universal-physics-tensor 0.4.5

package/dist/bridges/equations/be-37-shapiro-delay.d.ts

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+/**
+ * Bridge Equation 37 — Variable Speed of Light Cosmology
+ * (Shapiro gravitational time-delay reformulation).
+ *
+ * **Original (operationally-meaningless) form.** Wave R disposition
+ * 2026-05-05 marked BE-37 `status='invalid'` because the ansatz
+ *
+ *   c(t,x) ≠ const
+ *
+ * is operationally meaningless per Ellis-Uzan 2005 (*Am. J. Phys.*
+ * 73:240, arXiv:gr-qc/0305099 "c is the speed of light, isn't it?"):
+ * the speed of light c is *defined* as a constant in SI units (since
+ * the 1983 metre redefinition), so any "varying c" in vacuum is just
+ * a rescaling of other constants and cannot have observable
+ * consequences independent of those constants. The Albrecht-Magueijo
+ * 1999 / Moffat 1993 / Barrow 1999 specific VSL ansätze were
+ * non-equivalent and the R2-R3 disposition correctly preserved the
+ * gap rather than pick one arbitrarily.
+ *
+ * **Encoded reformulation (Shapiro gravitational time-delay).** Wave
+ * Z-F applies the canonical literature replacement identified by
+ * OpenAI o3 in the Wave-Z reopened deferred-bridges consultation
+ * (2026-05-11): replace the vacuum-c-variation ansatz with the
+ * canonical **Shapiro delay** — the gravitationally-induced coordinate-
+ * time delay of light passing near a massive body:
+ *
+ *   **Δt = (2 G M / c³) · ln(R_far / R_near)**
+ *
+ * This is the operationally-meaningful "effective c-variation"
+ * that survives the Ellis-Uzan critique: c is *locally* always c, but
+ * the integrated path-time over a gravitational potential well differs
+ * from the flat-space value by a measurable amount. Shapiro 1964
+ * predicted the effect from general relativity; Cassini 2003 measured
+ * it to ~10⁻⁵ precision (Bertotti-Iess-Tortora 2003 *Nature*
+ * 425:374), confirming Einstein's general relativity to that level.
+ *
+ * The bridge label is preserved: "modified gravitational/cosmological
+ * effects on light propagation," now grounded in a canonical,
+ * experimentally-confirmed relation rather than a non-falsifiable
+ * vacuum-c-variation.
+ *
+ * **Dimensional analysis.**
+ *   - G has dim `[L³ M⁻¹ T⁻²]`.
+ *   - M has dim `[M]`.
+ *   - c has dim `[L T⁻¹]`; c³ has dim `[L³ T⁻³]`.
+ *   - 2GM/c³ has dim `[L³ M⁻¹ T⁻²] · [M] / [L³ T⁻³] = [T³/T²] = [T]` ✓
+ *   - R_far/R_near is dimensionless `[1]`.
+ *   - ln(R_far/R_near) is dimensionless `[1]` (log of dimensionless).
+ *   - Product Δt: `[T] · [1] = [T]` = `[time]` ✓.
+ *
+ * **AST encoding pattern (typed integer-2 + log-stub).** The integer
+ * factor 2 is a dimensionless constant. The log argument `R_far/R_near`
+ * is a dimensionless ratio of two lengths — encoded as a separate
+ * lemma exposing the dimensional-consistency of the argument (per
+ * the dimensionless-stub convention, same as BE-45 log-ratio idiom).
+ * The log itself is replaced by a fresh dimensionless symbol stub
+ * `ln_R_ratio`.
+ *
+ * Bracket-checks (numerical evaluator, one-way form `2GM/c³·ln(R_far/R_near)`):
+ *   - Sun mass M_sun = 1.989e30 kg, R_far = 1 AU, R_near = R_sun:
+ *     2GM_sun/c³ ≈ 9.85 μs (Schwarzschild light-travel-time scale);
+ *     ln(1.496e11 / 6.957e8) ≈ 5.37 (ratio ≈ 215);
+ *     Δt_one-way ≈ 9.85 μs · 5.37 ≈ 53 μs.
