superacli 1.1.6 → 1.1.7

package/ref-monty/crates/monty/src/fstring.rs

@@ -1,854 +0,0 @@
-//! F-string type definitions and formatting functions.
-//!
-//! This module contains the AST types for f-strings (formatted string literals)
-//! and the runtime formatting functions used by the bytecode VM.
-//!
-//! F-strings can contain literal text and interpolated expressions with optional
-//! conversion flags (`!s`, `!r`, `!a`) and format specifications.
-
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
-use crate::{
-    bytecode::VM,
-    exception_private::{ExcType, RunError, SimpleException},
-    expressions::ExprLoc,
-    intern::StringId,
-    resource::ResourceTracker,
-    types::{PyTrait, Type},
-    value::Value,
-};
-
-// ============================================================================
-// F-string type definitions
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// Conversion flags for f-string interpolations.
-///
-/// These control how the value is converted to string before formatting:
-/// - `None`: Use default string conversion (equivalent to `str()`)
-/// - `Str` (`!s`): Explicitly call `str()`
-/// - `Repr` (`!r`): Call `repr()` for debugging representation
-/// - `Ascii` (`!a`): Call `ascii()` for ASCII-safe representation
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub enum ConversionFlag {
-    #[default]
-    None,
-    /// `!s` - convert using `str()`
-    Str,
-    /// `!r` - convert using `repr()`
-    Repr,
-    /// `!a` - convert using `ascii()` (escapes non-ASCII characters)
-    Ascii,
-}
-
-/// A single part of an f-string.
-///
-/// F-strings are composed of literal text segments and interpolated expressions.
-/// For example, `f"Hello {name}!"` has three parts:
-/// - `Literal(interned_hello)` (StringId for "Hello ")
-/// - `Interpolation { expr: name, ... }`
-/// - `Literal(interned_exclaim)` (StringId for "!")
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub enum FStringPart {
-    /// Literal text segment (e.g., "Hello " in `f"Hello {name}"`)
-    /// The StringId references the interned string in the Interns table.
-    Literal(StringId),
-    /// Interpolated expression with optional conversion and format spec
-    Interpolation {
-        /// The expression to evaluate
-        expr: Box<ExprLoc>,
-        /// Conversion flag: `None`, `!s` (str), `!r` (repr), `!a` (ascii)
-        conversion: ConversionFlag,
-        /// Optional format specification (can contain nested interpolations)
-        format_spec: Option<FormatSpec>,
-        /// Debug prefix for `=` specifier (e.g., "a=" for f'{a=}', " a = " for f'{ a = }').
-        /// When present, this text is prepended to the output and repr conversion is used
-        /// by default (unless an explicit conversion is specified).
-        debug_prefix: Option<StringId>,
-    },
-}
-
-/// Format specification for f-string interpolations.
-///
-/// Can be either a pre-parsed static spec or contain nested interpolations.
-/// For example:
-/// - `f"{value:>10}"` has `FormatSpec::Static(ParsedFormatSpec { ... })`
-/// - `f"{value:{width}}"` has `FormatSpec::Dynamic` with the `width` variable
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub enum FormatSpec {
-    /// Pre-parsed static format spec (e.g., ">10s", ".2f")
-    ///
-    /// Parsing happens at parse time to avoid runtime string parsing overhead.
-    /// Invalid specs cause a parse error immediately.
-    Static(ParsedFormatSpec),
-    /// Dynamic format spec with nested f-string parts
-    ///
-    /// These must be evaluated at runtime, then parsed into a `ParsedFormatSpec`.
-    Dynamic(Vec<FStringPart>),
-}
-
-/// Parsed format specification following Python's format mini-language.
