biotite 1.5.0__cp314-cp314-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl

biotite/sequence/graphics/alignment.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1101 @@
+# This source code is part of the Biotite package and is distributed
+# under the 3-Clause BSD License. Please see 'LICENSE.rst' for further
+# information.
+
+__name__ = "biotite.sequence.graphics"
+__author__ = "Patrick Kunzmann"
+__all__ = [
+    "SymbolPlotter",
+    "LetterPlotter",
+    "LetterSimilarityPlotter",
+    "LetterTypePlotter",
+    "ArrayPlotter",
+    "plot_alignment",
+    "plot_alignment_similarity_based",
+    "plot_alignment_type_based",
+    "plot_alignment_array",
+]
+
+import abc
+import numpy as np
+from biotite.sequence.graphics.colorschemes import get_color_scheme
+from biotite.visualize import colors
+
+
+class SymbolPlotter(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Subclasses of this abstract base class define how symbols in
+    an alignment are drawn onto an :class:`Axes` object.
+
+    Subclasses must override the :func:`plot_symbol()` method.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    axes : Axes
+        A *Matplotlib* axes, that is used as plotting area.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, axes):
+        self._axes = axes
+
+    @property
+    def axes(self):
+        return self._axes
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def plot_symbol(self, bbox, alignment, column_i, seq_i):
+        """
+        Get the color of a symbol at a specified position in the
+        alignment.
+
+        The symbol is specified as position in the alignment's trace
+        (``trace[pos_i, seq_i]``).
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bbox : Bbox
+            The axes area to plot the symbol in.
+        alignment : Alignment
+            The respective alignment.
+        column_i : int
+            The position index in the trace.
+        seq_i : int
+            The sequence index in the trace.
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+class LetterPlotter(SymbolPlotter, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    """
+    This abstract :class:`SymbolPlotter` is the most widely used one.
+    Symbols are visualized as character on a colored background box or
+    as colored character, if `color_symbols` is set to true.
+
+    Subclasses must override the :class:`get_color()` method.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    axes : Axes
+        A *Matplotlib* axes, that is used as plotting area.
+    color_symbols : bool, optional
+        If true, the symbols themselves are colored.
+        If false, the symbols are black, and the boxes behind the
+        symbols are colored.
+    font_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the sequence symbols.
+    font_param : dict, optional
+        Additional parameters that is given to the
+        :class:`matplotlib.Text` instance of each symbol.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, axes, color_symbols=False, font_size=None, font_param=None):
+        super().__init__(axes)
+        self._color_symbols = color_symbols
+        self._font_size = font_size
+        self._font_param = font_param if font_param is not None else {}
+
+    def plot_symbol(self, bbox, alignment, column_i, seq_i):
+        from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
+
+        trace = alignment.trace
+        if trace[column_i, seq_i] != -1:
+            symbol = alignment.sequences[seq_i][trace[column_i, seq_i]]
+        else:
+            symbol = "-"
+        color = self.get_color(alignment, column_i, seq_i)
+
+        box = Rectangle(bbox.p0, bbox.width, bbox.height)
+        self.axes.add_patch(box)
+        text = self.axes.text(
+            bbox.x0 + bbox.width / 2,
+            bbox.y0 + bbox.height / 2,
+            symbol,
+            color="black",
+            ha="center",
+            va="center",
+            size=self._font_size,
+            **self._font_param,
+        )
+        text.set_clip_on(True)
+
+        if self._color_symbols:
+            box.set_color("None")
+            text.set_color(color)
+        else:
+            box.set_color(color)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_color(self, alignment, column_i, seq_i):
+        """
+        Get the color of a symbol at a specified position in the
+        alignment.
+
+        The symbol is specified as position in the alignment's trace
+        (``trace[pos_i, seq_i]``).
+
+        PROTECTED: Override when inheriting.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        alignment : Alignment
+            The respective alignment.
+        column_i : int
+            The position index in the trace.
+        seq_i : int
+            The sequence index in the trace.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        color : object
+            A *Matplotlib* compatible color used for the background
+            or the symbol itself at the specifed position.
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+class LetterSimilarityPlotter(LetterPlotter):
+    r"""
+    This :class:`SymbolPlotter` colors the symbols based on the
+    similarity with the other symbols in the same column.
+
+    The color intensity (or colormap value, respectively) of a symbol
+    scales with similarity of the respective symbol to the other symbols
+    in the same alignment column.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    axes : Axes
+        A *Matplotlib* axes, that is used as plotting area.
