subagent-cli 0.2.9 → 0.3.1

package/src/utils/powershell/parser.ts

@@ -1,1804 +0,0 @@
-import { execa } from 'execa'
-import { logForDebugging } from '../debug.js'
-import { memoizeWithLRU } from '../memoize.js'
-import { getCachedPowerShellPath } from '../shell/powershellDetection.js'
-import { jsonParse } from '../slowOperations.js'
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Public types describing the parsed output returned to callers.
-// These map to System.Management.Automation.Language AST classes.
-// Raw internal types (RawParsedOutput etc.) are defined further below.
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * The PowerShell AST element type for pipeline elements.
- * Maps directly to CommandBaseAst derivatives in System.Management.Automation.Language.
- */
-type PipelineElementType =
-  | 'CommandAst'
-  | 'CommandExpressionAst'
-  | 'ParenExpressionAst'
-
-/**
- * The AST node type for individual command elements (arguments, expressions).
- * Used to classify each element during the AST walk so TypeScript can derive
- * security flags without extra Find-AstNodes calls in PowerShell.
- */
-type CommandElementType =
-  | 'ScriptBlock'
-  | 'SubExpression'
-  | 'ExpandableString'
-  | 'MemberInvocation'
-  | 'Variable'
-  | 'StringConstant'
-  | 'Parameter'
-  | 'Other'
-
-/**
- * A child node of a command element (one level deep). Populated for
- * CommandParameterAst → .Argument (colon-bound parameters like
- * `-InputObject:$env:SECRET`). Consumers check `child.type` to classify
- * the bound value (Variable, StringConstant, Other) without parsing text.
- */
-export type CommandElementChild = {
-  type: CommandElementType
-  text: string
-}
-
-/**
- * The PowerShell AST statement type.
- * Maps directly to StatementAst derivatives in System.Management.Automation.Language.
- */
-type StatementType =
-  | 'PipelineAst'
-  | 'PipelineChainAst'
-  | 'AssignmentStatementAst'
-  | 'IfStatementAst'
-  | 'ForStatementAst'
-  | 'ForEachStatementAst'
-  | 'WhileStatementAst'
-  | 'DoWhileStatementAst'
-  | 'DoUntilStatementAst'
-  | 'SwitchStatementAst'
-  | 'TryStatementAst'
-  | 'TrapStatementAst'
-  | 'FunctionDefinitionAst'
-  | 'DataStatementAst'
-  | 'UnknownStatementAst'
-
-/**
- * A command invocation within a pipeline segment.
- */
-export type ParsedCommandElement = {
-  /** The command/cmdlet name (e.g., "Get-ChildItem", "git") */
-  name: string
-  /** The command name type: cmdlet, application (exe), or unknown */
-  nameType: 'cmdlet' | 'application' | 'unknown'
-  /** The AST element type from PowerShell's parser */
-  elementType: PipelineElementType
-  /** All arguments as strings (includes flags like "-Recurse") */
-  args: string[]
-  /** The full text of this command element */
-  text: string
-  /** AST node types for each element in this command (arguments, expressions, etc.) */
-  elementTypes?: CommandElementType[]
-  /**
-   * Child nodes of each argument, aligned with `args[]` (so
-   * `children[i]` ↔ `args[i]` ↔ `elementTypes[i+1]`). Only populated for
-   * Parameter elements with a colon-bound argument. Undefined for elements
-   * with no children. Lets consumers check `children[i].some(c => c.type
-   * !== 'StringConstant')` instead of parsing the arg text for `:` + `$`.
-   */
-  children?: (CommandElementChild[] | undefined)[]
-  /** Redirections on this command element (from nested commands in && / || chains) */
-  redirections?: ParsedRedirection[]
-}
-
-/**
- * A redirection found in the command.
- */
-type ParsedRedirection = {
-  /** The redirection operator */
-  operator: '>' | '>>' | '2>' | '2>>' | '*>' | '*>>' | '2>&1'
-  /** The target (file path or stream number) */
-  target: string
-  /** Whether this is a merging redirection like 2>&1 */
-  isMerging: boolean
-}
-
-/**
- * A parsed statement from PowerShell.
- * Can be a pipeline, assignment, control flow statement, etc.
- */
-type ParsedStatement = {
-  /** The AST statement type from PowerShell's parser */
-  statementType: StatementType
-  /** Individual commands in this statement (for pipelines) */
-  commands: ParsedCommandElement[]
-  /** Redirections on this statement */
-  redirections: ParsedRedirection[]
-  /** Full text of the statement */
-  text: string
-  /**
-   * For control flow statements (if, for, foreach, while, try, etc.),
-   * commands found recursively inside the body blocks.
-   * Uses FindAll() to extract ALL nested CommandAst nodes at any depth.
-   */
-  nestedCommands?: ParsedCommandElement[]
-  /**
-   * Security-relevant AST patterns found via FindAll() on the entire statement,
-   * regardless of statement type. This catches patterns that elementTypes may
-   * miss (e.g. member invocations inside assignments, subexpressions in
-   * non-pipeline statements). Computed in the PS1 script using instanceof
-   * checks against the PowerShell AST type system.
-   */
-  securityPatterns?: {
-    hasMemberInvocations?: boolean
-    hasSubExpressions?: boolean
-    hasExpandableStrings?: boolean
-    hasScriptBlocks?: boolean
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * A variable reference found in the command.
- */
-type ParsedVariable = {
-  /** The variable path (e.g., "HOME", "env:PATH", "global:x") */
-  path: string
-  /** Whether this variable uses splatting (@var instead of $var) */
-  isSplatted: boolean
-}
-
-/**
- * A parse error from PowerShell's parser.
- */
-type ParseError = {
-  message: string
-  errorId: string
-}
-
-/**
- * The complete parsed result from the PowerShell AST parser.
- */
-export type ParsedPowerShellCommand = {
-  /** Whether the command parsed successfully (no syntax errors) */
-  valid: boolean
-  /** Parse errors, if any */
-  errors: ParseError[]
-  /** Top-level statements, separated by ; or newlines */
-  statements: ParsedStatement[]
-  /** All variable references found */
-  variables: ParsedVariable[]
-  /** Whether the token stream contains a stop-parsing (--%) token */
-  hasStopParsing: boolean
-  /** The original command text */
-  originalCommand: string
-  /**
-   * All .NET type literals found anywhere in the AST (TypeExpressionAst +
-   * TypeConstraintAst). TypeName.FullName — the literal text as written, NOT
-   * the resolved .NET type (e.g. [int] → "int", not "System.Int32").
-   * Consumed by the CLM-allowlist check in powershellSecurity.ts.
-   */
-  typeLiterals?: string[]
-  /**
-   * Whether the command contains `using module` or `using assembly` statements.
-   * These load external code (modules/assemblies) and execute their top-level
-   * script body or module initializers. The using statement is a sibling of
-   * the named blocks on ScriptBlockAst, not a child, so it is not visible
-   * to Process-BlockStatements or any downstream command walker.
-   */
-  hasUsingStatements?: boolean
-  /**
-   * Whether the command contains `#Requires` directives (ScriptRequirements).
-   * `#Requires -Modules <name>` triggers module loading from PSModulePath.
-   */
-  hasScriptRequirements?: boolean
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-// Default 5s is fine for interactive use (warm pwsh spawn is ~450ms). Windows
-// CI under Defender/AMSI load can exceed 5s on consecutive spawns even after
-// CAN_SPAWN_PARSE_SCRIPT() warms the JIT (run 23574701241 windows-shard-5:
-// attackVectors F1 hit 2×5s timeout → valid:false → 'ask' instead of 'deny').
-// Override via env for tests. Read inside parsePowerShellCommandImpl, not
-// top-level, per CLAUDE.md (globalSettings.env ordering).
-const DEFAULT_PARSE_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000
-function getParseTimeoutMs(): number {
-  const env = process.env.CLAUDE_CODE_PWSH_PARSE_TIMEOUT_MS
-  if (env) {
-    const parsed = parseInt(env, 10)
-    if (!isNaN(parsed) && parsed > 0) return parsed
-  }
-  return DEFAULT_PARSE_TIMEOUT_MS
-}
-// MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH is derived from PARSE_SCRIPT_BODY.length below (after the
-// script body is defined) so it cannot go stale as the script grows.
-
-/**
- * The PowerShell parse script inlined as a string constant.
- * This avoids needing to read from disk at runtime (the file may not exist
- * in bundled builds). The script uses the native PowerShell AST parser to
- * analyze a command and output structured JSON.