-///
-/// Format: `[[fill]align][sign][z][#][0][width][grouping_option][.precision][type]`
-///
-/// This struct is parsed at parse time for static format specs, avoiding runtime
-/// string parsing. For dynamic format specs, parsing happens after evaluation.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub struct ParsedFormatSpec {
-    /// Fill character for padding (default: space)
-    pub fill: char,
-    /// Alignment: '<' (left), '>' (right), '^' (center), '=' (sign-aware)
-    pub align: Option<char>,
-    /// Sign handling: '+' (always), '-' (negative only), ' ' (space for positive)
-    pub sign: Option<char>,
-    /// Whether to zero-pad numbers
-    pub zero_pad: bool,
-    /// Minimum field width
-    pub width: usize,
-    /// Precision for floats or max width for strings
-    pub precision: Option<usize>,
-    /// Type character: 's', 'd', 'f', 'e', 'g', etc.
-    pub type_char: Option<char>,
-}
-
-impl FromStr for ParsedFormatSpec {
-    type Err = String;
-
-    /// Parses a format specification string into its components.
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the specifier contains invalid or unrecognized characters.
-    /// The error includes the original specifier for use in error messages.
-    fn from_str(spec: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        if spec.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(Self {
-                fill: ' ',
-                ..Default::default()
-            });
-        }
-
-        let mut result = Self {
-            fill: ' ',
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let mut chars = spec.chars().peekable();
-
-        // Parse fill and align: [[fill]align]
-        let first = chars.peek().copied();
-        let second_pos = spec.chars().nth(1);
-
-        if let Some(second) = second_pos {
-            if matches!(second, '<' | '>' | '^' | '=') {
-                // First char is fill, second is align
-                result.fill = first.unwrap_or(' ');
-                chars.next();
-                result.align = chars.next();
-            } else if matches!(first, Some('<' | '>' | '^' | '=')) {
-                result.align = chars.next();
-            }
-        } else if matches!(first, Some('<' | '>' | '^' | '=')) {
-            result.align = chars.next();
-        }
-
-        // Parse sign: +, -, or space
-        if matches!(chars.peek(), Some('+' | '-' | ' ')) {
-            result.sign = chars.next();
-        }
-
-        // Skip '#' (alternate form) for now
-        if chars.peek() == Some(&'#') {
-            chars.next();
-        }
-
-        // Parse zero-padding flag (must come before width)
-        if chars.peek() == Some(&'0') {
-            result.zero_pad = true;
-            chars.next();
-        }
-
-        // Parse width
-        let mut width_str = String::new();
-        while let Some(&c) = chars.peek() {
-            if c.is_ascii_digit() {
-                width_str.push(c);
-                chars.next();
-            } else {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if !width_str.is_empty() {
-            result.width = width_str.parse().unwrap_or(0);
-        }
-
-        // Skip grouping option (comma or underscore)
-        if matches!(chars.peek(), Some(',' | '_')) {
-            chars.next();
-        }
-
-        // Parse precision: .N
-        if chars.peek() == Some(&'.') {
-            chars.next();
-            let mut prec_str = String::new();
-            while let Some(&c) = chars.peek() {
-                if c.is_ascii_digit() {
-                    prec_str.push(c);
-                    chars.next();
-                } else {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if !prec_str.is_empty() {
-                result.precision = Some(prec_str.parse().unwrap_or(0));
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Parse type character: s, d, f, e, g, etc.
-        if let Some(&c) = chars.peek()
-            && matches!(
-                c,
-                's' | 'd' | 'f' | 'F' | 'e' | 'E' | 'g' | 'G' | 'n' | '%' | 'b' | 'o' | 'x' | 'X' | 'c'
-            )
-        {
-            result.type_char = Some(c);
-            chars.next();
-        }
-
-        // Error if there are any unconsumed characters
-        if chars.peek().is_some() {
-            return Err(spec.to_owned());
-        }
-
-        Ok(result)
-    }
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Format errors
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// Error type for format specification failures.
-///
-/// These errors are returned from formatting functions and should be converted
-/// to appropriate Python exceptions (usually ValueError) by the VM.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum FormatError {
-    /// Invalid alignment for the given type (e.g., '=' alignment on strings).