+    matrix : SubstitutionMatrix, optional
+        The substitution matrix to use the similarity scores from.
+        By default the normalized similarity is 1 for identity and 0
+        for non-identity.
+    color_symbols : bool, optional
+        If true, the symbols themselves are colored.
+        If false, the symbols are black, and the boxes behind the
+        symbols are colored.
+    font_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the sequence symbols.
+    font_param : dict, optional
+        Additional parameters that is given to the
+        :class:`matplotlib.Text` instance of each symbol.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For determination of the color, this a measure called
+    *average normalized similarity* is used.
+
+    The *normalized similarity* of one symbol *a* to another symbol *b*
+    (both in aphabet *X*) is defined as
+
+    .. math:: S_{norm}(a,b) = \frac{S(a,b) - \min\limits_x(S(a,x))} {\max\limits_x(S(a,x)) - \min\limits_x(S(a,x))}
+
+    .. math:: a,b,x \in X
+
+    where *S(x,y)* is the similarity score of the two symbols
+    *x* and *y* described in the substitution matrix.
+    The similarity *S(x,-)* is always 0.
+    As the normalization is conducted only with respect to *a*,
+    the *normalized similarity* is not commutative.
+
+    The *average normalized similarity* of a symbol *a* is
+    determined by averaging the normalized similarity over each
+    symbol *b*\ :sub:`i` in the same alignment column.
+
+    .. math:: S_{norm,av}(a) = \frac{1}{n-1} \left[\left(\sum\limits_{i=1}^n S_{norm}(a,b_i)\right) - S_{norm}(a,a)\right]
+
+    The normalized similarity of *a* to itself is subtracted,
+    because *a* does also occur in *b*\ :sub:`i`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, axes, matrix=None, color_symbols=False, font_size=None, font_param=None
+    ):
+        super().__init__(axes, color_symbols, font_size, font_param)
+        if matrix is not None:
+            self._matrix = matrix.score_matrix()
+        else:
+            self._matrix = None
+        # Default colormap
+        self._cmap = self._generate_colormap(colors["dimgreen"], self._color_symbols)
+
+    def set_color(self, color=None, cmap=None):
+        """
+        Set the alignemnt colors used for plotting.
+
+        This function takes either a color or a colormap.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        color : tuple or str, optional
+            A *Matplotlib* compatible color.
+            If this parameter is given, the box color in an interpolated
+            value between white and the given color,
+            or, if `color_symbols` is set, between the given color and
+            black.
+            The interpolation percentage is given by the normalized
+            similarity.
+        cmap : Colormap, optional
+            The boxes (or symbols, if `color_symbols` is set) are
+            colored based on the normalized similarity value on the
+            given Colormap.
+        """
+        from matplotlib import cm
+
+        if color is None and cmap is None:
+            raise ValueError("Either color or colormap must be set")
+        elif color is not None:
+            self._cmap = self._generate_colormap(color, self._color_symbols)
+        else:
+            # cmap is not None
+            if isinstance(cmap, str):
+                self._cmap = cm.get_cmap(cmap)
+            else:
+                # cmap is a colormap
+                self._cmap = cmap
+
+    def get_color(self, alignment, column_i, seq_i):
+        # Calculate average normalize similarity
+        index1 = alignment.trace[column_i, seq_i]
+        if index1 == -1:
+            similarity = 0
+        else:
+            code1 = alignment.sequences[seq_i].code[index1]
+            similarities = np.zeros(alignment.trace.shape[1])
+            for i in range(alignment.trace.shape[1]):
+                index2 = alignment.trace[column_i, i]
+                if index2 == -1:
+                    similarities[i] = 0
+                else:
+                    code2 = alignment.sequences[i].code[index2]
+                    similarities[i] = self._get_similarity(self._matrix, code1, code2)
+            # Delete self-similarity
+            similarities = np.delete(similarities, seq_i)
+            similarity = np.average(similarities)
+        return self._cmap(similarity)
+
+    def _get_similarity(self, matrix, code1, code2):
+        if matrix is None:
+            return 1 if code1 == code2 else 0
+        else:
+            sim = matrix[code1, code2]
+            # Normalize (range 0.0 - 1.0)
+            min_sim = np.min(matrix[code1])
+            max_sim = np.max(matrix[code1])
+            sim = (sim - min_sim) / (max_sim - min_sim)
+            return sim
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _generate_colormap(color, to_black):
+        from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap, to_rgb
+
+        color = to_rgb(color)
+        if to_black:
+            # From color to black
+            cmap_val = np.stack(
+                [
+                    np.interp(np.linspace(0, 1, 100), [0, 1], [color[i], 0])
+                    for i in range(len(color))
+                ]
+            ).transpose()
+        else:
+            # From white to color
+            cmap_val = np.stack(
+                [
+                    np.interp(np.linspace(0, 1, 100), [0, 1], [1, color[i]])
+                    for i in range(len(color))
+                ]
+            ).transpose()
+        return ListedColormap(cmap_val)
+
+
+class LetterTypePlotter(LetterPlotter):
+    """
+    This `SymbolPloter` colors each symbol based on the general
+    color of that symbol defined by a color scheme.
