rocksdb-native 2.6.2 → 2.6.4

package/vendor/librocksdb/vendor/rocksdb/db/db_impl/db_impl.h

@@ -1,3056 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
-// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
-#pragma once
-
-#include <atomic>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <deque>
-#include <functional>
-#include <limits>
-#include <list>
-#include <map>
-#include <set>
-#include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "db/column_family.h"
-#include "db/compaction/compaction_iterator.h"
-#include "db/compaction/compaction_job.h"
-#include "db/error_handler.h"
-#include "db/event_helpers.h"
-#include "db/external_sst_file_ingestion_job.h"
-#include "db/flush_job.h"
-#include "db/flush_scheduler.h"
-#include "db/import_column_family_job.h"
-#include "db/internal_stats.h"
-#include "db/log_writer.h"
-#include "db/logs_with_prep_tracker.h"
-#include "db/memtable_list.h"
-#include "db/periodic_task_scheduler.h"
-#include "db/post_memtable_callback.h"
-#include "db/pre_release_callback.h"
-#include "db/range_del_aggregator.h"
-#include "db/read_callback.h"
-#include "db/seqno_to_time_mapping.h"
-#include "db/snapshot_checker.h"
-#include "db/snapshot_impl.h"
-#include "db/trim_history_scheduler.h"
-#include "db/version_edit.h"
-#include "db/wal_manager.h"
-#include "db/write_controller.h"
-#include "db/write_thread.h"
-#include "logging/event_logger.h"
-#include "monitoring/instrumented_mutex.h"
-#include "options/db_options.h"
-#include "port/port.h"
-#include "rocksdb/attribute_groups.h"
-#include "rocksdb/db.h"
-#include "rocksdb/env.h"
-#include "rocksdb/memtablerep.h"
-#include "rocksdb/status.h"
-#include "rocksdb/trace_reader_writer.h"
-#include "rocksdb/transaction_log.h"
-#include "rocksdb/user_write_callback.h"
-#include "rocksdb/utilities/replayer.h"
-#include "rocksdb/write_buffer_manager.h"
-#include "table/merging_iterator.h"
-#include "util/autovector.h"
-#include "util/hash.h"
-#include "util/repeatable_thread.h"
-#include "util/stop_watch.h"
-#include "util/thread_local.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-class Arena;
-class ArenaWrappedDBIter;
-class InMemoryStatsHistoryIterator;
-class MemTable;
-class PersistentStatsHistoryIterator;
-class TableCache;
-class TaskLimiterToken;
-class Version;
-class VersionEdit;
-class VersionSet;
-class WriteCallback;
-struct JobContext;
-struct ExternalSstFileInfo;
-struct MemTableInfo;
-
-// Class to maintain directories for all database paths other than main one.
-class Directories {
- public:
-  IOStatus SetDirectories(FileSystem* fs, const std::string& dbname,
-                          const std::string& wal_dir,
-                          const std::vector<DbPath>& data_paths);
-
-  FSDirectory* GetDataDir(size_t path_id) const {
-    assert(path_id < data_dirs_.size());
-    FSDirectory* ret_dir = data_dirs_[path_id].get();
-    if (ret_dir == nullptr) {
-      // Should use db_dir_
-      return db_dir_.get();
-    }
-    return ret_dir;
-  }
-
-  FSDirectory* GetWalDir() {
-    if (wal_dir_) {
-      return wal_dir_.get();
-    }
-    return db_dir_.get();
-  }
-
-  FSDirectory* GetDbDir() { return db_dir_.get(); }
-
-  IOStatus Close(const IOOptions& options, IODebugContext* dbg) {
-    // close all directories for all database paths
-    IOStatus s = IOStatus::OK();
-
-    // The default implementation for Close() in Directory/FSDirectory class
-    // "NotSupported" status, the upper level interface should be able to
-    // handle this error so that Close() does not fail after upgrading when
-    // run on FileSystems that have not implemented `Directory::Close()` or
-    // `FSDirectory::Close()` yet
-
-    if (db_dir_) {
-      IOStatus temp_s = db_dir_->Close(options, dbg);
-      if (!temp_s.ok() && !temp_s.IsNotSupported() && s.ok()) {
-        s = std::move(temp_s);
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Attempt to close everything even if one fails
-    s.PermitUncheckedError();
-
-    if (wal_dir_) {
-      IOStatus temp_s = wal_dir_->Close(options, dbg);
-      if (!temp_s.ok() && !temp_s.IsNotSupported() && s.ok()) {
-        s = std::move(temp_s);
-      }
-    }
-
-    s.PermitUncheckedError();
-
-    for (auto& data_dir_ptr : data_dirs_) {
-      if (data_dir_ptr) {
-        IOStatus temp_s = data_dir_ptr->Close(options, dbg);
-        if (!temp_s.ok() && !temp_s.IsNotSupported() && s.ok()) {
-          s = std::move(temp_s);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Ready for caller
-    s.MustCheck();
-    return s;
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::unique_ptr<FSDirectory> db_dir_;
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FSDirectory>> data_dirs_;
-  std::unique_ptr<FSDirectory> wal_dir_;
-};
-
-// While DB is the public interface of RocksDB, and DBImpl is the actual
-// class implementing it. It's the entrance of the core RocksdB engine.
-// All other DB implementations, e.g. TransactionDB, BlobDB, etc, wrap a
-// DBImpl internally.
-// Other than functions implementing the DB interface, some public
-// functions are there for other internal components to call. For
-// example, TransactionDB directly calls DBImpl::WriteImpl() and
-// BlobDB directly calls DBImpl::GetImpl(). Some other functions
-// are for sub-components to call. For example, ColumnFamilyHandleImpl
-// calls DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles().
-//
-// Since it's a very large class, the definition of the functions is
-// divided in several db_impl_*.cc files, besides db_impl.cc.
-class DBImpl : public DB {
- public:
-  DBImpl(const DBOptions& options, const std::string& dbname,
-         const bool seq_per_batch = false, const bool batch_per_txn = true,
-         bool read_only = false);
-  // No copying allowed
-  DBImpl(const DBImpl&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DBImpl&) = delete;
-
-  virtual ~DBImpl();
-
-  // ---- Implementations of the DB interface ----
-
-  using DB::Resume;
-  Status Resume() override;
-
-  using DB::Put;
-  Status Put(const WriteOptions& options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-             const Slice& key, const Slice& value) override;
-  Status Put(const WriteOptions& options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-             const Slice& key, const Slice& ts, const Slice& value) override;
-
-  using DB::PutEntity;
-  Status PutEntity(const WriteOptions& options,
-                   ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
-                   const WideColumns& columns) override;
-  Status PutEntity(const WriteOptions& options, const Slice& key,
-                   const AttributeGroups& attribute_groups) override;
-
-  using DB::Merge;
-  Status Merge(const WriteOptions& options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-               const Slice& key, const Slice& value) override;
-  Status Merge(const WriteOptions& options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-               const Slice& key, const Slice& ts, const Slice& value) override;
-
-  using DB::Delete;
-  Status Delete(const WriteOptions& options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                const Slice& key) override;
-  Status Delete(const WriteOptions& options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                const Slice& key, const Slice& ts) override;
-
-  using DB::SingleDelete;
-  Status SingleDelete(const WriteOptions& options,
-                      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                      const Slice& key) override;
-  Status SingleDelete(const WriteOptions& options,
-                      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
-                      const Slice& ts) override;
-
-  using DB::DeleteRange;
-  Status DeleteRange(const WriteOptions& options,
-                     ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& begin_key,
-                     const Slice& end_key) override;
-  Status DeleteRange(const WriteOptions& options,
-                     ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& begin_key,
-                     const Slice& end_key, const Slice& ts) override;
-
-  using DB::Write;
-  Status Write(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates) override;
-
-  using DB::WriteWithCallback;
-  Status WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates,
-                           UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb) override;
-
-  using DB::Get;
-  Status Get(const ReadOptions& _read_options,
-             ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
-             PinnableSlice* value, std::string* timestamp) override;
-
-  using DB::GetEntity;
-  Status GetEntity(const ReadOptions& options,
-                   ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
-                   PinnableWideColumns* columns) override;
-  Status GetEntity(const ReadOptions& options, const Slice& key,
-                   PinnableAttributeGroups* result) override;
-
-  using DB::GetMergeOperands;
-  Status GetMergeOperands(const ReadOptions& options,
-                          ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
-                          PinnableSlice* merge_operands,
-                          GetMergeOperandsOptions* get_merge_operands_options,
-                          int* number_of_operands) override {
-    GetImplOptions get_impl_options;
-    get_impl_options.column_family = column_family;
-    get_impl_options.merge_operands = merge_operands;
-    get_impl_options.get_merge_operands_options = get_merge_operands_options;
-    get_impl_options.number_of_operands = number_of_operands;
-    get_impl_options.get_value = false;
-    return GetImpl(options, key, get_impl_options);
-  }
-
-  using DB::MultiGet;
-  // This MultiGet is a batched version, which may be faster than calling Get
-  // multiple times, especially if the keys have some spatial locality that
-  // enables them to be queried in the same SST files/set of files. The larger
-  // the batch size, the more scope for batching and performance improvement
-  // The values and statuses parameters are arrays with number of elements
-  // equal to keys.size(). This allows the storage for those to be alloacted
-  // by the caller on the stack for small batches
-  void MultiGet(const ReadOptions& _read_options, const size_t num_keys,
-                ColumnFamilyHandle** column_families, const Slice* keys,
-                PinnableSlice* values, std::string* timestamps,
-                Status* statuses, const bool sorted_input = false) override;
-
-  void MultiGetWithCallback(
-      const ReadOptions& _read_options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-      ReadCallback* callback,
-      autovector<KeyContext*, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* sorted_keys);
-
-  using DB::MultiGetEntity;
-
-  void MultiGetEntity(const ReadOptions& options,
-                      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, size_t num_keys,
-                      const Slice* keys, PinnableWideColumns* results,
-                      Status* statuses, bool sorted_input) override;
-
-  void MultiGetEntity(const ReadOptions& options, size_t num_keys,
-                      ColumnFamilyHandle** column_families, const Slice* keys,
-                      PinnableWideColumns* results, Status* statuses,
-                      bool sorted_input) override;
-  void MultiGetEntity(const ReadOptions& options, size_t num_keys,
-                      const Slice* keys,
-                      PinnableAttributeGroups* results) override;
-
-  void MultiGetEntityWithCallback(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-      ReadCallback* callback,
-      autovector<KeyContext*, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* sorted_keys);
-
-  Status CreateColumnFamily(const ColumnFamilyOptions& cf_options,
-                            const std::string& column_family,
-                            ColumnFamilyHandle** handle) override {
-    // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-    return CreateColumnFamily(ReadOptions(), WriteOptions(), cf_options,
-                              column_family, handle);
-  }
-  virtual Status CreateColumnFamily(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                                    const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                                    const ColumnFamilyOptions& cf_options,
-                                    const std::string& column_family,
-                                    ColumnFamilyHandle** handle);
-  Status CreateColumnFamilies(
-      const ColumnFamilyOptions& cf_options,
-      const std::vector<std::string>& column_family_names,
-      std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>* handles) override {
-    // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-    return CreateColumnFamilies(ReadOptions(), WriteOptions(), cf_options,
-                                column_family_names, handles);
-  }
-  virtual Status CreateColumnFamilies(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, const WriteOptions& write_options,
-      const ColumnFamilyOptions& cf_options,
-      const std::vector<std::string>& column_family_names,
-      std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>* handles);
-
-  Status CreateColumnFamilies(
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
-      std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>* handles) override {
-    // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-    return CreateColumnFamilies(ReadOptions(), WriteOptions(), column_families,
-                                handles);
-  }
-  virtual Status CreateColumnFamilies(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, const WriteOptions& write_options,
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
-      std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>* handles);
-  Status DropColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) override;
-  Status DropColumnFamilies(
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_families) override;
-
-  // Returns false if key doesn't exist in the database and true if it may.
-  // If value_found is not passed in as null, then return the value if found in
-  // memory. On return, if value was found, then value_found will be set to true
-  // , otherwise false.
-  using DB::KeyMayExist;
-  bool KeyMayExist(const ReadOptions& options,
-                   ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
-                   std::string* value, std::string* timestamp,
-                   bool* value_found = nullptr) override;
-
-  using DB::NewIterator;
-  Iterator* NewIterator(const ReadOptions& _read_options,
-                        ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) override;
-  Status NewIterators(const ReadOptions& _read_options,
-                      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_families,
-                      std::vector<Iterator*>* iterators) override;
-
-  const Snapshot* GetSnapshot() override;
-  void ReleaseSnapshot(const Snapshot* snapshot) override;
-
-  // EXPERIMENTAL
-  std::unique_ptr<Iterator> NewCoalescingIterator(
-      const ReadOptions& options,
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_families) override;
-
-  // EXPERIMENTAL
-  std::unique_ptr<AttributeGroupIterator> NewAttributeGroupIterator(
-      const ReadOptions& options,
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_families) override;
-
-  // Create a timestamped snapshot. This snapshot can be shared by multiple
-  // readers. If any of them uses it for write conflict checking, then
-  // is_write_conflict_boundary is true. For simplicity, set it to true by
-  // default.
-  std::pair<Status, std::shared_ptr<const Snapshot>> CreateTimestampedSnapshot(
-      SequenceNumber snapshot_seq, uint64_t ts);
-  std::shared_ptr<const SnapshotImpl> GetTimestampedSnapshot(uint64_t ts) const;
-  void ReleaseTimestampedSnapshotsOlderThan(
-      uint64_t ts, size_t* remaining_total_ss = nullptr);
-  Status GetTimestampedSnapshots(uint64_t ts_lb, uint64_t ts_ub,
-                                 std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Snapshot>>&
-                                     timestamped_snapshots) const;
-
-  using DB::GetProperty;
-  bool GetProperty(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& property,
-                   std::string* value) override;
-  using DB::GetMapProperty;
-  bool GetMapProperty(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& property,
-                      std::map<std::string, std::string>* value) override;
-  using DB::GetIntProperty;
-  bool GetIntProperty(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& property,
-                      uint64_t* value) override;
-  using DB::GetAggregatedIntProperty;
-  bool GetAggregatedIntProperty(const Slice& property,
-                                uint64_t* aggregated_value) override;
-  using DB::GetApproximateSizes;
-  Status GetApproximateSizes(const SizeApproximationOptions& options,
-                             ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                             const Range* range, int n,
-                             uint64_t* sizes) override;
-  using DB::GetApproximateMemTableStats;
-  void GetApproximateMemTableStats(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                                   const Range& range, uint64_t* const count,
-                                   uint64_t* const size) override;
-  using DB::CompactRange;
-  Status CompactRange(const CompactRangeOptions& options,
-                      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice* begin,
-                      const Slice* end) override;
-
-  using DB::CompactFiles;
-  Status CompactFiles(
-      const CompactionOptions& compact_options,
-      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-      const std::vector<std::string>& input_file_names, const int output_level,
-      const int output_path_id = -1,
-      std::vector<std::string>* const output_file_names = nullptr,
-      CompactionJobInfo* compaction_job_info = nullptr) override;
-
-  Status PauseBackgroundWork() override;
-  Status ContinueBackgroundWork() override;
-
-  Status EnableAutoCompaction(
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_family_handles) override;
-
-  void EnableManualCompaction() override;
-  void DisableManualCompaction() override;
-
-  using DB::SetOptions;
-  Status SetOptions(
-      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& options_map) override;
-
-  Status SetDBOptions(
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& options_map) override;
-
-  using DB::NumberLevels;
-  int NumberLevels(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) override;
-  using DB::MaxMemCompactionLevel;
-  int MaxMemCompactionLevel(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) override;
-  using DB::Level0StopWriteTrigger;
-  int Level0StopWriteTrigger(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) override;
-  const std::string& GetName() const override;
-  Env* GetEnv() const override;
-  FileSystem* GetFileSystem() const override;
-  using DB::GetOptions;
-  Options GetOptions(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) const override;
-  using DB::GetDBOptions;
-  DBOptions GetDBOptions() const override;
-  using DB::Flush;
-  Status Flush(const FlushOptions& options,
-               ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) override;
-  Status Flush(
-      const FlushOptions& options,
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_families) override;
-  Status FlushWAL(bool sync) override {
-    // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-    return FlushWAL(WriteOptions(), sync);
-  }
-
-  virtual Status FlushWAL(const WriteOptions& write_options, bool sync);
-  bool WALBufferIsEmpty();
-  Status SyncWAL() override;
-  Status LockWAL() override;
-  Status UnlockWAL() override;
-
-  SequenceNumber GetLatestSequenceNumber() const override;
-
-  // IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(ColumnFamilyHandle*, std::string) will acquire
-  // and release db_mutex
-  Status IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                                  std::string ts_low) override;
-
-  // GetFullHistoryTsLow(ColumnFamilyHandle*, std::string*) will acquire and
-  // release db_mutex
-  Status GetFullHistoryTsLow(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                             std::string* ts_low) override;
-
-  Status GetDbIdentity(std::string& identity) const override;
-
-  virtual Status GetDbIdentityFromIdentityFile(std::string* identity) const;
-
-  Status GetDbSessionId(std::string& session_id) const override;
-
-  ColumnFamilyHandle* DefaultColumnFamily() const override;
-
-  ColumnFamilyHandle* PersistentStatsColumnFamily() const;
-
-  Status Close() override;
-
-  Status DisableFileDeletions() override;
-
-  Status EnableFileDeletions() override;
-
-  virtual bool IsFileDeletionsEnabled() const;
-
-  Status GetStatsHistory(
-      uint64_t start_time, uint64_t end_time,
-      std::unique_ptr<StatsHistoryIterator>* stats_iterator) override;
-
-  using DB::ResetStats;
-  Status ResetStats() override;
-  // All the returned filenames start with "/"
-  Status GetLiveFiles(std::vector<std::string>&, uint64_t* manifest_file_size,
-                      bool flush_memtable = true) override;
-  Status GetSortedWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& files) override;
-  Status GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos);
-
-  // Get the known flushed sizes of WALs that might still be written to
-  // or have pending sync.
