:
-        build_path = get_str_env("ESPHOME_BUILD_PATH", "build")
-        conf[CONF_BUILD_PATH] = os.path.join(build_path, CORE.name)
-    CORE.build_path = CORE.relative_internal_path(conf[CONF_BUILD_PATH])
+        build_path = Path(get_str_env("ESPHOME_BUILD_PATH", "build"))
+        conf[CONF_BUILD_PATH] = str(build_path / CORE.name)
+    CORE.build_path = CORE.data_dir / conf[CONF_BUILD_PATH]
 
     target_platforms = []
 
@@ -339,12 +339,12 @@ def preload_core_config(config, result) -> str:
     return target_platforms[0]
 
 
-def include_file(path, basename):
-    parts = basename.split(os.path.sep)
+def include_file(path: Path, basename: Path):
+    parts = basename.parts
     dst = CORE.relative_src_path(*parts)
     copy_file_if_changed(path, dst)
 
-    _, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
+    ext = path.suffix
     if ext in [".h", ".hpp", ".tcc"]:
         # Header, add include statement
         cg.add_global(cg.RawStatement(f'#include "{basename}"'))
@@ -377,18 +377,18 @@ async def add_arduino_global_workaround():
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def add_includes(includes):
+async def add_includes(includes: list[str]) -> None:
     # Add includes at the very end, so that the included files can access global variables
     for include in includes:
         path = CORE.relative_config_path(include)
-        if os.path.isdir(path):
+        if path.is_dir():
             # Directory, copy tree
             for p in walk_files(path):
-                basename = os.path.relpath(p, os.path.dirname(path))
+                basename = p.relative_to(path.parent)
                 include_file(p, basename)
         else:
             # Copy file
-            basename = os.path.basename(path)
+            basename = Path(path.name)
             include_file(path, basename)
 
 

esphome/core/defines.h

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #define USE_LIGHT
 #define USE_LOCK
 #define USE_LOGGER
+#define USE_LOGGER_RUNTIME_TAG_LEVELS
 #define USE_LVGL
 #define USE_LVGL_ANIMIMG
 #define USE_LVGL_ARC
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@
 #define USE_LVGL_TILEVIEW
 #define USE_LVGL_TOUCHSCREEN
 #define USE_MDNS
+#define MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT 3
 #define USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
 #define USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD
 #define USE_NUMBER
@@ -100,6 +102,7 @@
 #define USE_UART_DEBUGGER
 #define USE_UPDATE
 #define USE_VALVE
+#define USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
 
 // Feature flags which do not work for zephyr
 #ifndef USE_ZEPHYR
@@ -109,19 +112,26 @@
 #define USE_API
 #define USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER
 #define USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
+#define USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
+#define USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #define USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 #define USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 #define USE_API_NOISE
 #define USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 #define USE_API_SERVICES
+#define API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE 8
 #define USE_MD5
+#define USE_SHA256
 #define USE_MQTT
 #define USE_NETWORK
 #define USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
 #define USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
 #define USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
 #define USE_OTA
+#define USE_OTA_MD5
 #define USE_OTA_PASSWORD
+#define USE_OTA_SHA256
+#define ALLOW_OTA_DOWNGRADE_MD5
 #define USE_OTA_STATE_CALLBACK
 #define USE_OTA_VERSION 2
 #define USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
@@ -151,11 +161,20 @@
 #define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE 16
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS 3
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_CLIENT
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_SET_VALUE_ACTION
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_DESCRIPTOR_SET_VALUE_ACTION
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_NOTIFY_ACTION
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_CHARACTERISTIC_ON_WRITE
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_DESCRIPTOR_ON_WRITE
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_ON_CONNECT
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_ON_DISCONNECT
+#define USE_ESP32_CAMERA_JPEG_ENCODER
 #define USE_I2C
 #define USE_IMPROV
 #define USE_MICROPHONE

esphome/core/hash_base.h

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+/// Base class for hash algorithms
+class HashBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~HashBase() = default;
+
+  /// Initialize a new hash computation
+  virtual void init() = 0;
+
+  /// Add bytes of data for the hash
+  virtual void add(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) = 0;
+  void add(const char *data, size_t len) { this->add((const uint8_t *) data, len); }
+
+  /// Compute the hash based on provided data
+  virtual void calculate() = 0;
+
+  /// Retrieve the hash as bytes
+  void get_bytes(uint8_t *output) { memcpy(output, this->digest_, this->get_size()); }
+
+  /// Retrieve the hash as hex characters
+  void get_hex(char *output) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < this->get_size(); i++) {
+      uint8_t byte = this->digest_[i];
+      output[i * 2] = format_hex_char(byte >> 4);
+      output[i * 2 + 1] = format_hex_char(byte & 0x0F);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Compare the hash against a provided byte-encoded hash
+  bool equals_bytes(const uint8_t *expected) { return memcmp(this->digest_, expected, this->get_size()) == 0; }
+
+  /// Compare the hash against a provided hex-encoded hash
+  bool equals_hex(const char *expected) {
+    uint8_t parsed[32];  // Fixed size for max hash (SHA256 = 32 bytes)
+    if (!parse_hex(expected, parsed, this->get_size())) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return this->equals_bytes(parsed);
+  }
+
+  /// Get the size of the hash in bytes (16 for MD5, 32 for SHA256)
+  virtual size_t get_size() const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  uint8_t digest_[32];  // Storage sized for max(MD5=16, SHA256=32) bytes
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/core/helpers.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 #include <strings.h>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -348,17 +349,34 @@ ParseOnOffState parse_on_off(const char *str, const char *on, const char *off) {
   return PARSE_NONE;
 }
 