+
+    EXPERIMENTAL: Future API changes are probable.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    axes : Axes
+        A *Matplotlib* axes, that is used as plotting area.
+    alphabet : Alphabet
+        The alphabet of the alignment(s) to be plotted.
+    color_scheme : str or list of (tuple or str), optional
+        Either a valid color scheme name
+        (e.g. ``"flower"``, ``"clustalx"``, ``blossom``, etc.)
+        or a list of *Matplotlib* compatible colors.
+        The list length must be at least as long as the
+        length of the alphabet used by the sequences.
+    color_symbols : bool, optional
+        If true, the symbols themselves are colored.
+        If false, the symbols are black, and the boxes behind the
+        symbols are colored.
+    font_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the sequence symbols.
+    font_param : dict, optional
+        Additional parameters that is given to the
+        :class:`matplotlib.Text` instance of each symbol.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        axes,
+        alphabet,
+        color_scheme=None,
+        color_symbols=False,
+        font_size=None,
+        font_param=None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(axes, color_symbols, font_size, font_param)
+
+        if color_scheme is None:
+            self._colors = get_color_scheme("flower", alphabet)
+        elif isinstance(color_scheme, str):
+            self._colors = get_color_scheme(color_scheme, alphabet)
+        else:
+            self._colors = color_scheme
+
+    def get_color(self, alignment, column_i, seq_i):
+        index = alignment.trace[column_i, seq_i]
+        if index == -1:
+            # Gaps are white
+            return (1, 1, 1)
+        code = alignment.sequences[seq_i].code[index]
+        return self._colors[code]
+
+
+class ArrayPlotter(LetterPlotter):
+    """
+    This :class:`SymbolPlotter` quantitatively decorates sequences alignments, with molecular
+    recognition data obtained from e.g. microarrays. Symbols are visualized as characters
+    on a colored background box. The color of a given box represents the recognition
+    signal. The intensity of the color, is proportional to the strenght of the
+    recognition.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    axes : Axes
+        A Matplotlib axes, that is used as plotting area.
+    fl_score : numpy.ndarray
+        The ndarray to store recognition values corresponding to the score residues.
+        By default, the normalized score is 1 for maximum recognition
+        and 0 for non-recognition (no color).
+    color_symbols : bool, optional
+        If true, the symbols themselves are colored.
+        If false, the symbols are black, and the boxes behind the
+        symbols are colored.
+    font_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the sequence symbols.
+    font_param : dict, optional
+        Additional parameters that is given to the
+        :class:`matplotlib.Text` instance of each symbol.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, axes, fl_score, color_symbols=False, font_size=None, font_param=None
+    ):
+        super().__init__(axes, color_symbols, font_size, font_param)
+        self.fl_score = fl_score
+        self._cmap = self._generate_colormap(colors["dimorange"], self._color_symbols)
+
+    def get_color(self, alignment, column_i, seq_i):
+        index1 = alignment.trace[column_i, seq_i]
+        if index1 == -1:
+            spot_signal = 0
+        else:
+            spot_signal = self._get_signal(self.fl_score, column_i, seq_i)
+        return self._cmap(spot_signal)
+
+    def _get_signal(self, fl_score, column_i, seq_i):
+        if fl_score is None:
+            signal = 0.0
+        else:
+            signal = fl_score[column_i, seq_i]
+        return signal
+
+    def get_cmap(self):
+        return self._cmap
+
+    def plot_symbol(self, bbox, alignment, column_i, seq_i):
+        from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
+
+        trace = alignment.trace
+
+        if trace[column_i, seq_i] != -1:
+            key1 = alignment.sequences[1][trace[column_i, 1]]
+            key2 = alignment.sequences[0][trace[column_i, 0]]
+            if key1 == key2:
+                if seq_i == 1:
+                    symbol = "*"
+                else:
+                    symbol = alignment.sequences[seq_i][trace[column_i, seq_i]]
+            else:
+                symbol = alignment.sequences[seq_i][trace[column_i, seq_i]]
+        else:
+            symbol = "-"
+        color = self.get_color(alignment, column_i, seq_i)