-  // NOTE: unlike alive_log_files_, this function includes WALs that might
-  // be obsolete (but not obsolete to a pending Checkpoint) and not yet fully
-  // synced.
-  Status GetOpenWalSizes(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>& number_to_size);
-  Status GetCurrentWalFile(std::unique_ptr<WalFile>* current_log_file) override;
-  Status GetCreationTimeOfOldestFile(uint64_t* creation_time) override;
-
-  Status GetUpdatesSince(
-      SequenceNumber seq_number, std::unique_ptr<TransactionLogIterator>* iter,
-      const TransactionLogIterator::ReadOptions& read_options =
-          TransactionLogIterator::ReadOptions()) override;
-  Status DeleteFile(std::string name) override;
-  Status DeleteFilesInRanges(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                             const RangePtr* ranges, size_t n,
-                             bool include_end = true);
-
-  void GetLiveFilesMetaData(std::vector<LiveFileMetaData>* metadata) override;
-
-  Status GetLiveFilesChecksumInfo(FileChecksumList* checksum_list) override;
-
-  Status GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
-      const LiveFilesStorageInfoOptions& opts,
-      std::vector<LiveFileStorageInfo>* files) override;
-
-  // Obtains the meta data of the specified column family of the DB.
-  // TODO(yhchiang): output parameter is placed in the end in this codebase.
-  void GetColumnFamilyMetaData(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                               ColumnFamilyMetaData* metadata) override;
-
-  void GetAllColumnFamilyMetaData(
-      std::vector<ColumnFamilyMetaData>* metadata) override;
-
-  Status SuggestCompactRange(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                             const Slice* begin, const Slice* end) override;
-
-  Status PromoteL0(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                   int target_level) override;
-
-  using DB::IngestExternalFile;
-  Status IngestExternalFile(
-      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-      const std::vector<std::string>& external_files,
-      const IngestExternalFileOptions& ingestion_options) override;
-
-  using DB::IngestExternalFiles;
-  Status IngestExternalFiles(
-      const std::vector<IngestExternalFileArg>& args) override;
-
-  using DB::CreateColumnFamilyWithImport;
-  Status CreateColumnFamilyWithImport(
-      const ColumnFamilyOptions& options, const std::string& column_family_name,
-      const ImportColumnFamilyOptions& import_options,
-      const std::vector<const ExportImportFilesMetaData*>& metadatas,
-      ColumnFamilyHandle** handle) override;
-
-  using DB::ClipColumnFamily;
-  Status ClipColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                          const Slice& begin_key,
-                          const Slice& end_key) override;
-
-  using DB::VerifyFileChecksums;
-  Status VerifyFileChecksums(const ReadOptions& read_options) override;
-
-  using DB::VerifyChecksum;
-  Status VerifyChecksum(const ReadOptions& /*read_options*/) override;
-  // Verify the checksums of files in db. Currently only tables are checked.
-  //
-  // read_options: controls file I/O behavior, e.g. read ahead size while
-  //               reading all the live table files.
-  //
-  // use_file_checksum: if false, verify the block checksums of all live table
-  //                    in db. Otherwise, obtain the file checksums and compare
-  //                    with the MANIFEST. Currently, file checksums are
-  //                    recomputed by reading all table files.
-  //
-  // Returns: OK if there is no file whose file or block checksum mismatches.
-  Status VerifyChecksumInternal(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                                bool use_file_checksum);
-
-  Status VerifyFullFileChecksum(const std::string& file_checksum_expected,
-                                const std::string& func_name_expected,
-                                const std::string& fpath,
-                                const ReadOptions& read_options);
-
-  using DB::StartTrace;
-  Status StartTrace(const TraceOptions& options,
-                    std::unique_ptr<TraceWriter>&& trace_writer) override;
-
-  using DB::EndTrace;
-  Status EndTrace() override;
-
-  using DB::NewDefaultReplayer;
-  Status NewDefaultReplayer(const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& handles,
-                            std::unique_ptr<TraceReader>&& reader,
-                            std::unique_ptr<Replayer>* replayer) override;
-
-  using DB::StartBlockCacheTrace;
-  Status StartBlockCacheTrace(
-      const TraceOptions& trace_options,
-      std::unique_ptr<TraceWriter>&& trace_writer) override;
-
-  Status StartBlockCacheTrace(
-      const BlockCacheTraceOptions& options,
-      std::unique_ptr<BlockCacheTraceWriter>&& trace_writer) override;
-
-  using DB::EndBlockCacheTrace;
-  Status EndBlockCacheTrace() override;
-
-  using DB::StartIOTrace;
-  Status StartIOTrace(const TraceOptions& options,
-                      std::unique_ptr<TraceWriter>&& trace_writer) override;
-
-  using DB::EndIOTrace;
-  Status EndIOTrace() override;
-
-  using DB::GetPropertiesOfAllTables;
-  Status GetPropertiesOfAllTables(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                                  TablePropertiesCollection* props) override;
-  Status GetPropertiesOfTablesInRange(
-      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Range* range, std::size_t n,
-      TablePropertiesCollection* props) override;
-
-  // ---- End of implementations of the DB interface ----
-  SystemClock* GetSystemClock() const;
-
-  struct GetImplOptions {
-    ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family = nullptr;
-    PinnableSlice* value = nullptr;
-    PinnableWideColumns* columns = nullptr;
-    std::string* timestamp = nullptr;
-    bool* value_found = nullptr;
-    ReadCallback* callback = nullptr;
-    bool* is_blob_index = nullptr;
-    // If true return value associated with key via value pointer else return
-    // all merge operands for key via merge_operands pointer
-    bool get_value = true;
-    // Pointer to an array of size
-    // get_merge_operands_options.expected_max_number_of_operands allocated by
-    // user
-    PinnableSlice* merge_operands = nullptr;
-    GetMergeOperandsOptions* get_merge_operands_options = nullptr;
-    int* number_of_operands = nullptr;
-  };
-
-  Status GetImpl(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                 ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
-                 PinnableSlice* value);
-
-  Status GetImpl(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                 ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
-                 PinnableSlice* value, std::string* timestamp);
-
-  // Function that Get and KeyMayExist call with no_io true or false
-  // Note: 'value_found' from KeyMayExist propagates here
-  // This function is also called by GetMergeOperands
-  // If get_impl_options.get_value = true get value associated with
-  // get_impl_options.key via get_impl_options.value
-  // If get_impl_options.get_value = false get merge operands associated with
-  // get_impl_options.key via get_impl_options.merge_operands
-  virtual Status GetImpl(const ReadOptions& options, const Slice& key,
-                         GetImplOptions& get_impl_options);
-
-  // If `snapshot` == kMaxSequenceNumber, set a recent one inside the file.
-  ArenaWrappedDBIter* NewIteratorImpl(const ReadOptions& options,
-                                      ColumnFamilyHandleImpl* cfh,
-                                      SuperVersion* sv, SequenceNumber snapshot,
-                                      ReadCallback* read_callback,
-                                      bool expose_blob_index = false,
-                                      bool allow_refresh = true);
-
-  virtual SequenceNumber GetLastPublishedSequence() const {
-    if (last_seq_same_as_publish_seq_) {
-      return versions_->LastSequence();
-    } else {
-      return versions_->LastPublishedSequence();
-    }
-  }
-
-  // REQUIRES: joined the main write queue if two_write_queues is disabled, and
-  // the second write queue otherwise.
-  virtual void SetLastPublishedSequence(SequenceNumber seq);
-  // Returns LastSequence in last_seq_same_as_publish_seq_
-  // mode and LastAllocatedSequence otherwise. This is useful when visiblility
-  // depends also on data written to the WAL but not to the memtable.
-  SequenceNumber TEST_GetLastVisibleSequence() const;
-
-  // Similar to Write() but will call the callback once on the single write
-  // thread to determine whether it is safe to perform the write.
-  virtual Status WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                                   WriteBatch* my_batch,
-                                   WriteCallback* callback,
-                                   UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb = nullptr);
-
-  // Returns the sequence number that is guaranteed to be smaller than or equal
-  // to the sequence number of any key that could be inserted into the current
-  // memtables. It can then be assumed that any write with a larger(or equal)
-  // sequence number will be present in this memtable or a later memtable.
-  //
-  // If the earliest sequence number could not be determined,
-  // kMaxSequenceNumber will be returned.
-  //
-  // If include_history=true, will also search Memtables in MemTableList
-  // History.
-  SequenceNumber GetEarliestMemTableSequenceNumber(SuperVersion* sv,
-                                                   bool include_history);
-
-  // For a given key, check to see if there are any records for this key
-  // in the memtables, including memtable history.  If cache_only is false,
-  // SST files will also be checked.
-  //
-  // `key` should NOT have user-defined timestamp appended to user key even if
-  // timestamp is enabled.
-  //
-  // If a key is found, *found_record_for_key will be set to true and
-  // *seq will be set to the stored sequence number for the latest
-  // operation on this key or kMaxSequenceNumber if unknown. If user-defined
-  // timestamp is enabled for this column family and timestamp is not nullptr,
-  // then *timestamp will be set to the stored timestamp for the latest
-  // operation on this key.
-  // If no key is found, *found_record_for_key will be set to false.
-  //
-  // Note: If cache_only=false, it is possible for *seq to be set to 0 if
-  // the sequence number has been cleared from the record.  If the caller is
-  // holding an active db snapshot, we know the missing sequence must be less
-  // than the snapshot's sequence number (sequence numbers are only cleared
-  // when there are no earlier active snapshots).
-  //
-  // If NotFound is returned and found_record_for_key is set to false, then no
-  // record for this key was found.  If the caller is holding an active db
-  // snapshot, we know that no key could have existing after this snapshot
-  // (since we do not compact keys that have an earlier snapshot).
-  //
-  // Only records newer than or at `lower_bound_seq` are guaranteed to be
-  // returned. Memtables and files may not be checked if it only contains data
-  // older than `lower_bound_seq`.
-  //
-  // Returns OK or NotFound on success,
-  // other status on unexpected error.
-  // TODO(andrewkr): this API need to be aware of range deletion operations
-  Status GetLatestSequenceForKey(SuperVersion* sv, const Slice& key,
-                                 bool cache_only,
-                                 SequenceNumber lower_bound_seq,
-                                 SequenceNumber* seq, std::string* timestamp,
-                                 bool* found_record_for_key,
-                                 bool* is_blob_index);
-
-  Status TraceIteratorSeek(const uint32_t& cf_id, const Slice& key,
-                           const Slice& lower_bound, const Slice upper_bound);
-  Status TraceIteratorSeekForPrev(const uint32_t& cf_id, const Slice& key,
-                                  const Slice& lower_bound,
-                                  const Slice upper_bound);
-
-  // Similar to GetSnapshot(), but also lets the db know that this snapshot
-  // will be used for transaction write-conflict checking.  The DB can then
-  // make sure not to compact any keys that would prevent a write-conflict from
-  // being detected.
-  const Snapshot* GetSnapshotForWriteConflictBoundary();
-
-  // checks if all live files exist on file system and that their file sizes
-  // match to our in-memory records
-  virtual Status CheckConsistency();
-
-  // max_file_num_to_ignore allows bottom level compaction to filter out newly
-  // compacted SST files. Setting max_file_num_to_ignore to kMaxUint64 will
-  // disable the filtering
-  // If `final_output_level` is not nullptr, it is set to manual compaction's
-  // output level if returned status is OK, and it may or may not be set to
-  // manual compaction's output level if returned status is not OK.
-  Status RunManualCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, int input_level,
-                             int output_level,
-                             const CompactRangeOptions& compact_range_options,
-                             const Slice* begin, const Slice* end,
-                             bool exclusive, bool disallow_trivial_move,
-                             uint64_t max_file_num_to_ignore,
-                             const std::string& trim_ts,
-                             int* final_output_level = nullptr);
-
-  // Return an internal iterator over the current state of the database.
-  // The keys of this iterator are internal keys (see format.h).
-  // The returned iterator should be deleted when no longer needed.
-  // If allow_unprepared_value is true, the returned iterator may defer reading
-  // the value and so will require PrepareValue() to be called before value();
-  // allow_unprepared_value = false is convenient when this optimization is not
-  // useful, e.g. when reading the whole column family.
-  //
-  // read_options.ignore_range_deletions determines whether range tombstones are
-  // processed in the returned interator internally, i.e., whether range
-  // tombstone covered keys are in this iterator's output.
-  // @param read_options Must outlive the returned iterator.
-  InternalIterator* NewInternalIterator(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, Arena* arena, SequenceNumber sequence,
-      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family = nullptr,
-      bool allow_unprepared_value = false);
-
-  // Note: to support DB iterator refresh, memtable range tombstones in the
-  // underlying merging iterator needs to be refreshed. If db_iter is not
-  // nullptr, db_iter->SetMemtableRangetombstoneIter() is called with the
-  // memtable range tombstone iterator used by the underlying merging iterator.
-  // This range tombstone iterator can be refreshed later by db_iter.
-  // @param read_options Must outlive the returned iterator.
