toolfunnel 0.7.0 → 0.7.1

package/src/extend/create-tool.md

@@ -1,168 +1,168 @@
-# How to add a tool (self-extension)
-
-This is the instruction served by `toolfunnel_howto({ topic: "create-tool" })`. It tells you - the
-model - how to add a new tool to the register so it becomes callable through `toolfunnel_run_tool`
-(and listable via `toolfunnel_list_tools` / `toolfunnel_tool_instructions`). No restart is needed: a
-running gateway watches `tools.register.json` and hot-reloads its register on change (debounced
-~150 ms), the same way `mcp/expose.json` and the hook files reload.
-
-A tool is exactly two things:
-1. **A register entry** in `tools/tools.register.json` (structured metadata + how to invoke it).
-2. **A script** under `tools/scripts/` that the entry's `invoke` points at (only for
-   `invoke.type === "script"`; a `shell` tool needs no file).
-
----
-
-## 1. The register entry shape
-
-`tools.register.json` is a JSON file with one top-level array of entries. Each entry:
-
-```json
-{
-  "id": "echo-upper",
-  "name": "Echo Upper",
-  "summary": "Uppercases the supplied text and echoes it back.",
-  "category": "demo",
-  "instructions": "Pass { text: string }. Returns the text uppercased. Use this only as a sanity check of the run path.",
-  "inputSchema": {
-    "type": "object",
-    "properties": { "text": { "type": "string", "description": "The text to uppercase." } },
-    "required": ["text"],
-    "additionalProperties": false
-  },
-  "invoke": { "type": "script", "path": "scripts/echo-upper.sh" }
-}
-```
-
-A third shape exists - the **reference-mode** tool. It has `"mode": "reference"`, NO `invoke`
-and no script: its `instructions` ARE the tool. Running it hands the instructions back to the
-caller (still through the PreToolUse gate - a deny withholds them) instead of executing anything
-server-side. Use it for run-it-yourself recipes: a CLI invocation the agent should run in its own
-environment, a checklist, a procedure.
-
-```json
-{
-  "id": "deploy-runbook",
-  "name": "Deploy Runbook",
-  "summary": "Step-by-step deploy procedure for this project.",
-  "mode": "reference",
-  "instructions": "1. npm test - suite must be green. 2. npm run build. 3. ..."
-}
-```
-
-Field-by-field - these names are fixed (registry.js reads exactly these):
-
-| Field | Type | Meaning |
-|---|---|---|
-| `id` | string | Stable unique key, kebab-case. `toolfunnel_run_tool({ name })` and `registry.run(id, args)` look up by this. Never reuse an existing `id`. |
-| `name` | string | Human/model-facing display name. Shown in the manager UI. |
-| `summary` | string | One line. This is ALL that `toolfunnel_list_tools` returns for the tool - keep it tight and discriminating so the model can pick the right tool from the brief alone. |
-| `category` | string | Grouping label (e.g. `demo`, `memory`, `messaging`, `media`). Used by `toolfunnel_list_tools({ category })` to filter. |
-| `instructions` | string | Full usage doc returned by `toolfunnel_tool_instructions({ name })`. Describe the args object, what comes back, and any safety caveats. This is the long-tail payload - be complete here, terse in `summary`. |
-| `inputSchema` | object (optional) | A JSON Schema for the tool's args. **This is what makes the tool a first-class MCP citizen when promoted hot:** the top-level `tools/list` advertises it VERBATIM, so a connected client knows the exact arg shape without reading `instructions`. Omit it and a hot-promoted tool falls back to a free-form `{ "type": "object" }` (callable, but the client gets no arg hints). Must be an object - the register rejects any other shape at authoring time. |
-| `invoke` | object | How `run` executes the tool. See below. |
-
-### The `invoke` object - two forms
-
-```json
-{ "type": "script", "path": "scripts/echo-upper.sh" }
-```
-- `type: "script"` - run a file under `tools/scripts/`. `path` is **relative to `tools/`**
-  and MUST stay inside `tools/scripts/` (registry.js path-guards it, same defense-in-depth as the
-  hook loader's `writeScript`). The args object is delivered to the script (e.g. as a JSON blob on
-  stdin or argv per the registry's convention) and the script's stdout is the tool output.