+        box = Rectangle(bbox.p0, bbox.width, bbox.height)
+        self.axes.add_patch(box)
+        text = self.axes.text(
+            bbox.x0 + bbox.width / 2,
+            bbox.y0 + bbox.height / 2,
+            symbol,
+            color="black",
+            ha="center",
+            va="center",
+            size=self._font_size,
+            **self._font_param,
+        )
+        text.set_clip_on(True)
+
+        if self._color_symbols:
+            box.set_color("None")
+            text.set_color(color)
+        else:
+            box.set_color(color)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _generate_colormap(color, to_black):
+        from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap, to_rgb
+
+        color = to_rgb(color)
+        if to_black:
+            cmap_val = np.stack(
+                [
+                    np.interp(np.linspace(0, 1, 100), [0, 1], [color[i], 0])
+                    for i in range(len(color))
+                ]
+            ).transpose()
+        else:
+            cmap_val = np.stack(
+                [
+                    np.interp(np.linspace(0, 1, 100), [0, 1], [1, color[i]])
+                    for i in range(len(color))
+                ]
+            ).transpose()
+        return ListedColormap(cmap_val)
+
+
+def plot_alignment(
+    axes,
+    alignment,
+    symbol_plotter,
+    symbols_per_line=50,
+    show_numbers=False,
+    number_size=None,
+    number_functions=None,
+    labels=None,
+    label_size=None,
+    show_line_position=False,
+    spacing=1,
+    symbol_spacing=None,
+):
+    """
+    Plot a pairwise or multiple sequence alignment.
+
+    The output is similar to a string representation of an
+    :class:`Alignment`, but with enhanced styling, symbol coloring and
+    optional sequence labels and sequence position numbering.
+    How each symbol of the alignment is drawn is determined by the
+    given :class:`SymbolPlotter` object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    axes : Axes
+        A *Matplotlib* axes, that is used as plotting area.
+    alignment : Alignment
+        The pairwise or multiple sequence alignment to be plotted.
+    symbol_plotter : SymbolPlotter
+        Defines how the symbols in the alignment are drawn.
+    symbols_per_line : int, optional
+        The amount of alignment columns that are diplayed per line.
+    show_numbers : bool, optional
+        If true, the sequence position of the symbols in the last
+        alignment column of a line is shown on the right side of the
+        plot.
+        If the last symbol is a gap, the position of the last actual
+        symbol before this gap is taken.
+        If the first symbol did not occur up to this point,
+        no number is shown for this line.
+        By default the first symbol of a sequence has the position 1,
+        but this behavior can be changed using the `number_functions`
+        parameter.
+    number_size : float, optional
+        The font size of the position numbers.
+    number_functions : list of [(None or Callable(int -> int)], optional
+        By default the position of the first symbol in a sequence is 1,
+        i.e. the sequence position is the sequence index incremented by
+        1.
+        The behavior can be changed with this parameter:
+        If supplied, the length of the list must match the number of
+        sequences in the alignment.
+        Every entry is a function that maps a sequence index (*int*) to
+        a sequence position (*int*) for the respective sequence.
+        A ``None`` entry means, that the default numbering is applied
+        for the sequence.
+    labels : list of str, optional
+        The sequence labels.
+        Must be the same size and order as the sequences in the
+        alignment.
+    label_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the labels.
+    show_line_position : bool, optional
+        If true the position within a line is plotted below the
+        alignment.
+    spacing : float, optional
+        The spacing between the alignment lines. 1.0 means that the size
+        is equal to the size of a symbol box.
+    symbol_spacing : int, optional
+        A space is placed between each number of elements desired
+        by variable.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The labels are placed on the Y-axis of the `axes` and the numbers
+    are placed on the Y-axis of the `axes` twin.
+    The position within a line is placed on the X-axis of the `axes`.
+    Further modification of these can be performed using the usual
+    *Matplotlib* API.