- */
-// Raw types describing PS script JSON output (exported for testing)
-export type RawCommandElement = {
-  type: string // .GetType().Name e.g. "StringConstantExpressionAst"
-  text: string // .Extent.Text
-  value?: string // .Value if available (resolves backtick escapes)
-  expressionType?: string // .Expression.GetType().Name for CommandExpressionAst
-  children?: { type: string; text: string }[] // CommandParameterAst.Argument, one level
-}
-
-export type RawRedirection = {
-  type: string // "FileRedirectionAst" or "MergingRedirectionAst"
-  append?: boolean // .Append (FileRedirectionAst only)
-  fromStream?: string // .FromStream.ToString() e.g. "Output", "Error", "All"
-  locationText?: string // .Location.Extent.Text (FileRedirectionAst only)
-}
-
-export type RawPipelineElement = {
-  type: string // .GetType().Name e.g. "CommandAst", "CommandExpressionAst"
-  text: string // .Extent.Text
-  commandElements?: RawCommandElement[]
-  redirections?: RawRedirection[]
-  expressionType?: string // for CommandExpressionAst: .Expression.GetType().Name
-}
-
-export type RawStatement = {
-  type: string // .GetType().Name e.g. "PipelineAst", "IfStatementAst", "TrapStatementAst"
-  text: string // .Extent.Text
-  elements?: RawPipelineElement[] // for PipelineAst: the pipeline elements
-  nestedCommands?: RawPipelineElement[] // commands found via FindAll (all statement types)
-  redirections?: RawRedirection[] // FileRedirectionAst found via FindAll (non-PipelineAst only)
-  securityPatterns?: {
-    // Security-relevant AST node types found via FindAll on the statement
-    hasMemberInvocations?: boolean
-    hasSubExpressions?: boolean
-    hasExpandableStrings?: boolean
-    hasScriptBlocks?: boolean
-  }
-}
-
-type RawParsedOutput = {
-  valid: boolean
-  errors: { message: string; errorId: string }[]
-  statements: RawStatement[]
-  variables: { path: string; isSplatted: boolean }[]
-  hasStopParsing: boolean
-  originalCommand: string
-  typeLiterals?: string[]
-  hasUsingStatements?: boolean
-  hasScriptRequirements?: boolean
-}
-
-// This is the canonical copy of the parse script. There is no separate .ps1 file.
-/**
- * The core parse logic.
- * The command is passed via Base64-encoded $EncodedCommand variable
- * to avoid here-string injection attacks.
- *
- * SECURITY — top-level ParamBlock: ScriptBlockAst.ParamBlock is a SIBLING of
- * the named blocks (Begin/Process/End/Clean/DynamicParam), not nested inside
- * them, so Process-BlockStatements never reaches it. Commands inside param()
- * default-value expressions and attribute arguments (e.g. [ValidateScript({...})])
- * were invisible to every downstream check. PoC:
- *   param($x = (Remove-Item /)); Get-Process   → only Get-Process surfaced
- *   param([ValidateScript({rm /;$true})]$x='t') → rm invisible, runs on bind
- * Function-level param() IS covered: FindAll on the FunctionDefinitionAst
- * statement recurses into its descendants. The gap was only the script-level
- * ParamBlock. ParamBlockAst has .Parameters (not .Statements) so we FindAll
- * on it directly rather than reusing Process-BlockStatements. We only emit a
- * statement if there is something to report, to avoid noise for plain
- * param($x) declarations. (Kept compact in-script to preserve argv budget.)
- */
-/**
- * PS1 parse script. Comments live here (not inline) — every char inside the
- * backticks eats into WINDOWS_MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH (argv budget).
- *
- * Structure:
- * - Get-RawCommandElements: extract CommandAst element data (type, text, value,
- *   expressionType, children for colon-bound param .Argument)
- * - Get-RawRedirections: extract FileRedirectionAst operator+target
- * - Get-SecurityPatterns: FindAll for security flags (hasSubExpressions via
- *   Sub/Array/ParenExpressionAst, hasScriptBlocks, etc.)
- * - Type literals: emit TypeExpressionAst names for CLM allowlist check
- * - --% token: PS7 MinusMinus, PS5.1 Generic kind
- * - CommandExpressionAst.Redirections: inherits from CommandBaseAst —
- *   `1 > /tmp/x` statement has FileRedirectionAst that element-iteration misses
- * - Nested commands: FindAll for ALL statement types (if/for/foreach/while/
- *   switch/try/function/assignment/PipelineChainAst) — skip direct pipeline
- *   elements already in the loop
- */
-// exported for testing
-export const PARSE_SCRIPT_BODY = `
-if (-not $EncodedCommand) {
-    Write-Output '{"valid":false,"errors":[{"message":"No command provided","errorId":"NoInput"}],"statements":[],"variables":[],"hasStopParsing":false,"originalCommand":""}'
-    exit 0
-}
-
-$Command = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String($EncodedCommand))
-
-$tokens = $null
-$parseErrors = $null
-$ast = [System.Management.Automation.Language.Parser]::ParseInput(
-    $Command,
-    [ref]$tokens,
-    [ref]$parseErrors
-)
-
-$allVariables = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-
-function Get-RawCommandElements {
-    param([System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandAst]$CmdAst)
-    $elems = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-    foreach ($ce in $CmdAst.CommandElements) {
-        $ceData = @{ type = $ce.GetType().Name; text = $ce.Extent.Text }
-        if ($ce.PSObject.Properties['Value'] -and $null -ne $ce.Value -and $ce.Value -is [string]) {
-            $ceData.value = $ce.Value
-        }
-        if ($ce -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandExpressionAst]) {
-            $ceData.expressionType = $ce.Expression.GetType().Name
-        }
-        $a=$ce.Argument;if($a){$ceData.children=@(@{type=$a.GetType().Name;text=$a.Extent.Text})}
-        [void]$elems.Add($ceData)
-    }
-    return $elems
-}
-
-function Get-RawRedirections {
-    param($Redirections)
-    $result = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-    foreach ($redir in $Redirections) {
-        $redirData = @{ type = $redir.GetType().Name }
-        if ($redir -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.FileRedirectionAst]) {
-            $redirData.append = [bool]$redir.Append
-            $redirData.fromStream = $redir.FromStream.ToString()
-            $redirData.locationText = $redir.Location.Extent.Text
-        }
-        [void]$result.Add($redirData)
-    }
-    return $result
-}
-
-function Get-SecurityPatterns($A) {
-    $p = @{}
-    foreach ($n in $A.FindAll({ param($x)
-        $x -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.MemberExpressionAst] -or
-        $x -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.SubExpressionAst] -or
-        $x -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.ArrayExpressionAst] -or
-        $x -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.ExpandableStringExpressionAst] -or
-        $x -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.ScriptBlockExpressionAst] -or
-        $x -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.ParenExpressionAst]
-    }, $true)) { switch ($n.GetType().Name) {
-        'InvokeMemberExpressionAst' { $p.hasMemberInvocations = $true }
-        'MemberExpressionAst' { $p.hasMemberInvocations = $true }
-        'SubExpressionAst' { $p.hasSubExpressions = $true }
-        'ArrayExpressionAst' { $p.hasSubExpressions = $true }
-        'ParenExpressionAst' { $p.hasSubExpressions = $true }
-        'ExpandableStringExpressionAst' { $p.hasExpandableStrings = $true }
-        'ScriptBlockExpressionAst' { $p.hasScriptBlocks = $true }
-    }}
-    if ($p.Count -gt 0) { return $p }
-    return $null
-}
-
-$varExprs = $ast.FindAll({ param($node) $node -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.VariableExpressionAst] }, $true)
-foreach ($v in $varExprs) {
-    [void]$allVariables.Add(@{
-        path = $v.VariablePath.ToString()
-        isSplatted = [bool]$v.Splatted
-    })
-}
-
-$typeLiterals = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-foreach ($t in $ast.FindAll({ param($n)
-    $n -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.TypeExpressionAst] -or
-    $n -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.TypeConstraintAst]
-}, $true)) { [void]$typeLiterals.Add($t.TypeName.FullName) }
-
-$hasStopParsing = $false
-$tk = [System.Management.Automation.Language.TokenKind]
-foreach ($tok in $tokens) {
-    if ($tok.Kind -eq $tk::MinusMinus) { $hasStopParsing = $true; break }
-    if ($tok.Kind -eq $tk::Generic -and ($tok.Text -replace '[\u2013\u2014\u2015]','-') -eq '--%') {
-        $hasStopParsing = $true; break
-    }
-}
-
-$statements = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-
-function Process-BlockStatements {
-    param($Block)
-    if (-not $Block) { return }
-
-    foreach ($stmt in $Block.Statements) {
-        $statement = @{
-            type = $stmt.GetType().Name
-            text = $stmt.Extent.Text
-        }
-
-        if ($stmt -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.PipelineAst]) {
-            $elements = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-            foreach ($element in $stmt.PipelineElements) {
-                $elemData = @{
-                    type = $element.GetType().Name
-                    text = $element.Extent.Text
-                }
-
-                if ($element -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandAst]) {
-                    $elemData.commandElements = @(Get-RawCommandElements -CmdAst $element)
