tribunal-kit 9.2.4 → 9.2.5

package/.agent/skills/typescript-advanced/SKILL.md

@@ -1,306 +1,306 @@
----
-name: typescript-advanced
-description: "Use when Advanced TypeScript mastery. Generics with constraints, conditional types, mapped types, template literal types, the satisfies operator, discriminated unions, branded/nominal types, type-level programming, utility type internals, variance annotations, module augmentation, and declaration merging. Use when writing complex type definitions, building type-safe libraries, or solving \"how do I type this?\" problems."
-version: 5.0.0
-last-updated: 2026-09-13
-skills:
-  - clean-code
-  - data-validation-schemas
-  - lint-and-validate
-tools: Read, Grep, Glob, Bash, Edit, Write
-scripts-binding:
-  - .agent/scripts/lint_runner.js
-  - .agent/scripts/verify_all.js
----
-
-# Advanced TypeScript — Type-Level Mastery
-
----
-
-## 🛠️ Technical Architecture & Reference Recipes
-
----
-
-## 2026 TypeScript Performance & Compiler Invariants
-
-1. **Explicit Return Types on Exports (`isolatedDeclarations`)**: Always add explicit return types to exported functions/methods for fast, parallel build compilation.
-2. **Interface Extension Over Deep Intersections**: Use `interface B extends A` instead of `type B = A & { ... }`. Interfaces are cached by TS compiler's internal type-checker, preventing quadratic build slowdowns.
-3. **Safe Indexed Access**: Handle `undefined` when reading objects/arrays under `noUncheckedIndexedAccess`.
-4. **Const Type Parameters**: Use `function parse<const T>(val: T)` to preserve literal types without requiring the caller to write `as const`.
-
-## Hallucination Traps (Read First)
-
-- ❌ Using `as any` to silence type errors -> ✅ Fix the type or use `unknown` + type guard; `as any` masks runtime errors
-- ❌ Using deep recursive conditional types that trigger `Type instantiation is excessively deep` -> ✅ Use iteration or flat lookup tables
-- ❌ Overusing `type X = A & B & C & D` -> ✅ Use `interface` extension to preserve compiler performance
-- ❌ Manual `x is T` when TS 5.5+ infers the predicate -> ✅ Write natural predicate functions without unnecessary type assertion casts
-
----
-
-## Generics with Constraints
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ Constrained generics — T must have an id
-function findById<T extends { id: string }>(items: T[], id: string): T | undefined {
-  return items.find(item => item.id === id);
-}
-
-// ✅ Multiple constraints
-function merge<T extends object, U extends object>(a: T, b: U): T & U {
-  return { ...a, ...b };
-}
-
-// ✅ keyof constraint — K must be a key of T
-function getProperty<T, K extends keyof T>(obj: T, key: K): T[K] {
-  return obj[key];
-}
-
-const user = { name: 'Alice', age: 30 };
-const name = getProperty(user, 'name'); // type: string
-const age = getProperty(user, 'age'); // type: number
-// getProperty(user, "email");           // ❌ Compile error — "email" not in keyof
-
-// ✅ Default generic parameters
-function createState<T = string>(initial: T): { value: T; set: (v: T) => void } {
-  let value = initial;
-  return {
-    value,
-    set: v => {
-      value = v;
-    },
-  };
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Discriminated Unions (The Most Useful Pattern)
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ Tagged unions — TypeScript narrows automatically
-type Result<T, E = Error> =
-  | { success: true; data: T }
-  | { success: false; error: E };
-
-function divide(a: number, b: number): Result<number, string> {
-  if (b === 0) return { success: false, error: "Division by zero" };
-  return { success: true, data: a / b };
-}
-
-const result = divide(10, 3);
-if (result.success) {
-  console.log(result.data);   // TypeScript KNOWS data exists
-} else {
-  console.log(result.error);  // TypeScript KNOWS error exists
-}
-
-// ✅ State machines with discriminated unions
-type RequestState<T> =