+    """
+    from matplotlib.transforms import Bbox
+
+    if number_functions is None:
+        number_functions = [lambda x: x + 1] * len(alignment.sequences)
+    else:
+        if len(number_functions) != len(alignment.sequences):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"The amount of renumbering functions is "
+                f"{len(number_functions)} but the amount if sequences in the "
+                f"alignment is {len(alignment.sequences)}"
+            )
+        for i, func in enumerate(number_functions):
+            if func is None:
+                number_functions[i] = lambda x: x + 1
+
+    seq_num = alignment.trace.shape[1]
+    seq_len = alignment.trace.shape[0]
+    line_count = seq_len // symbols_per_line
+    # Only extend line count by 1 if there is a remainder
+    # (remaining symbols)
+    if seq_len % symbols_per_line != 0:
+        line_count += 1
+
+    if symbol_spacing:
+        spacing_ratio = symbols_per_line / symbol_spacing
+        if spacing_ratio % 1 != 0:
+            raise ValueError("symbols_per_line not multiple of symbol_spacing")
+        # Initializing symbols_to_print to print symbols_per_line
+        # symbols on one line + spacing between symbols
+        symbols_to_print = int(spacing_ratio) + symbols_per_line - 1
+    else:
+        symbols_to_print = symbols_per_line
+
+    ### Draw symbols ###
+    x = 0
+    y = 0
+    y_start = 0
+    line_pos = 0
+    for i in range(seq_len):
+        y = y_start
+        for j in range(seq_num):
+            bbox = Bbox([[x, y], [x + 1, y + 1]])
+            symbol_plotter.plot_symbol(bbox, alignment, i, j)
+            y += 1
+        line_pos += 1
+        if line_pos >= symbols_to_print:
+            line_pos = 0
+            x = 0
+            y_start += seq_num + spacing
+        else:
+            x += 1
+            if symbol_spacing and (i + 1) % symbol_spacing == 0:
+                line_pos += 1
+                x += 1
+
+    ### Draw labels ###
+    ticks = []
+    tick_labels = []
+    if labels is not None:
+        # Labels at center height of each line of symbols -> 0.5
+        y = 0.5
+        for i in range(line_count):
+            for j in range(seq_num):
+                ticks.append(y)
+                tick_labels.append(labels[j])
+                y += 1
+            y += spacing
+    axes.set_yticks(ticks)
+    axes.set_yticklabels(tick_labels)
+
+    ### Draw numbers  ###
+    # Create twin to allow different tick labels on right side
+    number_axes = axes.twinx()
+    ticks = []
+    tick_labels = []
+    if show_numbers:
+        # Numbers at center height of each line of symbols -> 0.5
+        y = 0.5
+        for i in range(line_count):
+            for j in range(seq_num):
+                if i == line_count - 1:
+                    # Last line -> get number of last column in trace
+                    trace_pos = len(alignment.trace) - 1
+                else:
+                    trace_pos = (i + 1) * symbols_per_line - 1
+                seq_index = _get_last_valid_index(alignment, trace_pos, j)
+                # if -1 -> terminal gap
+                # -> skip number for this sequence in this line
+                if seq_index != -1:
+                    # Convert sequence index to position
+                    # (default index + 1)
+                    number = number_functions[j](seq_index)
+                    ticks.append(y)
+                    tick_labels.append(str(number))
+                y += 1
+            y += spacing
+    number_axes.set_yticks(ticks)
+    number_axes.set_yticklabels(tick_labels)
+
+    axes.set_xlim(0, symbols_to_print)
+    # Y-axis starts from top
+    lim = seq_num * line_count + spacing * (line_count - 1)
+    axes.set_ylim(lim, 0)
+    number_axes.set_ylim(lim, 0)
+    axes.set_frame_on(False)
+    number_axes.set_frame_on(False)
+    # Remove ticks and set label and number size
+    axes.yaxis.set_tick_params(left=False, right=False, labelsize=label_size)
+    number_axes.yaxis.set_tick_params(left=False, right=False, labelsize=number_size)
+
+    if show_line_position:
+        axes.xaxis.set_tick_params(
+            top=False, bottom=True, labeltop=False, labelbottom=True
+        )
+    else:
+        axes.xaxis.set_tick_params(
+            top=False, bottom=False, labeltop=False, labelbottom=False
+        )
+
+
+def plot_alignment_similarity_based(
+    axes,
+    alignment,
+    symbols_per_line=50,
+    show_numbers=False,
+    number_size=None,
+    number_functions=None,
+    labels=None,
+    label_size=None,
+    show_line_position=False,
+    spacing=1,
+    color=None,
+    cmap=None,
+    matrix=None,
+    color_symbols=False,
+    symbol_spacing=None,
+    symbol_size=None,
+    symbol_param=None,
+):
+    r"""
+    Plot a pairwise or multiple sequence alignment highlighting
+    the similarity per alignment column.