-                    $elemData.redirections = @(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $element.Redirections)
-                } elseif ($element -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandExpressionAst]) {
-                    $elemData.expressionType = $element.Expression.GetType().Name
-                    $elemData.redirections = @(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $element.Redirections)
-                }
-
-                [void]$elements.Add($elemData)
-            }
-            $statement.elements = @($elements)
-
-            $allNestedCmds = $stmt.FindAll(
-                { param($node) $node -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandAst] },
-                $true
-            )
-            $nestedCmds = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-            foreach ($cmd in $allNestedCmds) {
-                if ($cmd.Parent -eq $stmt) { continue }
-                $nested = @{
-                    type = $cmd.GetType().Name
-                    text = $cmd.Extent.Text
-                    commandElements = @(Get-RawCommandElements -CmdAst $cmd)
-                    redirections = @(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $cmd.Redirections)
-                }
-                [void]$nestedCmds.Add($nested)
-            }
-            if ($nestedCmds.Count -gt 0) {
-                $statement.nestedCommands = @($nestedCmds)
-            }
-            $r = $stmt.FindAll({param($n) $n -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.FileRedirectionAst]}, $true)
-            if ($r.Count -gt 0) {
-                $rr = @(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $r)
-                $statement.redirections = if ($statement.redirections) { @($statement.redirections) + $rr } else { $rr }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $nestedCmdAsts = $stmt.FindAll(
-                { param($node) $node -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandAst] },
-                $true
-            )
-            $nested = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-            foreach ($cmd in $nestedCmdAsts) {
-                [void]$nested.Add(@{
-                    type = 'CommandAst'
-                    text = $cmd.Extent.Text
-                    commandElements = @(Get-RawCommandElements -CmdAst $cmd)
-                    redirections = @(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $cmd.Redirections)
-                })
-            }
-            if ($nested.Count -gt 0) {
-                $statement.nestedCommands = @($nested)
-            }
-            $r = $stmt.FindAll({param($n) $n -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.FileRedirectionAst]}, $true)
-            if ($r.Count -gt 0) { $statement.redirections = @(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $r) }
-        }
-
-        $sp = Get-SecurityPatterns $stmt
-        if ($sp) { $statement.securityPatterns = $sp }
-
-        [void]$statements.Add($statement)
-    }
-
-    if ($Block.Traps) {
-        foreach ($trap in $Block.Traps) {
-            $statement = @{
-                type = 'TrapStatementAst'
-                text = $trap.Extent.Text
-            }
-            $nestedCmdAsts = $trap.FindAll(
-                { param($node) $node -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandAst] },
-                $true
-            )
-            $nestedCmds = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-            foreach ($cmd in $nestedCmdAsts) {
-                $nested = @{
-                    type = $cmd.GetType().Name
-                    text = $cmd.Extent.Text
-                    commandElements = @(Get-RawCommandElements -CmdAst $cmd)
-                    redirections = @(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $cmd.Redirections)
-                }
-                [void]$nestedCmds.Add($nested)
-            }
-            if ($nestedCmds.Count -gt 0) {
-                $statement.nestedCommands = @($nestedCmds)
-            }
-            $r = $trap.FindAll({param($n) $n -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.FileRedirectionAst]}, $true)
-            if ($r.Count -gt 0) { $statement.redirections = @(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $r) }
-            $sp = Get-SecurityPatterns $trap
-            if ($sp) { $statement.securityPatterns = $sp }
-            [void]$statements.Add($statement)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-Process-BlockStatements -Block $ast.BeginBlock
-Process-BlockStatements -Block $ast.ProcessBlock
-Process-BlockStatements -Block $ast.EndBlock
-Process-BlockStatements -Block $ast.CleanBlock
-Process-BlockStatements -Block $ast.DynamicParamBlock
-
-if ($ast.ParamBlock) {
-  $pb = $ast.ParamBlock
-  $pn = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
-  foreach ($c in $pb.FindAll({param($n) $n -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandAst]}, $true)) {
-    [void]$pn.Add(@{type='CommandAst';text=$c.Extent.Text;commandElements=@(Get-RawCommandElements -CmdAst $c);redirections=@(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $c.Redirections)})
-  }
-  $pr = $pb.FindAll({param($n) $n -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.FileRedirectionAst]}, $true)
-  $ps = Get-SecurityPatterns $pb
-  if ($pn.Count -gt 0 -or $pr.Count -gt 0 -or $ps) {
-    $st = @{type='ParamBlockAst';text=$pb.Extent.Text}
-    if ($pn.Count -gt 0) { $st.nestedCommands = @($pn) }
-    if ($pr.Count -gt 0) { $st.redirections = @(Get-RawRedirections -Redirections $pr) }
-    if ($ps) { $st.securityPatterns = $ps }
-    [void]$statements.Add($st)
-  }
-}
-
-$hasUsingStatements = $ast.UsingStatements -and $ast.UsingStatements.Count -gt 0
-$hasScriptRequirements = $ast.ScriptRequirements -ne $null
-
-$output = @{
-    valid = ($parseErrors.Count -eq 0)
-    errors = @($parseErrors | ForEach-Object {
-        @{
-            message = $_.Message
-            errorId = $_.ErrorId
-        }
-    })
-    statements = @($statements)
-    variables = @($allVariables)
-    hasStopParsing = $hasStopParsing
-    originalCommand = $Command
-    typeLiterals = @($typeLiterals)
-    hasUsingStatements = [bool]$hasUsingStatements
-    hasScriptRequirements = [bool]$hasScriptRequirements
-}
-
-$output | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 -Compress
-`
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Windows CreateProcess has a 32,767 char command-line limit. The encoding
-// chain is:
-//   command (N UTF-8 bytes) → Base64 (~4N/3 chars) → $EncodedCommand = '...'\n
-//   → full script (wrapper + PARSE_SCRIPT_BODY) → UTF-16LE (2× bytes)
-//   → Base64 (4/3× chars) → -EncodedCommand argv
-// Final cmdline ≈ argv_overhead + (wrapper + 4N/3 + body) × 8/3
-//
-// Solving for N (UTF-8 bytes) with a 32,767 cap:
-//   script_budget   = (32767 - argv_overhead) × 3/8
-//   cmd_b64_budget  = script_budget - PARSE_SCRIPT_BODY.length - wrapper
-//   N               = cmd_b64_budget × 3/4 - safety_margin
-//
-// SECURITY: N is a UTF-8 BYTE budget, not a UTF-16 code-unit budget. The
-// length gate MUST measure Buffer.byteLength(command, 'utf8'), not
-// command.length. A BMP character in U+0800–U+FFFF (CJK ideographs, most
-// non-Latin scripts) is 1 UTF-16 code unit but 3 UTF-8 bytes. With
-// PARSE_SCRIPT_BODY ≈ 10.6K, N ≈ 1,092 bytes. Comparing against .length
-// permits a 1,092-code-unit pure-CJK command (≈3,276 UTF-8 bytes) → inner
-// base64 ≈ 4,368 chars → final argv ≈ 40K chars, overflowing 32,767 by
-// ~7.4K. CreateProcess fails → valid:false → parse-fail degradation (deny
-// rules silently downgrade to ask). Finding #36.
-//
-// COMPUTED from PARSE_SCRIPT_BODY.length so it cannot drift. The prior
-// hardcoded value (4,500) was derived from a ~6K body estimate; the body is
-// actually ~11K chars, so the real ceiling was ~1,850. Commands in the
-// 1,850–4,500 range passed this gate but then failed CreateProcess on
-// Windows, returning valid=false and skipping all AST-based security checks.
-//
-// Unix argv limits are typically 2MB+ (ARG_MAX) with ~128KB per-argument
-// limit (MAX_ARG_STRLEN on Linux; macOS has no per-arg limit below ARG_MAX).
-// At MAX=4,500 the -EncodedCommand argument is ~45KB — well under either.
-// Applying the Windows-derived limit on Unix would REGRESS: commands in the
-// ~1K–4.5K range previously parsed successfully and reached the sub-command
-// deny loop at powershellPermissions.ts; rejecting them pre-spawn degrades
-// user-configured deny rules from deny→ask for compound commands with a
-// denied cmdlet buried mid-script. So the Windows limit is platform-gated.
-//
-// If the Windows limit becomes too restrictive, switch to -File with a temp
-// file for large inputs.
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-const WINDOWS_ARGV_CAP = 32_767
-// pwsh path + " -NoProfile -NonInteractive -NoLogo -EncodedCommand " +
-// argv quoting. A long Windows pwsh path (C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\
-// pwsh.exe) + flags is ~95 chars; 200 leaves headroom for unusual installs.
-const FIXED_ARGV_OVERHEAD = 200
-// "$EncodedCommand = '" + "'\n" wrapper around the user command's base64
-const ENCODED_CMD_WRAPPER = `$EncodedCommand = ''\n`.length
-// Margin for base64 padding rounding (≤4 chars at each of 2 levels) and minor
-// estimation drift. Multibyte expansion is NOT absorbed here — the gate
-// measures actual UTF-8 bytes (Buffer.byteLength), not code units.