-  | { status: "idle" }
-  | { status: "loading" }
-  | { status: "success"; data: T }
-  | { status: "error"; error: Error };
-
-function renderUser(state: RequestState<User>) {
-  switch (state.status) {
-    case "idle":    return <p>Click to load</p>;
-    case "loading": return <Spinner />;
-    case "success": return <UserCard user={state.data} />;
-    case "error":   return <ErrorBanner error={state.error} />;
-  }
-}
-// ✅ TypeScript ensures ALL cases are handled (exhaustive checking)
-```
-
----
-
-## Conditional Types
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ Type-level if/else
-type IsString<T> = T extends string ? true : false;
-
-type A = IsString<'hello'>; // true
-type B = IsString<42>; // false
-
-// ✅ Extract return type of async functions
-type UnwrapPromise<T> = T extends Promise<infer U> ? U : T;
-
-type UserData = UnwrapPromise<Promise<{ name: string }>>;
-// → { name: string }
-
-// ✅ Practical: API response type extraction
-type ApiResponse<T> = T extends (...args: any[]) => Promise<infer R> ? R : never;
-
-declare function getUsers(): Promise<User[]>;
-type Users = ApiResponse<typeof getUsers>; // User[]
-
-// ✅ Distributive conditional types
-type NonNullable<T> = T extends null | undefined ? never : T;
-
-type Clean = NonNullable<string | null | undefined>; // string
-```
-
----
-
-## Mapped Types
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ Transform every property of a type
-type Readonly<T> = { readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] };
-type Partial<T> = { [K in keyof T]?: T[K] };
-type Required<T> = { [K in keyof T]-?: T[K] };
-
-// ✅ Practical: Create a "form touched" state
-type TouchedFields<T> = { [K in keyof T]: boolean };
-
-interface LoginForm {
-  email: string;
-  password: string;
-}
-
-type LoginTouched = TouchedFields<LoginForm>;
-// → { email: boolean; password: boolean }
-
-// ✅ Key remapping with `as`
-type Getters<T> = {
-  [K in keyof T as `get${Capitalize<string & K>}`]: () => T[K];
-};
-
-type UserGetters = Getters<{ name: string; age: number }>;
-// → { getName: () => string; getAge: () => number }
-
-// ✅ Filter keys by value type
-type StringKeys<T> = {
-  [K in keyof T as T[K] extends string ? K : never]: T[K];
-};
-
-type OnlyStrings = StringKeys<{ name: string; age: number; email: string }>;
-// → { name: string; email: string }
-```
-
----
-
-## Template Literal Types
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ Type-safe string patterns
-type HTTPMethod = 'GET' | 'POST' | 'PUT' | 'DELETE';
-type APIRoute = `/api/${string}`;
-type EventName = `on${Capitalize<string>}`;
-
-// ✅ Practical: CSS unit types
-type CSSUnit = 'px' | 'rem' | 'em' | 'vh' | 'vw' | '%';
-type CSSValue = `${number}${CSSUnit}`;
-
-const width: CSSValue = '100px'; // ✅
-// const bad: CSSValue = "100";     // ❌ Compile error
-
-// ✅ Route parameter extraction
-type ExtractParams<T extends string> = T extends `${string}:${infer Param}/${infer Rest}`
-  ? Param | ExtractParams<Rest>
-  : T extends `${string}:${infer Param}`
-    ? Param
-    : never;
-
-type UserRouteParams = ExtractParams<'/users/:userId/posts/:postId'>;
-// → "userId" | "postId"
-```
-
----
-
-## The `satisfies` Operator (TS 5.0+)
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ satisfies checks the type WITHOUT widening it
-type ColorMap = Record<string, [number, number, number] | string>;
-
-// With `as` — loses specificity
-const colorsAs = {
-  red: [255, 0, 0],
-  green: '#00ff00',
-} as ColorMap;
-colorsAs.red.map(x => x); // ❌ Error: string | number[] has no .map
-
-// With `satisfies` — keeps literal types
-const colors = {
-  red: [255, 0, 0],
-  green: '#00ff00',
-} satisfies ColorMap;
-colors.red.map(x => x); // ✅ TypeScript knows it's a tuple
-colors.green.toUpperCase(); // ✅ TypeScript knows it's a string
-```
-
----
-
-## Branded / Nominal Types