-
-```json
-{ "type": "shell", "command": "node \"${TOOLS_DIR}/scripts/echo-upper.js\"" }
-```
-- `type: "shell"` - run a command line. `${TOOLS_DIR}` expands to the absolute `tools` path at run
-  time (mirrors `${HOOKS_DIR}` in the hook manifest). Prefer `script` for anything reusable; reserve
-  `shell` for thin one-liners.
-
-> Isolation rule: an `invoke` must only reference scripts/commands that live **inside the gateway's
-> own tree**. Never point `invoke` at a live tool that lives outside it (e.g. in a host's external
-> tool directory). If you want an external tool's behaviour, clone its script into
-> `tools/scripts/` first, then point at the clone.
-
----
-
-## 2. Where the script goes
-
-```
-tools/
-  tools.register.json    # the entries (above)
-  scripts/               # your tool scripts live HERE and nowhere else
-    echo-upper.sh
-```
-
-(`registry.js` - the engine that loads/persists the register and runs list/instructions/run - is
-NOT user content. It lives in `src/tools/registry.js` and is not part of this tree.)
-
-The script reads its arguments (the `args` object passed to `run`) and writes its result to stdout.
-Exit non-zero with a message on stderr to signal failure - the registry surfaces that as the tool's
-error. Keep scripts pure and side-effect-honest: anything destructive is exactly what the PreToolUse
-gate exists to catch (next section).
-
----
-
-## 3. How `run` works - and why it is gated
-
-`toolfunnel_run_tool({ name, args })` does **not** execute the script directly. It calls
-`registry.run(id, args)`, which routes the call through the gateway's **hook engine** before - and after -
-the tool actually runs:
-
-```
-toolfunnel_run_tool(name, args)
-        │
-        ▼
-  registry.run(id, args)
-        │
-        ├─► hookEngine.fire("PreToolUse", ctx, { tool_name, tool_input: args })
-        │        └─ if result.blocked  → STOP. Return { ok:false, error: <reason> }. Script never runs.
-        │
-        ├─► execute the invoke (script/shell) only if NOT blocked
-        │
-        └─► hookEngine.fire("PostToolUse", ctx, { tool_name, tool_input: args, tool_response })
-                 └─ feedback only; the tool already ran (cannot un-run it)
-```
-
-- **The PreToolUse gate is the whole safety case.** A hook denies a call by returning, on exit 0,
-  `{ "hookSpecificOutput": { "hookEventName": "PreToolUse", "permissionDecision": "deny",
-  "permissionDecisionReason": "..." } }` - OR by `exit 2` with the reason on stderr. (PreToolUse uses
-  `permissionDecision`, NOT a top-level `decision` . When that fires,
-  `run` returns an error result and the script is never spawned.
-- `permissionDecision: "allow"` passes; `"ask"` is non-blocking in the autonomous host (no
-  interactive prompt) - the reason is captured but the tool proceeds.
-- The result shape `run` returns matches the meta-tool contract: `{ ok, output, error? }`.
-
-So adding a tool grants real power, but every invocation is mediated by the same gate that protects
-every other tool. If your new tool is dangerous, the correct control is a PreToolUse hook that
-matches its `tool_name` (see `toolfunnel_howto({ topic: "add-hook" })`), not omitting the tool.
-
----
-
-## 4. Steps to add a tool
-
-1. Pick a unique `id` (check `toolfunnel_list_tools` first so you don't collide).
-2. If `invoke.type === "script"`, write the script into `tools/scripts/<id>.sh` (or `.js`).
-3. Add the entry to the `tools.register.json` array (via `registry.js`'s add/edit path so the write
-   is atomic - never hand-edit and risk a torn file).
-4. Confirm with `toolfunnel_list_tools` (your `summary` appears) and `toolfunnel_tool_instructions({ name })`
-   (your `instructions` appear).
-5. Test with `toolfunnel_run_tool({ name, args })`. Verify the gate behaves: a benign call returns
-   `{ ok:true, output }`; if a matching PreToolUse hook should deny it, confirm it does.
-
-No reconnect is needed - the register is dynamic: the running gateway hot-reloads
-`tools.register.json` on change and emits `notifications/tools/list_changed`, exactly like an
-`expose.json` or hook edit.