-    InvalidAlignment(String),
-    /// Value out of range (e.g., character code > 0x10FFFF).
-    Overflow(String),
-    /// Generic value error (e.g., invalid base, invalid Unicode).
-    ValueError(String),
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for FormatError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Self::InvalidAlignment(msg) | Self::Overflow(msg) | Self::ValueError(msg) => {
-                write!(f, "{msg}")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Formats a value according to a format specification, applying type-appropriate formatting.
-///
-/// Dispatches to the appropriate formatting function based on the value type and format spec:
-/// - Integers: `format_int`, `format_int_base`, `format_char`
-/// - Floats: `format_float_f`, `format_float_e`, `format_float_g`, `format_float_percent`
-/// - Strings: `format_string`
-///
-/// Returns a `ValueError` if the format type character is incompatible with the value type.
-pub fn format_with_spec(
-    value: &Value,
-    spec: &ParsedFormatSpec,
-    vm: &VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>,
-) -> Result<String, RunError> {
-    let value_type = value.py_type(vm.heap);
-
-    match (value, spec.type_char) {
-        // Integer formatting
-        (Value::Int(n), None | Some('d')) => Ok(format_int(*n, spec)),
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('b')) => Ok(format_int_base(*n, 2, spec)?),
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('o')) => Ok(format_int_base(*n, 8, spec)?),
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('x')) => Ok(format_int_base(*n, 16, spec)?),
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('X')) => Ok(format_int_base(*n, 16, spec)?.to_uppercase()),
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('c')) => Ok(format_char(*n, spec)?),
-
-        // Float formatting
-        (Value::Float(f), None | Some('g' | 'G')) => Ok(format_float_g(*f, spec)),
-        (Value::Float(f), Some('f' | 'F')) => Ok(format_float_f(*f, spec)),
-        (Value::Float(f), Some('e')) => Ok(format_float_e(*f, spec, false)),
-        (Value::Float(f), Some('E')) => Ok(format_float_e(*f, spec, true)),
-        (Value::Float(f), Some('%')) => Ok(format_float_percent(*f, spec)),
-
-        // Int to float formatting (Python allows this)
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('f' | 'F')) => Ok(format_float_f(*n as f64, spec)),
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('e')) => Ok(format_float_e(*n as f64, spec, false)),
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('E')) => Ok(format_float_e(*n as f64, spec, true)),
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('g' | 'G')) => Ok(format_float_g(*n as f64, spec)),
-        (Value::Int(n), Some('%')) => Ok(format_float_percent(*n as f64, spec)),
-
-        // String formatting (including InternString and heap strings)
-        (_, None | Some('s')) if value_type == Type::Str => {
-            let s = value.py_str(vm);
-            Ok(format_string(&s, spec)?)
-        }
-
-        // Bool as int
-        (Value::Bool(b), Some('d')) => Ok(format_int(i64::from(*b), spec)),
-
-        // No type specifier: convert to string and format
-        (_, None) => {
-            let s = value.py_str(vm);
-            Ok(format_string(&s, spec)?)
-        }
-
-        // Type mismatch errors
-        (_, Some(c)) => Err(SimpleException::new_msg(
-            ExcType::ValueError,
-            format!("Unknown format code '{c}' for object of type '{value_type}'"),
-        )
-        .into()),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Encodes a ParsedFormatSpec into a u64 for storage in bytecode constants.
