thachvd-kit 1.0.28 → 1.0.30

package/skills/nextjs-react-expert/3-server-server-side-performance.md

@@ -1,490 +0,0 @@
-# 3. Server-Side Performance
-
-> **Impact:** HIGH
-> **Focus:** Optimizing server-side rendering and data fetching eliminates server-side waterfalls and reduces response times.
-
----
-
-## Overview
-
-This section contains **7 rules** focused on server-side performance.
-
----
-
-## Rule 3.1: Authenticate Server Actions Like API Routes
-
-**Impact:** CRITICAL  
-**Tags:** server, server-actions, authentication, security, authorization  
-
-## Authenticate Server Actions Like API Routes
-
-**Impact: CRITICAL (prevents unauthorized access to server mutations)**
-
-Server Actions (functions with `"use server"`) are exposed as public endpoints, just like API routes. Always verify authentication and authorization **inside** each Server Action—do not rely solely on middleware, layout guards, or page-level checks, as Server Actions can be invoked directly.
-
-Next.js documentation explicitly states: "Treat Server Actions with the same security considerations as public-facing API endpoints, and verify if the user is allowed to perform a mutation."
-
-**Incorrect (no authentication check):**
-
-```typescript
-'use server'
-
-export async function deleteUser(userId: string) {
-  // Anyone can call this! No auth check
-  await db.user.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
-  return { success: true }
-}
-```
-
-**Correct (authentication inside the action):**
-
-```typescript
-'use server'
-
-import { verifySession } from '@/lib/auth'
-import { unauthorized } from '@/lib/errors'
-
-export async function deleteUser(userId: string) {
-  // Always check auth inside the action
-  const session = await verifySession()
-  
-  if (!session) {
-    throw unauthorized('Must be logged in')
-  }
-  
-  // Check authorization too
-  if (session.user.role !== 'admin' && session.user.id !== userId) {
-    throw unauthorized('Cannot delete other users')
-  }
-  
-  await db.user.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
-  return { success: true }
-}
-```
-
-**With input validation:**
-
-```typescript
-'use server'
-
-import { verifySession } from '@/lib/auth'
-import { z } from 'zod'
-
-const updateProfileSchema = z.object({
-  userId: z.string().uuid(),
-  name: z.string().min(1).max(100),
-  email: z.string().email()
-})
-
-export async function updateProfile(data: unknown) {
-  // Validate input first
-  const validated = updateProfileSchema.parse(data)
-  
-  // Then authenticate
-  const session = await verifySession()
-  if (!session) {
-    throw new Error('Unauthorized')
-  }
-  
-  // Then authorize
-  if (session.user.id !== validated.userId) {
-    throw new Error('Can only update own profile')
-  }
-  
-  // Finally perform the mutation
-  await db.user.update({
-    where: { id: validated.userId },
-    data: {
-      name: validated.name,
-      email: validated.email
-    }
-  })
-  
-  return { success: true }
-}
-```
-
-Reference: [https://nextjs.org/docs/app/guides/authentication](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/guides/authentication)
-
----
-
-## Rule 3.2: Avoid Duplicate Serialization in RSC Props
-
-**Impact:** LOW  
-**Tags:** server, rsc, serialization, props, client-components  
-
-## Avoid Duplicate Serialization in RSC Props
-
-**Impact: LOW (reduces network payload by avoiding duplicate serialization)**
-
-RSC→client serialization deduplicates by object reference, not value. Same reference = serialized once; new reference = serialized again. Do transformations (`.toSorted()`, `.filter()`, `.map()`) in client, not server.
-
-**Incorrect (duplicates array):**
-
-```tsx
-// RSC: sends 6 strings (2 arrays × 3 items)
-<ClientList usernames={usernames} usernamesOrdered={usernames.toSorted()} />
-```
-
-**Correct (sends 3 strings):**
-
-```tsx
-// RSC: send once
-<ClientList usernames={usernames} />
-
-// Client: transform there
-'use client'
-const sorted = useMemo(() => [...usernames].sort(), [usernames])
-```
-
-**Nested deduplication behavior:**
-
-Deduplication works recursively. Impact varies by data type:
-
-- `string[]`, `number[]`, `boolean[]`: **HIGH impact** - array + all primitives fully duplicated
-- `object[]`: **LOW impact** - array duplicated, but nested objects deduplicated by reference
-
-```tsx
-// string[] - duplicates everything
-usernames={['a','b']} sorted={usernames.toSorted()} // sends 4 strings
-
-// object[] - duplicates array structure only
-users={[{id:1},{id:2}]} sorted={users.toSorted()} // sends 2 arrays + 2 unique objects (not 4)
-```
-
-**Operations breaking deduplication (create new references):**
-
-- Arrays: `.toSorted()`, `.filter()`, `.map()`, `.slice()`, `[...arr]`
-- Objects: `{...obj}`, `Object.assign()`, `structuredClone()`, `JSON.parse(JSON.stringify())`
-
-**More examples:**
-
-```tsx
-// ❌ Bad
-<C users={users} active={users.filter(u => u.active)} />
-<C product={product} productName={product.name} />
-
-// ✅ Good
-<C users={users} />
-<C product={product} />
-// Do filtering/destructuring in client
-```
-
-**Exception:** Pass derived data when transformation is expensive or client doesn't need original.