+
+    This function works like :func:`plot_alignment()` with a
+    :class:`SymbolPlotter`, that colors the symbols based on the
+    similarity with the other symbols in the same column.
+    The color intensity (or colormap value, respectively) of a symbol
+    scales with similarity of the respective symbol to the other symbols
+    in the same alignment column.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    axes : Axes
+        A *Matplotlib* axes, that is used as plotting area.
+    alignment : Alignment
+        The pairwise or multiple sequence alignment to be plotted.
+        The alphabet of each sequence in the alignment must be the same.
+    symbols_per_line : int, optional
+        The amount of alignment columns that are diplayed per line.
+    show_numbers : bool, optional
+        If true, the sequence position of the symbols in the last
+        alignment column of a line is shown on the right side of the
+        plot.
+        If the last symbol is a gap, the position of the last actual
+        symbol before this gap is taken.
+        If the first symbol did not occur up to this point,
+        no number is shown for this line.
+        By default the first symbol of a sequence has the position 1,
+        but this behavior can be changed using the `number_functions`
+        parameter.
+    number_size : float, optional
+        The font size of the position numbers.
+    number_functions : list of [(None or Callable(int -> int)], optional
+        By default the position of the first symbol in a sequence is 1,
+        i.e. the sequence position is the sequence index incremented by
+        1.
+        The behavior can be changed with this parameter:
+        If supplied, the length of the list must match the number of
+        sequences in the alignment.
+        Every entry is a function that maps a sequence index (*int*) to
+        a sequence position (*int*) for the respective sequence.
+        A `None` entry means, that the default numbering is applied
+        for the sequence.
+    labels : list of str, optional
+        The sequence labels.
+        Must be the same size and order as the sequences in the
+        alignment.
+    label_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the labels.
+    show_line_position : bool, optional
+        If true the position within a line is plotted below the
+        alignment.
+    spacing : float, optional
+        The spacing between the alignment lines. 1.0 means that the size
+        is equal to the size of a symbol box.
+    color : tuple or str, optional
+        A *Matplotlib* compatible color.
+        If this parameter is given, the box color in an interpolated
+        value between white and the given color,
+        or, if `color_symbols` is set to true, between the given color
+        and black.
+        The interpolation percentage is given by the average normalized
+        similarity.
+    cmap : Colormap or str, optional
+        The boxes (or symbols, if `color_symbols` is set) are
+        colored based on the normalized similarity value on the
+        given *Matplotlib* Colormap.
+    matrix : SubstitutionMatrix
+        The substitution matrix used to determine the similarity
+        of two symbols. By default an identity matrix is used, i.e.
+        only match and mismatch is distinguished.
+    color_symbols : bool, optional
+        If true, the symbols themselves are colored.
+        If false, the symbols are black, and the boxes behind the
+        symbols are colored.
+    symbol_spacing : int, optional
+        A space is placed between each number of elements desired
+        by variable.
+    symbol_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the sequence symbols.
+    symbol_param : dict
+        Additional parameters that is given to the
+        :class:`matplotlib.Text` instance of each symbol.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    plot_alignment : Analogous functionality with a customizable :class:`SymbolPlotter`.
+    LetterSimilarityPlotter : The :class:`SymbolPlotter` used in this function.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For determination of the color, a measure called
+    *average normalized similarity* is used.
+
+    The *normalized similarity* of one symbol *a* to another symbol *b*
+    (both in aphabet *X*) is defined as
+
+    .. math:: S_{norm}(a,b) = \frac{S(a,b) - \min\limits_x(S(a,x))} {\max\limits_x(S(a,x)) - \min\limits_x(S(a,x))}
+
+    .. math:: a,b,x \in X
+
+    where *S(x,y)* is the similarity score of the two symbols
+    *x* and *y* described in the substitution matrix.
+    The similarity *S(x,-)* is always 0.
+    As the normalization is conducted only with respect to *a*,
+    the *normalized similarity* is not commutative.
+
+    The *average normalized similarity* of a symbol *a* is
+    determined by averaging the normalized similarity over each
+    symbol *b*\ :sub:`i` in the same alignment column.
+
+    .. math:: S_{norm,av}(a) = \frac{1}{n-1} \left[\left(\sum\limits_{i=1}^n S_{norm}(a,b_i)\right) - S_{norm}(a,a)\right]
+
+    The normalized similarity of *a* to itself is subtracted,
+    because *a* does also occur in *b*\ :sub:`i`.