-std::string value_accuracy_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals) {
+static inline void normalize_accuracy_decimals(float &value, int8_t &accuracy_decimals) {
   if (accuracy_decimals < 0) {
     auto multiplier = powf(10.0f, accuracy_decimals);
     value = roundf(value * multiplier) / multiplier;
     accuracy_decimals = 0;
   }
+}
+
+std::string value_accuracy_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals) {
+  normalize_accuracy_decimals(value, accuracy_decimals);
   char tmp[32];  // should be enough, but we should maybe improve this at some point.
   snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%.*f", accuracy_decimals, value);
   return std::string(tmp);
 }
 
+std::string value_accuracy_with_uom_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals, StringRef unit_of_measurement) {
+  normalize_accuracy_decimals(value, accuracy_decimals);
+  // Buffer sized for float (up to ~15 chars) + space + typical UOM (usually <20 chars like "μS/cm")
+  // snprintf truncates safely if exceeded, though ESPHome UOMs are typically short
+  char tmp[64];
+  if (unit_of_measurement.empty()) {
+    snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%.*f", accuracy_decimals, value);
+  } else {
+    snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%.*f %s", accuracy_decimals, value, unit_of_measurement.c_str());
+  }
+  return std::string(tmp);
+}
+
 int8_t step_to_accuracy_decimals(float step) {
   // use printf %g to find number of digits based on temperature step
   char buf[32];
@@ -613,8 +631,6 @@ bool mac_address_is_valid(const uint8_t *mac) {
     if (mac[i] != 0) {
       is_all_zeros = false;
     }
-  }
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
     if (mac[i] != 0xFF) {
       is_all_ones = false;
     }

esphome/core/helpers.h

@@ -45,6 +45,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
+// Forward declaration to avoid circular dependency with string_ref.h
+class StringRef;
+
 /// @name STL backports
 ///@{
 
@@ -82,6 +85,16 @@ template<typename T> constexpr T byteswap(T n) {
   return m;
 }
 template<> constexpr uint8_t byteswap(uint8_t n) { return n; }
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+// LibreTiny's Beken framework redefines __builtin_bswap functions as non-constexpr
+template<> inline uint16_t byteswap(uint16_t n) { return __builtin_bswap16(n); }
+template<> inline uint32_t byteswap(uint32_t n) { return __builtin_bswap32(n); }
+template<> inline uint64_t byteswap(uint64_t n) { return __builtin_bswap64(n); }
+template<> inline int8_t byteswap(int8_t n) { return n; }
+template<> inline int16_t byteswap(int16_t n) { return __builtin_bswap16(n); }
+template<> inline int32_t byteswap(int32_t n) { return __builtin_bswap32(n); }
+template<> inline int64_t byteswap(int64_t n) { return __builtin_bswap64(n); }
+#else
 template<> constexpr uint16_t byteswap(uint16_t n) { return __builtin_bswap16(n); }
 template<> constexpr uint32_t byteswap(uint32_t n) { return __builtin_bswap32(n); }
 template<> constexpr uint64_t byteswap(uint64_t n) { return __builtin_bswap64(n); }
@@ -89,6 +102,7 @@ template<> constexpr int8_t byteswap(int8_t n) { return n; }
 template<> constexpr int16_t byteswap(int16_t n) { return __builtin_bswap16(n); }
 template<> constexpr int32_t byteswap(int32_t n) { return __builtin_bswap32(n); }
 template<> constexpr int64_t byteswap(int64_t n) { return __builtin_bswap64(n); }
+#endif
 
 ///@}
 
@@ -116,6 +130,16 @@ template<typename T, size_t N> class StaticVector {
     }
   }
 
+  // Return reference to next element and increment count (with bounds checking)
+  T &emplace_next() {
+    if (count_ >= N) {
+      // Should never happen with proper size calculation
+      // Return reference to last element to avoid crash
+      return data_[N - 1];
+    }
+    return data_[count_++];
+  }
+
   size_t size() const { return count_; }
   bool empty() const { return count_ == 0; }
 
@@ -589,6 +613,8 @@ ParseOnOffState parse_on_off(const char *str, const char *on = nullptr, const ch
 
 /// Create a string from a value and an accuracy in decimals.
 std::string value_accuracy_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals);
+/// Create a string from a value, an accuracy in decimals, and a unit of measurement.
+std::string value_accuracy_with_uom_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals, StringRef unit_of_measurement);
 
 /// Derive accuracy in decimals from an increment step.
 int8_t step_to_accuracy_decimals(float step);