-///
-/// Encoding layout (fits in 48 bits):
-/// - bits 0-7: fill character (as ASCII, default space=32)
-/// - bits 8-10: align (0=none, 1='<', 2='>', 3='^', 4='=')
-/// - bits 11-12: sign (0=none, 1='+', 2='-', 3=' ')
-/// - bit 13: zero_pad
-/// - bits 14-29: width (16 bits, max 65535)
-/// - bits 30-45: precision (16 bits, using 0xFFFF as "no precision")
-/// - bits 46-50: type_char (0=none, 1-15=explicit type mapping: b,c,d,e,E,f,F,g,G,n,o,s,x,X,%)
-pub fn encode_format_spec(spec: &ParsedFormatSpec) -> u64 {
-    let fill = spec.fill as u64;
-    let align = match spec.align {
-        None => 0u64,
-        Some('<') => 1,
-        Some('>') => 2,
-        Some('^') => 3,
-        Some('=') => 4,
-        Some(_) => 0,
-    };
-    let sign = match spec.sign {
-        None => 0u64,
-        Some('+') => 1,
-        Some('-') => 2,
-        Some(' ') => 3,
-        Some(_) => 0,
-    };
-    let zero_pad = u64::from(spec.zero_pad);
-    let width = spec.width as u64;
-    let precision = spec.precision.map_or(0xFFFFu64, |p| p as u64);
-    let type_char = spec.type_char.map_or(0u64, |c| match c {
-        'b' => 1,
-        'c' => 2,
-        'd' => 3,
-        'e' => 4,
-        'E' => 5,
-        'f' => 6,
-        'F' => 7,
-        'g' => 8,
-        'G' => 9,
-        'n' => 10,
-        'o' => 11,
-        's' => 12,
-        'x' => 13,
-        'X' => 14,
-        '%' => 15,
-        _ => 0,
-    });
-
-    fill | (align << 8) | (sign << 11) | (zero_pad << 13) | (width << 14) | (precision << 30) | (type_char << 46)
-}
-
-/// Decodes a u64 back into a ParsedFormatSpec.
-///
-/// Reverses the bit-packing done by `encode_format_spec`. Used by the VM
-/// when executing `FormatValue` to retrieve the format specification from
-/// the constant pool (where it's stored as a negative integer marker).
-pub fn decode_format_spec(encoded: u64) -> ParsedFormatSpec {
-    let fill = (encoded & 0xFF) as u8 as char;
-    let align_bits = (encoded >> 8) & 0x07;
-    let sign_bits = (encoded >> 11) & 0x03;
-    let zero_pad = ((encoded >> 13) & 0x01) != 0;
-    let width = ((encoded >> 14) & 0xFFFF) as usize;
-    let precision_raw = ((encoded >> 30) & 0xFFFF) as usize;
-    let type_bits = ((encoded >> 46) & 0x1F) as u8;
-
-    let align = match align_bits {
-        1 => Some('<'),
-        2 => Some('>'),
-        3 => Some('^'),
-        4 => Some('='),
-        _ => None,
-    };
-
-    let sign = match sign_bits {
-        1 => Some('+'),
-        2 => Some('-'),
-        3 => Some(' '),
-        _ => None,
-    };
-
-    let precision = if precision_raw == 0xFFFF {
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(precision_raw)
-    };
-
-    let type_char = match type_bits {
-        1 => Some('b'),
-        2 => Some('c'),
-        3 => Some('d'),
-        4 => Some('e'),
-        5 => Some('E'),
-        6 => Some('f'),
-        7 => Some('F'),
-        8 => Some('g'),
-        9 => Some('G'),
-        10 => Some('n'),
-        11 => Some('o'),
-        12 => Some('s'),
-        13 => Some('x'),
-        14 => Some('X'),
-        15 => Some('%'),
-        _ => None,
-    };
-
-    ParsedFormatSpec {
-        fill,
-        align,
-        sign,
-        zero_pad,
-        width,
-        precision,
-        type_char,
-    }
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Formatting functions
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// Formats a string value according to a format specification.
-///
-/// Applies the following transformations in order:
-/// 1. Truncation: If `precision` is set, limits the string to that many characters
-/// 2. Alignment: Pads to `width` using `fill` character (default left-aligned for strings)
-///
-/// Returns an error if `=` alignment is used (sign-aware padding only valid for numbers).