+    """
+    symbol_plotter = LetterSimilarityPlotter(
+        axes,
+        matrix=matrix,
+        font_size=symbol_size,
+        font_param=symbol_param,
+        color_symbols=color_symbols,
+    )
+    if color is not None or cmap is not None:
+        symbol_plotter.set_color(color=color, cmap=cmap)
+    plot_alignment(
+        axes=axes,
+        alignment=alignment,
+        symbol_plotter=symbol_plotter,
+        symbols_per_line=symbols_per_line,
+        show_numbers=show_numbers,
+        number_size=number_size,
+        number_functions=number_functions,
+        labels=labels,
+        label_size=label_size,
+        show_line_position=show_line_position,
+        spacing=spacing,
+        symbol_spacing=symbol_spacing,
+    )
+
+
+def plot_alignment_type_based(
+    axes,
+    alignment,
+    symbols_per_line=50,
+    show_numbers=False,
+    number_size=None,
+    number_functions=None,
+    labels=None,
+    label_size=None,
+    show_line_position=False,
+    spacing=1,
+    color_scheme=None,
+    color_symbols=False,
+    symbol_size=None,
+    symbol_param=None,
+    symbol_spacing=None,
+):
+    """
+    Plot a pairwise or multiple sequence alignment coloring each symbol
+    based on the symbol type.
+
+    This function works like :func:`plot_alignment()` with a
+    :class:`SymbolPlotter`, that colors the symbols based on a color
+    scheme.
+    The color intensity (or colormap value, respectively) of a symbol
+    scales with similarity of the respective symbol to the other symbols
+    in the same alignment column.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    axes : Axes
+        A *Matplotlib* axes, that is used as plotting area.
+    alignment : Alignment
+        The pairwise or multiple sequence alignment to be plotted.
+        The alphabet of each sequence in the alignment must be the same.
+    symbols_per_line : int, optional
+        The amount of alignment columns that are diplayed per line.
+    show_numbers : bool, optional
+        If true, the sequence position of the symbols in the last
+        alignment column of a line is shown on the right side of the
+        plot.
+        If the last symbol is a gap, the position of the last actual
+        symbol before this gap is taken.
+        If the first symbol did not occur up to this point,
+        no number is shown for this line.
+        By default the first symbol of a sequence has the position 1,
+        but this behavior can be changed using the `number_functions`
+        parameter.
+    number_size : float, optional
+        The font size of the position numbers.
+    number_functions : list of [(None or Callable(int -> int)], optional
+        By default the position of the first symbol in a sequence is 1,
+        i.e. the sequence position is the sequence index incremented by
+        1.
+        The behavior can be changed with this parameter:
+        If supplied, the length of the list must match the number of
+        sequences in the alignment.
+        Every entry is a function that maps a sequence index (*int*) to
+        a sequence position (*int*) for the respective sequence.
+        A `None` entry means, that the default numbering is applied
+        for the sequence.
+    labels : list of str, optional
+        The sequence labels.
+        Must be the same size and order as the sequences in the
+        alignment.
+    label_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the labels.
+    show_line_position : bool, optional
+        If true the position within a line is plotted below the
+        alignment.
+    spacing : float, optional
+        The spacing between the alignment lines. 1.0 means that the size
+        is equal to the size of a symbol box.
+    color_scheme : str or list of (tuple or str), optional
+        Either a valid color scheme name
+        (e.g. ``"flower"``, ``"clustalx"``, ``blossom``, etc.)
+        or a list of *Matplotlib* compatible colors.
+        The list length must be at least as long as the
+        length of the alphabet used by the sequences.
+    color_symbols : bool, optional
+        If true, the symbols themselves are colored.
+        If false, the symbols are black, and the boxes behind the
+        symbols are colored.
+    symbol_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the sequence symbols.
+    symbol_param : dict
+        Additional parameters that is given to the
+        :class:`matplotlib.Text` instance of each symbol.
+    symbol_spacing : int, optional
+        A space is placed between each number of elements desired
+        by variable.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    plot_alignment : Analogous functionality with a customizable :class:`SymbolPlotter`.
+    LetterTypePlotter : The :class:`SymbolPlotter` used in this function.