-  InternalIterator* NewInternalIterator(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                                        ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                                        SuperVersion* super_version,
-                                        Arena* arena, SequenceNumber sequence,
-                                        bool allow_unprepared_value,
-                                        ArenaWrappedDBIter* db_iter = nullptr);
-
-  LogsWithPrepTracker* logs_with_prep_tracker() {
-    return &logs_with_prep_tracker_;
-  }
-
-  struct BGJobLimits {
-    int max_flushes;
-    int max_compactions;
-  };
-  // Returns maximum background flushes and compactions allowed to be scheduled
-  BGJobLimits GetBGJobLimits() const;
-  // Need a static version that can be called during SanitizeOptions().
-  static BGJobLimits GetBGJobLimits(int max_background_flushes,
-                                    int max_background_compactions,
-                                    int max_background_jobs,
-                                    bool parallelize_compactions);
-
-  // move logs pending closing from job_context to the DB queue and
-  // schedule a purge
-  void ScheduleBgLogWriterClose(JobContext* job_context);
-
-  uint64_t MinLogNumberToKeep();
-
-  uint64_t MinLogNumberToRecycle();
-
-  // Returns the lower bound file number for SSTs that won't be deleted, even if
-  // they're obsolete. This lower bound is used internally to prevent newly
-  // created flush/compaction output files from being deleted before they're
-  // installed. This technique avoids the need for tracking the exact numbers of
-  // files pending creation, although it prevents more files than necessary from
-  // being deleted.
-  uint64_t MinObsoleteSstNumberToKeep();
-
-  uint64_t GetObsoleteSstFilesSize();
-
-  // Returns the list of live files in 'live' and the list
-  // of all files in the filesystem in 'candidate_files'.
-  // If force == false and the last call was less than
-  // db_options_.delete_obsolete_files_period_micros microseconds ago,
-  // it will not fill up the job_context
-  void FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
-                         bool no_full_scan = false);
-
-  // Diffs the files listed in filenames and those that do not
-  // belong to live files are possibly removed. Also, removes all the
-  // files in sst_delete_files and log_delete_files.
-  // It is not necessary to hold the mutex when invoking this method.
-  // If FindObsoleteFiles() was run, we need to also run
-  // PurgeObsoleteFiles(), even if disable_delete_obsolete_files_ is true
-  void PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& background_contet,
-                          bool schedule_only = false);
-
-  // Schedule a background job to actually delete obsolete files.
-  void SchedulePurge();
-
-  const SnapshotList& snapshots() const { return snapshots_; }
-
-  // load list of snapshots to `snap_vector` that is no newer than `max_seq`
-  // in ascending order.
-  // `oldest_write_conflict_snapshot` is filled with the oldest snapshot
-  // which satisfies SnapshotImpl.is_write_conflict_boundary_ = true.
-  void LoadSnapshots(std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snap_vector,
-                     SequenceNumber* oldest_write_conflict_snapshot,
-                     const SequenceNumber& max_seq) const {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock l(mutex());
-    snapshots().GetAll(snap_vector, oldest_write_conflict_snapshot, max_seq);
-  }
-
-  const ImmutableDBOptions& immutable_db_options() const {
-    return immutable_db_options_;
-  }
-
-  // Cancel all background jobs, including flush, compaction, background
-  // purging, stats dumping threads, etc. If `wait` = true, wait for the
-  // running jobs to abort or finish before returning. Otherwise, only
-  // sends the signals.
-  void CancelAllBackgroundWork(bool wait);
-
-  // Find Super version and reference it. Based on options, it might return
-  // the thread local cached one.
-  // Call ReturnAndCleanupSuperVersion() when it is no longer needed.
-  SuperVersion* GetAndRefSuperVersion(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);
-
-  // Similar to the previous function but looks up based on a column family id.
-  // nullptr will be returned if this column family no longer exists.
-  // REQUIRED: this function should only be called on the write thread or if the
-  // mutex is held.
-  SuperVersion* GetAndRefSuperVersion(uint32_t column_family_id);
-
-  // Un-reference the super version and clean it up if it is the last reference.
-  void CleanupSuperVersion(SuperVersion* sv);
-
-  // Un-reference the super version and return it to thread local cache if
-  // needed. If it is the last reference of the super version. Clean it up
-  // after un-referencing it.
-  void ReturnAndCleanupSuperVersion(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, SuperVersion* sv);
-
-  // Similar to the previous function but looks up based on a column family id.
-  // nullptr will be returned if this column family no longer exists.
-  // REQUIRED: this function should only be called on the write thread.
-  void ReturnAndCleanupSuperVersion(uint32_t colun_family_id, SuperVersion* sv);
-
-  // REQUIRED: this function should only be called on the write thread or if the
-  // mutex is held.  Return value only valid until next call to this function or
-  // mutex is released.
-  ColumnFamilyHandle* GetColumnFamilyHandle(uint32_t column_family_id);
-
-  // Same as above, should called without mutex held and not on write thread.
-  std::unique_ptr<ColumnFamilyHandle> GetColumnFamilyHandleUnlocked(
-      uint32_t column_family_id);
-
-  // Returns the number of currently running flushes.
-  // REQUIREMENT: mutex_ must be held when calling this function.
-  int num_running_flushes() {
-    mutex_.AssertHeld();
-    return num_running_flushes_;
-  }
-
-  // Returns the number of currently running compactions.
-  // REQUIREMENT: mutex_ must be held when calling this function.
-  int num_running_compactions() {
-    mutex_.AssertHeld();
-    return num_running_compactions_;
-  }
-
-  const WriteController& write_controller() { return write_controller_; }
-
-  // hollow transactions shell used for recovery.
-  // these will then be passed to TransactionDB so that
-  // locks can be reacquired before writing can resume.
-  struct RecoveredTransaction {
-    std::string name_;
-    bool unprepared_;
-
-    struct BatchInfo {
-      uint64_t log_number_;
-      // TODO(lth): For unprepared, the memory usage here can be big for
-      // unprepared transactions. This is only useful for rollbacks, and we
-      // can in theory just keep keyset for that.
-      WriteBatch* batch_;
-      // Number of sub-batches. A new sub-batch is created if txn attempts to
-      // insert a duplicate key,seq to memtable. This is currently used in
-      // WritePreparedTxn/WriteUnpreparedTxn.
-      size_t batch_cnt_;
-    };
-
-    // This maps the seq of the first key in the batch to BatchInfo, which
-    // contains WriteBatch and other information relevant to the batch.
-    //
-    // For WriteUnprepared, batches_ can have size greater than 1, but for
-    // other write policies, it must be of size 1.
-    std::map<SequenceNumber, BatchInfo> batches_;
-
-    explicit RecoveredTransaction(const uint64_t log, const std::string& name,
-                                  WriteBatch* batch, SequenceNumber seq,
-                                  size_t batch_cnt, bool unprepared)
-        : name_(name), unprepared_(unprepared) {
-      batches_[seq] = {log, batch, batch_cnt};
-    }
-
-    ~RecoveredTransaction() {
-      for (auto& it : batches_) {
-        delete it.second.batch_;
-      }
-    }
-
-    void AddBatch(SequenceNumber seq, uint64_t log_number, WriteBatch* batch,
-                  size_t batch_cnt, bool unprepared) {
-      assert(batches_.count(seq) == 0);
-      batches_[seq] = {log_number, batch, batch_cnt};
-      // Prior state must be unprepared, since the prepare batch must be the
-      // last batch.
-      assert(unprepared_);
-      unprepared_ = unprepared;
-    }
-  };
-
-  bool allow_2pc() const { return immutable_db_options_.allow_2pc; }
-
-  std::unordered_map<std::string, RecoveredTransaction*>
-  recovered_transactions() {
-    return recovered_transactions_;
-  }
-
-  RecoveredTransaction* GetRecoveredTransaction(const std::string& name) {
-    auto it = recovered_transactions_.find(name);
-    if (it == recovered_transactions_.end()) {
-      return nullptr;
-    } else {
-      return it->second;
-    }
-  }
-
-  void InsertRecoveredTransaction(const uint64_t log, const std::string& name,
-                                  WriteBatch* batch, SequenceNumber seq,
-                                  size_t batch_cnt, bool unprepared_batch) {
-    // For WriteUnpreparedTxn, InsertRecoveredTransaction is called multiple
-    // times for every unprepared batch encountered during recovery.
-    //
-    // If the transaction is prepared, then the last call to
-    // InsertRecoveredTransaction will have unprepared_batch = false.
-    auto rtxn = recovered_transactions_.find(name);
-    if (rtxn == recovered_transactions_.end()) {
-      recovered_transactions_[name] = new RecoveredTransaction(
-          log, name, batch, seq, batch_cnt, unprepared_batch);
-    } else {
-      rtxn->second->AddBatch(seq, log, batch, batch_cnt, unprepared_batch);
-    }
-    logs_with_prep_tracker_.MarkLogAsContainingPrepSection(log);
-  }
-
-  void DeleteRecoveredTransaction(const std::string& name) {
-    auto it = recovered_transactions_.find(name);
-    assert(it != recovered_transactions_.end());
-    auto* trx = it->second;
-    recovered_transactions_.erase(it);
-    for (const auto& info : trx->batches_) {
-      logs_with_prep_tracker_.MarkLogAsHavingPrepSectionFlushed(
-          info.second.log_number_);
-    }
-    delete trx;
-  }
-
-  void DeleteAllRecoveredTransactions() {
-    for (auto it = recovered_transactions_.begin();
-         it != recovered_transactions_.end(); ++it) {
-      delete it->second;
-    }
-    recovered_transactions_.clear();
-  }
-
-  void AddToLogsToFreeQueue(log::Writer* log_writer) {
-    mutex_.AssertHeld();
-    logs_to_free_queue_.push_back(log_writer);
-  }
-
-  void AddSuperVersionsToFreeQueue(SuperVersion* sv) {
-    superversions_to_free_queue_.push_back(sv);
-  }
-
-  void SetSnapshotChecker(SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker);
-
-  // Fill JobContext with snapshot information needed by flush and compaction.
-  void GetSnapshotContext(JobContext* job_context,
-                          std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snapshot_seqs,
-                          SequenceNumber* earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
-                          SnapshotChecker** snapshot_checker);
-
-  // Not thread-safe.
-  void SetRecoverableStatePreReleaseCallback(PreReleaseCallback* callback);
-
-  InstrumentedMutex* mutex() const { return &mutex_; }
-
-  // Initialize a brand new DB. The DB directory is expected to be empty before
-  // calling it. Push new manifest file name into `new_filenames`.
-  Status NewDB(std::vector<std::string>* new_filenames);
-
-  // This is to be used only by internal rocksdb classes.
-  static Status Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& name,
-                     const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
-                     std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>* handles, DB** dbptr,
-                     const bool seq_per_batch, const bool batch_per_txn,
-                     const bool is_retry, bool* can_retry);
-
-  static IOStatus CreateAndNewDirectory(
-      FileSystem* fs, const std::string& dirname,
-      std::unique_ptr<FSDirectory>* directory);
-
-  // find stats map from stats_history_ with smallest timestamp in
-  // the range of [start_time, end_time)
-  bool FindStatsByTime(uint64_t start_time, uint64_t end_time,
-                       uint64_t* new_time,
-                       std::map<std::string, uint64_t>* stats_map);
-
-  // Print information of all tombstones of all iterators to the std::string
-  // This is only used by ldb. The output might be capped. Tombstones
-  // printed out are not guaranteed to be in any order.
-  Status TablesRangeTombstoneSummary(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                                     int max_entries_to_print,
-                                     std::string* out_str);
-
-  VersionSet* GetVersionSet() const { return versions_.get(); }
-
-  Status WaitForCompact(
-      const WaitForCompactOptions& wait_for_compact_options) override;
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  // Compact any files in the named level that overlap [*begin, *end]
-  Status TEST_CompactRange(int level, const Slice* begin, const Slice* end,
-                           ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family = nullptr,
-                           bool disallow_trivial_move = false);
-
-  Status TEST_SwitchWAL();
-
-  bool TEST_UnableToReleaseOldestLog() { return unable_to_release_oldest_log_; }
-
-  bool TEST_IsLogGettingFlushed() {
-    return alive_log_files_.begin()->getting_flushed;
-  }
-
-  Status TEST_SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd = nullptr);
-
-  // Force current memtable contents to be flushed.
-  Status TEST_FlushMemTable(bool wait = true, bool allow_write_stall = false,
-                            ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr);
-
-  Status TEST_FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                            const FlushOptions& flush_opts);
-
-  // Flush (multiple) ColumnFamilyData without using ColumnFamilyHandle. This
-  // is because in certain cases, we can flush column families, wait for the
-  // flush to complete, but delete the column family handle before the wait
-  // finishes. For example in CompactRange.
-  Status TEST_AtomicFlushMemTables(
-      const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& provided_candidate_cfds,
-      const FlushOptions& flush_opts);
-
-  // Wait for background threads to complete scheduled work.
-  Status TEST_WaitForBackgroundWork();
-
-  // Wait for memtable compaction
-  Status TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family = nullptr);
-
-  Status TEST_WaitForCompact();
-  Status TEST_WaitForCompact(
-      const WaitForCompactOptions& wait_for_compact_options);
-
-  // Wait for any background purge
-  Status TEST_WaitForPurge();
-
-  // Get the background error status
-  Status TEST_GetBGError();
-
-  // Return the maximum overlapping data (in bytes) at next level for any
-  // file at a level >= 1.
-  uint64_t TEST_MaxNextLevelOverlappingBytes(
-      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family = nullptr);
-
-  // Return the current manifest file no.
-  uint64_t TEST_Current_Manifest_FileNo();
-
-  // Returns the number that'll be assigned to the next file that's created.
-  uint64_t TEST_Current_Next_FileNo();
-
-  // get total level0 file size. Only for testing.
-  uint64_t TEST_GetLevel0TotalSize();
-
-  void TEST_GetFilesMetaData(
-      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-      std::vector<std::vector<FileMetaData>>* metadata,
-      std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BlobFileMetaData>>* blob_metadata = nullptr);
-
-  void TEST_LockMutex();
-
-  void TEST_UnlockMutex();
-
-  InstrumentedMutex* TEST_Mutex() { return &mutex_; }
-
-  void TEST_SignalAllBgCv();
-
-  // REQUIRES: mutex locked
-  void* TEST_BeginWrite();
-
-  // REQUIRES: mutex locked
-  // pass the pointer that you got from TEST_BeginWrite()
-  void TEST_EndWrite(void* w);
-
-  uint64_t TEST_MaxTotalInMemoryState() const {
-    return max_total_in_memory_state_;
-  }
-
-  size_t TEST_LogsToFreeSize();
-
-  uint64_t TEST_LogfileNumber();
-
-  uint64_t TEST_total_log_size() const { return total_log_size_; }
-
-  // Returns column family name to ImmutableCFOptions map.
-  Status TEST_GetAllImmutableCFOptions(
-      std::unordered_map<std::string, const ImmutableCFOptions*>* iopts_map);
-
-  // Return the lastest MutableCFOptions of a column family
-  Status TEST_GetLatestMutableCFOptions(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                                        MutableCFOptions* mutable_cf_options);
-
-  Cache* TEST_table_cache() { return table_cache_.get(); }
-
-  WriteController& TEST_write_controler() { return write_controller_; }
-
-  uint64_t TEST_FindMinLogContainingOutstandingPrep();
-  uint64_t TEST_FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable();
-  size_t TEST_PreparedSectionCompletedSize();
-  size_t TEST_LogsWithPrepSize();
-
-  int TEST_BGCompactionsAllowed() const;
-  int TEST_BGFlushesAllowed() const;
-  size_t TEST_GetWalPreallocateBlockSize(uint64_t write_buffer_size) const;
-  void TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun(std::function<void()> callback) const;
-  SeqnoToTimeMapping TEST_GetSeqnoToTimeMapping() const;
-  const autovector<uint64_t>& TEST_GetFilesToQuarantine() const;
-  size_t TEST_EstimateInMemoryStatsHistorySize() const;
-
-  uint64_t TEST_GetCurrentLogNumber() const {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock l(mutex());
-    assert(!logs_.empty());
-    return logs_.back().number;
-  }
-
-  void TEST_DeleteObsoleteFiles();
-
-  const std::unordered_set<uint64_t>& TEST_GetFilesGrabbedForPurge() const {
-    return files_grabbed_for_purge_;
-  }
-
-  const PeriodicTaskScheduler& TEST_GetPeriodicTaskScheduler() const;
-
-  static Status TEST_ValidateOptions(const DBOptions& db_options) {
-    return ValidateOptions(db_options);
-  }
-
-#endif  // NDEBUG
-
-  // persist stats to column family "_persistent_stats"
-  void PersistStats();
-
-  // dump rocksdb.stats to LOG
-  void DumpStats();
-
-  // flush LOG out of application buffer
-  void FlushInfoLog();
-
-  // record current sequence number to time mapping. If
-  // populate_historical_seconds > 0 then pre-populate all the
-  // sequence numbers from [1, last] to map to [now minus
-  // populate_historical_seconds, now].
