rea-agents 5.0.0 → 6.1.0

package/bridge/process/ProcessRunTokenReader.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+import Darwin
+import Foundation
+
+struct RunTokenObservation: Encodable {
+  let pid: Int32
+  let state: String
+  let run_id: String?
+  let reason: String?
+}
+
+struct ProcessIdentityObservation: Encodable {
+  let pid: Int32
+  let state: String
+  let identity: String?
+  let reason: String?
+}
+
+private struct ProcessMetadata {
+  let identity: String
+  let pointerSize: Int
+}
+
+struct ProcessSnapshot {
+  fileprivate let metadata: [Int32: ProcessMetadata]
+  let failure: String?
+}
+
+typealias ProcessTableSysctlCall = (
+  _ mib: inout [Int32],
+  _ output: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?,
+  _ size: inout Int
+) -> Int32
+
+private func readProcessSnapshot() -> ProcessSnapshot {
+  readProcessSnapshot { mib, output, size in
+    sysctl(&mib, u_int(mib.count), output, &size, nil, 0)
+  }
+}
+
+func readProcessSnapshot(
+  sysctlCall: ProcessTableSysctlCall
+) -> ProcessSnapshot {
+  for _ in 0..<3 {
+    var mib = [CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_ALL, 0]
+    var size = 0
+    guard sysctlCall(&mib, nil, &size) == 0 else {
+      let failure = errno
+      return ProcessSnapshot(metadata: [:], failure: "process_table_failed_\(failure)")
+    }
+    guard size >= MemoryLayout<kinfo_proc>.size,
+          size % MemoryLayout<kinfo_proc>.stride == 0 else {
+      return ProcessSnapshot(metadata: [:], failure: "process_table_failed_\(errno)")
+    }
+    var processes = [kinfo_proc](
+      repeating: kinfo_proc(),
+      count: size / MemoryLayout<kinfo_proc>.stride
+    )
+    let result = processes.withUnsafeMutableBufferPointer { buffer in
+      let output = buffer.baseAddress.map { UnsafeMutableRawPointer($0) }
+      return sysctlCall(&mib, output, &size)
+    }
+    guard result == 0 else {
+      let failure = errno
+      if failure == ENOMEM { continue }
+      return ProcessSnapshot(metadata: [:], failure: "process_table_failed_\(failure)")
+    }
+    guard size % MemoryLayout<kinfo_proc>.stride == 0 else {
+      return ProcessSnapshot(metadata: [:], failure: "process_table_failed_\(errno)")
+    }
+    let processCount = size / MemoryLayout<kinfo_proc>.stride
+    let metadata = Dictionary(
+      processes.prefix(processCount).map { process in
+        let start = process.kp_proc.p_starttime
+        return (
+          process.kp_proc.p_pid,
+          ProcessMetadata(
+            identity: "\(start.tv_sec):\(start.tv_usec)",
+            pointerSize: process.kp_proc.p_flag & P_LP64 != 0 ? 8 : 4
+          )
+        )
+      },
+      uniquingKeysWith: { first, _ in first }
+    )
+    return ProcessSnapshot(metadata: metadata, failure: nil)
+  }
+  return ProcessSnapshot(metadata: [:], failure: "process_table_failed_\(ENOMEM)")
+}
+
+func readProcessIdentities(pids: [Int32]) -> [ProcessIdentityObservation] {
+  let snapshot = readProcessSnapshot()
+  return pids.map { pid in
+    guard let metadata = snapshot.metadata[pid] else {
+      return unavailableIdentity(
+        pid: pid,
+        reason: snapshot.failure ?? "process_not_in_snapshot"
+      )
+    }
+    return ProcessIdentityObservation(pid: pid, state: "readable", identity: metadata.identity, reason: nil)
+  }
+}
+
+private func unavailableIdentity(pid: Int32, reason: String) -> ProcessIdentityObservation {
+  ProcessIdentityObservation(pid: pid, state: "unavailable", identity: nil, reason: reason)
+}
+
+enum RunTokenReadError: Error {
+  case invalidBuffer
+  case duplicateToken
+  case invalidTokenEncoding
+  case environmentUnavailable
+  case appleVectorUnavailable
+  case ambiguousEnvironmentBoundary
+}
+
+@_silgen_name("csops")
+private func csops(
+  _ pid: Int32,
+  _ ops: UInt32,
+  _ addr: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?,
+  _ size: Int
+) -> Int32
+
+private let csOpsStatus: UInt32 = 0
+private let csPlatformBinary: UInt32 = 0x0400_0000
+
+/**
+ * Whether the target image is an Apple platform binary. Current macOS omits
+ * the environment of platform binaries from KERN_PROCARGS2 for every caller,
+ * so this distinguishes a policy-withheld environment from a process whose
+ * environment is genuinely absent or transiently unreadable.