+ *   - Historical Shapiro 1964 round-trip radar measurement: the
+ *     ROUND-TRIP delay uses 4GM/c³ (not 2GM/c³) and the canonical
+ *     log argument `((r1+r2+R)/(r1+r2-R))` for the radar geometry,
+ *     giving ~240 μs for Mercury superior-conjunction (Shapiro
+ *     1964 PRL 13:789). The encoded ONE-WAY form here is half the
+ *     round-trip coefficient and uses a simpler log argument
+ *     suitable for a single-leg light path; the two values are NOT
+ *     directly comparable.
+ *   - Cassini 2003 measurement: γ to ~10⁻⁵ precision (Bertotti-
+ *     Iess-Tortora 2003 *Nature* 425:374); confirms GR-canonical
+ *     γ = 1 in the encoded coefficient.
+ *
+ * References:
+ *   - Shapiro 1964 *Phys. Rev. Lett.* 13:789 (original prediction of
+ *     gravitational time-delay).
+ *   - Will 1981/2014 *Theory and Experiment in Gravitational
+ *     Physics* (canonical textbook on the PPN framework and γ
+ *     parameter).
+ *   - Bertotti, Iess & Tortora 2003 *Nature* 425:374 (Cassini
+ *     solar-conjunction measurement of γ to ~10⁻⁵).
+ *   - Ellis & Uzan 2005 *Am. J. Phys.* 73:240 (arXiv:gr-qc/0305099,
+ *     "c is the speed of light, isn't it?" — the critique that
+ *     motivated reformulation away from vacuum-c-variation).
+ *   - Albrecht & Magueijo 1999 (arXiv:astro-ph/9811018) — historical:
+ *     one of the original VSL cosmology proposals; now dropped.
+ *   - Moffat 1993 (arXiv:gr-qc/9211020); Barrow 1999 (arXiv:astro-ph/9811022);
+ *     Magueijo 2003 *Rep. Prog. Phys.* 66:2025 — historical VSL
+ *     literature retained for context.
+ *
+ * Status: speculative — REFORMULATED from 'invalid'.
+ *
+ * Honest-claude scope notes:
+ *   - The reformulation REPLACES the operationally-meaningless
+ *     `c(t,x) ≠ const` vacuum ansatz with the Shapiro delay, the
+ *     canonical operationally-meaningful gravitational "effective-c"
+ *     effect. Same precedent as Wave P-D R-D2 BE-25 (Penrose-Hameroff
+ *     → IIT) and Wave Z-E BE-16 (Complexity-Entropy → Landauer).
+ *   - The Shapiro delay is general-relativistic gravitational physics
+ *     — it is NOT a "varying c" in any fundamental sense. Light always
+ *     travels at c locally; the delay arises from the integrated path
+ *     length / coordinate-time effects in curved spacetime.
+ *     Status `'speculative'` is for the **bridge framing** (treating
+ *     Shapiro delay as the UPT VSL-cosmology bridge), NOT for the
+ *     Shapiro delay itself, which is canonical and experimentally
+ *     confirmed.
+ *   - The Albrecht-Magueijo / Moffat / Barrow vacuum-c-variation
+ *     proposals are NOT recovered by this reformulation — they
+ *     remain non-equivalent, non-falsifiable, and Ellis-Uzan-critique-
+ *     vulnerable. The reformulation explicitly drops the
+ *     vacuum-c-variation claim in favor of the operational
+ *     gravitational-c-effect.
+ *   - The PPN parameter γ (where γ = 1 in GR; experimental measurement
+ *     constrains |γ - 1| < 2.3e-5 per Bertotti-Iess-Tortora 2003) is
+ *     NOT in the encoded scalar — the encoded form is the GR-canonical
+ *     coefficient `2GM/c³` (i.e., γ = 1). A more general PPN
+ *     encoding would include `(1+γ) GM/c³` instead.
