dgenerate-ultralytics-headless 8.3.253__py3-none-any.whl

ultralytics/nn/modules/utils.py

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+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+import copy
+import math
+
+import numpy as np
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+from torch.nn.init import uniform_
+
+__all__ = "inverse_sigmoid", "multi_scale_deformable_attn_pytorch"
+
+
+def _get_clones(module, n):
+    """Create a list of cloned modules from the given module.
+
+    Args:
+        module (nn.Module): The module to be cloned.
+        n (int): Number of clones to create.
+
+    Returns:
+        (nn.ModuleList): A ModuleList containing n clones of the input module.
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> import torch.nn as nn
+        >>> layer = nn.Linear(10, 10)
+        >>> clones = _get_clones(layer, 3)
+        >>> len(clones)
+        3
+    """
+    return nn.ModuleList([copy.deepcopy(module) for _ in range(n)])
+
+
+def bias_init_with_prob(prior_prob=0.01):
+    """Initialize conv/fc bias value according to a given probability value.
+
+    This function calculates the bias initialization value based on a prior probability using the inverse error
+    function. It's commonly used in object detection models to initialize classification layers with a specific positive
+    prediction probability.
+
+    Args:
+        prior_prob (float, optional): Prior probability for bias initialization.
+
+    Returns:
+        (float): Bias initialization value calculated from the prior probability.
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> bias = bias_init_with_prob(0.01)
+        >>> print(f"Bias initialization value: {bias:.4f}")
+        Bias initialization value: -4.5951
+    """
+    return float(-np.log((1 - prior_prob) / prior_prob))  # return bias_init
+
+
+def linear_init(module):
+    """Initialize the weights and biases of a linear module.
+
+    This function initializes the weights of a linear module using a uniform distribution within bounds calculated from
+    the input dimension. If the module has a bias, it is also initialized.
+
+    Args:
+        module (nn.Module): Linear module to initialize.
+
+    Returns:
+        (nn.Module): The initialized module.
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> import torch.nn as nn
+        >>> linear = nn.Linear(10, 5)
+        >>> initialized_linear = linear_init(linear)
+    """
+    bound = 1 / math.sqrt(module.weight.shape[0])
+    uniform_(module.weight, -bound, bound)
+    if hasattr(module, "bias") and module.bias is not None:
+        uniform_(module.bias, -bound, bound)
+
+
+def inverse_sigmoid(x, eps=1e-5):
+    """Calculate the inverse sigmoid function for a tensor.
+
+    This function applies the inverse of the sigmoid function to a tensor, which is useful in various neural network
+    operations, particularly in attention mechanisms and coordinate transformations.
+
+    Args:
+        x (torch.Tensor): Input tensor with values in range [0, 1].
+        eps (float, optional): Small epsilon value to prevent numerical instability.
+
+    Returns:
+        (torch.Tensor): Tensor after applying the inverse sigmoid function.
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> x = torch.tensor([0.2, 0.5, 0.8])
+        >>> inverse_sigmoid(x)
+        tensor([-1.3863,  0.0000,  1.3863])
+    """
+    x = x.clamp(min=0, max=1)
+    x1 = x.clamp(min=eps)
+    x2 = (1 - x).clamp(min=eps)
+    return torch.log(x1 / x2)
+
+
+def multi_scale_deformable_attn_pytorch(
+    value: torch.Tensor,
+    value_spatial_shapes: torch.Tensor,
+    sampling_locations: torch.Tensor,
+    attention_weights: torch.Tensor,
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """Implement multi-scale deformable attention in PyTorch.
+
+    This function performs deformable attention across multiple feature map scales, allowing the model to attend to
+    different spatial locations with learned offsets.
+
+    Args:
+        value (torch.Tensor): The value tensor with shape (bs, num_keys, num_heads, embed_dims).
+        value_spatial_shapes (torch.Tensor): Spatial shapes of the value tensor with shape (num_levels, 2).
+        sampling_locations (torch.Tensor): The sampling locations with shape (bs, num_queries, num_heads, num_levels,
+            num_points, 2).
+        attention_weights (torch.Tensor): The attention weights with shape (bs, num_queries, num_heads, num_levels,
+            num_points).
+
+    Returns:
+        (torch.Tensor): The output tensor with shape (bs, num_queries, embed_dims).
+
+    References:
+        https://github.com/IDEA-Research/detrex/blob/main/detrex/layers/multi_scale_deform_attn.py
+    """
+    bs, _, num_heads, embed_dims = value.shape
+    _, num_queries, num_heads, num_levels, num_points, _ = sampling_locations.shape
+    value_list = value.split([H_ * W_ for H_, W_ in value_spatial_shapes], dim=1)
+    sampling_grids = 2 * sampling_locations - 1
+    sampling_value_list = []
+    for level, (H_, W_) in enumerate(value_spatial_shapes):
+        # bs, H_*W_, num_heads, embed_dims ->
+        # bs, H_*W_, num_heads*embed_dims ->
+        # bs, num_heads*embed_dims, H_*W_ ->
+        # bs*num_heads, embed_dims, H_, W_
+        value_l_ = value_list[level].flatten(2).transpose(1, 2).reshape(bs * num_heads, embed_dims, H_, W_)
+        # bs, num_queries, num_heads, num_points, 2 ->
+        # bs, num_heads, num_queries, num_points, 2 ->
+        # bs*num_heads, num_queries, num_points, 2
+        sampling_grid_l_ = sampling_grids[:, :, :, level].transpose(1, 2).flatten(0, 1)
+        # bs*num_heads, embed_dims, num_queries, num_points
+        sampling_value_l_ = F.grid_sample(
+            value_l_, sampling_grid_l_, mode="bilinear", padding_mode="zeros", align_corners=False
+        )
+        sampling_value_list.append(sampling_value_l_)
+    # (bs, num_queries, num_heads, num_levels, num_points) ->
+    # (bs, num_heads, num_queries, num_levels, num_points) ->
+    # (bs*num_heads, 1, num_queries, num_levels*num_points)
+    attention_weights = attention_weights.transpose(1, 2).reshape(
+        bs * num_heads, 1, num_queries, num_levels * num_points
+    )
+    output = (
+        (torch.stack(sampling_value_list, dim=-2).flatten(-2) * attention_weights)
+        .sum(-1)
+        .view(bs, num_heads * embed_dims, num_queries)
+    )
+    return output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()