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ Prevent accidental mixing of same-shaped types
-type UserId = string & { readonly __brand: "UserId" };
-type OrderId = string & { readonly __brand: "OrderId" };
-
-function createUserId(id: string): UserId { return id as UserId; }
-function createOrderId(id: string): OrderId { return id as OrderId; }
-
-function getUser(id: UserId): Promise<User> { ... }
-
-const userId = createUserId("user_123");
-const orderId = createOrderId("order_456");
-
-getUser(userId);   // ✅ Correct
-// getUser(orderId);  // ❌ Compile error — OrderId is not UserId
-
-// ✅ Branded number types
-type Cents = number & { readonly __brand: "Cents" };
-type Dollars = number & { readonly __brand: "Dollars" };
-
-function centsToDollars(cents: Cents): Dollars {
-  return (cents / 100) as Dollars;
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Utility Types (Know the Built-ins)
-
-```typescript
-// Don't reimplement what TypeScript provides
-
-Pick<T, K>; // Select specific keys
-Omit<T, K>; // Remove specific keys
-Partial<T>; // All properties optional
-Required<T>; // All properties required
-Readonly<T>; // All properties readonly
-Record<K, V>; // Object with keys K and values V
-Extract<T, U>; // Members of T assignable to U
-Exclude<T, U>; // Members of T NOT assignable to U
-NonNullable<T>; // Remove null and undefined
-ReturnType<T>; // Return type of a function
-Parameters<T>; // Parameter types of a function as tuple
-Awaited<T>; // Unwrap Promise<T> recursively
-```
-
----
-
-## Anti-Patterns
-
-```
-❌ `as any` — hides runtime crashes. Fix the type or use `as unknown as T` with a comment.
-❌ `// @ts-ignore` — use `// @ts-expect-error` with a reason comment instead.
-❌ `interface` for unions — interfaces can't express `A | B`. Use `type`.
-❌ Overusing generics — if <T> is only used once, you probably don't need it.
-❌ `enum` for new code — use `as const` objects or union types instead.
-❌ Type assertions in tests — use proper type guards or schema validation.
-❌ `!` (non-null assertion) — it's a lie. Use optional chaining or narrowing.
-```
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ BAD: Non-null assertion
-const element = document.getElementById('app')!;
-
-// ✅ GOOD: Narrowing
-const element = document.getElementById('app');
-if (!element) throw new Error('Missing #app element');
-// element is now guaranteed non-null
-```
+---
+name: typescript-advanced
+description: "Use when Advanced TypeScript mastery. Generics with constraints, conditional types, mapped types, template literal types, the satisfies operator, discriminated unions, branded/nominal types, type-level programming, utility type internals, variance annotations, module augmentation, and declaration merging. Use when writing complex type definitions, building type-safe libraries, or solving \"how do I type this?\" problems."
+version: 5.0.0
+last-updated: 2026-09-13
+skills:
+  - clean-code
+  - data-validation-schemas
+  - lint-and-validate
+tools: Read, Grep, Glob, Bash, Edit, Write
+scripts-binding:
+  - .agent/scripts/lint_runner.js
+  - .agent/scripts/verify_all.js
+---
+
+# Advanced TypeScript — Type-Level Mastery
+
+---
+
+## 🛠️ Technical Architecture & Reference Recipes
+
+---
+
+## 2026 TypeScript Performance & Compiler Invariants
+
+1. **Explicit Return Types on Exports (`isolatedDeclarations`)**: Always add explicit return types to exported functions/methods for fast, parallel build compilation.
+2. **Interface Extension Over Deep Intersections**: Use `interface B extends A` instead of `type B = A & { ... }`. Interfaces are cached by TS compiler's internal type-checker, preventing quadratic build slowdowns.
+3. **Safe Indexed Access**: Handle `undefined` when reading objects/arrays under `noUncheckedIndexedAccess`.
+4. **Const Type Parameters**: Use `function parse<const T>(val: T)` to preserve literal types without requiring the caller to write `as const`.