-
----
-
-## 5. Promoting your tool to the top-level surface (the "instant MCP" recipe)
-
-By default your tool lives behind the lean meta-tools (discovered via `toolfunnel_list_tools`).
-Set `hot: true` for its id in `tools/tools.state.json` (or via the UI / `tf_tool_set`) and it is
-advertised DIRECTLY in the MCP `tools/list` - under its own `id`, with your `summary` as the
-description and your `inputSchema` as the advertised schema. Author a real `inputSchema` before
-promoting: that schema is the difference between a client calling your tool correctly first time
-and it guessing at a free-form object.
+# How to add a tool (self-extension)
+
+This is the instruction served by `toolfunnel_howto({ topic: "create-tool" })`. It tells you - the
+model - how to add a new tool to the register so it becomes callable through `toolfunnel_run_tool`
+(and listable via `toolfunnel_list_tools` / `toolfunnel_tool_instructions`). No restart is needed: a
+running gateway watches `tools.register.json` and hot-reloads its register on change (debounced
+~150 ms), the same way `mcp/expose.json` and the hook files reload.
+
+A tool is exactly two things:
+1. **A register entry** in `tools/tools.register.json` (structured metadata + how to invoke it).
+2. **A script** under `tools/scripts/` that the entry's `invoke` points at (only for
+   `invoke.type === "script"`; a `shell` tool needs no file).
+
+---
+
+## 1. The register entry shape
+
+`tools.register.json` is a JSON file with one top-level array of entries. Each entry:
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": "echo-upper",
+  "name": "Echo Upper",
+  "summary": "Uppercases the supplied text and echoes it back.",
+  "category": "demo",
+  "instructions": "Pass { text: string }. Returns the text uppercased. Use this only as a sanity check of the run path.",
+  "inputSchema": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": { "text": { "type": "string", "description": "The text to uppercase." } },
+    "required": ["text"],
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "invoke": { "type": "script", "path": "scripts/echo-upper.sh" }
+}
+```
+
+A third shape exists - the **reference-mode** tool. It has `"mode": "reference"`, NO `invoke`
+and no script: its `instructions` ARE the tool. Running it hands the instructions back to the
+caller (still through the PreToolUse gate - a deny withholds them) instead of executing anything
+server-side. Use it for run-it-yourself recipes: a CLI invocation the agent should run in its own
+environment, a checklist, a procedure.
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": "deploy-runbook",
+  "name": "Deploy Runbook",
+  "summary": "Step-by-step deploy procedure for this project.",
+  "mode": "reference",
+  "instructions": "1. npm test - suite must be green. 2. npm run build. 3. ..."
+}
+```
+
+Field-by-field - these names are fixed (registry.js reads exactly these):
+
+| Field | Type | Meaning |
+|---|---|---|
+| `id` | string | Stable unique key, kebab-case. `toolfunnel_run_tool({ name })` and `registry.run(id, args)` look up by this. Never reuse an existing `id`. |
+| `name` | string | Human/model-facing display name. Shown in the manager UI. |
+| `summary` | string | One line. This is ALL that `toolfunnel_list_tools` returns for the tool - keep it tight and discriminating so the model can pick the right tool from the brief alone. |
+| `category` | string | Grouping label (e.g. `demo`, `memory`, `messaging`, `media`). Used by `toolfunnel_list_tools({ category })` to filter. |
+| `instructions` | string | Full usage doc returned by `toolfunnel_tool_instructions({ name })`. Describe the args object, what comes back, and any safety caveats. This is the long-tail payload - be complete here, terse in `summary`. |
+| `inputSchema` | object (optional) | A JSON Schema for the tool's args. **This is what makes the tool a first-class MCP citizen when promoted hot:** the top-level `tools/list` advertises it VERBATIM, so a connected client knows the exact arg shape without reading `instructions`. Omit it and a hot-promoted tool falls back to a free-form `{ "type": "object" }` (callable, but the client gets no arg hints). Must be an object - the register rejects any other shape at authoring time. |
+| `invoke` | object | How `run` executes the tool. See below. |
+
+### The `invoke` object - two forms
+
+```json
+{ "type": "script", "path": "scripts/echo-upper.sh" }
+```
+- `type: "script"` - run a file under `tools/scripts/`. `path` is **relative to `tools/`**
+  and MUST stay inside `tools/scripts/` (registry.js path-guards it, same defense-in-depth as the
+  hook loader's `writeScript`). The args object is delivered to the script (e.g. as a JSON blob on
+  stdin or argv per the registry's convention) and the script's stdout is the tool output.