-const SAFETY_MARGIN = 100
-const SCRIPT_CHARS_BUDGET = ((WINDOWS_ARGV_CAP - FIXED_ARGV_OVERHEAD) * 3) / 8
-const CMD_B64_BUDGET =
-  SCRIPT_CHARS_BUDGET - PARSE_SCRIPT_BODY.length - ENCODED_CMD_WRAPPER
-// Exported for drift-guard tests (the drift-prone value is the Windows one).
-// Unit: UTF-8 BYTES. Compare against Buffer.byteLength, not .length.
-export const WINDOWS_MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH = Math.max(
-  0,
-  Math.floor((CMD_B64_BUDGET * 3) / 4) - SAFETY_MARGIN,
-)
-// Pre-existing value, known to work on Unix. See comment above re: why the
-// Windows derivation must NOT be applied here. Unit: UTF-8 BYTES — for ASCII
-// commands (the common case) bytes==chars so no regression; for multibyte
-// commands this is slightly tighter but still far below Unix ARG_MAX (~128KB
-// per-arg), so the argv spawn cannot overflow.
-const UNIX_MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH = 4_500
-// Unit: UTF-8 BYTES (see SECURITY note above).
-export const MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH =
-  process.platform === 'win32'
-    ? WINDOWS_MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH
-    : UNIX_MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH
-
-const INVALID_RESULT_BASE: Omit<
-  ParsedPowerShellCommand,
-  'errors' | 'originalCommand'
-> = {
-  valid: false,
-  statements: [],
-  variables: [],
-  hasStopParsing: false,
-}
-
-function makeInvalidResult(
-  command: string,
-  message: string,
-  errorId: string,
-): ParsedPowerShellCommand {
-  return {
-    ...INVALID_RESULT_BASE,
-    errors: [{ message, errorId }],
-    originalCommand: command,
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Base64-encode a string as UTF-16LE, which is the encoding required by
- * PowerShell's -EncodedCommand parameter.
- */
-function toUtf16LeBase64(text: string): string {
-  if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined') {
-    return Buffer.from(text, 'utf16le').toString('base64')
-  }
-  // Fallback for non-Node environments
-  const bytes: number[] = []
-  for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-    const code = text.charCodeAt(i)
-    bytes.push(code & 0xff, (code >> 8) & 0xff)
-  }
-  return btoa(bytes.map(b => String.fromCharCode(b)).join(''))
-}
-
-/**
- * Build the full PowerShell script that parses a command.
- * The user command is Base64-encoded (UTF-8) and embedded in a variable
- * to prevent injection attacks.
- */
-function buildParseScript(command: string): string {
-  const encoded =
-    typeof Buffer !== 'undefined'
-      ? Buffer.from(command, 'utf8').toString('base64')
-      : btoa(
-          new TextEncoder()
-            .encode(command)
-            .reduce((s, b) => s + String.fromCharCode(b), ''),
-        )
-  return `$EncodedCommand = '${encoded}'\n${PARSE_SCRIPT_BODY}`
-}
-
-/**
- * Ensure a value is an array. PowerShell 5.1's ConvertTo-Json may unwrap
- * single-element arrays into plain objects.
- */
-function ensureArray<T>(value: T | T[] | undefined | null): T[] {
-  if (value === undefined || value === null) {
-    return []
-  }
-  return Array.isArray(value) ? value : [value]
-}
-
-/** Map raw .NET AST type name to our StatementType union */
-// exported for testing
-export function mapStatementType(rawType: string): StatementType {
-  switch (rawType) {
-    case 'PipelineAst':
-      return 'PipelineAst'
-    case 'PipelineChainAst':
-      return 'PipelineChainAst'
-    case 'AssignmentStatementAst':
-      return 'AssignmentStatementAst'
-    case 'IfStatementAst':
-      return 'IfStatementAst'
-    case 'ForStatementAst':
-      return 'ForStatementAst'
-    case 'ForEachStatementAst':
-      return 'ForEachStatementAst'
-    case 'WhileStatementAst':
-      return 'WhileStatementAst'
-    case 'DoWhileStatementAst':
-      return 'DoWhileStatementAst'
-    case 'DoUntilStatementAst':
-      return 'DoUntilStatementAst'
-    case 'SwitchStatementAst':
-      return 'SwitchStatementAst'
-    case 'TryStatementAst':
-      return 'TryStatementAst'
-    case 'TrapStatementAst':
-      return 'TrapStatementAst'
-    case 'FunctionDefinitionAst':
-      return 'FunctionDefinitionAst'
-    case 'DataStatementAst':
-      return 'DataStatementAst'
-    default:
-      return 'UnknownStatementAst'
-  }
-}
-
-/** Map raw .NET AST type name to our CommandElementType union */
-// exported for testing
-export function mapElementType(
-  rawType: string,
-  expressionType?: string,
-): CommandElementType {
-  switch (rawType) {
-    case 'ScriptBlockExpressionAst':
-      return 'ScriptBlock'
-    case 'SubExpressionAst':
-    case 'ArrayExpressionAst':
-      // SECURITY: ArrayExpressionAst (@()) is a sibling of SubExpressionAst,
-      // not a subclass. Both evaluate arbitrary pipelines with side effects:
-      // Get-ChildItem @(Remove-Item ./data) runs Remove-Item inside @().
-      // Map both to SubExpression so hasSubExpressions fires and isReadOnlyCommand
-      // rejects (it doesn't check nestedCommands, only pipeline.commands[]).
-      return 'SubExpression'
-    case 'ExpandableStringExpressionAst':
-      return 'ExpandableString'
-    case 'InvokeMemberExpressionAst':
-    case 'MemberExpressionAst':
-      return 'MemberInvocation'
-    case 'VariableExpressionAst':
-      return 'Variable'
-    case 'StringConstantExpressionAst':
-    case 'ConstantExpressionAst':
-      // ConstantExpressionAst covers numeric literals (5, 3.14). For
-      // permission purposes a numeric literal is as safe as a string
-      // literal — it's an inert value, not code. Without this mapping,
-      // `-Seconds:5` produced children[0].type='Other' and consumers
-      // checking `children.some(c => c.type !== 'StringConstant')` would
-      // false-positive ask on harmless numeric args.
-      return 'StringConstant'
-    case 'CommandParameterAst':
-      return 'Parameter'
-    case 'ParenExpressionAst':
-      return 'SubExpression'
-    case 'CommandExpressionAst':
-      // Delegate to the wrapped expression type so we catch SubExpressionAst,
-      // ExpandableStringExpressionAst, ScriptBlockExpressionAst, etc.
-      // without maintaining a manual list. Falls through to 'Other' if the
-      // inner type is unrecognised.
-      if (expressionType) {
-        return mapElementType(expressionType)
-      }
-      return 'Other'
-    default:
-      return 'Other'
-  }
-}
-
-/** Classify command name as cmdlet, application, or unknown */
-// exported for testing
-export function classifyCommandName(
-  name: string,
-): 'cmdlet' | 'application' | 'unknown' {
-  if (/^[A-Za-z]+-[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/.test(name)) {
-    return 'cmdlet'
-  }
-  if (/[.\\/]/.test(name)) {
-    return 'application'
-  }
-  return 'unknown'
-}
-
-/** Strip module prefix from command name (e.g. "Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility\\Invoke-Expression" -> "Invoke-Expression") */
-// exported for testing
-export function stripModulePrefix(name: string): string {
-  const idx = name.lastIndexOf('\\')
-  if (idx < 0) return name
-  // Don't strip file paths: drive letters (C:\...), UNC paths (\\server\...), or relative paths (.\, ..\)
-  if (
-    /^[A-Za-z]:/.test(name) ||
-    name.startsWith('\\\\') ||
-    name.startsWith('.\\') ||
-    name.startsWith('..\\')
-  )
-    return name
-  return name.substring(idx + 1)
-}
-
-/** Transform a raw CommandAst pipeline element into ParsedCommandElement */
-// exported for testing
-export function transformCommandAst(
-  raw: RawPipelineElement,
-): ParsedCommandElement {
-  const cmdElements = ensureArray(raw.commandElements)
-  let name = ''
-  const args: string[] = []
-  const elementTypes: CommandElementType[] = []
-  const children: (CommandElementChild[] | undefined)[] = []
-  let hasChildren = false
-
-  // SECURITY: nameType MUST be computed from the raw name (before
-  // stripModulePrefix). classifyCommandName('scripts\\Get-Process') returns
-  // 'application' (contains \\) — the correct answer, since PowerShell resolves
-  // this as a file path. After stripping it becomes 'Get-Process' which
-  // classifies as 'cmdlet' — wrong, and allowlist checks would trust it.