-pub fn format_string(value: &str, spec: &ParsedFormatSpec) -> Result<String, FormatError> {
-    // Handle precision (string truncation)
-    let value = if let Some(prec) = spec.precision {
-        value.chars().take(prec).collect::<String>()
-    } else {
-        value.to_owned()
-    };
-
-    // Validate alignment for strings (= is only for numbers)
-    if spec.align == Some('=') {
-        return Err(FormatError::InvalidAlignment(
-            "'=' alignment not allowed in string format specifier".to_owned(),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    // Default alignment for strings is left ('<')
-    let align = spec.align.unwrap_or('<');
-    Ok(pad_string(&value, spec.width, align, spec.fill))
-}
-
-/// Formats an integer in decimal with a format specification.
-///
-/// Applies the following:
-/// - Sign prefix based on `sign` spec: `+` (always show), `-` (negatives only), ` ` (space for positive)
-/// - Zero-padding: When `zero_pad` is true or `=` alignment, inserts zeros between sign and digits
-/// - Alignment: Right-aligned by default for numbers, pads to `width` with `fill` character
-pub fn format_int(n: i64, spec: &ParsedFormatSpec) -> String {
-    let is_negative = n < 0;
-    let abs_str = n.abs().to_string();
-
-    // Build the sign prefix
-    let sign = if is_negative {
-        "-"
-    } else {
-        match spec.sign {
-            Some('+') => "+",
-            Some(' ') => " ",
-            _ => "",
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Default alignment for numbers is right ('>')
-    let align = spec.align.unwrap_or('>');
-
-    // Handle sign-aware zero-padding or regular padding
-    if spec.zero_pad || align == '=' {
-        let fill = if spec.zero_pad { '0' } else { spec.fill };
-        let total_len = sign.len() + abs_str.len();
-        if spec.width > total_len {
-            let padding = spec.width - total_len;
-            let pad_str: String = std::iter::repeat_n(fill, padding).collect();
-            format!("{sign}{pad_str}{abs_str}")
-        } else {
-            format!("{sign}{abs_str}")
-        }
-    } else {
-        let value = format!("{sign}{abs_str}");
-        pad_string(&value, spec.width, align, spec.fill)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Formats an integer in binary (base 2), octal (base 8), or hexadecimal (base 16).
-///
-/// Used for format types `b`, `o`, `x`, and `X`. The sign is prepended for negative numbers.
-/// Does not include base prefixes like `0b`, `0o`, `0x` (those require the `#` flag which
-/// is not yet implemented). Returns an error for invalid base values.
-pub fn format_int_base(n: i64, base: u32, spec: &ParsedFormatSpec) -> Result<String, FormatError> {
-    let is_negative = n < 0;
-    let abs_val = n.unsigned_abs();
-
-    let abs_str = match base {
-        2 => format!("{abs_val:b}"),
-        8 => format!("{abs_val:o}"),
-        16 => format!("{abs_val:x}"),
-        _ => return Err(FormatError::ValueError("Invalid base".to_owned())),
-    };
-
-    let sign = if is_negative { "-" } else { "" };
-    let value = format!("{sign}{abs_str}");
-
-    let align = spec.align.unwrap_or('>');
-    Ok(pad_string(&value, spec.width, align, spec.fill))
-}
-
-/// Formats an integer as a Unicode character (format type `c`).
-///
-/// Converts the integer to its corresponding Unicode code point. Valid range is 0 to 0x10FFFF.
-/// Returns `Overflow` error if out of range, `ValueError` if not a valid Unicode scalar value
-/// (e.g., surrogate code points). Left-aligned by default like strings.