-  void RecordSeqnoToTimeMapping(uint64_t populate_historical_seconds);
-
-  // Everytime DB's seqno to time mapping changed (which already hold the db
-  // mutex), we install a new SuperVersion in each column family with a shared
-  // copy of the new mapping while holding the db mutex.
-  // This is done for all column families even though the column family does not
-  // explicitly enabled the
-  // `preclude_last_level_data_seconds` or `preserve_internal_time_seconds`
-  // features.
-  // This mapping supports iterators to fulfill the
-  // "rocksdb.iterator.write-time" iterator property for entries in memtables.
-  //
-  // Since this new SuperVersion doesn't involve an LSM tree shape change, we
-  // don't schedule work after installing this SuperVersion. It returns the used
-  // `SuperVersionContext` for clean up after release mutex.
-  void InstallSeqnoToTimeMappingInSV(
-      std::vector<SuperVersionContext>* sv_contexts);
-
-  // Interface to block and signal the DB in case of stalling writes by
-  // WriteBufferManager. Each DBImpl object contains ptr to WBMStallInterface.
-  // When DB needs to be blocked or signalled by WriteBufferManager,
-  // state_ is changed accordingly.
-  class WBMStallInterface : public StallInterface {
-   public:
-    enum State {
-      BLOCKED = 0,
-      RUNNING,
-    };
-
-    WBMStallInterface() : state_cv_(&state_mutex_) {
-      MutexLock lock(&state_mutex_);
-      state_ = State::RUNNING;
-    }
-
-    void SetState(State state) {
-      MutexLock lock(&state_mutex_);
-      state_ = state;
-    }
-
-    // Change the state_ to State::BLOCKED and wait until its state is
-    // changed by WriteBufferManager. When stall is cleared, Signal() is
-    // called to change the state and unblock the DB.
-    void Block() override {
-      MutexLock lock(&state_mutex_);
-      while (state_ == State::BLOCKED) {
-        TEST_SYNC_POINT("WBMStallInterface::BlockDB");
-        state_cv_.Wait();
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Called from WriteBufferManager. This function changes the state_
-    // to State::RUNNING indicating the stall is cleared and DB can proceed.
-    void Signal() override {
-      {
-        MutexLock lock(&state_mutex_);
-        state_ = State::RUNNING;
-      }
-      state_cv_.Signal();
-    }
-
-   private:
-    // Conditional variable and mutex to block and
-    // signal the DB during stalling process.
-    port::Mutex state_mutex_;
-    port::CondVar state_cv_;
-    // state represting whether DB is running or blocked because of stall by
-    // WriteBufferManager.
-    State state_;
-  };
-
-  static void TEST_ResetDbSessionIdGen();
-  static std::string GenerateDbSessionId(Env* env);
-
-  bool seq_per_batch() const { return seq_per_batch_; }
-
- protected:
-  const std::string dbname_;
-  // TODO(peterd): unify with VersionSet::db_id_
-  std::string db_id_;
-  // db_session_id_ is an identifier that gets reset
-  // every time the DB is opened
-  std::string db_session_id_;
-  std::unique_ptr<VersionSet> versions_;
-  // Flag to check whether we allocated and own the info log file
-  bool own_info_log_;
-  Status init_logger_creation_s_;
-  const DBOptions initial_db_options_;
-  Env* const env_;
-  std::shared_ptr<IOTracer> io_tracer_;
-  const ImmutableDBOptions immutable_db_options_;
-  FileSystemPtr fs_;
-  MutableDBOptions mutable_db_options_;
-  Statistics* stats_;
-  std::unordered_map<std::string, RecoveredTransaction*>
-      recovered_transactions_;
-  std::unique_ptr<Tracer> tracer_;
-  InstrumentedMutex trace_mutex_;
-  BlockCacheTracer block_cache_tracer_;
-
-  // constant false canceled flag, used when the compaction is not manual
-  const std::atomic<bool> kManualCompactionCanceledFalse_{false};
-
-  // State below is protected by mutex_
-  // With two_write_queues enabled, some of the variables that accessed during
-  // WriteToWAL need different synchronization: log_empty_, alive_log_files_,
-  // logs_, logfile_number_. Refer to the definition of each variable below for
-  // more description.
-  //
-  // `mutex_` can be a hot lock in some workloads, so it deserves dedicated
-  // cachelines.
-  mutable CacheAlignedInstrumentedMutex mutex_;
-
-  ColumnFamilyHandleImpl* default_cf_handle_;
-  InternalStats* default_cf_internal_stats_;
-
-  // table_cache_ provides its own synchronization
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> table_cache_;
-
-  ErrorHandler error_handler_;
-
-  // Unified interface for logging events
-  EventLogger event_logger_;
-
-  // only used for dynamically adjusting max_total_wal_size. it is a sum of
-  // [write_buffer_size * max_write_buffer_number] over all column families
-  std::atomic<uint64_t> max_total_in_memory_state_;
-
-  // The options to access storage files
-  const FileOptions file_options_;
-
-  // Additonal options for compaction and flush
-  FileOptions file_options_for_compaction_;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl> column_family_memtables_;
-
-  // Increase the sequence number after writing each batch, whether memtable is
-  // disabled for that or not. Otherwise the sequence number is increased after
-  // writing each key into memtable. This implies that when disable_memtable is
-  // set, the seq is not increased at all.
-  //
-  // Default: false
-  const bool seq_per_batch_;
-  // This determines during recovery whether we expect one writebatch per
-  // recovered transaction, or potentially multiple writebatches per
-  // transaction. For WriteUnprepared, this is set to false, since multiple
-  // batches can exist per transaction.
-  //
-  // Default: true
-  const bool batch_per_txn_;
-
-  // Each flush or compaction gets its own job id. this counter makes sure
-  // they're unique
-  std::atomic<int> next_job_id_;
-
-  std::atomic<bool> shutting_down_;
-
-  // No new background jobs can be queued if true. This is used to prevent new
-  // background jobs from being queued after WaitForCompact() completes waiting
-  // all background jobs then attempts to close when close_db_ option is true.
-  bool reject_new_background_jobs_;
-
-  // RecoveryContext struct stores the context about version edits along
-  // with corresponding column_family_data and column_family_options.
-  class RecoveryContext {
-   public:
-    ~RecoveryContext() {
-      for (auto& edit_list : edit_lists_) {
-        for (auto* edit : edit_list) {
-          delete edit;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    void UpdateVersionEdits(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, const VersionEdit& edit) {
-      assert(cfd != nullptr);
-      if (map_.find(cfd->GetID()) == map_.end()) {
-        uint32_t size = static_cast<uint32_t>(map_.size());
-        map_.emplace(cfd->GetID(), size);
-        cfds_.emplace_back(cfd);
-        mutable_cf_opts_.emplace_back(cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions());
-        edit_lists_.emplace_back(autovector<VersionEdit*>());
-      }
-      uint32_t i = map_[cfd->GetID()];
-      edit_lists_[i].emplace_back(new VersionEdit(edit));
-    }
-
-    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> map_;  // cf_id to index;
-    autovector<ColumnFamilyData*> cfds_;
-    autovector<const MutableCFOptions*> mutable_cf_opts_;
-    autovector<autovector<VersionEdit*>> edit_lists_;
-    // All existing data files (SST files and Blob files) found during DB::Open.
-    std::vector<std::string> existing_data_files_;
-    bool is_new_db_ = false;
-  };
-
-  // Persist options to options file. Must be holding options_mutex_.
-  // Will lock DB mutex if !db_mutex_already_held.
-  Status WriteOptionsFile(const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                          bool db_mutex_already_held);
-
-  Status CompactRangeInternal(const CompactRangeOptions& options,
-                              ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                              const Slice* begin, const Slice* end,
-                              const std::string& trim_ts);
-
-  // The following two functions can only be called when:
-  // 1. WriteThread::Writer::EnterUnbatched() is used.
-  // 2. db_mutex is NOT held
-  Status RenameTempFileToOptionsFile(const std::string& file_name);
-  Status DeleteObsoleteOptionsFiles();
-
-  void NotifyOnManualFlushScheduled(autovector<ColumnFamilyData*> cfds,
-                                    FlushReason flush_reason);
-
-  void NotifyOnFlushBegin(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, FileMetaData* file_meta,
-                          const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-                          int job_id, FlushReason flush_reason);
-
-  void NotifyOnFlushCompleted(
-      ColumnFamilyData* cfd, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-      std::list<std::unique_ptr<FlushJobInfo>>* flush_jobs_info);
-
-  void NotifyOnCompactionBegin(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, Compaction* c,
-                               const Status& st,
-                               const CompactionJobStats& job_stats, int job_id);
-
-  void NotifyOnCompactionCompleted(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, Compaction* c,
-                                   const Status& st,
-                                   const CompactionJobStats& job_stats,
-                                   int job_id);
-  void NotifyOnMemTableSealed(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                              const MemTableInfo& mem_table_info);
-
-  void NotifyOnExternalFileIngested(
-      ColumnFamilyData* cfd, const ExternalSstFileIngestionJob& ingestion_job);
-
-  Status FlushAllColumnFamilies(const FlushOptions& flush_options,
-                                FlushReason flush_reason);
-
-  virtual Status FlushForGetLiveFiles();
-
-  void NewThreadStatusCfInfo(ColumnFamilyData* cfd) const;
-
-  void EraseThreadStatusCfInfo(ColumnFamilyData* cfd) const;
-
-  void EraseThreadStatusDbInfo() const;
-
-  // If disable_memtable is set the application logic must guarantee that the
-  // batch will still be skipped from memtable during the recovery. An excption
-  // to this is seq_per_batch_ mode, in which since each batch already takes one
-  // seq, it is ok for the batch to write to memtable during recovery as long as
-  // it only takes one sequence number: i.e., no duplicate keys.
-  // In WriteCommitted it is guarnateed since disable_memtable is used for
-  // prepare batch which will be written to memtable later during the commit,
-  // and in WritePrepared it is guaranteed since it will be used only for WAL
-  // markers which will never be written to memtable. If the commit marker is
-  // accompanied with CommitTimeWriteBatch that is not written to memtable as
-  // long as it has no duplicate keys, it does not violate the one-seq-per-batch
-  // policy.
-  // batch_cnt is expected to be non-zero in seq_per_batch mode and
-  // indicates the number of sub-patches. A sub-patch is a subset of the write
-  // batch that does not have duplicate keys.
-  Status WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates,
-                   WriteCallback* callback = nullptr,
-                   UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb = nullptr,
-                   uint64_t* log_used = nullptr, uint64_t log_ref = 0,
-                   bool disable_memtable = false, uint64_t* seq_used = nullptr,
-                   size_t batch_cnt = 0,
-                   PreReleaseCallback* pre_release_callback = nullptr,
-                   PostMemTableCallback* post_memtable_callback = nullptr);
-
-  Status PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates,
-                            WriteCallback* callback = nullptr,
-                            UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb = nullptr,
-                            uint64_t* log_used = nullptr, uint64_t log_ref = 0,
-                            bool disable_memtable = false,
-                            uint64_t* seq_used = nullptr);
-
-  // Write only to memtables without joining any write queue
-  Status UnorderedWriteMemtable(const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                                WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback,
-                                uint64_t log_ref, SequenceNumber seq,
-                                const size_t sub_batch_cnt);
-
-  // Whether the batch requires to be assigned with an order
-  enum AssignOrder : bool { kDontAssignOrder, kDoAssignOrder };
-  // Whether it requires publishing last sequence or not
-  enum PublishLastSeq : bool { kDontPublishLastSeq, kDoPublishLastSeq };
-
-  // Join the write_thread to write the batch only to the WAL. It is the
-  // responsibility of the caller to also write the write batch to the memtable
-  // if it required.
-  //
-  // sub_batch_cnt is expected to be non-zero when assign_order = kDoAssignOrder
-  // indicating the number of sub-batches in my_batch. A sub-patch is a subset
-  // of the write batch that does not have duplicate keys. When seq_per_batch is
-  // not set, each key is a separate sub_batch. Otherwise each duplicate key
-  // marks start of a new sub-batch.
-  Status WriteImplWALOnly(
-      WriteThread* write_thread, const WriteOptions& options,
-      WriteBatch* updates, WriteCallback* callback,
-      UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb, uint64_t* log_used,
-      const uint64_t log_ref, uint64_t* seq_used, const size_t sub_batch_cnt,
-      PreReleaseCallback* pre_release_callback, const AssignOrder assign_order,
-      const PublishLastSeq publish_last_seq, const bool disable_memtable);
-
-  // write cached_recoverable_state_ to memtable if it is not empty
-  // The writer must be the leader in write_thread_ and holding mutex_
-  Status WriteRecoverableState();
-
-  // Actual implementation of Close()
-  virtual Status CloseImpl();
-
-  // Recover the descriptor from persistent storage.  May do a significant
-  // amount of work to recover recently logged updates.  Any changes to
-  // be made to the descriptor are added to *edit.
-  // recovered_seq is set to less than kMaxSequenceNumber if the log's tail is
-  // skipped.
-  // recovery_ctx stores the context about version edits and all those
-  // edits are persisted to new Manifest after successfully syncing the new WAL.
-  virtual Status Recover(
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
-      bool read_only = false, bool error_if_wal_file_exists = false,
-      bool error_if_data_exists_in_wals = false, bool is_retry = false,
-      uint64_t* recovered_seq = nullptr,
-      RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx = nullptr, bool* can_retry = nullptr);
-
-  virtual bool OwnTablesAndLogs() const { return true; }
-
-  // Setup DB identity file, and write DB ID to manifest if necessary.
-  Status SetupDBId(const WriteOptions& write_options, bool read_only,
-                   RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx);
-  // Assign db_id_ and write DB ID to manifest if necessary.
-  void SetDBId(std::string&& id, bool read_only, RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx);
-
-  // Collect a deduplicated collection of paths used by this DB, including
-  // dbname_, DBOptions.db_paths, ColumnFamilyOptions.cf_paths.
-  std::set<std::string> CollectAllDBPaths();
-
-  // REQUIRES: db mutex held when calling this function, but the db mutex can
-  // be released and re-acquired. Db mutex will be held when the function
-  // returns.
-  // It stores all existing data files (SST and Blob) in RecoveryContext. In
-  // the meantime, we find out the largest file number present in the paths, and
-  // bump up the version set's next_file_number_ to be 1 + largest_file_number.
-  // recovery_ctx stores the context about version edits. All those edits are
-  // persisted to new Manifest after successfully syncing the new WAL.