-  // Auto-allow paths gate on nameType !== 'application' to catch this.
-  // name (stripped) is still used for deny-rule matching symmetry, which is
-  // fail-safe: deny rules over-match (Module\\Remove-Item still hits a
-  // Remove-Item deny), allow rules are separately gated by nameType.
-  let nameType: 'cmdlet' | 'application' | 'unknown' = 'unknown'
-  if (cmdElements.length > 0) {
-    const first = cmdElements[0]!
-    // SECURITY: only trust .value for string-literal element types with a
-    // string-typed value. Numeric ConstantExpressionAst (e.g. `& 1`) emits an
-    // integer .value that crashes stripModulePrefix() → parser falls through
-    // to passthrough. For non-string-literal or non-string .value, use .text.
-    const isFirstStringLiteral =
-      first.type === 'StringConstantExpressionAst' ||
-      first.type === 'ExpandableStringExpressionAst'
-    const rawNameUnstripped =
-      isFirstStringLiteral && typeof first.value === 'string'
-        ? first.value
-        : first.text
-    // SECURITY: strip surrounding quotes from the command name. When .value is
-    // unavailable (no StaticType on the raw node), .text preserves quotes —
-    // `& 'Invoke-Expression' 'x'` yields "'Invoke-Expression'". Stripping here
-    // at the source means every downstream reader of element.name (deny-rule
-    // matching, GIT_SAFETY_WRITE_CMDLETS lookup, resolveToCanonical, etc.)
-    // sees the bare cmdlet name. No-op when .value already stripped.
-    const rawName = rawNameUnstripped.replace(/^['"]|['"]$/g, '')
-    // SECURITY: PowerShell built-in cmdlet names are ASCII-only. Non-ASCII
-    // characters in cmdlet position are inherently suspicious — .NET
-    // OrdinalIgnoreCase folds U+017F (ſ) → S and U+0131 (ı) → I per
-    // UnicodeData.txt SimpleUppercaseMapping, so PowerShell resolves
-    // `ſtart-proceſſ` → Start-Process at runtime. JS .toLowerCase() does NOT
-    // fold these (ſ is already lowercase), so every downstream name
-    // comparison (NEVER_SUGGEST, deny-rule strEquals, resolveToCanonical,
-    // security validators) misses. Force 'application' to gate auto-allow
-    // (blocks at the nameType !== 'application' checks). Finding #31.
-    // Verified on Windows (pwsh 7.x, 2026-03): ſtart-proceſſ does NOT resolve.
-    // Retained as defense-in-depth against future .NET/PS behavior changes
-    // or module-provided command resolution hooks.
-    if (/[\u0080-\uFFFF]/.test(rawName)) {
-      nameType = 'application'
-    } else {
-      nameType = classifyCommandName(rawName)
-    }
-    name = stripModulePrefix(rawName)
-    elementTypes.push(mapElementType(first.type, first.expressionType))
-
-    for (let i = 1; i < cmdElements.length; i++) {
-      const ce = cmdElements[i]!
-      // Use resolved .value for string constants (strips quotes, resolves
-      // backtick escapes like `n -> newline) but keep raw .text for parameters
-      // (where .value loses the dash prefix, e.g. '-Path' -> 'Path'),
-      // variables, and other non-string types.
-      const isStringLiteral =
-        ce.type === 'StringConstantExpressionAst' ||
-        ce.type === 'ExpandableStringExpressionAst'
-      args.push(isStringLiteral && ce.value != null ? ce.value : ce.text)
-      elementTypes.push(mapElementType(ce.type, ce.expressionType))
-      // Map raw children (CommandParameterAst.Argument) through
-      // mapElementType so consumers see 'Variable', 'StringConstant', etc.
-      const rawChildren = ensureArray(ce.children)
-      if (rawChildren.length > 0) {
-        hasChildren = true
-        children.push(
-          rawChildren.map(c => ({
-            type: mapElementType(c.type),
-            text: c.text,
-          })),
-        )
-      } else {
-        children.push(undefined)
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  const result: ParsedCommandElement = {
-    name,
-    nameType,
-    elementType: 'CommandAst',
-    args,
-    text: raw.text,
-    elementTypes,
-    ...(hasChildren ? { children } : {}),
-  }
-
-  // Preserve redirections from nested commands (e.g., in && / || chains)
-  const rawRedirs = ensureArray(raw.redirections)
-  if (rawRedirs.length > 0) {
-    result.redirections = rawRedirs.map(transformRedirection)
-  }
-
-  return result
-}
-
-/** Transform a non-CommandAst pipeline element into ParsedCommandElement */
-// exported for testing
-export function transformExpressionElement(
-  raw: RawPipelineElement,
-): ParsedCommandElement {
-  const elementType: PipelineElementType =
-    raw.type === 'ParenExpressionAst'
-      ? 'ParenExpressionAst'
-      : 'CommandExpressionAst'
-  const elementTypes: CommandElementType[] = [
-    mapElementType(raw.type, raw.expressionType),
-  ]
-
-  return {
-    name: raw.text,
-    nameType: 'unknown',
-    elementType,
-    args: [],
-    text: raw.text,
-    elementTypes,
-  }
-}
-
-/** Map raw redirection to ParsedRedirection */
-// exported for testing
-export function transformRedirection(raw: RawRedirection): ParsedRedirection {
-  if (raw.type === 'MergingRedirectionAst') {
-    return { operator: '2>&1', target: '', isMerging: true }
-  }
-
-  const append = raw.append ?? false
-  const fromStream = raw.fromStream ?? 'Output'
-
-  let operator: ParsedRedirection['operator']
-  if (append) {
-    switch (fromStream) {
-      case 'Error':
-        operator = '2>>'
-        break
-      case 'All':
-        operator = '*>>'
-        break
-      default:
-        operator = '>>'
-        break
-    }
-  } else {
-    switch (fromStream) {
-      case 'Error':
-        operator = '2>'
-        break
-      case 'All':
-        operator = '*>'
-        break
-      default:
-        operator = '>'
-        break
-    }
-  }
-
-  return { operator, target: raw.locationText ?? '', isMerging: false }
-}
-
-/** Transform a raw statement into ParsedStatement */
-// exported for testing
-export function transformStatement(raw: RawStatement): ParsedStatement {
-  const statementType = mapStatementType(raw.type)
-  const commands: ParsedCommandElement[] = []
-  const redirections: ParsedRedirection[] = []
-
-  if (raw.elements) {
-    // PipelineAst: walk pipeline elements
-    for (const elem of ensureArray(raw.elements)) {
-      if (elem.type === 'CommandAst') {
-        commands.push(transformCommandAst(elem))
-        for (const redir of ensureArray(elem.redirections)) {
-          redirections.push(transformRedirection(redir))
-        }
-      } else {
-        commands.push(transformExpressionElement(elem))
-        // SECURITY: CommandExpressionAst also carries .Redirections (inherited
-        // from CommandBaseAst). `1 > /tmp/evil.txt` is a CommandExpressionAst
-        // with a FileRedirectionAst. Must extract here or getFileRedirections()
-        // misses it and compound commands like `Get-ChildItem; 1 > /tmp/x`
-        // auto-allow at step 5 (only Get-ChildItem is checked).
-        for (const redir of ensureArray(elem.redirections)) {
-          redirections.push(transformRedirection(redir))
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    // SECURITY: The PS1 PipelineAst branch does a deep FindAll for
-    // FileRedirectionAst to catch redirections hidden inside:
-    //  - colon-bound ParenExpressionAst args: -Name:('payload' > file)
-    //  - hashtable value statements: @{k='payload' > ~/.bashrc}
-    // Both are invisible at the element level — the redirection's parent
-    // is a child of CommandParameterAst / CommandExpressionAst, not a
-    // separate pipeline element. Merge into statement-level redirections.
-    //
-    // The FindAll ALSO re-discovers direct-element redirections already
-    // captured in the per-element loop above. Dedupe by (operator, target)
-    // so tests and consumers see the real count.
-    const seen = new Set(redirections.map(r => `${r.operator}\0${r.target}`))
-    for (const redir of ensureArray(raw.redirections)) {
-      const r = transformRedirection(redir)
-      const key = `${r.operator}\0${r.target}`
-      if (!seen.has(key)) {
-        seen.add(key)
-        redirections.push(r)
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    // Non-pipeline statement: add synthetic command entry with full text
-    commands.push({
-      name: raw.text,
-      nameType: 'unknown',
-      elementType: 'CommandExpressionAst',
-      args: [],
-      text: raw.text,
-    })
-    // SECURITY: The PS1 else-branch does a direct recursive FindAll on
-    // FileRedirectionAst to catch expression redirections inside control flow
-    // (if/for/foreach/while/switch/try/trap/&& and ||). The CommandAst FindAll
-    // above CANNOT see these: in if ($x) { 1 > /tmp/evil }, the literal 1 with
-    // its attached redirection is a CommandExpressionAst — a SIBLING of
-    // CommandAst in the type hierarchy, not a subclass. So nestedCommands never
-    // contains it, and without this hoist the redirection is invisible to
-    // getFileRedirections → step 4.6 misses it → compound commands like
-    // `Get-Process && 1 > /tmp/evil` auto-allow at step 5 (only Get-Process
-    // is checked, allowlisted).