+ *   - The full Shapiro-delay formula includes log of a path-dependent
+ *     ratio (R_far / R_near where R_far, R_near are radial distances
+ *     from the gravitating mass). The encoded form treats both as
+ *     dimensionless ratios.
+ *   - **Gemini Pro cross-validation note (2026-05-11):** the Shapiro
+ *     delay manifests as an *apparent* coordinate-time slowdown of
+ *     light as it traverses curved spacetime (a Schwarzschild
+ *     gravitational well). It does NOT imply a variation in the
+ *     fundamental constant `c` as measured by any **local inertial
+ *     observer** — by Einstein's equivalence principle, every local
+ *     observer measures the speed of light to be exactly `c` in their
+ *     own inertial frame. The "effective c < c" interpretation is a
+ *     coordinate-system artifact in the global Schwarzschild frame,
+ *     not a physical local effect. This distinction is what makes
+ *     Shapiro delay survive the Ellis-Uzan critique: vacuum
+ *     c(t,x)-variation is operationally meaningless precisely because
+ *     it conflates the local-measurement and coordinate-system
+ *     pictures. Both OpenAI o3 and Gemini Pro verdicted this
+ *     reformulation STRONGLY-DEFENSIBLE.
+ *
+ * @see docs/specification/Part-II.md ("Bridge Equation 37")
+ * @see src/bridges/index.ts BRIDGE_EQUATIONS.find(e => e.id === 37)
+ * @module bridges/equations/be-37-shapiro-delay
+ */
+import type { ExprNode, DimensionValidationReport } from '../../dimensional/validator.js';
+/** Symbol: Newton's gravitational constant G. Dim `[L³ M⁻¹ T⁻²]`. */
+export declare const BE37_G: ExprNode;
+/** Symbol: gravitating-body mass M. Dim `[mass]`. */
+export declare const BE37_M: ExprNode;
+/** Symbol: speed of light c. Dim `[velocity]` = `[L T⁻¹]`. */
+export declare const BE37_C: ExprNode;
+/** Symbol: dimensionless integer factor 2. */
+export declare const BE37_TWO: ExprNode;
+/**
+ * Lemma AST: `c³` (dim `[L³ T⁻³]`).
+ *
+ * Exposed as a separate node for clarity in the prefactor expression.
+ */
+export declare const BE37_C_CUBED: ExprNode;
+/**
+ * Lemma AST: the prefactor `2GM/c³` (dim `[T]`).
+ *
+ * This is the "time-scale" associated with the Schwarzschild radius
+ * of the gravitating mass: 2GM/c² is the Schwarzschild diameter (a
+ * length), and dividing by c gives the corresponding light-travel
+ * time-scale. For the Sun: 2 G M_sun / c³ ≈ 9.85 μs.
+ */
+export declare const BE37_PREFACTOR: ExprNode;
+/** Symbol: outer radial distance R_far. Dim `[length]`. */
+export declare const BE37_R_FAR: ExprNode;
+/** Symbol: inner radial distance R_near. Dim `[length]`. */
+export declare const BE37_R_NEAR: ExprNode;
+/**
+ * Lemma AST: the log argument `R_far / R_near` (DIMENSIONLESS — ratio
+ * of two lengths).
+ *
+ * Exposed for the lemma test that verifies the argument is
+ * dimensionless (per the dimensionless-stub convention; same idiom as
+ * BE-45 `BE45_LOG_RATIO_ARG_MP_HINF`).
+ */
+export declare const BE37_LOG_RATIO_ARG: ExprNode;
+/**
+ * Lemma AST: the `ln(R_far/R_near)` factor, encoded as a fresh
+ * DIMENSIONLESS symbol stub (the AST has no `log` primitive; same
+ * idiom as BE-45 / BE-25 log-stubs for dimensionful-ratio arguments).
+ * The argument is exposed via `BE37_LOG_RATIO_ARG` for the lemma test.