-  Status MaybeUpdateNextFileNumber(RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx);
-
-  // Track existing data files, including both referenced and unreferenced SST
-  // and Blob files in SstFileManager. This is only called during DB::Open and
-  // it's called before any file deletion start so that their deletion can be
-  // properly rate limited.
-  // Files may not be referenced in the MANIFEST because (e.g.
-  // 1. It's best effort recovery;
-  // 2. The VersionEdits referencing the SST files are appended to
-  // RecoveryContext, DB crashes when syncing the MANIFEST, the VersionEdits are
-  // still not synced to MANIFEST during recovery.)
-  //
-  // If the file is referenced in Manifest (typically that's the
-  // vast majority of all files), since it already has the file size
-  // on record, we don't need to query the file system. Otherwise, we query the
-  // file system for the size of an unreferenced file.
-  void TrackExistingDataFiles(
-      const std::vector<std::string>& existing_data_files);
-
-  // SetDbSessionId() should be called in the constuctor DBImpl()
-  // to ensure that db_session_id_ gets updated every time the DB is opened
-  void SetDbSessionId();
-
-  Status FailIfCfHasTs(const ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) const;
-  Status FailIfTsMismatchCf(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                            const Slice& ts) const;
-
-  // Check that the read timestamp `ts` is at or above the `full_history_ts_low`
-  // timestamp in a `SuperVersion`. It's necessary to do this check after
-  // grabbing the SuperVersion. If the check passed, the referenced SuperVersion
-  // this read holds on to can ensure the read won't be affected if
-  // `full_history_ts_low` is increased concurrently, and this achieves that
-  // without explicitly locking by piggybacking the SuperVersion.
-  Status FailIfReadCollapsedHistory(const ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                                    const SuperVersion* sv,
-                                    const Slice& ts) const;
-
-  // recovery_ctx stores the context about version edits and
-  // LogAndApplyForRecovery persist all those edits to new Manifest after
-  // successfully syncing new WAL.
-  // LogAndApplyForRecovery should be called only once during recovery and it
-  // should be called when RocksDB writes to a first new MANIFEST since this
-  // recovery.
-  Status LogAndApplyForRecovery(const RecoveryContext& recovery_ctx);
-
-  void InvokeWalFilterIfNeededOnColumnFamilyToWalNumberMap();
-
-  // Return true to proceed with current WAL record whose content is stored in
-  // `batch`. Return false to skip current WAL record.
-  bool InvokeWalFilterIfNeededOnWalRecord(uint64_t wal_number,
-                                          const std::string& wal_fname,
-                                          log::Reader::Reporter& reporter,
-                                          Status& status, bool& stop_replay,
-                                          WriteBatch& batch);
-
- private:
-  friend class DB;
-  friend class ErrorHandler;
-  friend class InternalStats;
-  friend class PessimisticTransaction;
-  friend class TransactionBaseImpl;
-  friend class WriteCommittedTxn;
-  friend class WritePreparedTxn;
-  friend class WritePreparedTxnDB;
-  friend class WriteBatchWithIndex;
-  friend class WriteUnpreparedTxnDB;
-  friend class WriteUnpreparedTxn;
-
-  friend class ForwardIterator;
-  friend struct SuperVersion;
-  friend class CompactedDBImpl;
-  friend class DBImplFollower;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  friend class DBTest_ConcurrentFlushWAL_Test;
-  friend class DBTest_MixedSlowdownOptionsStop_Test;
-  friend class DBCompactionTest_CompactBottomLevelFilesWithDeletions_Test;
-  friend class DBCompactionTest_CompactionDuringShutdown_Test;
-  friend class DBCompactionTest_DelayCompactBottomLevelFilesWithDeletions_Test;
-  friend class DBCompactionTest_DisableCompactBottomLevelFiles_Test;
-  friend class StatsHistoryTest_PersistentStatsCreateColumnFamilies_Test;
-  friend class DBTest2_ReadCallbackTest_Test;
-  friend class WriteCallbackPTest_WriteWithCallbackTest_Test;
-  friend class XFTransactionWriteHandler;
-  friend class DBBlobIndexTest;
-  friend class WriteUnpreparedTransactionTest_RecoveryTest_Test;
-#endif
-
-  struct CompactionState;
-  struct PrepickedCompaction;
-  struct PurgeFileInfo;
-
-  struct WriteContext {
-    SuperVersionContext superversion_context;
-    autovector<MemTable*> memtables_to_free_;
-
-    explicit WriteContext(bool create_superversion = false)
-        : superversion_context(create_superversion) {}
-
-    ~WriteContext() {
-      superversion_context.Clean();
-      for (auto& m : memtables_to_free_) {
-        delete m;
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  struct LogFileNumberSize {
-    explicit LogFileNumberSize(uint64_t _number) : number(_number) {}
-    LogFileNumberSize() {}
-    void AddSize(uint64_t new_size) { size += new_size; }
-    uint64_t number;
-    uint64_t size = 0;
-    bool getting_flushed = false;
-  };
-
-  struct LogWriterNumber {
-    // pass ownership of _writer
-    LogWriterNumber(uint64_t _number, log::Writer* _writer)
-        : number(_number), writer(_writer) {}
-
-    log::Writer* ReleaseWriter() {
-      auto* w = writer;
-      writer = nullptr;
-      return w;
-    }
-    Status ClearWriter() {
-      Status s;
-      if (writer->file()) {
-        // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-        s = writer->WriteBuffer(WriteOptions());
-      }
-      delete writer;
-      writer = nullptr;
-      return s;
-    }
-
-    bool IsSyncing() { return getting_synced; }
-
-    uint64_t GetPreSyncSize() {
-      assert(getting_synced);
-      return pre_sync_size;
-    }
-
-    void PrepareForSync() {
-      assert(!getting_synced);
-      // Ensure the head of logs_ is marked as getting_synced if any is.
-      getting_synced = true;
-      // If last sync failed on a later WAL, this could be a fully synced
-      // and closed WAL that just needs to be recorded as synced in the
-      // manifest.
-      if (writer->file()) {
-        // Size is expected to be monotonically increasing.
-        assert(writer->file()->GetFlushedSize() >= pre_sync_size);
-        pre_sync_size = writer->file()->GetFlushedSize();
-      }
-    }
-
-    void FinishSync() {
-      assert(getting_synced);
-      getting_synced = false;
-    }
-
-    uint64_t number;
-    // Visual Studio doesn't support deque's member to be noncopyable because
-    // of a std::unique_ptr as a member.
-    log::Writer* writer;  // own
-
-   private:
-    // true for some prefix of logs_
-    bool getting_synced = false;
-    // The size of the file before the sync happens. This amount is guaranteed
-    // to be persisted even if appends happen during sync so it can be used for
-    // tracking the synced size in MANIFEST.
-    uint64_t pre_sync_size = 0;
-  };
-
-  struct LogContext {
-    explicit LogContext(bool need_sync = false)
-        : need_log_sync(need_sync), need_log_dir_sync(need_sync) {}
-    bool need_log_sync = false;
-    bool need_log_dir_sync = false;
-    log::Writer* writer = nullptr;
-    LogFileNumberSize* log_file_number_size = nullptr;
-  };
-
-  // PurgeFileInfo is a structure to hold information of files to be deleted in
-  // purge_files_
-  struct PurgeFileInfo {
-    std::string fname;
-    std::string dir_to_sync;
-    FileType type;
-    uint64_t number;
-    int job_id;
-    PurgeFileInfo(std::string fn, std::string d, FileType t, uint64_t num,
-                  int jid)
-        : fname(fn), dir_to_sync(d), type(t), number(num), job_id(jid) {}
-  };
-
-  // Argument required by background flush thread.
-  struct BGFlushArg {
-    BGFlushArg()
-        : cfd_(nullptr),
-          max_memtable_id_(0),
-          superversion_context_(nullptr),
-          flush_reason_(FlushReason::kOthers) {}
-    BGFlushArg(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, uint64_t max_memtable_id,
-               SuperVersionContext* superversion_context,
-               FlushReason flush_reason)
-        : cfd_(cfd),
-          max_memtable_id_(max_memtable_id),
-          superversion_context_(superversion_context),
-          flush_reason_(flush_reason) {}
-
-    // Column family to flush.
-    ColumnFamilyData* cfd_;
-    // Maximum ID of memtable to flush. In this column family, memtables with
-    // IDs smaller than this value must be flushed before this flush completes.
-    uint64_t max_memtable_id_;
-    // Pointer to a SuperVersionContext object. After flush completes, RocksDB
-    // installs a new superversion for the column family. This operation
-    // requires a SuperVersionContext object (currently embedded in JobContext).
-    SuperVersionContext* superversion_context_;
-    FlushReason flush_reason_;
-  };
-
-  // Argument passed to flush thread.
-  struct FlushThreadArg {
-    DBImpl* db_;
-
-    Env::Priority thread_pri_;
-  };
-
-  // Information for a manual compaction
-  struct ManualCompactionState {
-    ManualCompactionState(ColumnFamilyData* _cfd, int _input_level,
-                          int _output_level, uint32_t _output_path_id,
-                          bool _exclusive, bool _disallow_trivial_move,
-                          std::atomic<bool>* _canceled)
-        : cfd(_cfd),
-          input_level(_input_level),
-          output_level(_output_level),
-          output_path_id(_output_path_id),
-          exclusive(_exclusive),
-          disallow_trivial_move(_disallow_trivial_move),
-          canceled(_canceled ? *_canceled : canceled_internal_storage) {}
-    // When _canceled is not provided by ther user, we assign the reference of
-    // canceled_internal_storage to it to consolidate canceled and
-    // manual_compaction_paused since DisableManualCompaction() might be
-    // called
-
-    ColumnFamilyData* cfd;
-    int input_level;
-    int output_level;
-    uint32_t output_path_id;
-    Status status;
-    bool done = false;
-    bool in_progress = false;    // compaction request being processed?
-    bool incomplete = false;     // only part of requested range compacted
-    bool exclusive;              // current behavior of only one manual
-    bool disallow_trivial_move;  // Force actual compaction to run
-    const InternalKey* begin = nullptr;  // nullptr means beginning of key range
-    const InternalKey* end = nullptr;    // nullptr means end of key range
-    InternalKey* manual_end = nullptr;   // how far we are compacting
-    InternalKey tmp_storage;      // Used to keep track of compaction progress
-    InternalKey tmp_storage1;     // Used to keep track of compaction progress
-
-    // When the user provides a canceled pointer in CompactRangeOptions, the
-    // above varaibe is the reference of the user-provided
-    // `canceled`, otherwise, it is the reference of canceled_internal_storage
-    std::atomic<bool> canceled_internal_storage = false;
-    std::atomic<bool>& canceled;  // Compaction canceled pointer reference
-  };
-  struct PrepickedCompaction {
-    // background compaction takes ownership of `compaction`.
-    Compaction* compaction;
-    // caller retains ownership of `manual_compaction_state` as it is reused
-    // across background compactions.
-    ManualCompactionState* manual_compaction_state;  // nullptr if non-manual
-    // task limiter token is requested during compaction picking.
-    std::unique_ptr<TaskLimiterToken> task_token;
-  };
-
-  struct CompactionArg {
-    // caller retains ownership of `db`.
-    DBImpl* db;
-    // background compaction takes ownership of `prepicked_compaction`.
-    PrepickedCompaction* prepicked_compaction;
-    Env::Priority compaction_pri_;
-  };
-
-  static bool IsRecoveryFlush(FlushReason flush_reason) {
-    return flush_reason == FlushReason::kErrorRecoveryRetryFlush ||
-           flush_reason == FlushReason::kErrorRecovery;
-  }
-  // Initialize the built-in column family for persistent stats. Depending on
-  // whether on-disk persistent stats have been enabled before, it may either
-  // create a new column family and column family handle or just a column family
-  // handle.
-  // Required: DB mutex held
-  Status InitPersistStatsColumnFamily();
-
-  // Persistent Stats column family has two format version key which are used
-  // for compatibility check. Write format version if it's created for the
-  // first time, read format version and check compatibility if recovering
-  // from disk. This function requires DB mutex held at entrance but may
-  // release and re-acquire DB mutex in the process.
-  // Required: DB mutex held
-  Status PersistentStatsProcessFormatVersion();
-
-  Status ResumeImpl(DBRecoverContext context);
-
-  void MaybeIgnoreError(Status* s) const;
-
-  const Status CreateArchivalDirectory();
-
-  // Create a column family, without some of the follow-up work yet
-  Status CreateColumnFamilyImpl(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                                const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                                const ColumnFamilyOptions& cf_options,
-                                const std::string& cf_name,
-                                ColumnFamilyHandle** handle);
-
-  // Follow-up work to user creating a column family or (families)
-  Status WrapUpCreateColumnFamilies(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, const WriteOptions& write_options,
-      const std::vector<const ColumnFamilyOptions*>& cf_options);
-
-  Status DropColumnFamilyImpl(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family);
-
-  // Delete any unneeded files and stale in-memory entries.
-  void DeleteObsoleteFiles();
-  // Delete obsolete files and log status and information of file deletion
-  void DeleteObsoleteFileImpl(int job_id, const std::string& fname,
-                              const std::string& path_to_sync, FileType type,
-                              uint64_t number);
-
-  // Background process needs to call
-  //     auto x = CaptureCurrentFileNumberInPendingOutputs()
-  //     auto file_num = versions_->NewFileNumber();
-  //     <do something>
-  //     ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs(x)
-  // This will protect any file with number `file_num` or greater from being
-  // deleted while <do something> is running.
-  // -----------
-  // This function will capture current file number and append it to
-  // pending_outputs_. This will prevent any background process to delete any
-  // file created after this point.
-  std::list<uint64_t>::iterator CaptureCurrentFileNumberInPendingOutputs();
-  // This function should be called with the result of
-  // CaptureCurrentFileNumberInPendingOutputs(). It then marks that any file
-  // created between the calls CaptureCurrentFileNumberInPendingOutputs() and
-  // ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs() can now be deleted (if it's not live
-  // and blocked by any other pending_outputs_ calls)
-  void ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs(
-      std::unique_ptr<std::list<uint64_t>::iterator>& v);
-
-  IOStatus SyncClosedWals(const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                          JobContext* job_context, VersionEdit* synced_wals,
-                          bool error_recovery_in_prog);
-
-  // Flush the in-memory write buffer to storage.  Switches to a new
-  // log-file/memtable and writes a new descriptor iff successful. Then
-  // installs a new super version for the column family.
-  Status FlushMemTableToOutputFile(
-      ColumnFamilyData* cfd, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-      bool* madeProgress, JobContext* job_context, FlushReason flush_reason,
-      SuperVersionContext* superversion_context,
-      std::vector<SequenceNumber>& snapshot_seqs,
-      SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
-      SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker, LogBuffer* log_buffer,
-      Env::Priority thread_pri);
-
-  // Flush the memtables of (multiple) column families to multiple files on
-  // persistent storage.
-  Status FlushMemTablesToOutputFiles(
-      const autovector<BGFlushArg>& bg_flush_args, bool* made_progress,
-      JobContext* job_context, LogBuffer* log_buffer, Env::Priority thread_pri);
-
-  Status AtomicFlushMemTablesToOutputFiles(
-      const autovector<BGFlushArg>& bg_flush_args, bool* made_progress,
-      JobContext* job_context, LogBuffer* log_buffer, Env::Priority thread_pri);
-
-  // REQUIRES: log_numbers are sorted in ascending order
-  // corrupted_log_found is set to true if we recover from a corrupted log file.
-  Status RecoverLogFiles(const std::vector<uint64_t>& log_numbers,
-                         SequenceNumber* next_sequence, bool read_only,
-                         bool is_retry, bool* corrupted_log_found,
-                         RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx);
-
-  // The following two methods are used to flush a memtable to
-  // storage. The first one is used at database RecoveryTime (when the
-  // database is opened) and is heavyweight because it holds the mutex
-  // for the entire period. The second method WriteLevel0Table supports
-  // concurrent flush memtables to storage.