-pub fn format_char(n: i64, spec: &ParsedFormatSpec) -> Result<String, FormatError> {
-    if !(0..=0x0010_FFFF).contains(&n) {
-        return Err(FormatError::Overflow("%c arg not in range(0x110000)".to_owned()));
-    }
-    let n_u32 = u32::try_from(n).expect("format_char n validated in 0..=0x10FFFF range");
-    let c = char::from_u32(n_u32).ok_or_else(|| FormatError::ValueError("Invalid Unicode code point".to_owned()))?;
-    let value = c.to_string();
-    let align = spec.align.unwrap_or('<');
-    Ok(pad_string(&value, spec.width, align, spec.fill))
-}
-
-/// Formats a float in fixed-point notation (format types `f` and `F`).
-///
-/// Always includes a decimal point with `precision` digits after it (default 6).
-/// Handles sign prefix, zero-padding between sign and digits when `zero_pad` or `=` alignment.
-/// Right-aligned by default. NaN and infinity are formatted as `nan`/`inf` (or `NAN`/`INF` for `F`).
-pub fn format_float_f(f: f64, spec: &ParsedFormatSpec) -> String {
-    let precision = spec.precision.unwrap_or(6);
-    let is_negative = f.is_sign_negative() && !f.is_nan();
-    let abs_val = f.abs();
-
-    let abs_str = format!("{abs_val:.precision$}");
-
-    let sign = if is_negative {
-        "-"
-    } else {
-        match spec.sign {
-            Some('+') => "+",
-            Some(' ') => " ",
-            _ => "",
-        }
-    };
-
-    let align = spec.align.unwrap_or('>');
-
-    if spec.zero_pad || align == '=' {
-        let fill = if spec.zero_pad { '0' } else { spec.fill };
-        let total_len = sign.len() + abs_str.len();
-        if spec.width > total_len {
-            let padding = spec.width - total_len;
-            let pad_str: String = std::iter::repeat_n(fill, padding).collect();
-            format!("{sign}{pad_str}{abs_str}")
-        } else {
-            format!("{sign}{abs_str}")
-        }
-    } else {
-        let value = format!("{sign}{abs_str}");
-        pad_string(&value, spec.width, align, spec.fill)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Formats a float in exponential/scientific notation (format types `e` and `E`).
-///
-/// Produces output like `1.234568e+03` with `precision` digits after decimal (default 6).
-/// The `uppercase` parameter controls whether to use `E` or `e` for the exponent marker.
-/// Exponent is always formatted with a sign and at least 2 digits (Python convention).
-pub fn format_float_e(f: f64, spec: &ParsedFormatSpec, uppercase: bool) -> String {
-    let precision = spec.precision.unwrap_or(6);
-    let is_negative = f.is_sign_negative() && !f.is_nan();
-    let abs_val = f.abs();
-
-    let abs_str = if uppercase {
-        format!("{abs_val:.precision$E}")
-    } else {
-        format!("{abs_val:.precision$e}")
-    };
-
-    // Fix exponent format to match Python (e+03 not e3)
-    let abs_str = fix_exp_format(&abs_str);
-
-    let sign = if is_negative {
-        "-"
-    } else {
-        match spec.sign {
-            Some('+') => "+",
-            Some(' ') => " ",
-            _ => "",
-        }
-    };
-
-    let value = format!("{sign}{abs_str}");
-    let align = spec.align.unwrap_or('>');
-    pad_string(&value, spec.width, align, spec.fill)
-}
-
-/// Formats a float in "general" format (format types `g` and `G`).
-///
-/// Chooses between fixed-point and exponential notation based on the magnitude:
-/// - Uses exponential if exponent < -4 or >= precision
-/// - Otherwise uses fixed-point notation
-///
-/// Unlike `f` and `e` formats, trailing zeros are stripped from the result.
-/// Default precision is 6, but minimum is 1 significant digit.