+    """
+    alphabet = alignment.sequences[0].get_alphabet()
+    symbol_plotter = LetterTypePlotter(
+        axes,
+        alphabet,
+        font_size=symbol_size,
+        font_param=symbol_param,
+        color_symbols=color_symbols,
+        color_scheme=color_scheme,
+    )
+    plot_alignment(
+        axes=axes,
+        alignment=alignment,
+        symbol_plotter=symbol_plotter,
+        symbols_per_line=symbols_per_line,
+        show_numbers=show_numbers,
+        number_size=number_size,
+        number_functions=number_functions,
+        labels=labels,
+        label_size=label_size,
+        show_line_position=show_line_position,
+        spacing=spacing,
+        symbol_spacing=symbol_spacing,
+    )
+
+
+def plot_alignment_array(
+    axes,
+    alignment,
+    fl_score,
+    symbols_per_line=50,
+    show_numbers=False,
+    number_size=None,
+    number_functions=None,
+    labels=None,
+    label_size=None,
+    show_line_position=False,
+    spacing=1,
+    color=None,
+    cmap=None,
+    symbol_spacing=None,
+    symbol_size=None,
+    symbol_param=None,
+):
+    """
+    Plot a pairwise sequence alignment using an :class:`ArrayPlotter`
+    instance.
+
+    Highlights sequence recognition regions at the positions of the respective
+    score residue per alignment column.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    axes : Axes
+        A Matplotlib axes, that is used as plotting area.
+    alignment : Alignment
+        The pairwise sequence alignment to be plotted.
+    fl_score : ndarray
+        The array to map fluorescence values to score residues.
+        By default the normalized score is 1 for maximum recognition
+        and 0 for non-recognition (no color).
+    symbols_per_line : int, optional
+        The amount of alignment columns that are displayed per line.
+    show_numbers : bool, optional
+        If true, the sequence position of the symbols in the last
+        alignment column of a line is shown on the right side of the
+        plot.
+        If the last symbol is a gap, the position of the last actual
+        symbol before this gap is taken.
+        If the first symbol did not occur up to this point,
+        no number is shown for this line.
+        By default the first symbol of a sequence has the position 1,
+        but this behavior can be changed using the `number_functions`
+        parameter.
+    number_size : float, optional
+        The font size of the position numbers.
+    number_functions : list of [(None or Callable(int -> int)], optional
+        By default the position of the first symbol in a sequence is 1,
+        i.e. the sequence position is the sequence index incremented by
+        1.
+        The behavior can be changed with this parameter:
+        If supplied, the length of the list must match the number of
+        sequences in the alignment.
+        Every entry is a function that maps a sequence index (*int*) to
+        a sequence position (*int*) for the respective sequence.
+        A `None` entry means, that the default numbering is applied
+        for the sequence.
+    labels : list of str, optional
+        The sequence labels.
+        Must be the same size and order as the sequences in the
+        alignment.
+    label_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the labels.
+    show_line_position : bool, optional
+        If true the position within a line is plotted below the
+        alignment.
+    spacing : float, optional
+        The spacing between the alignment lines. 1.0 means that the size
+        is equal to the size of a symbol box.
+    color : tuple or str, optional
+        A *Matplotlib* compatible color.
+    cmap : Colormap or str, optional
+        The boxes are
+        colored based on the normalized intensity value on the
+        given *Matplotlib* Colormap.
+    symbol_spacing : int, optional
+        A space is placed between each number of elements desired
+        by variable.
+    symbol_size : float, optional
+        Font size of the sequence symbols.
+    symbol_param : dict
+        Additional parameters that is given to the
+        :class:`matplotlib.Text` instance of each symbol.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    A '*' represents a sequence match on the alignment
+    A '-' represents a sequence gap on the alignment
+    """
+    symbol_plotter = ArrayPlotter(
+        axes,
+        fl_score=fl_score,
+        font_size=symbol_size,
+        font_param=symbol_param,
+    )
+
+    plot_alignment(
+        axes=axes,
+        alignment=alignment,
+        symbol_plotter=symbol_plotter,
+        symbols_per_line=symbols_per_line,
+        show_numbers=show_numbers,
+        number_size=number_size,
+        number_functions=number_functions,
+        labels=labels,
+        label_size=label_size,
+        show_line_position=show_line_position,
+        spacing=spacing,
+        symbol_spacing=symbol_spacing,
+    )
+
+
+def _get_last_valid_index(alignment, column_i, seq_i):
+    """
+    Find the last trace value that belongs to a valid sequence index
+    (no gap -> no -1) up to the specified column.
+    """
+    index_found = False
+    while not index_found:
+        if column_i == -1:
+            # Iterated from column_i back to beyond the beginning
+            # and no index has been found
+            # -> Terminal gap
+            # -> First symbol of sequence has not occured yet
+            # -> return -1
+            index = -1
+            index_found = True
+        else:
+            index = alignment.trace[column_i, seq_i]
+            if index != -1:
+                index_found = True
+        column_i -= 1
+    return index