-  Status WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                                     MemTable* mem, VersionEdit* edit);
-
-  // Get the size of a log file and, if truncate is true, truncate the
-  // log file to its actual size, thereby freeing preallocated space.
-  // Return success even if truncate fails
-  Status GetLogSizeAndMaybeTruncate(uint64_t wal_number, bool truncate,
-                                    LogFileNumberSize* log);
-
-  // Restore alive_log_files_ and total_log_size_ after recovery.
-  // It needs to run only when there's no flush during recovery
-  // (e.g. avoid_flush_during_recovery=true). May also trigger flush
-  // in case total_log_size > max_total_wal_size.
-  Status RestoreAliveLogFiles(const std::vector<uint64_t>& log_numbers);
-
-  // num_bytes: for slowdown case, delay time is calculated based on
-  //            `num_bytes` going through.
-  Status DelayWrite(uint64_t num_bytes, WriteThread& write_thread,
-                    const WriteOptions& write_options);
-
-  // Begin stalling of writes when memory usage increases beyond a certain
-  // threshold.
-  void WriteBufferManagerStallWrites();
-
-  Status ThrottleLowPriWritesIfNeeded(const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                                      WriteBatch* my_batch);
-
-  // REQUIRES: mutex locked and in write thread.
-  Status ScheduleFlushes(WriteContext* context);
-
-  void MaybeFlushStatsCF(autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>* cfds);
-
-  Status TrimMemtableHistory(WriteContext* context);
-
-  Status SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context);
-
-  // Select and output column families qualified for atomic flush in
-  // `selected_cfds`. If `provided_candidate_cfds` is non-empty, it will be used
-  // as candidate CFs to select qualified ones from. Otherwise, all column
-  // families are used as candidate to select from.
-  //
-  // REQUIRES: mutex held
-  void SelectColumnFamiliesForAtomicFlush(
-      autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>* selected_cfds,
-      const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& provided_candidate_cfds = {},
-      FlushReason flush_reason = FlushReason::kOthers);
-
-  // Force current memtable contents to be flushed.
-  Status FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, const FlushOptions& options,
-                       FlushReason flush_reason,
-                       bool entered_write_thread = false);
-
-  // Atomic-flush memtables from quanlified CFs among `provided_candidate_cfds`
-  // (if non-empty) or amomg all column families and atomically record the
-  // result to the MANIFEST.
-  Status AtomicFlushMemTables(
-      const FlushOptions& options, FlushReason flush_reason,
-      const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& provided_candidate_cfds = {},
-      bool entered_write_thread = false);
-
-  Status RetryFlushesForErrorRecovery(FlushReason flush_reason, bool wait);
-
-  // Wait until flushing this column family won't stall writes
-  Status WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                                           bool* flush_needed);
-
-  // Wait for memtable flushed.
-  // If flush_memtable_id is non-null, wait until the memtable with the ID
-  // gets flush. Otherwise, wait until the column family don't have any
-  // memtable pending flush.
-  // resuming_from_bg_err indicates whether the caller is attempting to resume
-  // from background error.
-  Status WaitForFlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                              const uint64_t* flush_memtable_id = nullptr,
-                              bool resuming_from_bg_err = false) {
-    return WaitForFlushMemTables({cfd}, {flush_memtable_id},
-                                 resuming_from_bg_err);
-  }
-  // Wait for memtables to be flushed for multiple column families.
-  Status WaitForFlushMemTables(
-      const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds,
-      const autovector<const uint64_t*>& flush_memtable_ids,
-      bool resuming_from_bg_err);
-
-  inline void WaitForPendingWrites() {
-    mutex_.AssertHeld();
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::WaitForPendingWrites:BeforeBlock");
-    // In case of pipelined write is enabled, wait for all pending memtable
-    // writers.
-    if (immutable_db_options_.enable_pipelined_write) {
-      // Memtable writers may call DB::Get in case max_successive_merges > 0,
-      // which may lock mutex. Unlocking mutex here to avoid deadlock.
-      mutex_.Unlock();
-      write_thread_.WaitForMemTableWriters();
-      mutex_.Lock();
-    }
-
-    if (immutable_db_options_.unordered_write) {
-      // Wait for the ones who already wrote to the WAL to finish their
-      // memtable write.
-      if (pending_memtable_writes_.load() != 0) {
-        // XXX: suspicious wait while holding DB mutex?
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(switch_mutex_);
-        switch_cv_.wait(guard,
-                        [&] { return pending_memtable_writes_.load() == 0; });
-      }
-    } else {
-      // (Writes are finished before the next write group starts.)
-    }
-
-    // Wait for any LockWAL to clear
-    while (lock_wal_count_ > 0) {
-      bg_cv_.Wait();
-    }
-  }
-
-  // TaskType is used to identify tasks in thread-pool, currently only
-  // differentiate manual compaction, which could be unscheduled from the
-  // thread-pool.
-  enum class TaskType : uint8_t {
-    kDefault = 0,
-    kManualCompaction = 1,
-    kCount = 2,
-  };
-
-  // Task tag is used to identity tasks in thread-pool, which is
-  // dbImpl obj address + type
-  inline void* GetTaskTag(TaskType type) {
-    return GetTaskTag(static_cast<uint8_t>(type));
-  }
-
-  inline void* GetTaskTag(uint8_t type) {
-    return static_cast<uint8_t*>(static_cast<void*>(this)) + type;
-  }
-
-  // REQUIRES: mutex locked and in write thread.
-  void AssignAtomicFlushSeq(const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds);
-
-  // REQUIRES: mutex locked and in write thread.
-  Status SwitchWAL(WriteContext* write_context);
-
-  // REQUIRES: mutex locked and in write thread.
-  Status HandleWriteBufferManagerFlush(WriteContext* write_context);
-
-  // REQUIRES: mutex locked
-  Status PreprocessWrite(const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                         LogContext* log_context, WriteContext* write_context);
-
-  // Merge write batches in the write group into merged_batch.
-  // Returns OK if merge is successful.
-  // Returns Corruption if corruption in write batch is detected.
-  Status MergeBatch(const WriteThread::WriteGroup& write_group,
-                    WriteBatch* tmp_batch, WriteBatch** merged_batch,
-                    size_t* write_with_wal, WriteBatch** to_be_cached_state);
-
-  IOStatus WriteToWAL(const WriteBatch& merged_batch,
-                      const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                      log::Writer* log_writer, uint64_t* log_used,
-                      uint64_t* log_size,
-                      LogFileNumberSize& log_file_number_size);
-
-  IOStatus WriteToWAL(const WriteThread::WriteGroup& write_group,
-                      log::Writer* log_writer, uint64_t* log_used,
-                      bool need_log_sync, bool need_log_dir_sync,
-                      SequenceNumber sequence,
-                      LogFileNumberSize& log_file_number_size);
-
-  IOStatus ConcurrentWriteToWAL(const WriteThread::WriteGroup& write_group,
-                                uint64_t* log_used,
-                                SequenceNumber* last_sequence, size_t seq_inc);
-
-  // Used by WriteImpl to update bg_error_ if paranoid check is enabled.
-  // Caller must hold mutex_.
-  void WriteStatusCheckOnLocked(const Status& status);
-
-  // Used by WriteImpl to update bg_error_ if paranoid check is enabled.
-  void WriteStatusCheck(const Status& status);
-
-  // Used by WriteImpl to update bg_error_ when IO error happens, e.g., write
-  // WAL, sync WAL fails, if paranoid check is enabled.
-  void IOStatusCheck(const IOStatus& status);
-
-  // Used by WriteImpl to update bg_error_ in case of memtable insert error.
-  void MemTableInsertStatusCheck(const Status& memtable_insert_status);
-
-  Status CompactFilesImpl(const CompactionOptions& compact_options,
-                          ColumnFamilyData* cfd, Version* version,
-                          const std::vector<std::string>& input_file_names,
-                          std::vector<std::string>* const output_file_names,
-                          const int output_level, int output_path_id,
-                          JobContext* job_context, LogBuffer* log_buffer,
-                          CompactionJobInfo* compaction_job_info);
-
-  ColumnFamilyData* GetColumnFamilyDataByName(const std::string& cf_name);
-
-  void MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
-
-  struct FlushRequest {
-    FlushReason flush_reason;
-    // A map from column family to flush to largest memtable id to persist for
-    // each column family. Once all the memtables whose IDs are smaller than or
-    // equal to this per-column-family specified value, this flush request is
-    // considered to have completed its work of flushing this column family.
-    // After completing the work for all column families in this request, this
-    // flush is considered complete.
-    std::unordered_map<ColumnFamilyData*, uint64_t>
-        cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist;
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    int reschedule_count = 1;
-#endif /* !NDEBUG */
-  };
-
-  // In case of atomic flush, generates a `FlushRequest` for the latest atomic
-  // cuts for these `cfds`. Atomic cuts are recorded in
-  // `AssignAtomicFlushSeq()`. For each entry in `cfds`, all CFDs sharing the
-  // same latest atomic cut must also be present.
-  //
-  // REQUIRES: mutex held
-  void GenerateFlushRequest(const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds,
-                            FlushReason flush_reason, FlushRequest* req);
-
-  // Returns true if `req` is successfully enqueued.
-  bool SchedulePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& req);
-
-  void SchedulePendingCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);
-  void SchedulePendingPurge(std::string fname, std::string dir_to_sync,
-                            FileType type, uint64_t number, int job_id);
-  static void BGWorkCompaction(void* arg);
-  // Runs a pre-chosen universal compaction involving bottom level in a
-  // separate, bottom-pri thread pool.
-  static void BGWorkBottomCompaction(void* arg);
-  static void BGWorkFlush(void* arg);
-  static void BGWorkPurge(void* arg);
-  static void UnscheduleCompactionCallback(void* arg);
-  static void UnscheduleFlushCallback(void* arg);
-  void BackgroundCallCompaction(PrepickedCompaction* prepicked_compaction,
-                                Env::Priority thread_pri);
-  void BackgroundCallFlush(Env::Priority thread_pri);
-  void BackgroundCallPurge();
-  Status BackgroundCompaction(bool* madeProgress, JobContext* job_context,
-                              LogBuffer* log_buffer,
-                              PrepickedCompaction* prepicked_compaction,
-                              Env::Priority thread_pri);
-  Status BackgroundFlush(bool* madeProgress, JobContext* job_context,
-                         LogBuffer* log_buffer, FlushReason* reason,
-                         bool* flush_rescheduled_to_retain_udt,
-                         Env::Priority thread_pri);
-
-  bool EnoughRoomForCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                               const std::vector<CompactionInputFiles>& inputs,
-                               bool* sfm_bookkeeping, LogBuffer* log_buffer);
-
-  // Request compaction tasks token from compaction thread limiter.
-  // It always succeeds if force = true or limiter is disable.
-  bool RequestCompactionToken(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, bool force,
-                              std::unique_ptr<TaskLimiterToken>* token,
-                              LogBuffer* log_buffer);
-
-  // Return true if the `FlushRequest` can be rescheduled to retain the UDT.
-  // Only true if there are user-defined timestamps in the involved MemTables
-  // with newer than cutoff timestamp `full_history_ts_low` and not flushing
-  // immediately will not cause entering write stall mode.
-  bool ShouldRescheduleFlushRequestToRetainUDT(const FlushRequest& flush_req);
-
-  // Schedule background tasks
-  Status StartPeriodicTaskScheduler();
-
-  // Cancel scheduled periodic tasks
-  Status CancelPeriodicTaskScheduler();
-
-  Status RegisterRecordSeqnoTimeWorker(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                                       const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                                       bool is_new_db);
-
-  void PrintStatistics();
-
-  size_t EstimateInMemoryStatsHistorySize() const;
-
-  // Return the minimum empty level that could hold the total data in the
-  // input level. Return the input level, if such level could not be found.
-  int FindMinimumEmptyLevelFitting(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                                   const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-                                   int level);
-
-  // Move the files in the input level to the target level.
-  // If target_level < 0, automatically calculate the minimum level that could
-  // hold the data set.
-  Status ReFitLevel(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, int level, int target_level = -1);
-
-  // helper functions for adding and removing from flush & compaction queues
-  void AddToCompactionQueue(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);
-  ColumnFamilyData* PopFirstFromCompactionQueue();
-  FlushRequest PopFirstFromFlushQueue();
-
-  // Pick the first unthrottled compaction with task token from queue.
-  ColumnFamilyData* PickCompactionFromQueue(
-      std::unique_ptr<TaskLimiterToken>* token, LogBuffer* log_buffer);
-
-  IOStatus SyncWalImpl(bool include_current_wal,
-                       const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                       JobContext* job_context, VersionEdit* synced_wals,
-                       bool error_recovery_in_prog);
-
-  // helper function to call after some of the logs_ were synced
-  void MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir, VersionEdit* edit);
-  Status ApplyWALToManifest(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                            const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                            VersionEdit* edit);
-  // WALs with log number up to up_to are not synced successfully.
-  void MarkLogsNotSynced(uint64_t up_to);
-
-  SnapshotImpl* GetSnapshotImpl(bool is_write_conflict_boundary,
-                                bool lock = true);
-
-  // If snapshot_seq != kMaxSequenceNumber, then this function can only be
-  // called from the write thread that publishes sequence numbers to readers.
-  // For 1) write-committed, or 2) write-prepared + one-write-queue, this will
-  // be the write thread performing memtable writes. For write-prepared with
-  // two write queues, this will be the write thread writing commit marker to
-  // the WAL.
-  // If snapshot_seq == kMaxSequenceNumber, this function is called by a caller
-  // ensuring no writes to the database.
-  std::pair<Status, std::shared_ptr<const SnapshotImpl>>
-  CreateTimestampedSnapshotImpl(SequenceNumber snapshot_seq, uint64_t ts,
-                                bool lock = true);
-
-  uint64_t GetMaxTotalWalSize() const;
-
-  FSDirectory* GetDataDir(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, size_t path_id) const;
-
-  Status MaybeReleaseTimestampedSnapshotsAndCheck();
-
-  Status CloseHelper();
-
-  void WaitForBackgroundWork();
-
-  // Background threads call this function, which is just a wrapper around
-  // the InstallSuperVersion() function. Background threads carry
-  // sv_context which can have new_superversion already
-  // allocated.
-  // All ColumnFamily state changes go through this function. Here we analyze
-  // the new state and we schedule background work if we detect that the new
-  // state needs flush or compaction.
-  void InstallSuperVersionAndScheduleWork(
-      ColumnFamilyData* cfd, SuperVersionContext* sv_context,
-      const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options);
-
-  bool GetIntPropertyInternal(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                              const DBPropertyInfo& property_info,
-                              bool is_locked, uint64_t* value);
-  bool GetPropertyHandleOptionsStatistics(std::string* value);
-
-  bool HasPendingManualCompaction();
-  bool HasExclusiveManualCompaction();
-  void AddManualCompaction(ManualCompactionState* m);
-  void RemoveManualCompaction(ManualCompactionState* m);
-  bool ShouldntRunManualCompaction(ManualCompactionState* m);
-  bool HaveManualCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);
-  bool MCOverlap(ManualCompactionState* m, ManualCompactionState* m1);
-  void UpdateDeletionCompactionStats(const std::unique_ptr<Compaction>& c);
-
-  // May open and read table files for table property.
-  // Should not be called while holding mutex_.
-  void BuildCompactionJobInfo(const ColumnFamilyData* cfd, Compaction* c,
-                              const Status& st,
-                              const CompactionJobStats& compaction_job_stats,
-                              const int job_id,
-                              CompactionJobInfo* compaction_job_info) const;
-  // Reserve the next 'num' file numbers for to-be-ingested external SST files,
-  // and return the current file_number in 'next_file_number'.