+
+```json
+{ "type": "shell", "command": "node \"${TOOLS_DIR}/scripts/echo-upper.js\"" }
+```
+- `type: "shell"` - run a command line. `${TOOLS_DIR}` expands to the absolute `tools` path at run
+  time (mirrors `${HOOKS_DIR}` in the hook manifest). Prefer `script` for anything reusable; reserve
+  `shell` for thin one-liners.
+
+> Isolation rule: an `invoke` must only reference scripts/commands that live **inside the gateway's
+> own tree**. Never point `invoke` at a live tool that lives outside it (e.g. in a host's external
+> tool directory). If you want an external tool's behaviour, clone its script into
+> `tools/scripts/` first, then point at the clone.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Where the script goes
+
+```
+tools/
+  tools.register.json    # the entries (above)
+  scripts/               # your tool scripts live HERE and nowhere else
+    echo-upper.sh
+```
+
+(`registry.js` - the engine that loads/persists the register and runs list/instructions/run - is
+NOT user content. It lives in `src/tools/registry.js` and is not part of this tree.)
+
+The script reads its arguments (the `args` object passed to `run`) and writes its result to stdout.
+Exit non-zero with a message on stderr to signal failure - the registry surfaces that as the tool's
+error. Keep scripts pure and side-effect-honest: anything destructive is exactly what the PreToolUse
+gate exists to catch (next section).
+
+---
+
+## 3. How `run` works - and why it is gated
+
+`toolfunnel_run_tool({ name, args })` does **not** execute the script directly. It calls
+`registry.run(id, args)`, which routes the call through the gateway's **hook engine** before - and after -
+the tool actually runs:
+
+```
+toolfunnel_run_tool(name, args)
+        │
+        ▼
+  registry.run(id, args)
+        │
+        ├─► hookEngine.fire("PreToolUse", ctx, { tool_name, tool_input: args })
+        │        └─ if result.blocked  → STOP. Return { ok:false, error: <reason> }. Script never runs.
+        │
+        ├─► execute the invoke (script/shell) only if NOT blocked
+        │
+        └─► hookEngine.fire("PostToolUse", ctx, { tool_name, tool_input: args, tool_response })
+                 └─ feedback only; the tool already ran (cannot un-run it)
+```
+
+- **The PreToolUse gate is the whole safety case.** A hook denies a call by returning, on exit 0,
+  `{ "hookSpecificOutput": { "hookEventName": "PreToolUse", "permissionDecision": "deny",
+  "permissionDecisionReason": "..." } }` - OR by `exit 2` with the reason on stderr. (PreToolUse uses
+  `permissionDecision`, NOT a top-level `decision` . When that fires,
+  `run` returns an error result and the script is never spawned.
+- `permissionDecision: "allow"` passes; `"ask"` is non-blocking in the autonomous host (no
+  interactive prompt) - the reason is captured but the tool proceeds.
+- The result shape `run` returns matches the meta-tool contract: `{ ok, output, error? }`.
+
+So adding a tool grants real power, but every invocation is mediated by the same gate that protects
+every other tool. If your new tool is dangerous, the correct control is a PreToolUse hook that
+matches its `tool_name` (see `toolfunnel_howto({ topic: "add-hook" })`), not omitting the tool.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Steps to add a tool
+
+1. Pick a unique `id` (check `toolfunnel_list_tools` first so you don't collide).
+2. If `invoke.type === "script"`, write the script into `tools/scripts/<id>.sh` (or `.js`).
+3. Add the entry to the `tools.register.json` array (via `registry.js`'s add/edit path so the write
+   is atomic - never hand-edit and risk a torn file).
+4. Confirm with `toolfunnel_list_tools` (your `summary` appears) and `toolfunnel_tool_instructions({ name })`
+   (your `instructions` appear).
+5. Test with `toolfunnel_run_tool({ name, args })`. Verify the gate behaves: a benign call returns
+   `{ ok:true, output }`; if a matching PreToolUse hook should deny it, confirm it does.