-pub fn format_float_g(f: f64, spec: &ParsedFormatSpec) -> String {
-    let precision = spec.precision.unwrap_or(6).max(1);
-    let is_negative = f.is_sign_negative() && !f.is_nan();
-    let abs_val = f.abs();
-
-    // Python's g format: use exponential if exponent < -4 or >= precision
-    let exp = if abs_val == 0.0 {
-        0
-    } else {
-        // log10 of valid floats fits in i32; floor() returns a finite f64
-        f64_to_i32_trunc(abs_val.log10().floor())
-    };
-
-    // precision is typically small (default 6), safe to convert to i32
-    let prec_i32 = i32::try_from(precision).unwrap_or(i32::MAX);
-    let abs_str = if exp < -4 || exp >= prec_i32 {
-        // Use exponential notation
-        let exp_prec = precision.saturating_sub(1);
-        let formatted = format!("{abs_val:.exp_prec$e}");
-        // Python strips trailing zeros from the mantissa
-        strip_trailing_zeros_exp(&formatted)
-    } else {
-        // Use fixed notation - result is non-negative due to .max(0)
-        let sig_digits_i32 = (prec_i32 - exp - 1).max(0);
-        let sig_digits = usize::try_from(sig_digits_i32).expect("sig_digits guaranteed non-negative");
-        let formatted = format!("{abs_val:.sig_digits$}");
-        strip_trailing_zeros(&formatted)
-    };
-
-    let sign = if is_negative {
-        "-"
-    } else {
-        match spec.sign {
-            Some('+') => "+",
-            Some(' ') => " ",
-            _ => "",
-        }
-    };
-
-    let value = format!("{sign}{abs_str}");
-    let align = spec.align.unwrap_or('>');
-    pad_string(&value, spec.width, align, spec.fill)
-}
-
-/// Applies ASCII conversion to a string (escapes non-ASCII characters).
-///
-/// Used for the `!a` conversion flag in f-strings. Takes a string (typically a repr)
-/// and escapes all non-ASCII characters using `\xNN`, `\uNNNN`, or `\UNNNNNNNN`.
-pub fn ascii_escape(s: &str) -> String {
-    use std::fmt::Write;
-    let mut result = String::new();
-    for c in s.chars() {
-        if c.is_ascii() {
-            result.push(c);
-        } else {
-            let code = c as u32;
-            if code <= 0xFF {
-                write!(result, "\\x{code:02x}")
-            } else if code <= 0xFFFF {
-                write!(result, "\\u{code:04x}")
-            } else {
-                write!(result, "\\U{code:08x}")
-            }
-            .expect("string write should be infallible");
-        }
-    }
-    result
-}
-
-/// Formats a float as a percentage (format type `%`).
-///
-/// Multiplies the value by 100 and appends a `%` sign. Uses fixed-point notation
-/// with `precision` decimal places (default 6). For example, `0.1234` becomes `12.340000%`.
-pub fn format_float_percent(f: f64, spec: &ParsedFormatSpec) -> String {
-    let precision = spec.precision.unwrap_or(6);
-    let percent_val = f * 100.0;
-    let is_negative = percent_val.is_sign_negative() && !percent_val.is_nan();
-    let abs_val = percent_val.abs();
-
-    let abs_str = format!("{abs_val:.precision$}%");
-
-    let sign = if is_negative {
-        "-"
-    } else {
-        match spec.sign {
-            Some('+') => "+",
-            Some(' ') => " ",
-            _ => "",
-        }
-    };
-
-    let value = format!("{sign}{abs_str}");
-    let align = spec.align.unwrap_or('>');
-    pad_string(&value, spec.width, align, spec.fill)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Helper functions
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// Pads a string to a given width with alignment.