-  // Write a version edit to the MANIFEST.
-  Status ReserveFileNumbersBeforeIngestion(
-      ColumnFamilyData* cfd, uint64_t num,
-      std::unique_ptr<std::list<uint64_t>::iterator>& pending_output_elem,
-      uint64_t* next_file_number);
-
-  bool ShouldPurge(uint64_t file_number) const;
-  void MarkAsGrabbedForPurge(uint64_t file_number);
-
-  size_t GetWalPreallocateBlockSize(uint64_t write_buffer_size) const;
-  Env::WriteLifeTimeHint CalculateWALWriteHint() { return Env::WLTH_SHORT; }
-
-  IOStatus CreateWAL(const WriteOptions& write_options, uint64_t log_file_num,
-                     uint64_t recycle_log_number, size_t preallocate_block_size,
-                     log::Writer** new_log);
-
-  // Validate self-consistency of DB options
-  static Status ValidateOptions(const DBOptions& db_options);
-  // Validate self-consistency of DB options and its consistency with cf options
-  static Status ValidateOptions(
-      const DBOptions& db_options,
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families);
-
-  // Utility function to do some debug validation and sort the given vector
-  // of MultiGet keys
-  void PrepareMultiGetKeys(
-      const size_t num_keys, bool sorted,
-      autovector<KeyContext*, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* key_ptrs);
-
-  void MultiGetCommon(const ReadOptions& options,
-                      ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const size_t num_keys,
-                      const Slice* keys, PinnableSlice* values,
-                      PinnableWideColumns* columns, std::string* timestamps,
-                      Status* statuses, bool sorted_input);
-
-  void MultiGetCommon(const ReadOptions& options, const size_t num_keys,
-                      ColumnFamilyHandle** column_families, const Slice* keys,
-                      PinnableSlice* values, PinnableWideColumns* columns,
-                      std::string* timestamps, Status* statuses,
-                      bool sorted_input);
-
-  // A structure to hold the information required to process MultiGet of keys
-  // belonging to one column family. For a multi column family MultiGet, there
-  // will be a container of these objects.
-  struct MultiGetKeyRangePerCf {
-    // For the batched MultiGet which relies on sorted keys, start specifies
-    // the index of first key belonging to this column family in the sorted
-    // list.
-    size_t start;
-
-    // For the batched MultiGet case, num_keys specifies the number of keys
-    // belonging to this column family in the sorted list
-    size_t num_keys;
-
-    MultiGetKeyRangePerCf() : start(0), num_keys(0) {}
-
-    MultiGetKeyRangePerCf(size_t first, size_t count)
-        : start(first), num_keys(count) {}
-  };
-
-  // A structure to contain ColumnFamilyData and the SuperVersion obtained for
-  // the consistent view of DB
-  struct ColumnFamilySuperVersionPair {
-    ColumnFamilyHandleImpl* cfh;
-    ColumnFamilyData* cfd;
-
-    // SuperVersion for the column family obtained in a manner that ensures a
-    // consistent view across all column families in the DB
-    SuperVersion* super_version;
-    ColumnFamilySuperVersionPair(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                                 SuperVersion* sv)
-        : cfh(static_cast<ColumnFamilyHandleImpl*>(column_family)),
-          cfd(cfh->cfd()),
-          super_version(sv) {}
-
-    ColumnFamilySuperVersionPair() = default;
-  };
-
-  // A common function to obtain a consistent snapshot, which can be implicit
-  // if the user doesn't specify a snapshot in read_options, across
-  // multiple column families. It will attempt to get an implicit
-  // snapshot without acquiring the db_mutes, but will give up after a few
-  // tries and acquire the mutex if a memtable flush happens. The template
-  // allows both the batched and non-batched MultiGet to call this with
-  // either an std::unordered_map or autovector of column families.
-  //
-  // If callback is non-null, the callback is refreshed with the snapshot
-  // sequence number
-  //
-  // `extra_sv_ref` is used to indicate whether thread-local SuperVersion
-  // should be obtained with an extra ref (by GetReferencedSuperVersion()) or
-  // not (by GetAndRefSuperVersion()). For instance, point lookup like MultiGet
-  // does not require SuperVersion to be re-acquired throughout the entire
-  // invocation (no need extra ref), while MultiCfIterators may need the
-  // SuperVersion to be updated during Refresh() (requires extra ref).
-  //
-  // `sv_from_thread_local` being set to false indicates that the SuperVersion
-  // obtained from the ColumnFamilyData, whereas true indicates they are thread
-  // local.
-  //
-  // A non-OK status will be returned if for a column family that enables
-  // user-defined timestamp feature, the specified `ReadOptions.timestamp`
-  // attemps to read collapsed history.
-  template <class T, typename IterDerefFuncType>
-  Status MultiCFSnapshot(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                         ReadCallback* callback,
-                         IterDerefFuncType iter_deref_func, T* cf_list,
-                         bool extra_sv_ref, SequenceNumber* snapshot,
-                         bool* sv_from_thread_local);
-
-  // The actual implementation of the batching MultiGet. The caller is expected
-  // to have acquired the SuperVersion and pass in a snapshot sequence number
-  // in order to construct the LookupKeys. The start_key and num_keys specify
-  // the range of keys in the sorted_keys vector for a single column family.
-  Status MultiGetImpl(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, size_t start_key, size_t num_keys,
-      autovector<KeyContext*, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* sorted_keys,
-      SuperVersion* sv, SequenceNumber snap_seqnum, ReadCallback* callback);
-
-  void MultiGetWithCallbackImpl(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-      ReadCallback* callback,
-      autovector<KeyContext*, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* sorted_keys);
-
-  Status DisableFileDeletionsWithLock();
-
-  Status IncreaseFullHistoryTsLowImpl(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                                      std::string ts_low);
-
-  bool ShouldReferenceSuperVersion(const MergeContext& merge_context);
-
-  template <typename IterType, typename ImplType,
-            typename ErrorIteratorFuncType>
-  std::unique_ptr<IterType> NewMultiCfIterator(
-      const ReadOptions& _read_options,
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_families,
-      ErrorIteratorFuncType error_iterator_func);
-
-  // Lock over the persistent DB state.  Non-nullptr iff successfully acquired.
-  FileLock* db_lock_;
-
-  // Guards changes to DB and CF options to ensure consistency between
-  // * In-memory options objects
-  // * Settings in effect
-  // * Options file contents
-  // while allowing the DB mutex to be released during slow operations like
-  // persisting options file or modifying global periodic task timer.
-  // Always acquired *before* DB mutex when this one is applicable.
-  InstrumentedMutex options_mutex_;
-
-  // Guards reads and writes to in-memory stats_history_.
-  InstrumentedMutex stats_history_mutex_;
-
-  // In addition to mutex_, log_write_mutex_ protects writes to logs_ and
-  // logfile_number_. With two_write_queues it also protects alive_log_files_,
-  // and log_empty_. Refer to the definition of each variable below for more
-  // details.
-  // Note: to avoid deadlock, if needed to acquire both log_write_mutex_ and
-  // mutex_, the order should be first mutex_ and then log_write_mutex_.
-  InstrumentedMutex log_write_mutex_;
-
-  // If zero, manual compactions are allowed to proceed. If non-zero, manual
-  // compactions may still be running, but will quickly fail with
-  // `Status::Incomplete`. The value indicates how many threads have paused
-  // manual compactions. It is accessed in read mode outside the DB mutex in
-  // compaction code paths.
-  std::atomic<int> manual_compaction_paused_;
-
-  // This condition variable is signaled on these conditions:
-  // * whenever bg_compaction_scheduled_ goes down to 0
-  // * if AnyManualCompaction, whenever a compaction finishes, even if it hasn't
-  // made any progress
-  // * whenever a compaction made any progress
-  // * whenever bg_flush_scheduled_ or bg_purge_scheduled_ value decreases
-  // (i.e. whenever a flush is done, even if it didn't make any progress)
-  // * whenever there is an error in background purge, flush or compaction
-  // * whenever num_running_ingest_file_ goes to 0.
-  // * whenever pending_purge_obsolete_files_ goes to 0.
-  // * whenever disable_delete_obsolete_files_ goes to 0.
-  // * whenever SetOptions successfully updates options.
-  // * whenever a column family is dropped.
-  InstrumentedCondVar bg_cv_;
-  // Writes are protected by locking both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_, and reads
-  // must be under either mutex_ or log_write_mutex_. Since after ::Open,
-  // logfile_number_ is currently updated only in write_thread_, it can be read
-  // from the same write_thread_ without any locks.
-  uint64_t logfile_number_;
-  // Log files that we can recycle. Must be protected by db mutex_.
-  std::deque<uint64_t> log_recycle_files_;
-  // The minimum log file number taht can be recycled, if log recycling is
-  // enabled. This is used to ensure that log files created by previous
-  // instances of the database are not recycled, as we cannot be sure they
-  // were created in the recyclable format.
-  uint64_t min_log_number_to_recycle_;
-  // Protected by log_write_mutex_.
-  bool log_dir_synced_;
-  // Without two_write_queues, read and writes to log_empty_ are protected by
-  // mutex_. Since it is currently updated/read only in write_thread_, it can be
-  // accessed from the same write_thread_ without any locks. With
-  // two_write_queues writes, where it can be updated in different threads,
-  // read and writes are protected by log_write_mutex_ instead. This is to avoid
-  // expensive mutex_ lock during WAL write, which update log_empty_.
-  bool log_empty_;
-
-  ColumnFamilyHandleImpl* persist_stats_cf_handle_;
-
-  bool persistent_stats_cfd_exists_ = true;
-
-  // The current WAL file and those that have not been found obsolete from
-  // memtable flushes. A WAL not on this list might still be pending writer
-  // flush and/or sync and close and might still be in logs_. alive_log_files_
-  // is protected by mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ with details as follows:
-  // 1. read by FindObsoleteFiles() which can be called in either application
-  //    thread or RocksDB bg threads, both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ are
-  //    held.
-  // 2. pop_front() by FindObsoleteFiles(), both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_
-  //    are held.
-  // 3. push_back() by DBImpl::Open() and DBImpl::RestoreAliveLogFiles()
-  //    (actually called by Open()), only mutex_ is held because at this point,
-  //    the DB::Open() call has not returned success to application, and the
-  //    only other thread(s) that can conflict are bg threads calling
-  //    FindObsoleteFiles() which ensure that both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_
-  //    are held when accessing alive_log_files_.
-  // 4. read by DBImpl::Open() is protected by mutex_.
-  // 5. push_back() by SwitchMemtable(). Both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ are
-  //    held. This is done by the write group leader. Note that in the case of
-  //    two-write-queues, another WAL-only write thread can be writing to the
-  //    WAL concurrently. See 9.
-  // 6. read by SwitchWAL() with both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ held. This is
-  //    done by write group leader.
-  // 7. read by ConcurrentWriteToWAL() by the write group leader in the case of
-  //    two-write-queues. Only log_write_mutex_ is held to protect concurrent
-  //    pop_front() by FindObsoleteFiles().
-  // 8. read by PreprocessWrite() by the write group leader. log_write_mutex_
-  //    is held to protect the data structure from concurrent pop_front() by
-  //    FindObsoleteFiles().
-  // 9. read by ConcurrentWriteToWAL() by a WAL-only write thread in the case
-  //    of two-write-queues. Only log_write_mutex_ is held. This suffices to
-  //    protect the data structure from concurrent push_back() by current
-  //    write group leader as well as pop_front() by FindObsoleteFiles().
-  std::deque<LogFileNumberSize> alive_log_files_;
-
-  // Log files that aren't fully synced, and the current log file.
-  // Synchronization:
-  // 1. read by FindObsoleteFiles() which can be called either in application
-  //    thread or RocksDB bg threads. log_write_mutex_ is always held, while
-  //    some reads are performed without mutex_.
-  // 2. pop_front() by FindObsoleteFiles() with only log_write_mutex_ held.
-  // 3. read by DBImpl::Open() with both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_.
-  // 4. emplace_back() by DBImpl::Open() with both mutex_ and log_write_mutex.
-  //    Note that at this point, DB::Open() has not returned success to
-  //    application, thus the only other thread(s) that can conflict are bg
-  //    threads calling FindObsoleteFiles(). See 1.
-  // 5. iteration and clear() from CloseHelper() always hold log_write_mutex
-  //    and mutex_.
-  // 6. back() called by APIs FlushWAL() and LockWAL() are protected by only
-  //    log_write_mutex_. These two can be called by application threads after
-  //    DB::Open() returns success to applications.
-  // 7. read by SyncWAL(), another API, protected by only log_write_mutex_.
-  // 8. read by MarkLogsNotSynced() and MarkLogsSynced() are protected by
-  //    log_write_mutex_.
-  // 9. erase() by MarkLogsSynced() protected by log_write_mutex_.
-  // 10. read by SyncClosedWals() protected by only log_write_mutex_. This can
-  //     happen in bg flush threads after DB::Open() returns success to
-  //     applications.
-  // 11. reads, e.g. front(), iteration, and back() called by PreprocessWrite()
-  //     holds only the log_write_mutex_. This is done by the write group
-  //     leader. A bg thread calling FindObsoleteFiles() or MarkLogsSynced()
-  //     can happen concurrently. This is fine because log_write_mutex_ is used
-  //     by all parties. See 2, 5, 9.
-  // 12. reads, empty(), back() called by SwitchMemtable() hold both mutex_ and
-  //     log_write_mutex_. This happens in the write group leader.
-  // 13. emplace_back() by SwitchMemtable() hold both mutex_ and
-  //     log_write_mutex_. This happens in the write group leader. Can conflict
-  //     with bg threads calling FindObsoleteFiles(), MarkLogsSynced(),
-  //     SyncClosedWals(), etc. as well as application threads calling
-  //     FlushWAL(), SyncWAL(), LockWAL(). This is fine because all parties
-  //     require at least log_write_mutex_.
-  // 14. iteration called in WriteToWAL(write_group) protected by
-  //     log_write_mutex_. This is done by write group leader when
-  //     two-write-queues is disabled and write needs to sync logs.
-  // 15. back() called in ConcurrentWriteToWAL() protected by log_write_mutex_.
-  //     This can be done by the write group leader if two-write-queues is
-  //     enabled. It can also be done by another WAL-only write thread.
-  //
-  // Other observations:
-  //  - back() and items with getting_synced=true are not popped,
-  //  - The same thread that sets getting_synced=true will reset it.
-  //  - it follows that the object referred by back() can be safely read from
-  //  the write_thread_ without using mutex. Note that calling back() without
-  //  mutex may be unsafe because different implementations of deque::back() may
-  //  access other member variables of deque, causing undefined behaviors.
-  //  Generally, do not access stl containers without proper synchronization.
-  //  - it follows that the items with getting_synced=true can be safely read
-  //  from the same thread that has set getting_synced=true
-  std::deque<LogWriterNumber> logs_;
-
-  // Signaled when getting_synced becomes false for some of the logs_.
-  InstrumentedCondVar log_sync_cv_;
-  // This is the app-level state that is written to the WAL but will be used
-  // only during recovery. Using this feature enables not writing the state to
-  // memtable on normal writes and hence improving the throughput. Each new
-  // write of the state will replace the previous state entirely even if the
-  // keys in the two consecutive states do not overlap.
-  // It is protected by log_write_mutex_ when two_write_queues_ is enabled.
-  // Otherwise only the heaad of write_thread_ can access it.