-
----
-
-## Rule 3.3: Cross-Request LRU Caching
-
-**Impact:** HIGH  
-**Tags:** server, cache, lru, cross-request  
-
-## Cross-Request LRU Caching
-
-`React.cache()` only works within one request. For data shared across sequential requests (user clicks button A then button B), use an LRU cache.
-
-**Implementation:**
-
-```typescript
-import { LRUCache } from 'lru-cache'
-
-const cache = new LRUCache<string, any>({
-  max: 1000,
-  ttl: 5 * 60 * 1000  // 5 minutes
-})
-
-export async function getUser(id: string) {
-  const cached = cache.get(id)
-  if (cached) return cached
-
-  const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id } })
-  cache.set(id, user)
-  return user
-}
-
-// Request 1: DB query, result cached
-// Request 2: cache hit, no DB query
-```
-
-Use when sequential user actions hit multiple endpoints needing the same data within seconds.
-
-**With Vercel's [Fluid Compute](https://vercel.com/docs/fluid-compute):** LRU caching is especially effective because multiple concurrent requests can share the same function instance and cache. This means the cache persists across requests without needing external storage like Redis.
-
-**In traditional serverless:** Each invocation runs in isolation, so consider Redis for cross-process caching.
-
-Reference: [https://github.com/isaacs/node-lru-cache](https://github.com/isaacs/node-lru-cache)
-
----
-
-## Rule 3.4: Minimize Serialization at RSC Boundaries
-
-**Impact:** HIGH  
-**Tags:** server, rsc, serialization, props  
-
-## Minimize Serialization at RSC Boundaries
-
-The React Server/Client boundary serializes all object properties into strings and embeds them in the HTML response and subsequent RSC requests. This serialized data directly impacts page weight and load time, so **size matters a lot**. Only pass fields that the client actually uses.
-
-**Incorrect (serializes all 50 fields):**
-
-```tsx
-async function Page() {
-  const user = await fetchUser()  // 50 fields
-  return <Profile user={user} />
-}
-
-'use client'
-function Profile({ user }: { user: User }) {
-  return <div>{user.name}</div>  // uses 1 field
-}
-```
-
-**Correct (serializes only 1 field):**
-
-```tsx
-async function Page() {
-  const user = await fetchUser()
-  return <Profile name={user.name} />
-}
-
-'use client'
-function Profile({ name }: { name: string }) {
-  return <div>{name}</div>
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Rule 3.5: Parallel Data Fetching with Component Composition
-
-**Impact:** CRITICAL  
-**Tags:** server, rsc, parallel-fetching, composition  
-
-## Parallel Data Fetching with Component Composition
-
-React Server Components execute sequentially within a tree. Restructure with composition to parallelize data fetching.
-
-**Incorrect (Sidebar waits for Page's fetch to complete):**
-
-```tsx
-export default async function Page() {
-  const header = await fetchHeader()
-  return (
-    <div>
-      <div>{header}</div>
-      <Sidebar />
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-async function Sidebar() {
-  const items = await fetchSidebarItems()
-  return <nav>{items.map(renderItem)}</nav>
-}
-```
-
-**Correct (both fetch simultaneously):**
-
-```tsx
-async function Header() {
-  const data = await fetchHeader()
-  return <div>{data}</div>
-}
-
-async function Sidebar() {
-  const items = await fetchSidebarItems()
-  return <nav>{items.map(renderItem)}</nav>
-}
-
-export default function Page() {
-  return (
-    <div>
-      <Header />
-      <Sidebar />
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-```
-
-**Alternative with children prop:**
-
-```tsx
-async function Header() {
-  const data = await fetchHeader()
-  return <div>{data}</div>
-}
-
-async function Sidebar() {
-  const items = await fetchSidebarItems()
-  return <nav>{items.map(renderItem)}</nav>
-}
-
-function Layout({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
-  return (
-    <div>
-      <Header />
-      {children}
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-export default function Page() {
-  return (
-    <Layout>
-      <Sidebar />
-    </Layout>
-  )
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Rule 3.6: Per-Request Deduplication with React.cache()
-
-**Impact:** MEDIUM  
-**Tags:** server, cache, react-cache, deduplication  
-
-## Per-Request Deduplication with React.cache()
-
-Use `React.cache()` for server-side request deduplication. Authentication and database queries benefit most.