+ */
+export declare const BE37_LOG_FACTOR: ExprNode;
+/**
+ * RHS of `Δt = (2GM/c³) · ln(R_far/R_near)` as a typed ExprNode tree:
+ *
+ *   (2GM/c³) · ln_R_ratio
+ *
+ * Dim: `[T] · [1] = [T]`.
+ */
+export declare const BE37_SHAPIRO_DELAY_RHS: ExprNode;
+/** LHS: Δt is a time delay. Dim `[time]`. */
+export declare const BE37_SHAPIRO_DELAY_LHS: ExprNode;
+export interface ShapiroInputs {
+    /** Gravitating-body mass M in kg. Must be finite and > 0. */
+    M_kg: number;
+    /** Outer radial distance R_far in m. Must be finite and > 0. */
+    R_far_m: number;
+    /** Inner radial distance R_near in m. Must be finite and > 0 and ≤ R_far_m. */
+    R_near_m: number;
+}
+/**
+ * Evaluate the Shapiro gravitational time-delay:
+ *
+ *   Δt = (2 G M / c³) · ln(R_far / R_near)
+ *
+ * @returns Time delay in seconds (one-way, GR-canonical γ=1 form).
+ *   For the Sun (M_sun = 1.989e30 kg) with light passing from 1 AU
+ *   to grazing R_sun, Δt_one-way ≈ 53 μs. The historical Shapiro
+ *   1964 round-trip experiment gives ~240 μs for similar geometry
+ *   (uses 4GM/c³ + radar-bounce log argument), not directly
+ *   comparable to this one-way encoding.
+ */
+export declare function evaluateShapiroDelay(input: ShapiroInputs): number;
+/**
+ * Run the AST through the dimensional analyzer; LHS and RHS should
+ * both be `[time]` = `[T]`.
+ */
+export declare function validateBE37Dimensions(): DimensionValidationReport;
+/**
+ * Eikonal LHS:  g^μν (∂_μ S)(∂_ν S).
+ *
+ * Direct contraction — μ pairs (upper from g_inverse, lower from dmu_S),
+ * ν pairs (upper from g_inverse, lower from dnu_S). Result is a scalar
+ * with dim DIMENSIONLESS · DIMENSIONLESS · DIMENSIONLESS = DIMENSIONLESS.
+ */
+export declare const BE37_EIKONAL_LHS: ExprNode;
+/**
+ * Eikonal RHS:  the literal dimensionless 'zero' symbol (null-geodesic
+ * condition). Same idiom as other zero-RHS bridges (e.g., BE-36).
+ */
+export declare const BE37_EIKONAL_RHS_ZERO: ExprNode;
+/**
+ * Per-bridge dimensional self-check for the v0.3.0 eikonal structural
+ * form. Both sides should be DIMENSIONLESS.
+ */
+export declare function validateBE37EikonalDimensions(): DimensionValidationReport;
+/**
+ * BE-37 end-to-end numerical evaluator (v0.3.5-Design.md §8).
+ *
+ * Part (a): lower BE37_EIKONAL_LHS with concrete weak-field Schwarzschild
+ * g^μν components + a null wave-covector and confirm the eikonal residual
+ * g^μν ∂_μS ∂_νS ≈ 0 — proves the v0.3.0 metric + pderiv + contraction
+ * ASTs lower and contract numerically.
+ *
+ * Part (b): RK4-integrate the Shapiro coordinate-time delay along the
+ * radial null ray and cross-check against the closed-form
+ * evaluateShapiroDelay().
+ */
+export declare function evaluateBE37EikonalNumerical(): Promise<{
+    eikonalResidual: number;
+    integratedDelay: number;
+    closedFormDelay: number;
+    scenario: ShapiroInputs;
+}>;
+//# sourceMappingURL=be-37-shapiro-delay.d.ts.map

package/dist/bridges/equations/be-37-shapiro-delay.d.ts.map

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