+
+## Hallucination Traps (Read First)
+
+- ❌ Using `as any` to silence type errors -> ✅ Fix the type or use `unknown` + type guard; `as any` masks runtime errors
+- ❌ Using deep recursive conditional types that trigger `Type instantiation is excessively deep` -> ✅ Use iteration or flat lookup tables
+- ❌ Overusing `type X = A & B & C & D` -> ✅ Use `interface` extension to preserve compiler performance
+- ❌ Manual `x is T` when TS 5.5+ infers the predicate -> ✅ Write natural predicate functions without unnecessary type assertion casts
+
+---
+
+## Generics with Constraints
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Constrained generics — T must have an id
+function findById<T extends { id: string }>(items: T[], id: string): T | undefined {
+  return items.find(item => item.id === id);
+}
+
+// ✅ Multiple constraints
+function merge<T extends object, U extends object>(a: T, b: U): T & U {
+  return { ...a, ...b };
+}
+
+// ✅ keyof constraint — K must be a key of T
+function getProperty<T, K extends keyof T>(obj: T, key: K): T[K] {
+  return obj[key];
+}
+
+const user = { name: 'Alice', age: 30 };
+const name = getProperty(user, 'name'); // type: string
+const age = getProperty(user, 'age'); // type: number
+// getProperty(user, "email");           // ❌ Compile error — "email" not in keyof
+
+// ✅ Default generic parameters
+function createState<T = string>(initial: T): { value: T; set: (v: T) => void } {
+  let value = initial;
+  return {
+    value,
+    set: v => {
+      value = v;
+    },
+  };
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Discriminated Unions (The Most Useful Pattern)
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Tagged unions — TypeScript narrows automatically
+type Result<T, E = Error> =
+  | { success: true; data: T }
+  | { success: false; error: E };
+
+function divide(a: number, b: number): Result<number, string> {
+  if (b === 0) return { success: false, error: "Division by zero" };
+  return { success: true, data: a / b };
+}
+
+const result = divide(10, 3);
+if (result.success) {
+  console.log(result.data);   // TypeScript KNOWS data exists
+} else {
+  console.log(result.error);  // TypeScript KNOWS error exists
+}
+
+// ✅ State machines with discriminated unions
+type RequestState<T> =
+  | { status: "idle" }
+  | { status: "loading" }
+  | { status: "success"; data: T }
+  | { status: "error"; error: Error };
+
+function renderUser(state: RequestState<User>) {
+  switch (state.status) {
+    case "idle":    return <p>Click to load</p>;
+    case "loading": return <Spinner />;
+    case "success": return <UserCard user={state.data} />;
+    case "error":   return <ErrorBanner error={state.error} />;
+  }
+}
+// ✅ TypeScript ensures ALL cases are handled (exhaustive checking)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Conditional Types
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Type-level if/else
+type IsString<T> = T extends string ? true : false;
+
+type A = IsString<'hello'>; // true
+type B = IsString<42>; // false
+
+// ✅ Extract return type of async functions
+type UnwrapPromise<T> = T extends Promise<infer U> ? U : T;
+
+type UserData = UnwrapPromise<Promise<{ name: string }>>;
+// → { name: string }
+
+// ✅ Practical: API response type extraction
+type ApiResponse<T> = T extends (...args: any[]) => Promise<infer R> ? R : never;
+
+declare function getUsers(): Promise<User[]>;
+type Users = ApiResponse<typeof getUsers>; // User[]
+
+// ✅ Distributive conditional types
+type NonNullable<T> = T extends null | undefined ? never : T;
+
+type Clean = NonNullable<string | null | undefined>; // string
+```
+
+---
+
+## Mapped Types
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Transform every property of a type
+type Readonly<T> = { readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] };
+type Partial<T> = { [K in keyof T]?: T[K] };
+type Required<T> = { [K in keyof T]-?: T[K] };
+
+// ✅ Practical: Create a "form touched" state
+type TouchedFields<T> = { [K in keyof T]: boolean };
+
+interface LoginForm {
+  email: string;
+  password: string;
+}
+
+type LoginTouched = TouchedFields<LoginForm>;
+// → { email: boolean; password: boolean }
+
+// ✅ Key remapping with `as`
+type Getters<T> = {
+  [K in keyof T as `get${Capitalize<string & K>}`]: () => T[K];