-///
-/// Alignment options:
-/// - '<': left-align (pad on right)
-/// - '>': right-align (pad on left)
-/// - '^': center (pad both sides)
-fn pad_string(value: &str, width: usize, align: char, fill: char) -> String {
-    let value_len = value.chars().count();
-    if width <= value_len {
-        return value.to_owned();
-    }
-
-    let padding = width - value_len;
-
-    match align {
-        '<' => {
-            let mut s = value.to_owned();
-            for _ in 0..padding {
-                s.push(fill);
-            }
-            s
-        }
-        '>' => {
-            let mut s = String::new();
-            for _ in 0..padding {
-                s.push(fill);
-            }
-            s.push_str(value);
-            s
-        }
-        '^' => {
-            let left_pad = padding / 2;
-            let right_pad = padding - left_pad;
-            let mut s = String::new();
-            for _ in 0..left_pad {
-                s.push(fill);
-            }
-            s.push_str(value);
-            for _ in 0..right_pad {
-                s.push(fill);
-            }
-            s
-        }
-        _ => value.to_owned(),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Strips trailing zeros from a decimal float string.
-///
-/// Used by the `:g` format to remove insignificant trailing zeros.
-/// Also removes the decimal point if all fractional digits are stripped.
-/// Has no effect if the string doesn't contain a decimal point.
-fn strip_trailing_zeros(s: &str) -> String {
-    if !s.contains('.') {
-        return s.to_owned();
-    }
-    let trimmed = s.trim_end_matches('0');
-    if let Some(stripped) = trimmed.strip_suffix('.') {
-        stripped.to_owned()
-    } else {
-        trimmed.to_owned()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Strips trailing zeros from a float in exponential notation.
-///
-/// Splits the string at `e` or `E`, strips zeros from the mantissa part,
-/// then recombines with the exponent. Also normalizes the exponent format
-/// to Python's convention (sign and at least 2 digits).
-fn strip_trailing_zeros_exp(s: &str) -> String {
-    if let Some(e_pos) = s.find(['e', 'E']) {
-        let (mantissa, exp_part) = s.split_at(e_pos);
-        let trimmed_mantissa = strip_trailing_zeros(mantissa);
-        let fixed_exp = fix_exp_format(exp_part);
-        format!("{trimmed_mantissa}{fixed_exp}")
-    } else {
-        strip_trailing_zeros(s)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Converts Rust's exponential format to Python's format.
-///
-/// Rust produces "e3" or "e-3" but Python expects "e+03" or "e-03".
-/// This function ensures the exponent has:
-/// 1. A sign character ('+' or '-')
-/// 2. At least 2 digits
-fn fix_exp_format(s: &str) -> String {
-    // Find the 'e' or 'E' marker
-    let Some(e_pos) = s.find(['e', 'E']) else {
-        return s.to_owned();
-    };
-
-    let (before_e, e_and_rest) = s.split_at(e_pos);
-    let e_char = e_and_rest.chars().next().unwrap();
-    let exp_part = &e_and_rest[1..];
-
-    // Parse the exponent sign and value
-    let (sign, digits) = if let Some(stripped) = exp_part.strip_prefix('-') {
-        ('-', stripped)
-    } else if let Some(stripped) = exp_part.strip_prefix('+') {
-        ('+', stripped)
-    } else {
-        ('+', exp_part)
-    };
-
-    // Ensure at least 2 digits
-    let padded_digits = if digits.len() < 2 {
-        format!("{digits:0>2}")
-    } else {
-        digits.to_owned()
-    };
-
-    format!("{before_e}{e_char}{sign}{padded_digits}")
-}
-
-/// Truncates f64 to i32 with clamping for out-of-range values.
-///
-/// Used for exponent calculations where the result should fit in i32.
-fn f64_to_i32_trunc(value: f64) -> i32 {
-    if value >= f64::from(i32::MAX) {
-        i32::MAX
-    } else if value <= f64::from(i32::MIN) {
-        i32::MIN
-    } else {
-        // SAFETY for clippy: value is guaranteed to be in (i32::MIN, i32::MAX)
-        // after the bounds checks above, so truncation cannot overflow
-        #[expect(clippy::cast_possible_truncation, reason = "bounds checked above")]
-        let result = value as i32;
-        result
-    }
-}