-    //
-    // Finding FileRedirectionAst DIRECTLY (rather than finding CommandExpressionAst
-    // and extracting .Redirections) is both simpler and more robust: it catches
-    // redirections on any node type, including ones we don't know about yet.
-    //
-    // Double-counts redirections already on nested CommandAst commands (those are
-    // extracted at line ~395 into nestedCommands[i].redirections AND found again
-    // here). Harmless: step 4.6 only checks fileRedirections.length > 0, not
-    // the exact count. No code does arithmetic on redirection counts.
-    //
-    // PS1 SIZE NOTE: The full rationale lives here (TS), not in the PS1 script,
-    // because PS1 comments bloat the -EncodedCommand payload and push the
-    // Windows CreateProcess 32K limit. Keep PS1 comments terse; point them here.
-    for (const redir of ensureArray(raw.redirections)) {
-      redirections.push(transformRedirection(redir))
-    }
-  }
-
-  let nestedCommands: ParsedCommandElement[] | undefined
-  const rawNested = ensureArray(raw.nestedCommands)
-  if (rawNested.length > 0) {
-    nestedCommands = rawNested.map(transformCommandAst)
-  }
-
-  const result: ParsedStatement = {
-    statementType,
-    commands,
-    redirections,
-    text: raw.text,
-    nestedCommands,
-  }
-
-  if (raw.securityPatterns) {
-    result.securityPatterns = raw.securityPatterns
-  }
-
-  return result
-}
-
-/** Transform the complete raw PS output into ParsedPowerShellCommand */
-function transformRawOutput(raw: RawParsedOutput): ParsedPowerShellCommand {
-  const result: ParsedPowerShellCommand = {
-    valid: raw.valid,
-    errors: ensureArray(raw.errors),
-    statements: ensureArray(raw.statements).map(transformStatement),
-    variables: ensureArray(raw.variables),
-    hasStopParsing: raw.hasStopParsing,
-    originalCommand: raw.originalCommand,
-  }
-  const tl = ensureArray(raw.typeLiterals)
-  if (tl.length > 0) {
-    result.typeLiterals = tl
-  }
-  if (raw.hasUsingStatements) {
-    result.hasUsingStatements = true
-  }
-  if (raw.hasScriptRequirements) {
-    result.hasScriptRequirements = true
-  }
-  return result
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse a PowerShell command using the native AST parser.
- * Spawns pwsh to parse the command and returns structured results.
- * Results are memoized by command string.
- *
- * @param command - The PowerShell command to parse
- * @returns Parsed command structure, or a result with valid=false on failure
- */
-async function parsePowerShellCommandImpl(
-  command: string,
-): Promise<ParsedPowerShellCommand> {
-  // SECURITY: MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH is a UTF-8 BYTE budget (see derivation at the
-  // constant definition). command.length counts UTF-16 code units; a CJK
-  // character is 1 code unit but 3 UTF-8 bytes, so .length under-reports by
-  // up to 3× and allows argv overflow on Windows → CreateProcess fails →
-  // valid:false → deny rules degrade to ask. Finding #36.
-  const commandBytes = Buffer.byteLength(command, 'utf8')
-  if (commandBytes > MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH) {
-    logForDebugging(
-      `PowerShell parser: command too long (${commandBytes} bytes, max ${MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH})`,
-    )
-    return makeInvalidResult(
-      command,
-      `Command too long for parsing (${commandBytes} bytes). Maximum supported length is ${MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH} bytes.`,
-      'CommandTooLong',
-    )
-  }
-
-  const pwshPath = await getCachedPowerShellPath()
-  if (!pwshPath) {
-    return makeInvalidResult(
-      command,
-      'PowerShell is not available',
-      'NoPowerShell',
-    )
-  }
-
-  const script = buildParseScript(command)
-
-  // Pass the script to PowerShell via -EncodedCommand.
-  // -EncodedCommand takes a Base64-encoded UTF-16LE string and executes it,
-  // which avoids: (1) stdin interactive-mode issues where -File - produces
-  // PS prompts and ANSI escapes in stdout, (2) command-line escaping issues,
-  // (3) temp files. The script itself is large but well within OS arg limits
-  // (Windows: 32K chars, Unix: typically 2MB+).
-  const encodedScript = toUtf16LeBase64(script)
-  const args = [
-    '-NoProfile',
-    '-NonInteractive',
-    '-NoLogo',
-    '-EncodedCommand',
-    encodedScript,
-  ]
-
-  // Spawn pwsh with one retry on timeout. On loaded CI runners (Windows
-  // especially), pwsh spawn + .NET JIT + ParseInput occasionally exceeds 5s
-  // even after CAN_SPAWN_PARSE_SCRIPT() warms the JIT. execa kills the process
-  // but exitCode is undefined, which the old code reported as the misleading
-  // "pwsh exited with code 1:" with empty stderr. A single retry absorbs
-  // transient load spikes; a double timeout is reported as PwshTimeout.
-  const parseTimeoutMs = getParseTimeoutMs()
-  let stdout = ''
-  let stderr = ''
-  let code: number | null = null
-  let timedOut = false
-  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 2; attempt++) {
-    try {
-      const result = await execa(pwshPath, args, {
-        timeout: parseTimeoutMs,
-        reject: false,
-      })
-      stdout = result.stdout
-      stderr = result.stderr
-      timedOut = result.timedOut
-      code = result.failed ? (result.exitCode ?? 1) : 0
-    } catch (e: unknown) {
-      logForDebugging(
-        `PowerShell parser: failed to spawn pwsh: ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : e}`,
-      )
-      return makeInvalidResult(
-        command,
-        `Failed to spawn PowerShell: ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : e}`,
-        'PwshSpawnError',
-      )
-    }
-    if (!timedOut) break
-    logForDebugging(
-      `PowerShell parser: pwsh timed out after ${parseTimeoutMs}ms (attempt ${attempt + 1})`,
-    )
-  }
-
-  if (timedOut) {
-    return makeInvalidResult(
-      command,
-      `pwsh timed out after ${parseTimeoutMs}ms (2 attempts)`,
-      'PwshTimeout',
-    )
-  }
-
-  if (code !== 0) {
-    logForDebugging(
-      `PowerShell parser: pwsh exited with code ${code}, stderr: ${stderr}`,
-    )
-    return makeInvalidResult(
-      command,
-      `pwsh exited with code ${code}: ${stderr}`,
-      'PwshError',
-    )
-  }
-
-  const trimmed = stdout.trim()
-  if (!trimmed) {
-    logForDebugging('PowerShell parser: empty stdout from pwsh')
-    return makeInvalidResult(
-      command,
-      'No output from PowerShell parser',
-      'EmptyOutput',
-    )
-  }
-
-  try {
-    const raw = jsonParse(trimmed) as RawParsedOutput
-    return transformRawOutput(raw)
-  } catch {
-    logForDebugging(
-      `PowerShell parser: invalid JSON output: ${trimmed.slice(0, 200)}`,
-    )
-    return makeInvalidResult(
-      command,
-      'Invalid JSON from PowerShell parser',
-      'InvalidJson',
-    )
-  }
-}
-
-// Error IDs from makeInvalidResult that represent transient process failures.
-// These should be evicted from the cache so subsequent calls can retry.
-// Deterministic failures (CommandTooLong, syntax errors from successful parses)
-// should stay cached since retrying would produce the same result.
-const TRANSIENT_ERROR_IDS = new Set([
-  'PwshSpawnError',
-  'PwshError',
-  'PwshTimeout',
-  'EmptyOutput',
-  'InvalidJson',
-])
-
-const parsePowerShellCommandCached = memoizeWithLRU(
-  (command: string) => {
-    const promise = parsePowerShellCommandImpl(command)
-    // Evict transient failures after resolution so they can be retried.
-    // The current caller still receives the cached promise for this call,
-    // ensuring concurrent callers share the same result.
-    void promise.then(result => {
-      if (
-        !result.valid &&
-        TRANSIENT_ERROR_IDS.has(result.errors[0]?.errorId ?? '')
-      ) {
-        parsePowerShellCommandCached.cache.delete(command)
-      }
-    })
-    return promise
-  },
-  (command: string) => command,
-  256,
-)
-export { parsePowerShellCommandCached as parsePowerShellCommand }
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Analysis helpers — derived from the parsed AST structure.
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Security-relevant flags derived from the parsed AST.