+};
+
+type UserGetters = Getters<{ name: string; age: number }>;
+// → { getName: () => string; getAge: () => number }
+
+// ✅ Filter keys by value type
+type StringKeys<T> = {
+  [K in keyof T as T[K] extends string ? K : never]: T[K];
+};
+
+type OnlyStrings = StringKeys<{ name: string; age: number; email: string }>;
+// → { name: string; email: string }
+```
+
+---
+
+## Template Literal Types
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Type-safe string patterns
+type HTTPMethod = 'GET' | 'POST' | 'PUT' | 'DELETE';
+type APIRoute = `/api/${string}`;
+type EventName = `on${Capitalize<string>}`;
+
+// ✅ Practical: CSS unit types
+type CSSUnit = 'px' | 'rem' | 'em' | 'vh' | 'vw' | '%';
+type CSSValue = `${number}${CSSUnit}`;
+
+const width: CSSValue = '100px'; // ✅
+// const bad: CSSValue = "100";     // ❌ Compile error
+
+// ✅ Route parameter extraction
+type ExtractParams<T extends string> = T extends `${string}:${infer Param}/${infer Rest}`
+  ? Param | ExtractParams<Rest>
+  : T extends `${string}:${infer Param}`
+    ? Param
+    : never;
+
+type UserRouteParams = ExtractParams<'/users/:userId/posts/:postId'>;
+// → "userId" | "postId"
+```
+
+---
+
+## The `satisfies` Operator (TS 5.0+)
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ satisfies checks the type WITHOUT widening it
+type ColorMap = Record<string, [number, number, number] | string>;
+
+// With `as` — loses specificity
+const colorsAs = {
+  red: [255, 0, 0],
+  green: '#00ff00',
+} as ColorMap;
+colorsAs.red.map(x => x); // ❌ Error: string | number[] has no .map
+
+// With `satisfies` — keeps literal types
+const colors = {
+  red: [255, 0, 0],
+  green: '#00ff00',
+} satisfies ColorMap;
+colors.red.map(x => x); // ✅ TypeScript knows it's a tuple
+colors.green.toUpperCase(); // ✅ TypeScript knows it's a string
+```
+
+---
+
+## Branded / Nominal Types
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Prevent accidental mixing of same-shaped types
+type UserId = string & { readonly __brand: "UserId" };
+type OrderId = string & { readonly __brand: "OrderId" };
+
+function createUserId(id: string): UserId { return id as UserId; }
+function createOrderId(id: string): OrderId { return id as OrderId; }
+
+function getUser(id: UserId): Promise<User> { ... }
+
+const userId = createUserId("user_123");
+const orderId = createOrderId("order_456");
+
+getUser(userId);   // ✅ Correct
+// getUser(orderId);  // ❌ Compile error — OrderId is not UserId
+
+// ✅ Branded number types
+type Cents = number & { readonly __brand: "Cents" };
+type Dollars = number & { readonly __brand: "Dollars" };
+
+function centsToDollars(cents: Cents): Dollars {
+  return (cents / 100) as Dollars;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Utility Types (Know the Built-ins)
+
+```typescript
+// Don't reimplement what TypeScript provides
+
+Pick<T, K>; // Select specific keys
+Omit<T, K>; // Remove specific keys
+Partial<T>; // All properties optional
+Required<T>; // All properties required
+Readonly<T>; // All properties readonly
+Record<K, V>; // Object with keys K and values V
+Extract<T, U>; // Members of T assignable to U
+Exclude<T, U>; // Members of T NOT assignable to U
+NonNullable<T>; // Remove null and undefined
+ReturnType<T>; // Return type of a function
+Parameters<T>; // Parameter types of a function as tuple
+Awaited<T>; // Unwrap Promise<T> recursively
+```
+
+---
+
+## Anti-Patterns
+
+```
+❌ `as any` — hides runtime crashes. Fix the type or use `as unknown as T` with a comment.
+❌ `// @ts-ignore` — use `// @ts-expect-error` with a reason comment instead.
+❌ `interface` for unions — interfaces can't express `A | B`. Use `type`.
+❌ Overusing generics — if <T> is only used once, you probably don't need it.
+❌ `enum` for new code — use `as const` objects or union types instead.
+❌ Type assertions in tests — use proper type guards or schema validation.
+❌ `!` (non-null assertion) — it's a lie. Use optional chaining or narrowing.
+```
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ BAD: Non-null assertion
+const element = document.getElementById('app')!;
+
+// ✅ GOOD: Narrowing
+const element = document.getElementById('app');
+if (!element) throw new Error('Missing #app element');
+// element is now guaranteed non-null
+```