+
+No reconnect is needed - the register is dynamic: the running gateway hot-reloads
+`tools.register.json` on change and emits `notifications/tools/list_changed`, exactly like an
+`expose.json` or hook edit.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Promoting your tool to the top-level surface (the "instant MCP" recipe)
+
+By default your tool lives behind the lean meta-tools (discovered via `toolfunnel_list_tools`).
+Set `hot: true` for its id in `tools/tools.state.json` (or via the UI / `tf_tool_set`) and it is
+advertised DIRECTLY in the MCP `tools/list` - under its own `id`, with your `summary` as the
+description and your `inputSchema` as the advertised schema. Author a real `inputSchema` before
+promoting: that schema is the difference between a client calling your tool correctly first time
+and it guessing at a free-form object.

package/src/extend/howto.js

@@ -1,102 +1,102 @@
-'use strict';
-
-/**
- * howto.js - the loader behind the `toolfunnel_howto` meta-tool.
- *
- * `toolfunnel_howto({ topic })` returns the self-extension instructions for one topic. This module
- * resolves a topic to its authored markdown file (the topic -> file map below) and reads it.
- *
- *   howto(topic) -> string   // the markdown content for that topic
- *
- * Topics: create-tool | add-mcp | add-hook | package | wrap | configure
- * (the original four topics, plus the 0.6.0 pair - the transparent wrap and the no-code
- * config map - so a primer-less agent can learn the headline feature from inside).
- * Unknown topics THROW (the protocol layer turns that into a clean tool error, not a crash).
- *
- * Isolation: reads are confined to THIS directory (src/extend). The topic map is a fixed
- * allow-list of basenames - there is no path interpolation from the caller, so an untrusted
- * `topic` cannot traverse out of src/extend. We additionally re-verify the resolved path is
- * inside this directory (defense-in-depth, mirroring the hook loader's writeScript guard).
- *
- * CommonJS only. Node built-ins only. No transport, pure file read - unit-testable directly.
- */
-
-const fs = require('node:fs');
-const path = require('node:path');
-
-// The directory these instruction files live in (this module's own directory).
-const EXTEND_DIR = __dirname;
-
-/**
- * Fixed topic -> filename map. The set of keys IS the list of valid topics; the values are
- * plain basenames (no separators) so nothing the caller passes is ever joined into a path.
- * @type {Readonly<Record<string,string>>}
- */
-const TOPIC_FILES = Object.freeze({
-  'create-tool': 'create-tool.md',
-  'add-mcp': 'add-mcp.md',
-  'add-hook': 'add-hook.md',
-  package: 'package.md',
-  wrap: 'wrap.md',
-  configure: 'configure.md',
-});
-
-/**
- * The valid topic names, for error messages and for callers that want to enumerate
- * (e.g. the protocol layer validating args, or a UI listing the howto topics).
- * @returns {string[]}
- */
-function topics() {
-  return Object.keys(TOPIC_FILES);
-}
-
-/**
- * Resolve a topic to the instruction markdown content.
- *
- * @param {string} topic one of: create-tool | add-mcp | add-hook | package | wrap | configure
- * @returns {string} the UTF-8 markdown content of the matching file
- * @throws {Error} if `topic` is not a string, is unknown, or (defensively) resolves outside
- *                 src/extend or the file is missing.
- */
-function howto(topic) {
-  if (typeof topic !== 'string' || topic.length === 0) {
-    throw new Error(
-      `howto: topic must be a non-empty string. Known topics: ${topics().join(', ')}`
-    );
-  }
-
-  // Look up against the fixed allow-list - own property only (guards against "constructor",
-  // "__proto__", etc. resolving via the prototype chain).
-  if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(TOPIC_FILES, topic)) {
-    throw new Error(
-      `howto: unknown topic "${topic}". Known topics: ${topics().join(', ')}`
-    );
-  }
-
-  const fileName = TOPIC_FILES[topic];
-  const filePath = path.join(EXTEND_DIR, fileName);
-
-  // Defense-in-depth: confirm the resolved path is still inside EXTEND_DIR. With a fixed
-  // basename map this can never fail, but the guard documents and enforces the isolation rule.