-
-**Usage:**
-
-```typescript
-import { cache } from 'react'
-
-export const getCurrentUser = cache(async () => {
-  const session = await auth()
-  if (!session?.user?.id) return null
-  return await db.user.findUnique({
-    where: { id: session.user.id }
-  })
-})
-```
-
-Within a single request, multiple calls to `getCurrentUser()` execute the query only once.
-
-**Avoid inline objects as arguments:**
-
-`React.cache()` uses shallow equality (`Object.is`) to determine cache hits. Inline objects create new references each call, preventing cache hits.
-
-**Incorrect (always cache miss):**
-
-```typescript
-const getUser = cache(async (params: { uid: number }) => {
-  return await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: params.uid } })
-})
-
-// Each call creates new object, never hits cache
-getUser({ uid: 1 })
-getUser({ uid: 1 })  // Cache miss, runs query again
-```
-
-**Correct (cache hit):**
-
-```typescript
-const getUser = cache(async (uid: number) => {
-  return await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: uid } })
-})
-
-// Primitive args use value equality
-getUser(1)
-getUser(1)  // Cache hit, returns cached result
-```
-
-If you must pass objects, pass the same reference:
-
-```typescript
-const params = { uid: 1 }
-getUser(params)  // Query runs
-getUser(params)  // Cache hit (same reference)
-```
-
-**Next.js-Specific Note:**
-
-In Next.js, the `fetch` API is automatically extended with request memoization. Requests with the same URL and options are automatically deduplicated within a single request, so you don't need `React.cache()` for `fetch` calls. However, `React.cache()` is still essential for other async tasks:
-
-- Database queries (Prisma, Drizzle, etc.)
-- Heavy computations
-- Authentication checks
-- File system operations
-- Any non-fetch async work
-
-Use `React.cache()` to deduplicate these operations across your component tree.
-
-Reference: [React.cache documentation](https://react.dev/reference/react/cache)
-
----
-
-## Rule 3.7: Use after() for Non-Blocking Operations
-
-**Impact:** MEDIUM  
-**Tags:** server, async, logging, analytics, side-effects  
-
-## Use after() for Non-Blocking Operations
-
-Use Next.js's `after()` to schedule work that should execute after a response is sent. This prevents logging, analytics, and other side effects from blocking the response.
-
-**Incorrect (blocks response):**
-
-```tsx
-import { logUserAction } from '@/app/utils'
-
-export async function POST(request: Request) {
-  // Perform mutation
-  await updateDatabase(request)
-  
-  // Logging blocks the response
-  const userAgent = request.headers.get('user-agent') || 'unknown'
-  await logUserAction({ userAgent })
-  
-  return new Response(JSON.stringify({ status: 'success' }), {
-    status: 200,
-    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
-  })
-}
-```
-
-**Correct (non-blocking):**
-
-```tsx
-import { after } from 'next/server'
-import { headers, cookies } from 'next/headers'
-import { logUserAction } from '@/app/utils'
-
-export async function POST(request: Request) {
-  // Perform mutation
-  await updateDatabase(request)
-  
-  // Log after response is sent
-  after(async () => {
-    const userAgent = (await headers()).get('user-agent') || 'unknown'
-    const sessionCookie = (await cookies()).get('session-id')?.value || 'anonymous'
-    
-    logUserAction({ sessionCookie, userAgent })
-  })
-  
-  return new Response(JSON.stringify({ status: 'success' }), {
-    status: 200,
-    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
-  })
-}
-```
-
-The response is sent immediately while logging happens in the background.
-
-**Common use cases:**
-
-- Analytics tracking
-- Audit logging
-- Sending notifications
-- Cache invalidation
-- Cleanup tasks
-
-**Important notes:**
-
-- `after()` runs even if the response fails or redirects
-- Works in Server Actions, Route Handlers, and Server Components
-
-Reference: [https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/functions/after](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/functions/after)
-