- */
-type SecurityFlags = {
-  /** Contains $(...) subexpression */
-  hasSubExpressions: boolean
-  /** Contains { ... } script block expressions */
-  hasScriptBlocks: boolean
-  /** Contains @variable splatting */
-  hasSplatting: boolean
-  /** Contains expandable strings with embedded expressions ("...$()...") */
-  hasExpandableStrings: boolean
-  /** Contains .NET method invocations ([Type]::Method or $obj.Method()) */
-  hasMemberInvocations: boolean
-  /** Contains variable assignments ($x = ...) */
-  hasAssignments: boolean
-  /** Uses stop-parsing token (--%) */
-  hasStopParsing: boolean
-}
-
-/**
- * Common PowerShell aliases mapped to their canonical cmdlet names.
- * Uses Object.create(null) to prevent prototype-chain pollution — attacker-controlled
- * command names like 'constructor' or '__proto__' must return undefined, not inherited
- * Object.prototype properties.
- */
-export const COMMON_ALIASES: Record<string, string> = Object.assign(
-  Object.create(null) as Record<string, string>,
-  {
-    // Directory listing
-    ls: 'Get-ChildItem',
-    dir: 'Get-ChildItem',
-    gci: 'Get-ChildItem',
-    // Content
-    cat: 'Get-Content',
-    type: 'Get-Content',
-    gc: 'Get-Content',
-    // Navigation
-    cd: 'Set-Location',
-    sl: 'Set-Location',
-    chdir: 'Set-Location',
-    pushd: 'Push-Location',
-    popd: 'Pop-Location',
-    pwd: 'Get-Location',
-    gl: 'Get-Location',
-    // Items
-    gi: 'Get-Item',
-    gp: 'Get-ItemProperty',
-    ni: 'New-Item',
-    mkdir: 'New-Item',
-    // `md` is PowerShell's built-in alias for `mkdir`. resolveToCanonical is
-    // single-hop (no md→mkdir→New-Item chaining), so it needs its own entry
-    // or `md /etc/x` falls through while `mkdir /etc/x` is caught.
-    md: 'New-Item',
-    ri: 'Remove-Item',
-    del: 'Remove-Item',
-    rd: 'Remove-Item',
-    rmdir: 'Remove-Item',
-    rm: 'Remove-Item',
-    erase: 'Remove-Item',
-    mi: 'Move-Item',
-    mv: 'Move-Item',
-    move: 'Move-Item',
-    ci: 'Copy-Item',
-    cp: 'Copy-Item',
-    copy: 'Copy-Item',
-    cpi: 'Copy-Item',
-    si: 'Set-Item',
-    rni: 'Rename-Item',
-    ren: 'Rename-Item',
-    // Process
-    ps: 'Get-Process',
-    gps: 'Get-Process',
-    kill: 'Stop-Process',
-    spps: 'Stop-Process',
-    start: 'Start-Process',
-    saps: 'Start-Process',
-    sajb: 'Start-Job',
-    ipmo: 'Import-Module',
-    // Output
-    echo: 'Write-Output',
-    write: 'Write-Output',
-    sleep: 'Start-Sleep',
-    // Help
-    help: 'Get-Help',
-    man: 'Get-Help',
-    gcm: 'Get-Command',
-    // Service
-    gsv: 'Get-Service',
-    // Variables
-    gv: 'Get-Variable',
-    sv: 'Set-Variable',
-    // History
-    h: 'Get-History',
-    history: 'Get-History',
-    // Invoke
-    iex: 'Invoke-Expression',
-    iwr: 'Invoke-WebRequest',
-    irm: 'Invoke-RestMethod',
-    icm: 'Invoke-Command',
-    ii: 'Invoke-Item',
-    // PSSession — remote code execution surface
-    nsn: 'New-PSSession',
-    etsn: 'Enter-PSSession',
-    exsn: 'Exit-PSSession',
-    gsn: 'Get-PSSession',
-    rsn: 'Remove-PSSession',
-    // Misc
-    cls: 'Clear-Host',
-    clear: 'Clear-Host',
-    select: 'Select-Object',
-    where: 'Where-Object',
-    foreach: 'ForEach-Object',
-    '%': 'ForEach-Object',
-    '?': 'Where-Object',
-    measure: 'Measure-Object',
-    ft: 'Format-Table',
-    fl: 'Format-List',
-    fw: 'Format-Wide',
-    oh: 'Out-Host',
-    ogv: 'Out-GridView',
-    // SECURITY: The following aliases are deliberately omitted because PS Core 6+
-    // removed them (they collide with native executables). Our allowlist logic
-    // resolves aliases BEFORE checking safety — if we map 'sort' → 'Sort-Object'
-    // but PowerShell 7/Windows actually runs sort.exe, we'd auto-allow the wrong
-    // program.
-    //   'sc'   → sc.exe (Service Controller) — e.g. `sc config Svc binpath= ...`
-    //   'sort' → sort.exe — e.g. `sort /O C:\evil.txt` (arbitrary file write)
-    //   'curl' → curl.exe (shipped with Windows 10 1803+)
-    //   'wget' → wget.exe (if installed)
-    // Prefer to leave ambiguous aliases unmapped — users can write the full name.
-    // If adding aliases that resolve to SAFE_OUTPUT_CMDLETS or
-    // ACCEPT_EDITS_ALLOWED_CMDLETS, verify no native .exe collision on PS Core.
-    ac: 'Add-Content',
-    clc: 'Clear-Content',
-    // Write/export: tee-object/export-csv are in
-    // CMDLET_PATH_CONFIG so path-level Edit denies fire on the full cmdlet name,
-    // but PowerShell's built-in aliases fell through to ask-then-approve because
-    // resolveToCanonical couldn't resolve them). Neither tee-object nor
-    // export-csv is in SAFE_OUTPUT_CMDLETS or ACCEPT_EDITS_ALLOWED_CMDLETS, so
-    // the native-exe collision warning above doesn't apply — on Linux PS Core
-    // where `tee` runs /usr/bin/tee, that binary also writes to its positional
-    // file arg and we correctly extract+check it.
-    tee: 'Tee-Object',
-    epcsv: 'Export-Csv',
-    sp: 'Set-ItemProperty',
-    rp: 'Remove-ItemProperty',
-    cli: 'Clear-Item',
-    epal: 'Export-Alias',
-    // Text search
-    sls: 'Select-String',
-  },
-)
-
-const DIRECTORY_CHANGE_CMDLETS = new Set([
-  'set-location',
-  'push-location',
-  'pop-location',
-])
-
-const DIRECTORY_CHANGE_ALIASES = new Set(['cd', 'sl', 'chdir', 'pushd', 'popd'])
-
-/**
- * Get all command names across all statements, pipeline segments, and nested commands.
- * Returns lowercased names for case-insensitive comparison.
- */
-// exported for testing
-export function getAllCommandNames(parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand): string[] {
-  const names: string[] = []
-  for (const statement of parsed.statements) {
-    for (const cmd of statement.commands) {
-      names.push(cmd.name.toLowerCase())
-    }
-    if (statement.nestedCommands) {
-      for (const cmd of statement.nestedCommands) {
-        names.push(cmd.name.toLowerCase())
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return names
-}
-
-/**
- * Get all pipeline segments as flat list of commands.
- * Useful for checking each command independently.
- */
-export function getAllCommands(
-  parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand,
-): ParsedCommandElement[] {
-  const commands: ParsedCommandElement[] = []
-  for (const statement of parsed.statements) {
-    for (const cmd of statement.commands) {
-      commands.push(cmd)
-    }
-    if (statement.nestedCommands) {
-      for (const cmd of statement.nestedCommands) {
-        commands.push(cmd)
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return commands
-}
-
-/**
- * Get all redirections across all statements.
- */
-// exported for testing
-export function getAllRedirections(
-  parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand,
-): ParsedRedirection[] {
-  const redirections: ParsedRedirection[] = []
-  for (const statement of parsed.statements) {
-    for (const redir of statement.redirections) {
-      redirections.push(redir)
-    }
-    // Include redirections from nested commands (e.g., from && / || chains)
-    if (statement.nestedCommands) {
-      for (const cmd of statement.nestedCommands) {
-        if (cmd.redirections) {
-          for (const redir of cmd.redirections) {
-            redirections.push(redir)
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return redirections
-}
-
-/**
- * Get all variables, optionally filtered by scope (e.g., 'env').
- * Variable paths in PowerShell can have scopes like "env:PATH", "global:x".
- */
-export function getVariablesByScope(
-  parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand,
-  scope: string,
-): ParsedVariable[] {
-  const prefix = scope.toLowerCase() + ':'
-  return parsed.variables.filter(v => v.path.toLowerCase().startsWith(prefix))
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if any command in the parsed result matches a given name (case-insensitive).
- * Handles common aliases too.