-  WriteBatch cached_recoverable_state_;
-  std::atomic<bool> cached_recoverable_state_empty_ = {true};
-  std::atomic<uint64_t> total_log_size_;
-
-  // If this is non-empty, we need to delete these log files in background
-  // threads. Protected by log_write_mutex_.
-  autovector<log::Writer*> logs_to_free_;
-
-  bool is_snapshot_supported_;
-
-  std::map<uint64_t, std::map<std::string, uint64_t>> stats_history_;
-
-  std::map<std::string, uint64_t> stats_slice_;
-
-  bool stats_slice_initialized_ = false;
-
-  Directories directories_;
-
-  WriteBufferManager* write_buffer_manager_;
-
-  WriteThread write_thread_;
-  WriteBatch tmp_batch_;
-  // The write thread when the writers have no memtable write. This will be used
-  // in 2PC to batch the prepares separately from the serial commit.
-  WriteThread nonmem_write_thread_;
-
-  WriteController write_controller_;
-
-  // Size of the last batch group. In slowdown mode, next write needs to
-  // sleep if it uses up the quota.
-  // Note: This is to protect memtable and compaction. If the batch only writes
-  // to the WAL its size need not to be included in this.
-  uint64_t last_batch_group_size_;
-
-  FlushScheduler flush_scheduler_;
-
-  TrimHistoryScheduler trim_history_scheduler_;
-
-  SnapshotList snapshots_;
-
-  TimestampedSnapshotList timestamped_snapshots_;
-
-  // For each background job, pending_outputs_ keeps the current file number at
-  // the time that background job started.
-  // FindObsoleteFiles()/PurgeObsoleteFiles() never deletes any file that has
-  // number bigger than any of the file number in pending_outputs_. Since file
-  // numbers grow monotonically, this also means that pending_outputs_ is always
-  // sorted. After a background job is done executing, its file number is
-  // deleted from pending_outputs_, which allows PurgeObsoleteFiles() to clean
-  // it up.
-  // State is protected with db mutex.
-  std::list<uint64_t> pending_outputs_;
-
-  // flush_queue_ and compaction_queue_ hold column families that we need to
-  // flush and compact, respectively.
-  // A column family is inserted into flush_queue_ when it satisfies condition
-  // cfd->imm()->IsFlushPending()
-  // A column family is inserted into compaction_queue_ when it satisfied
-  // condition cfd->NeedsCompaction()
-  // Column families in this list are all Ref()-erenced
-  // TODO(icanadi) Provide some kind of ReferencedColumnFamily class that will
-  // do RAII on ColumnFamilyData
-  // Column families are in this queue when they need to be flushed or
-  // compacted. Consumers of these queues are flush and compaction threads. When
-  // column family is put on this queue, we increase unscheduled_flushes_ and
-  // unscheduled_compactions_. When these variables are bigger than zero, that
-  // means we need to schedule background threads for flush and compaction.
-  // Once the background threads are scheduled, we decrease unscheduled_flushes_
-  // and unscheduled_compactions_. That way we keep track of number of
-  // compaction and flush threads we need to schedule. This scheduling is done
-  // in MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction()
-  // invariant(column family present in flush_queue_ <==>
-  // ColumnFamilyData::pending_flush_ == true)
-  std::deque<FlushRequest> flush_queue_;
-  // invariant(column family present in compaction_queue_ <==>
-  // ColumnFamilyData::pending_compaction_ == true)
-  std::deque<ColumnFamilyData*> compaction_queue_;
-
-  // A map to store file numbers and filenames of the files to be purged
-  std::unordered_map<uint64_t, PurgeFileInfo> purge_files_;
-
-  // A vector to store the file numbers that have been assigned to certain
-  // JobContext. Current implementation tracks table and blob files only.
-  std::unordered_set<uint64_t> files_grabbed_for_purge_;
-
-  // A queue to store log writers to close. Protected by db mutex_.
-  std::deque<log::Writer*> logs_to_free_queue_;
-
-  std::deque<SuperVersion*> superversions_to_free_queue_;
-
-  int unscheduled_flushes_;
-
-  int unscheduled_compactions_;
-
-  // count how many background compactions are running or have been scheduled in
-  // the BOTTOM pool
-  int bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_;
-
-  // count how many background compactions are running or have been scheduled
-  int bg_compaction_scheduled_;
-
-  // stores the number of compactions are currently running
-  int num_running_compactions_;
-
-  // number of background memtable flush jobs, submitted to the HIGH pool
-  int bg_flush_scheduled_;
-
-  // stores the number of flushes are currently running
-  int num_running_flushes_;
-
-  // number of background obsolete file purge jobs, submitted to the HIGH pool
-  int bg_purge_scheduled_;
-
-  std::deque<ManualCompactionState*> manual_compaction_dequeue_;
-
-  // shall we disable deletion of obsolete files
-  // if 0 the deletion is enabled.
-  // if non-zero, files will not be getting deleted
-  // This enables two different threads to call
-  // EnableFileDeletions() and DisableFileDeletions()
-  // without any synchronization
-  int disable_delete_obsolete_files_;
-
-  // Number of times FindObsoleteFiles has found deletable files and the
-  // corresponding call to PurgeObsoleteFiles has not yet finished.
-  int pending_purge_obsolete_files_;
-
-  // last time when DeleteObsoleteFiles with full scan was executed. Originally
-  // initialized with startup time.
-  uint64_t delete_obsolete_files_last_run_;
-
-  // The thread that wants to switch memtable, can wait on this cv until the
-  // pending writes to memtable finishes.
-  std::condition_variable switch_cv_;
-  // The mutex used by switch_cv_. mutex_ should be acquired beforehand.
-  std::mutex switch_mutex_;
-  // Number of threads intending to write to memtable
-  std::atomic<size_t> pending_memtable_writes_ = {};
-
-  // A flag indicating whether the current rocksdb database has any
-  // data that is not yet persisted into either WAL or SST file.
-  // Used when disableWAL is true.
-  std::atomic<bool> has_unpersisted_data_;
-
-  // if an attempt was made to flush all column families that
-  // the oldest log depends on but uncommitted data in the oldest
-  // log prevents the log from being released.
-  // We must attempt to free the dependent memtables again
-  // at a later time after the transaction in the oldest
-  // log is fully commited.
-  bool unable_to_release_oldest_log_;
-
-  // Number of running IngestExternalFile() or CreateColumnFamilyWithImport()
-  // calls.
-  // REQUIRES: mutex held
-  int num_running_ingest_file_;
-
-  WalManager wal_manager_;
-
-  // A value of > 0 temporarily disables scheduling of background work
-  int bg_work_paused_;
-
-  // A value of > 0 temporarily disables scheduling of background compaction
-  int bg_compaction_paused_;
-
-  // Guard against multiple concurrent refitting
-  bool refitting_level_;
-
-  // Indicate DB was opened successfully
-  bool opened_successfully_;
-
-  // The min threshold to triggere bottommost compaction for removing
-  // garbages, among all column families.
-  SequenceNumber bottommost_files_mark_threshold_ = kMaxSequenceNumber;
-
-  LogsWithPrepTracker logs_with_prep_tracker_;
-
-  // Callback for compaction to check if a key is visible to a snapshot.
-  // REQUIRES: mutex held
-  std::unique_ptr<SnapshotChecker> snapshot_checker_;
-
-  // Callback for when the cached_recoverable_state_ is written to memtable
-  // Only to be set during initialization
-  std::unique_ptr<PreReleaseCallback> recoverable_state_pre_release_callback_;
-
-  // Scheduler to run DumpStats(), PersistStats(), and FlushInfoLog().
-  // Currently, internally it has a global timer instance for running the tasks.
-  PeriodicTaskScheduler periodic_task_scheduler_;
-
-  // It contains the implementations for each periodic task.
-  std::map<PeriodicTaskType, const PeriodicTaskFunc> periodic_task_functions_;
-
-  // When set, we use a separate queue for writes that don't write to memtable.
-  // In 2PC these are the writes at Prepare phase.
-  const bool two_write_queues_;
-  const bool manual_wal_flush_;
-
-  // LastSequence also indicates last published sequence visibile to the
-  // readers. Otherwise LastPublishedSequence should be used.
-  const bool last_seq_same_as_publish_seq_;
-  // It indicates that a customized gc algorithm must be used for
-  // flush/compaction and if it is not provided vis SnapshotChecker, we should
-  // disable gc to be safe.
-  const bool use_custom_gc_;
-  // Flag to indicate that the DB instance shutdown has been initiated. This
-  // different from shutting_down_ atomic in that it is set at the beginning
-  // of shutdown sequence, specifically in order to prevent any background
-  // error recovery from going on in parallel. The latter, shutting_down_,
-  // is set a little later during the shutdown after scheduling memtable
-  // flushes
-  std::atomic<bool> shutdown_initiated_;
-  // Flag to indicate whether sst_file_manager object was allocated in
-  // DB::Open() or passed to us
-  bool own_sfm_;
-
-  // Flag to check whether Close() has been called on this DB
-  bool closed_;
-  // save the closing status, for re-calling the close()
-  Status closing_status_;
-  // mutex for DB::Close()
-  InstrumentedMutex closing_mutex_;
-
-  // Conditional variable to coordinate installation of atomic flush results.
-  // With atomic flush, each bg thread installs the result of flushing multiple
-  // column families, and different threads can flush different column
-  // families. It's difficult to rely on one thread to perform batch
-  // installation for all threads. This is different from the non-atomic flush
-  // case.
-  // atomic_flush_install_cv_ makes sure that threads install atomic flush
-  // results sequentially. Flush results of memtables with lower IDs get
-  // installed to MANIFEST first.
-  InstrumentedCondVar atomic_flush_install_cv_;
-
-  bool wal_in_db_path_;
-  std::atomic<uint64_t> max_total_wal_size_;
-
-  BlobFileCompletionCallback blob_callback_;
-
-  // Pointer to WriteBufferManager stalling interface.
-  std::unique_ptr<StallInterface> wbm_stall_;
-
-  // seqno_to_time_mapping_ stores the sequence number to time mapping, it's not
-  // thread safe, both read and write need db mutex hold.
-  SeqnoToTimeMapping seqno_to_time_mapping_;
-
-  // Stop write token that is acquired when first LockWAL() is called.
-  // Destroyed when last UnlockWAL() is called. Controlled by DB mutex.
-  // See lock_wal_count_
-  std::unique_ptr<WriteControllerToken> lock_wal_write_token_;
-
-  // The number of LockWAL called without matching UnlockWAL call.
-  // See also lock_wal_write_token_
-  uint32_t lock_wal_count_;
-};
-
-class GetWithTimestampReadCallback : public ReadCallback {
- public:
-  explicit GetWithTimestampReadCallback(SequenceNumber seq)
-      : ReadCallback(seq) {}
-  bool IsVisibleFullCheck(SequenceNumber seq) override {
-    return seq <= max_visible_seq_;
-  }
-};
-
-Options SanitizeOptions(const std::string& db, const Options& src,
-                        bool read_only = false,
-                        Status* logger_creation_s = nullptr);
-
-DBOptions SanitizeOptions(const std::string& db, const DBOptions& src,
-                          bool read_only = false,
-                          Status* logger_creation_s = nullptr);
-
-CompressionType GetCompressionFlush(const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions,
-                                    const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options);
-
-// Return the earliest log file to keep after the memtable flush is
-// finalized.
-// `cfd_to_flush` is the column family whose memtable (specified in
-// `memtables_to_flush`) will be flushed and thus will not depend on any WAL
-// file.
-// The function is only applicable to 2pc mode.
-uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeep2PC(
-    VersionSet* vset, const ColumnFamilyData& cfd_to_flush,
-    const autovector<VersionEdit*>& edit_list,
-    const autovector<MemTable*>& memtables_to_flush,
-    LogsWithPrepTracker* prep_tracker);
-// For atomic flush.
-uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeep2PC(
-    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds_to_flush,
-    const autovector<autovector<VersionEdit*>>& edit_lists,
-    const autovector<const autovector<MemTable*>*>& memtables_to_flush,
-    LogsWithPrepTracker* prep_tracker);
-
-// In non-2PC mode, WALs with log number < the returned number can be
-// deleted after the cfd_to_flush column family is flushed successfully.
-uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeepNon2PC(
-    VersionSet* vset, const ColumnFamilyData& cfd_to_flush,
-    const autovector<VersionEdit*>& edit_list);
-// For atomic flush.
-uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeepNon2PC(
-    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds_to_flush,
-    const autovector<autovector<VersionEdit*>>& edit_lists);
-
-// `cfd_to_flush` is the column family whose memtable will be flushed and thus
-// will not depend on any WAL file. nullptr means no memtable is being flushed.
-// The function is only applicable to 2pc mode.
-uint64_t FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable(
-    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<MemTable*>& memtables_to_flush);
-// For atomic flush.
-uint64_t FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable(
-    VersionSet* vset,
-    const autovector<const autovector<MemTable*>*>& memtables_to_flush);
-
-// Fix user-supplied options to be reasonable
-template <class T, class V>
-static void ClipToRange(T* ptr, V minvalue, V maxvalue) {
-  if (static_cast<V>(*ptr) > maxvalue) *ptr = maxvalue;
-  if (static_cast<V>(*ptr) < minvalue) *ptr = minvalue;
-}
-
-inline Status DBImpl::FailIfCfHasTs(
-    const ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) const {
-  if (!column_family) {
-    return Status::InvalidArgument("column family handle cannot be null");
-  }
-  assert(column_family);
-  const Comparator* const ucmp = column_family->GetComparator();
-  assert(ucmp);
-  if (ucmp->timestamp_size() > 0) {
-    std::ostringstream oss;
-    oss << "cannot call this method on column family "
-        << column_family->GetName() << " that enables timestamp";
-    return Status::InvalidArgument(oss.str());
-  }
-  return Status::OK();
-}
-
-inline Status DBImpl::FailIfTsMismatchCf(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                                         const Slice& ts) const {
-  if (!column_family) {
-    return Status::InvalidArgument("column family handle cannot be null");
-  }
-  assert(column_family);
-  const Comparator* const ucmp = column_family->GetComparator();
-  assert(ucmp);
-  if (0 == ucmp->timestamp_size()) {
-    std::stringstream oss;
-    oss << "cannot call this method on column family "
-        << column_family->GetName() << " that does not enable timestamp";
-    return Status::InvalidArgument(oss.str());
-  }
-  const size_t ts_sz = ts.size();
-  if (ts_sz != ucmp->timestamp_size()) {
-    std::stringstream oss;
-    oss << "Timestamp sizes mismatch: expect " << ucmp->timestamp_size() << ", "
-        << ts_sz << " given";
-    return Status::InvalidArgument(oss.str());
-  }
-  return Status::OK();
-}
-
-inline Status DBImpl::FailIfReadCollapsedHistory(const ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
-                                                 const SuperVersion* sv,
-                                                 const Slice& ts) const {
-  // Reaching to this point means the timestamp size matching sanity check in
-  // `DBImpl::FailIfTsMismatchCf` already passed. So we skip that and assume
-  // column family has the same user-defined timestamp format as `ts`.
-  const Comparator* const ucmp = cfd->user_comparator();
-  assert(ucmp);
-  const std::string& full_history_ts_low = sv->full_history_ts_low;
-  assert(full_history_ts_low.empty() ||
-         full_history_ts_low.size() == ts.size());
-  if (!full_history_ts_low.empty() &&
-      ucmp->CompareTimestamp(ts, full_history_ts_low) < 0) {
-    std::stringstream oss;
-    oss << "Read timestamp: " << ucmp->TimestampToString(ts)
-        << " is smaller than full_history_ts_low: "
-        << ucmp->TimestampToString(full_history_ts_low) << std::endl;
-    return Status::InvalidArgument(oss.str());
-  }
-  return Status::OK();
-}
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE