rea-agents 5.0.0 → 6.1.0

package/bridge/pwntools/layout_impl.py

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+"""Offline adapter to unchanged pwntools 4.15.0; never use libs/maps/libc.
+
+Owned request/snapshot/reply paths are supplied by REA. No host target-process launch,
+user configuration initialization, debugger startup, or dependency installation.
+"""
+import base64
+import importlib.metadata
+import io
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import resource
+import sys
+
+PROFILE = "pwntools@4.15.0;pyelftools@0.33;unicorn@2.1.2"
+PACKAGES = {"pwntools": "4.15.0", "pyelftools": "0.33", "unicorn": "2.1.2"}
+OUTPUT_BYTES = 64 * 1024 * 1024
+
+
+class LayoutFailure(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, reason, message):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.reason = reason
+
+
+def address(value):
+    return hex(int(value))
+
+
+def file_range(offset, size, length):
+    return 0 <= offset <= length and 0 <= size <= length - offset
+
+
+def location(offset, size, length):
+    if not file_range(offset, size, length):
+        raise LayoutFailure("format", "ELF contains a file-backed range outside the selected snapshot.")
+    return {"offset": address(offset), "bytes": address(size)}
+
+
+def name_reference(display, section, offset, content):
+    header = getattr(section, "header", None)
+    if header is None or header.sh_type != "SHT_STRTAB":
+        return {"display": display, "bytes_base64": None, "location": None,
+                "unknown_reason": "Referenced string table could not be resolved."}
+    return name_in_table(display, header.sh_offset, header.sh_size, offset, content)
+
+
+def name_in_table(display, table_start, table_size, offset, content):
+    location(table_start, table_size, len(content))
+    if not 0 <= offset < table_size:
+        raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF name offset {offset} lies outside its declared string table of {table_size} bytes at file offset {table_start}.")
+    start = table_start + offset
+    limit = table_start + table_size
+    end = content.find(b"\0", start, limit)
+    if end < 0:
+        raise LayoutFailure("format", "ELF name lacks a terminator within its reported string table.")
+    raw = content[start:end]
+    return {"display": raw.decode("utf-8", "replace") if display is None else display, "bytes_base64": base64.b64encode(raw).decode("ascii"),
+            "location": location(start, len(raw) + 1, len(content)), "unknown_reason": None}
+
+
+def dynamic_name_reference(tags, offset, image, content):
+    starts = [tag.d_val for tag in tags if tag.d_tag == "DT_STRTAB"]
+    sizes = [tag.d_val for tag in tags if tag.d_tag == "DT_STRSZ"]
+    if not starts or not sizes:
+        raise LayoutFailure("format", "ELF dependency requires DT_STRTAB and DT_STRSZ.")
+    if len(starts) != 1 or len(sizes) != 1:
+        raise LayoutFailure("unsupported-target", "ELF dependency string-table tags are ambiguous: " + repr({"DT_STRTAB": starts, "DT_STRSZ": sizes}))
+    if not 0 <= offset < sizes[0]:
+        raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF dependency name offset {offset} lies outside declared DT_STRSZ {sizes[0]}.")
+    offsets = set()
+    if len(starts) == 1 and len(sizes) == 1:
+        for segment in image.iter_segments_by_type("PT_LOAD"):
+            h = segment.header
+            if starts[0] >= h.p_vaddr and starts[0] + sizes[0] <= h.p_vaddr + h.p_filesz:
+                offsets.add(h.p_offset + starts[0] - h.p_vaddr)
+    if len(offsets) != 1:
+        raise LayoutFailure("unsupported-target", "Dynamic string table lacks a unique file-backed mapping: " + repr({"DT_STRTAB": starts, "DT_STRSZ": sizes, "candidate_file_offsets": sorted(offsets)}))
+    return name_in_table(None, offsets.pop(), sizes[0], offset, content)
+
+
+def symbol_value_meaning(raw, image_type, sections):
+    index = raw.st_shndx
+    if raw.st_info.type == "STT_FILE": return "no-address"
+    if index == "SHN_UNDEF": return "undefined"
+    if index == "SHN_COMMON": return "alignment"
+    if index == "SHN_ABS": return "absolute-value"
+    if not isinstance(index, int) or not 0 < index < len(sections) or index >= 0xff00:
+        return "unknown-section-index"
+    if sections[index].header.sh_type == "SHT_NULL":
+        return "unknown-section-index"
+    if image_type == "ET_REL": return "section-offset"
+    if raw.st_info.type == "STT_TLS": return "tls-offset"
+    return "linked-virtual-address"
+
+
+def relocation_target(image_type, section_index, offset, sections):
+    if image_type != "ET_REL":
+        return {"kind": "linked-virtual-address", "address": address(offset)}
+    if section_index == 0 or sections[section_index].header.sh_type == "SHT_NULL":
+        return {"kind": "unknown-section", "reported_section_index": section_index,
+                "offset": address(offset), "unknown_reason": "undefined-section-reference" if section_index == 0 else "inactive-section-header"}
+    return {"kind": "section-offset", "section_index": section_index, "offset": address(offset)}
+
+
+def inspect_elf(path, cache):
+    for package, expected in PACKAGES.items():
+        try:
+            version = importlib.metadata.version(package)
+        except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError as error:
+            raise LayoutFailure("unavailable", "Selected Python lacks " + package + " " + expected + ".") from error
+        if version != expected:
+            raise LayoutFailure("unsupported", "Expected " + package + " " + expected + "; selected Python reports " + version + ".")
+    content = path.read_bytes()
+    if len(content) < 4 or content[:4] != b"\x7fELF":
+        raise LayoutFailure("format", "Selected object does not contain an ELF header.")
+    if len(content) < 16:
+        raise LayoutFailure("format", "Selected ELF identification is truncated.")
+    if content[4] != 2 or content[5] != 1:
+        raise LayoutFailure("unsupported-target", "Initial layout profile requires ELF64 little-endian objects.")
+    if len(content) < 64:
+        raise LayoutFailure("format", "Selected ELF64 header is truncated.")
+    if int.from_bytes(content[18:20], "little") != 62:
+        raise LayoutFailure("unsupported-target", "Initial layout profile requires x86-64 ELF objects.")
+    if int.from_bytes(content[16:18], "little") not in (1, 2, 3):
+        raise LayoutFailure("unsupported-target", "Selected ELF type is outside the EXEC/DYN/REL layout profile; recorded core analysis is separate.")
+    from pwnlib.context import context
+    with context.local(cache_dir=str(cache), log_level="warning"):
+        from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError
+        from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
+        from pwnlib.elf import ELF
+        try:
+            headers = ELFFile(io.BytesIO(content))
+            section_count = headers.num_sections()
+            if headers.header.e_shstrndx == 0xffff and section_count == 0:
+                raise LayoutFailure("format", "ELF extended section-name index requires a declared section-zero header.")
+            raw_name_index = headers.header.e_shstrndx
+            if 0xff00 <= raw_name_index < 0xffff:
+                raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF section-name index {raw_name_index} is reserved and cannot directly reference a section.")
+            section_name_index = headers.get_shstrndx()
+            if raw_name_index == 0xffff and section_name_index < 0xff00:
+                raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF SHN_XINDEX resolves to ordinary index {section_name_index}; the escape requires an index at least SHN_LORESERVE (0xff00).")
+            if section_name_index != 0:
+                if section_name_index >= section_count:
+                    raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF section-name table index {section_name_index} lies outside the declared section count {section_count}.")
+                names_header = headers._get_section_header(section_name_index)
+                if names_header.sh_type != "SHT_STRTAB":
+                    raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF section-name table {section_name_index} is not SHT_STRTAB.")
+                location(names_header.sh_offset, names_header.sh_size, len(content))
+        except ELFError as error:
+            raise LayoutFailure("format", str(error)) from error
+        class LayoutELF(ELF):
+            def _get_section_name(self, header):
+                # SHN_UNDEF declares no names; upstream would otherwise read
+                # strings at the inactive section-zero offset.
+                return "" if section_name_index == 0 else super()._get_section_name(header)
+
+            # pyelftools 0.33 calls these documented filters internally;
+            # pwntools 4.15.0's cached overrides do not accept the argument.
+            # Forward the filter on this adapter instance, without modifying
+            # either upstream package or process-global methods.
+            def iter_segments(self, type=None):
+                return (segment for segment in super().iter_segments()
+                        if type is None or segment.header.p_type == type)
+
+            def iter_sections(self, type=None):
+                return (section for section in super().iter_sections()
+                        if type is None or section.header.sh_type == type)
+        try:
+            image = LayoutELF(str(path), checksec=False)
+            if image.arch != "amd64" or image.bits != 64 or image.endian != "little":
+                raise LayoutFailure("unsupported-target", "Initial layout profile requires x86-64 ELF64 little-endian objects.")
+            if image.header.e_type not in ("ET_EXEC", "ET_DYN", "ET_REL"):
+                raise LayoutFailure("unsupported-target", "Selected ELF type is outside the EXEC/DYN/REL layout profile; recorded core analysis is separate.")
+            length = len(content)
+            all_sections = list(image.iter_sections())
+            shstrings = image.get_section(section_name_index) if all_sections and section_name_index != 0 else None
+            sections, segments, symbols, relocations, packed_relatives = [], [], [], [], []
+            needed, interpreters = [], []
+            for index, section in enumerate(all_sections):
+                h = section.header
+                backing = h.sh_type not in ("SHT_NOBITS", "SHT_NULL")
+                if backing: location(h.sh_offset, h.sh_size, length)
+                sections.append({
+                    "index": index, "name": name_reference(section.name, shstrings, h.sh_name, content) if shstrings is not None else {"display": "", "bytes_base64": None, "location": None, "unknown_reason": "ELF declares no section-name table (SHN_UNDEF index 0)."}, "name_offset": address(h.sh_name), "type": h.sh_type,
+                    "header_location": location(image.header.e_shoff + index * image.header.e_shentsize, image.header.e_shentsize, length),
+                    "address": address(h.sh_addr), "offset": address(h.sh_offset),
+                    "size": address(h.sh_size), "alignment": address(h.sh_addralign),
+                    "flags": address(h.sh_flags), "link": h.sh_link, "info": h.sh_info,
+                    "entry_size": address(h.sh_entsize), "file_backing": "file" if backing else "none",
+                })
+                if h.sh_type in ("SHT_SYMTAB", "SHT_DYNSYM"):
+                    if h.sh_entsize < image.structs.Elf_Sym.sizeof():
+                        raise LayoutFailure("format", "ELF symbol entry is smaller than the decoded Elf64_Sym structure.")
+                    if h.sh_link >= len(all_sections) or all_sections[h.sh_link].header.sh_type != "SHT_STRTAB":
+                        raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF symbol table {index} links to invalid string table {h.sh_link}.")
+                    strings = all_sections[h.sh_link]
+                    for entry, symbol in enumerate(section.iter_symbols()):
+                        raw = symbol.entry
+                        symbols.append({
+                            "table_index": index, "entry_index": entry,
+                            "name": name_reference(symbol.name, strings, raw.st_name, content), "name_offset": address(raw.st_name),
+                            "location": location(h.sh_offset + entry * h.sh_entsize, h.sh_entsize, length),
+                            "value": address(raw.st_value), "value_meaning": symbol_value_meaning(raw, image.header.e_type, all_sections),
+                            "size": address(raw.st_size), "binding": raw.st_info.bind, "type": raw.st_info.type,
+                            "visibility": raw.st_other.visibility, "section_index": raw.st_shndx,
+                        })
+                if h.sh_type in ("SHT_REL", "SHT_RELA"):
+                    if image.header.e_type == "ET_REL" and h.sh_info >= len(all_sections):
+                        raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF relocation section {index} references missing target section {h.sh_info}.")
+                    symbol_table = None
+                    if h.sh_link != 0:
+                        if h.sh_link >= len(all_sections) or all_sections[h.sh_link].header.sh_type not in ("SHT_SYMTAB", "SHT_DYNSYM"):
+                            raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF relocation section {index} links to invalid symbol table {h.sh_link}.")
+                        symbol_table = all_sections[h.sh_link]
+                    for entry, relocation in enumerate(section.iter_relocations()):
+                        raw = relocation.entry
+                        if raw.r_info_sym != 0 and (symbol_table is None or raw.r_info_sym >= symbol_table.num_symbols()):
+                            raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF relocation section {index} entry {entry} references missing symbol {raw.r_info_sym} in table {h.sh_link}.")
+                        relocations.append({
+                            "section_index": index, "entry_index": entry, "reported_offset": address(raw.r_offset),
+                            "target": relocation_target(image.header.e_type, h.sh_info, raw.r_offset, all_sections),
+                            "location": location(h.sh_offset + entry * h.sh_entsize, h.sh_entsize, length),
+                            "type": raw.r_info_type, "symbol_table_index": h.sh_link, "symbol_index": raw.r_info_sym,
+                            "symbol_reference_meaning": "zero-symbol-value" if raw.r_info_sym == 0 else "symbol-table-entry",
+                            "addend": None if "r_addend" not in raw else str(raw.r_addend),
+                        })
+                if h.sh_type == "SHT_RELR":
+                    packed_relatives.append({
+                        "section_index": index,
+                        "location": location(h.sh_offset, h.sh_size, length),
+                        "encoded_bytes_base64": base64.b64encode(content[h.sh_offset:h.sh_offset + h.sh_size]).decode("ascii"),
+                        "entries": [{"decoded_index": decoded, "reported_offset": address(relocation.entry.r_offset)} for decoded, relocation in enumerate(section.iter_relocations())],
+                        "offset_meaning": "unknown" if image.header.e_type == "ET_REL" else "linked-virtual-address",
+                        "evidence_kind": "derived", "entry_source_locations": None, "addends": None,
+                    })
+            for index, segment in enumerate(image.iter_segments()):
+                h = segment.header
+                backing = h.p_type != "PT_NULL" and h.p_filesz != 0
+                if backing: location(h.p_offset, h.p_filesz, length)
+                if h.p_type == "PT_LOAD" and h.p_memsz < h.p_filesz:
+                    raise LayoutFailure("format", "ELF load segment memory size is smaller than its file size.")
+                segments.append({
+                    "index": index, "type": h.p_type, "offset": address(h.p_offset),
+                    "header_location": location(image.header.e_phoff + index * image.header.e_phentsize, image.header.e_phentsize, length),
+                    "file_size": address(h.p_filesz), "memory_size": address(h.p_memsz),
+                    "virtual_address": address(h.p_vaddr), "physical_address": address(h.p_paddr),
+                    "alignment": address(h.p_align), "flags": address(h.p_flags),
+                    "file_backing": "file" if backing else "none",
+                    "permissions": None if h.p_type == "PT_NULL" else {"read": bool(h.p_flags & 4), "write": bool(h.p_flags & 2), "execute": bool(h.p_flags & 1)},
+                })
+                if h.p_type == "PT_DYNAMIC":
+                    tag_size = image.structs.Elf_Dyn.sizeof()
+                    tags = []
+                    for tag_index in range(h.p_filesz // tag_size):
+                        tag = segment._get_tag(tag_index)
+                        tags.append(tag)
+                        if tag.d_tag == "DT_NULL":
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        raise LayoutFailure("format", f"ELF dynamic segment {index} has no complete DT_NULL terminator within its reported file range.")
+                    for tag in tags:
+                        if tag.d_tag == "DT_NEEDED":
+                            needed.append(dynamic_name_reference(tags, tag.d_val, image, content))
+                if h.p_type == "PT_INTERP":
+                    raw = content[h.p_offset:h.p_offset + h.p_filesz]
+                    end = raw.find(b"\0")
+                    if end < 0:
+                        raise LayoutFailure("format", "ELF interpreter lacks a reported terminator.")
+                    interpreters.append({"display": raw[:end].decode("utf-8", "replace"), "bytes_base64": base64.b64encode(raw[:end]).decode("ascii"), "location": location(h.p_offset, end + 1, length), "unknown_reason": None})
+            return {
+                "format": "elf", "architecture": {"machine": image.header.e_machine, "bits": image.bits, "byte_order": image.endian},
+                "image_type": image.header.e_type,
+                "entry_point": {"reported_value": address(image.header.e_entry), "meaning": "not-applicable" if image.header.e_type == "ET_REL" else "absent" if image.header.e_entry == 0 else "linked-virtual-address", "execution_status": "unknown"},
+                "runtime_load_base": None, "sections": sections, "segments": segments, "symbols": symbols, "relocations": relocations,
+                "packed_relative_relocations": packed_relatives, "relocation_inventory_completeness": "unknown",
+                "linkage": {"needed_libraries": needed, "interpreters": interpreters,
+                    "got": [{"display_name": name, "address": address(value)} for name, value in image.got.items()],
+                    "plt": [{"display_name": name, "address": address(value)} for name, value in image.plt.items()],
+                    "convenience_maps_completeness": "unknown", "runtime_library_paths": None},
+                "mitigations": {"evidence_kind": "inferred", "position_independent": image.pie, "nx_indicator": image.nx, "executable_stack_indicator": image.execstack, "stack_canary_indicator": image.canary, "relro": image.relro},
+                "limitations": [
+                    "PT_NULL payload fields are unused and retain their reported numbers without file-byte or permission claims. Zero-file-size segments provide no file bytes.",
+                    "SHN_XINDEX symbol values remain unresolved in this upstream representation; an external index table does not establish a resolved index in this report.",
+                    "Reported values preserve linked addresses, section offsets, TLS offsets, alignment and absolute values separately. Runtime load base and library paths are unknown.",
+                    "Names are display strings plus raw bytes and file ranges where resolvable; section/table/entry indices preserve identity and duplicates. Name ranges include their terminating NUL; raw name bytes exclude it.",
+                    "Ordinary relocation rows cover REL/RELA. RELR tables retain complete encoded bytes and upstream-decoded offsets as derived evidence; per-offset packed-word locations and implicit addends remain unknown. Relocation inventory completeness is unknown, including other encodings and missing section tables.",
+                    "Relocation symbol index zero uses a zero symbol value without a table lookup. Positive indices reference validated original symbol-table entries; raw table and symbol indices remain reported.",
+                    "Relocatable relocation targets with SHN_UNDEF or inactive SHT_NULL headers retain their reported section index/offset as unknown; they do not establish an associated target section.",
+                    "GOT/PLT are derived upstream convenience maps; PLT inference can emulate selected instructions in Unicorn. They do not establish target runtime behavior; aliases may collapse and warnings may indicate incomplete coverage. Their completeness is unknown.",
+                    "Mitigations are upstream static heuristics, not runtime protection. ET_DYN does not prove an executable; absent canary symbols do not prove every function unprotected.",
+                    "This profile inspects ELF EXEC/DYN/REL layout only. It does not analyze recorded cores, resolve loaded libraries, launch the target as a host process or start a debugger.",
+                    "Symbol/relocation inventories reflect original section tables. A sectionless image can still report dynamic dependency names; missing tables do not prove absence of dynamic symbols or relocations.",
+                    *(["Absent section-name table: section-dependent RELRO/canary heuristics may be incomplete; protection coverage is unknown."] if all_sections and section_name_index == 0 else []),
+                    *(["Sectionless images lack the .dynamic section and symbol tables used by upstream heuristics. RELRO/canary indicators may be incomplete; their values remain reported static candidates, with protection coverage unknown."] if not all_sections else []),
+                ],
+            }
+        except LayoutFailure:
+            raise
+        except (ELFError, ValueError, AssertionError, IndexError) as error:
+            raise LayoutFailure("format", "Selected ELF failed unchanged upstream structural parsing: " + str(error)) from error
+
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    runtime_path = Path(__file__).with_name("decoder_runtime.py")
+    runtime = {"__file__": str(runtime_path), "__name__": "rea_decoder_runtime"}
+    exec(compile(runtime_path.read_bytes(), str(runtime_path), "exec"), runtime)
+    runtime["main"](sys.argv[-1], inspect_elf, LayoutFailure, PROFILE)

package/bridge/pwntools/recorded_crash.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Catch typed resource failures while loading or running the owned recorded-core adapter.
+
+Only this package's fixed sibling is executed; caller input stays in request.json.
+Interpreter startup failures before this boundary remain unclassified.
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def resource_exit(status, marker):
+    try:
+        if len(sys.argv) > 2:
+            descriptor = os.open(sys.argv[1], os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0o600)
+            os.write(descriptor, marker)
+            os.close(descriptor)
+    except (OSError, MemoryError):
+        # Without a complete marker the parent keeps this failure unclassified.
+        pass
+    os._exit(status)
+
+try:
+    implementation = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "recorded_crash_impl.py")
+    with open(implementation, "rb") as handle:
+        source = handle.read()
+    exec(compile(source, implementation, "exec"), {
+        "__file__": implementation,
+        "__name__": "__main__",
+    })
+except MemoryError:
+    # Reserved status: an observed allocation failure, including imports/compile.
+    resource_exit(75, b"M")
+except OSError as error:
+    # Linux ENOMEM is an observed allocation failure, independent of error text.
+    if error.errno == 12:
+        resource_exit(75, b"M")
+    # Linux EFBIG is observed directly, including a partial limits/reply write.
+    if error.errno == 27:
+        resource_exit(76, b"F")
+    raise

package/bridge/pwntools/recorded_crash_impl.py

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""Bounded Linux core evidence via unchanged ELFFile/structs and pwntools ctypes.
+
+No Corefile-selected thread, executable guessing, process lookup or target launch.
+"""
+import base64
+import ctypes
+import importlib.metadata
+import io
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+PROFILE = "pwntools@4.15.0;pyelftools@0.33;unicorn@2.1.2"
+
+
+class CoreFailure(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, reason, message):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.reason = reason
+
+
+def encoded(value):
+    return base64.b64encode(value).decode("ascii")
+
+
+def location(offset, size, limit):
+    if not 0 <= offset <= limit or not 0 <= size <= limit - offset:
+        raise CoreFailure("format", "Recorded source range exceeds its declared container.")
+    return {"offset": hex(offset), "bytes": hex(size)}
+
+
+def inspect_core(path, cache):
+    for package, required in {"pwntools": "4.15.0", "pyelftools": "0.33", "unicorn": "2.1.2"}.items():
+        try:
+            actual = importlib.metadata.version(package)
+        except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError as error:
+            raise CoreFailure("unavailable", "Selected Python lacks " + package + " " + required + ".") from error
+        if actual != required:
+            raise CoreFailure("unsupported", "Expected " + package + " " + required + "; selected Python reports " + actual + ".")
+    content = path.read_bytes()
+    if len(content) < 16 or content[:4] != b"\x7fELF":
+        raise CoreFailure("format", "Selected recording lacks a complete ELF identification.")
+    if content[4:6] != b"\x02\x01":
+        raise CoreFailure("unsupported-target", "Initial recorded-core profile requires ELF64 little-endian.")
+    if len(content) < 64:
+        raise CoreFailure("format", "Selected ELF64 core header is truncated.")
+    if content[6] != 1:
+        raise CoreFailure("format", "ELF identification version is not EV_CURRENT.")
+    if int.from_bytes(content[20:24], "little") != 1:
+        raise CoreFailure("format", "ELF header version is not EV_CURRENT.")
+    # Linux commonly emits ELFOSABI_NONE (0), also accepted as GNU/Linux (3).
+    # Other declared OSABIs must never select Linux note ctypes.
+    if content[7] not in (0, 3) or content[8] != 0:
+        raise CoreFailure("unsupported-target", "Initial recorded-core profile requires System V or GNU/Linux OSABI with ABI version zero; selected OSABI=" + str(content[7]) + ", ABI version=" + str(content[8]) + ".")
+    if int.from_bytes(content[16:18], "little") != 4 or int.from_bytes(content[18:20], "little") != 62:
+        raise CoreFailure("unsupported-target", "Initial recorded-core profile requires x86-64 ET_CORE.")
+    from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError
+    from elftools.common.utils import struct_parse
+    from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
+    from pwnlib.elf.datatypes import elf_prstatus_amd64, elf_siginfo_64, user_regs_struct_amd64
+    try:
+        image = ELFFile(io.BytesIO(content))
+        header = image.header
+        count = image.num_segments()
+        if count and header.e_phentsize < image.structs.Elf_Phdr.sizeof():
+            raise CoreFailure("format", "Program-header entry is shorter than the required ELF64 structure.")
+        location(header.e_phoff, count * header.e_phentsize, len(content))
+        segments, notes, padding, threads, signals = [], [], [], [], []
+        for segment_index, segment in enumerate(image.iter_segments()):
+            h = segment.header
+            backing = h.p_type != "PT_NULL" and h.p_filesz > 0
+            if backing:
+                location(h.p_offset, h.p_filesz, len(content))
+            if h.p_type == "PT_LOAD" and h.p_filesz > h.p_memsz:
+                raise CoreFailure("format", "Recorded PT_LOAD file bytes exceed memory size.")
+            segments.append({"index": segment_index, "type": h.p_type,
+                             "header_location": location(header.e_phoff + segment_index * header.e_phentsize, header.e_phentsize, len(content)),
+                             "offset": hex(h.p_offset), "file_size": hex(h.p_filesz), "memory_size": hex(h.p_memsz),
+                             "virtual_address": hex(h.p_vaddr), "physical_address": hex(h.p_paddr), "alignment": hex(h.p_align), "flags": hex(h.p_flags), "file_backing": "file" if backing else "none"})
+            if h.p_type != "PT_NOTE" or h.p_filesz == 0:
+                continue
+            position, end = h.p_offset, h.p_offset + h.p_filesz
+            header_size = image.structs.Elf_Nhdr.sizeof()
+            while position < end:
+                if end - position < header_size:
+                    raw = content[position:end]
+                    if any(raw):
+                        raise CoreFailure("format", "Nonzero trailing note bytes lack a complete note header.")
+                    padding.append({"segment_index": segment_index, "location": location(position, len(raw), end), "bytes_base64": encoded(raw)})
+                    break
+                note = struct_parse(image.structs.Elf_Nhdr, image.stream, stream_pos=position)
+                owner_start = position + header_size
+                descriptor_start = owner_start + ((note.n_namesz + 3) // 4) * 4
+                note_end = descriptor_start + ((note.n_descsz + 3) // 4) * 4
+                location(position, note_end - position, end)
+                owner = content[owner_start:owner_start + note.n_namesz]
+                if owner and b"\0" not in owner:
+                    raise CoreFailure("format", "Declared note owner has no NUL terminator.")
+                display = owner.split(b"\0", 1)[0].decode("utf-8", "replace") if owner else None
+                descriptor = content[descriptor_start:descriptor_start + note.n_descsz]
+                note_index = len(notes)
+                notes.append({"index": note_index, "segment_index": segment_index, "type": note.n_type,
+                              "location": location(position, note_end - position, end),
+                              "owner_location": location(owner_start, len(owner), end), "owner_bytes_base64": encoded(owner), "owner_display": display,
+                              "descriptor_location": location(descriptor_start, len(descriptor), end), "descriptor_bytes_base64": encoded(descriptor)})
+                position = note_end
+                # Only the initial Linux CORE ABI is interpreted. Other owners retain exact bytes.
+                if owner != b"CORE\0":
+                    continue
+                if note.n_type == "NT_PRSTATUS":
+                    if len(descriptor) < ctypes.sizeof(elf_prstatus_amd64):
+                        raise CoreFailure("format", "Linux amd64 NT_PRSTATUS descriptor is truncated.")
+                    status = elf_prstatus_amd64.from_buffer_copy(descriptor)
+                    registers = []
+                    for name, kind in user_regs_struct_amd64._fields_:
+                        relative = elf_prstatus_amd64.pr_reg.offset + getattr(user_regs_struct_amd64, name).offset
+                        registers.append({"name": name, "value": hex(getattr(status.pr_reg, name)), "location": location(descriptor_start + relative, ctypes.sizeof(kind), end)})
+                    threads.append({"note_index": note_index, "historical_pid": ctypes.c_int32(status.pr_pid).value, "recorded_current_signal": status.pr_cursig, "registers": registers})
+                elif note.n_type == "NT_SIGINFO":
+                    if len(descriptor) < ctypes.sizeof(elf_siginfo_64):
+                        raise CoreFailure("format", "Linux amd64 NT_SIGINFO descriptor is truncated.")
+                    signal = elf_siginfo_64.from_buffer_copy(descriptor)
+                    number = ctypes.c_int32(signal.si_signo).value
+                    code = ctypes.c_int32(signal.si_code).value
+                    known = number == 11 and code in (1, 2)
+                    signals.append({"note_index": note_index, "number": number, "code": code, "errno": ctypes.c_int32(signal.si_errno).value,
+                                    "fault_address": hex(signal.sigfault_addr) if known else None,
+                                    "fault_address_meaning": "recorded-sigsegv-address" if known else "unknown", "thread_association": "unknown"})
+        return {"format": "elf-core", "architecture": "x86_64-little-endian", "target_execution": "not-performed", "live_process_identity": "unknown",
+                "segments": segments, "notes": notes, "note_padding": padding, "threads": threads, "signals": signals,
+                "note_interpretation_completeness": "unknown",
+                "limitations": ["The initial Linux note profile accepts System V/unspecified or GNU/Linux OSABI with ABI version zero; an unspecified OSABI alone does not prove operating-system origin.",
+                                "Historical PID and signal values are recorded metadata, not current process identity or attach authority.",
+                                "Only exact Linux CORE NT_PRSTATUS/NT_SIGINFO owners are interpreted; every descriptor and owner retains original bytes. Other note semantics remain unknown.",
+                                "NT_SIGINFO thread association is unknown. Only SIGSEGV SEGV_MAPERR/SEGV_ACCERR initially establish a fault-address union meaning.",
+                                "PT_LOAD file bytes are recorded bytes. Undumped memory and current executable/library identity remain unknown; no current host file is resolved from a recorded pathname.",
+                                "Missing notes/registers/signals do not establish their absence at the original crash. Full unwinding, executable pairing and live control are not provided."]}
+    except CoreFailure:
+        raise
+    except (ELFError, ValueError, AssertionError, IndexError) as error:
+        raise CoreFailure("format", "Recorded core failed unchanged upstream structural parsing: " + str(error)) from error
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    runtime_path = Path(__file__).with_name("decoder_runtime.py")
+    runtime = {"__file__": str(runtime_path), "__name__": "rea_decoder_runtime"}
+    exec(compile(runtime_path.read_bytes(), str(runtime_path), "exec"), runtime)
+    runtime["main"](sys.argv[-1], inspect_core, CoreFailure, PROFILE)