- */
-export function hasCommandNamed(
-  parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand,
-  name: string,
-): boolean {
-  const lowerName = name.toLowerCase()
-  const canonicalFromAlias = COMMON_ALIASES[lowerName]?.toLowerCase()
-
-  for (const cmdName of getAllCommandNames(parsed)) {
-    if (cmdName === lowerName) {
-      return true
-    }
-    // Check if the command is an alias that resolves to the requested name
-    const canonical = COMMON_ALIASES[cmdName]?.toLowerCase()
-    if (canonical === lowerName) {
-      return true
-    }
-    // Check if the requested name is an alias and the command is its canonical form
-    if (canonicalFromAlias && cmdName === canonicalFromAlias) {
-      return true
-    }
-    // Check if both resolve to the same canonical cmdlet (alias-to-alias match)
-    if (canonical && canonicalFromAlias && canonical === canonicalFromAlias) {
-      return true
-    }
-  }
-  return false
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if the command contains any directory-changing commands.
- * (Set-Location, cd, sl, chdir, Push-Location, pushd, Pop-Location, popd)
- */
-// exported for testing
-export function hasDirectoryChange(parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand): boolean {
-  for (const cmdName of getAllCommandNames(parsed)) {
-    if (
-      DIRECTORY_CHANGE_CMDLETS.has(cmdName) ||
-      DIRECTORY_CHANGE_ALIASES.has(cmdName)
-    ) {
-      return true
-    }
-  }
-  return false
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if the command is a single simple command (no pipes, no semicolons, no operators).
- */
-// exported for testing
-export function isSingleCommand(parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand): boolean {
-  const stmt = parsed.statements[0]
-  return (
-    parsed.statements.length === 1 &&
-    stmt !== undefined &&
-    stmt.commands.length === 1 &&
-    (!stmt.nestedCommands || stmt.nestedCommands.length === 0)
-  )
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if a specific command has a given argument/flag (case-insensitive).
- * Useful for checking "-EncodedCommand", "-Recurse", etc.
- */
-export function commandHasArg(
-  command: ParsedCommandElement,
-  arg: string,
-): boolean {
-  const lowerArg = arg.toLowerCase()
-  return command.args.some(a => a.toLowerCase() === lowerArg)
-}
-
-/**
- * Tokenizer-level dash characters that PowerShell's parser accepts as
- * parameter prefixes. SpecialCharacters.IsDash (CharTraits.cs) accepts exactly
- * these four: ASCII hyphen-minus, en-dash, em-dash, horizontal bar. These are
- * tokenizer-level — they apply to ALL cmdlet parameters, not just argv to
- * powershell.exe (contrast with `/` which is an argv-parser quirk of
- * powershell.exe 5.1 only; see PS_ALT_PARAM_PREFIXES in powershellSecurity.ts).
- *
- * Extent.Text preserves the raw character; transformCommandAst uses ce.text
- * for CommandParameterAst elements, so these reach callers unchanged.
- */
-export const PS_TOKENIZER_DASH_CHARS = new Set([
-  '-', // U+002D hyphen-minus (ASCII)
-  '\u2013', // en-dash
-  '\u2014', // em-dash
-  '\u2015', // horizontal bar
-])
-
-/**
- * Determines if an argument is a PowerShell parameter (flag), using the AST
- * element type as ground truth when available.
- *
- * The parser maps CommandParameterAst → 'Parameter' regardless of which dash
- * character the user typed — PowerShell's tokenizer handles that. So when
- * elementType is available, it's authoritative:
- *   - 'Parameter' → true (covers `-Path`, `–Path`, `—Path`, `―Path`)
- *   - anything else → false (a quoted "-Path" is StringConstant, not a param)
- *
- * When elementType is unavailable (backward compat / no AST detail), fall back
- * to a char check against PS_TOKENIZER_DASH_CHARS.
- */
-export function isPowerShellParameter(
-  arg: string,
-  elementType?: CommandElementType,
-): boolean {
-  if (elementType !== undefined) {
-    return elementType === 'Parameter'
-  }
-  return arg.length > 0 && PS_TOKENIZER_DASH_CHARS.has(arg[0]!)
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if any argument on a command is an unambiguous abbreviation of a PowerShell parameter.
- * PowerShell allows parameter abbreviation as long as the prefix is unambiguous.
- * The minPrefix is the shortest unambiguous prefix for the parameter.
- * For example, minPrefix '-en' for fullParam '-encodedcommand' matches '-en', '-enc', '-enco', etc.
- */
-export function commandHasArgAbbreviation(
-  command: ParsedCommandElement,
-  fullParam: string,
-  minPrefix: string,
-): boolean {
-  const lowerFull = fullParam.toLowerCase()
-  const lowerMin = minPrefix.toLowerCase()
-  return command.args.some(a => {
-    // Strip colon-bound value (e.g., -en:base64value -> -en)
-    const colonIndex = a.indexOf(':', 1)
-    const paramPart = colonIndex > 0 ? a.slice(0, colonIndex) : a
-    // Strip backtick escapes — PowerShell resolves `-Member`Name` to
-    // `-MemberName` but Extent.Text preserves the backtick, causing
-    // prefix-comparison misses on the raw text.
-    const lower = paramPart.replace(/`/g, '').toLowerCase()
-    return (
-      lower.startsWith(lowerMin) &&
-      lowerFull.startsWith(lower) &&
-      lower.length <= lowerFull.length
-    )
-  })
-}
-
-/**
- * Split a parsed command into its pipeline segments for per-segment permission checking.
- * Returns each pipeline's commands separately.
- */
-export function getPipelineSegments(
-  parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand,
-): ParsedStatement[] {
-  return parsed.statements
-}
-
-/**
- * True if a redirection target is PowerShell's `$null` automatic variable.
- * `> $null` discards output (like /dev/null) — not a filesystem write.
- * `$null` cannot be reassigned, so this is safe to treat as a no-op sink.
- * `${null}` is the same automatic variable via curly-brace syntax. Spaces
- * inside the braces (`${ null }`) name a different variable, so no regex.
- */
-export function isNullRedirectionTarget(target: string): boolean {
-  const t = target.trim().toLowerCase()
-  return t === '$null' || t === '${null}'
-}
-
-/**
- * Get output redirections (file redirections, not merging redirections).
- * Returns only redirections that write to files.
- */
-// exported for testing
-export function getFileRedirections(
-  parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand,
-): ParsedRedirection[] {
-  return getAllRedirections(parsed).filter(
-    r => !r.isMerging && !isNullRedirectionTarget(r.target),
-  )
-}
-
-/**
- * Derive security-relevant flags from the parsed command structure.
- * This replaces the previous approach of computing flags in PowerShell via
- * separate Find-AstNodes calls. Instead, the PS1 script tags each element
- * with its AST node type, and this function walks those types.
- */
-// exported for testing
-export function deriveSecurityFlags(
-  parsed: ParsedPowerShellCommand,
-): SecurityFlags {
-  const flags: SecurityFlags = {
-    hasSubExpressions: false,
-    hasScriptBlocks: false,
-    hasSplatting: false,
-    hasExpandableStrings: false,
-    hasMemberInvocations: false,
-    hasAssignments: false,
-    hasStopParsing: parsed.hasStopParsing,
-  }
-
-  function checkElements(cmd: ParsedCommandElement): void {
-    if (!cmd.elementTypes) {
-      return
-    }
-    for (const et of cmd.elementTypes) {
-      switch (et) {
-        case 'ScriptBlock':
-          flags.hasScriptBlocks = true
-          break
-        case 'SubExpression':
-          flags.hasSubExpressions = true
-          break
-        case 'ExpandableString':
-          flags.hasExpandableStrings = true
-          break
-        case 'MemberInvocation':
-          flags.hasMemberInvocations = true
-          break
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (const stmt of parsed.statements) {
-    if (stmt.statementType === 'AssignmentStatementAst') {
-      flags.hasAssignments = true
-    }
-    for (const cmd of stmt.commands) {
-      checkElements(cmd)
-    }
-    if (stmt.nestedCommands) {
-      for (const cmd of stmt.nestedCommands) {
-        checkElements(cmd)
-      }
-    }
-    // securityPatterns provides a belt-and-suspenders check that catches
-    // patterns elementTypes may miss (e.g. member invocations inside
-    // assignments, subexpressions in non-pipeline statements).
-    if (stmt.securityPatterns) {
-      if (stmt.securityPatterns.hasMemberInvocations) {
-        flags.hasMemberInvocations = true
-      }
-      if (stmt.securityPatterns.hasSubExpressions) {
-        flags.hasSubExpressions = true
-      }
-      if (stmt.securityPatterns.hasExpandableStrings) {
-        flags.hasExpandableStrings = true
-      }
-      if (stmt.securityPatterns.hasScriptBlocks) {
-        flags.hasScriptBlocks = true
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (const v of parsed.variables) {
-    if (v.isSplatted) {
-      flags.hasSplatting = true
-      break
-    }
-  }
-
-  return flags
-}
-
-// Raw types exported for testing (function exports are inline above)