-  const rel = path.relative(EXTEND_DIR, filePath);
-  if (rel === '' || rel.startsWith('..') || path.isAbsolute(rel)) {
-    throw new Error(`howto: refusing to read outside src/extend ("${fileName}")`);
-  }
-
-  try {
-    return fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8');
-  } catch (err) {
-    // A known topic whose file is missing is a packaging error, not an unknown-topic error.
-    throw new Error(
-      `howto: instruction file for topic "${topic}" is missing or unreadable ` +
-        `(${filePath}): ${(err && err.message) || String(err)}`
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-module.exports = {
-  howto,
-  topics,
-  TOPIC_FILES,
-  EXTEND_DIR,
-};
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * howto.js - the loader behind the `toolfunnel_howto` meta-tool.
+ *
+ * `toolfunnel_howto({ topic })` returns the self-extension instructions for one topic. This module
+ * resolves a topic to its authored markdown file (the topic -> file map below) and reads it.
+ *
+ *   howto(topic) -> string   // the markdown content for that topic
+ *
+ * Topics: create-tool | add-mcp | add-hook | package | wrap | configure
+ * (the original four topics, plus the 0.6.0 pair - the transparent wrap and the no-code
+ * config map - so a primer-less agent can learn the headline feature from inside).
+ * Unknown topics THROW (the protocol layer turns that into a clean tool error, not a crash).
+ *
+ * Isolation: reads are confined to THIS directory (src/extend). The topic map is a fixed
+ * allow-list of basenames - there is no path interpolation from the caller, so an untrusted
+ * `topic` cannot traverse out of src/extend. We additionally re-verify the resolved path is
+ * inside this directory (defense-in-depth, mirroring the hook loader's writeScript guard).
+ *
+ * CommonJS only. Node built-ins only. No transport, pure file read - unit-testable directly.
+ */
+
+const fs = require('node:fs');
+const path = require('node:path');
+
+// The directory these instruction files live in (this module's own directory).
+const EXTEND_DIR = __dirname;
+
+/**
+ * Fixed topic -> filename map. The set of keys IS the list of valid topics; the values are
+ * plain basenames (no separators) so nothing the caller passes is ever joined into a path.
+ * @type {Readonly<Record<string,string>>}
+ */
+const TOPIC_FILES = Object.freeze({
+  'create-tool': 'create-tool.md',
+  'add-mcp': 'add-mcp.md',
+  'add-hook': 'add-hook.md',
+  package: 'package.md',
+  wrap: 'wrap.md',
+  configure: 'configure.md',
+});
+
+/**
+ * The valid topic names, for error messages and for callers that want to enumerate
+ * (e.g. the protocol layer validating args, or a UI listing the howto topics).
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+function topics() {
+  return Object.keys(TOPIC_FILES);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a topic to the instruction markdown content.
+ *
+ * @param {string} topic one of: create-tool | add-mcp | add-hook | package | wrap | configure
+ * @returns {string} the UTF-8 markdown content of the matching file
+ * @throws {Error} if `topic` is not a string, is unknown, or (defensively) resolves outside
+ *                 src/extend or the file is missing.
+ */
+function howto(topic) {
+  if (typeof topic !== 'string' || topic.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `howto: topic must be a non-empty string. Known topics: ${topics().join(', ')}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Look up against the fixed allow-list - own property only (guards against "constructor",
+  // "__proto__", etc. resolving via the prototype chain).
+  if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(TOPIC_FILES, topic)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `howto: unknown topic "${topic}". Known topics: ${topics().join(', ')}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  const fileName = TOPIC_FILES[topic];
+  const filePath = path.join(EXTEND_DIR, fileName);
+
+  // Defense-in-depth: confirm the resolved path is still inside EXTEND_DIR. With a fixed
+  // basename map this can never fail, but the guard documents and enforces the isolation rule.
+  const rel = path.relative(EXTEND_DIR, filePath);
+  if (rel === '' || rel.startsWith('..') || path.isAbsolute(rel)) {
+    throw new Error(`howto: refusing to read outside src/extend ("${fileName}")`);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8');
+  } catch (err) {
+    // A known topic whose file is missing is a packaging error, not an unknown-topic error.
+    throw new Error(
+      `howto: instruction file for topic "${topic}" is missing or unreadable ` +
+        `(${filePath}): ${(err && err.message) || String(err)}`
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  howto,
+  topics,
+  TOPIC_FILES,
+  EXTEND_DIR,
+};