+ */
+func isPlatformBinary(pid: Int32) -> Bool {
+  var flags: UInt32 = 0
+  let result = withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &flags) { pointer in
+    csops(pid, csOpsStatus, UnsafeMutableRawPointer(pointer), MemoryLayout<UInt32>.size)
+  }
+  return result == 0 && (flags & csPlatformBinary) != 0
+}
+
+private func readRunToken(pid: Int32, pointerSize: Int) -> RunTokenObservation {
+  var mib = [CTL_KERN, KERN_PROCARGS2, Int32(pid)]
+  var size = 0
+  guard sysctl(&mib, u_int(mib.count), nil, &size, nil, 0) == 0, size >= MemoryLayout<Int32>.size else {
+    return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: "sysctl_failed_\(errno)")
+  }
+  var bytes = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: size)
+  let result = bytes.withUnsafeMutableBytes { buffer in
+    sysctl(&mib, u_int(mib.count), buffer.baseAddress, &size, nil, 0)
+  }
+  guard result == 0 else {
+    return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: "sysctl_failed_\(errno)")
+  }
+  bytes = Array(bytes.prefix(size))
+  do {
+    let runId = try token(in: bytes, pointerSize: pointerSize)
+    // A complete empty environment is readable for an ordinary image. Apple
+    // platform images can expose the same layout after the kernel withholds
+    // their environment, so they remain explicitly unverified without a token.
+    if runId == nil && isPlatformBinary(pid: pid) {
+      return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: "platform_binary_environment_withheld")
+    }
+    return RunTokenObservation(pid: pid, state: "readable", run_id: runId, reason: nil)
+  } catch RunTokenReadError.duplicateToken {
+    return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: "duplicate_run_token")
+  } catch RunTokenReadError.invalidTokenEncoding {
+    return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: "invalid_run_token_encoding")
+  } catch RunTokenReadError.environmentUnavailable {
+    return unavailable(
+      pid: pid,
+      reason: isPlatformBinary(pid: pid)
+        ? "platform_binary_environment_withheld"
+        : "environment_unavailable"
+    )
+  } catch RunTokenReadError.appleVectorUnavailable {
+    return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: "apple_vector_unavailable")
+  } catch RunTokenReadError.ambiguousEnvironmentBoundary {
+    return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: "ambiguous_environment_boundary")
+  } catch {
+    return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: "malformed_procargs")
+  }
+}
+
+func readRunTokens(pids: [Int32]) -> [RunTokenObservation] {
+  let before = readProcessSnapshot()
+  let observations = pids.map { pid -> RunTokenObservation in
+    guard let metadata = before.metadata[pid] else {
+      return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: before.failure ?? "process_not_in_snapshot")
+    }
+    return readRunToken(pid: pid, pointerSize: metadata.pointerSize)
+  }
+  let after = readProcessSnapshot()
+  return zip(pids, observations).map { pid, observation in
+    guard let initial = before.metadata[pid], let current = after.metadata[pid] else {
+      return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: after.failure ?? "process_not_in_snapshot")
+    }
+    guard initial.identity == current.identity,
+          initial.pointerSize == current.pointerSize else {
+      return unavailable(pid: pid, reason: "process_identity_changed_during_token_read")
+    }
+    return observation
+  }
+}
+
+func token(in bytes: [UInt8], pointerSize: Int = MemoryLayout<UnsafeRawPointer>.size) throws -> String? {
+  guard bytes.count >= MemoryLayout<Int32>.size else { throw RunTokenReadError.invalidBuffer }
+  let argc = bytes.withUnsafeBytes { $0.loadUnaligned(as: Int32.self).littleEndian }
+  guard argc >= 0, Int(argc) <= bytes.count else { throw RunTokenReadError.invalidBuffer }
+  var offset = MemoryLayout<Int32>.size
+  guard let executablePath = readString(in: bytes, offset: &offset) else {
+    throw RunTokenReadError.invalidBuffer
+  }
+  guard pointerSize == 4 || pointerSize == 8 else { throw RunTokenReadError.invalidBuffer }
+  let pathRecordSize = Array("executable_path=".utf8).count + executablePath.count + 1
+  let padding = (pointerSize - pathRecordSize % pointerSize) % pointerSize
+  guard offset + padding <= bytes.count,
+        bytes[offset..<(offset + padding)].allSatisfy({ $0 == 0 }) else {
+    throw RunTokenReadError.invalidBuffer
+  }
+  offset += padding
+  for _ in 0..<argc {
+    guard readString(in: bytes, offset: &offset, allowEmpty: true) != nil else {
+      throw RunTokenReadError.invalidBuffer
+    }
+  }
+  guard bytes.last == 0 else { throw RunTokenReadError.invalidBuffer }
+  if offset == bytes.count {
+    throw RunTokenReadError.environmentUnavailable
+  }
+  var trailingEntries: [ArraySlice<UInt8>] = []
+  var zeroedAppleVectorStart: Int?
+  while offset < bytes.count {
+    if bytes[offset] == 0 {
+      let start = offset
+      while offset < bytes.count, bytes[offset] == 0 {
+        offset += 1
+      }
+      if offset - start > 1 {
+        zeroedAppleVectorStart = zeroedAppleVectorStart ?? trailingEntries.count
+      }
+      continue
+    }
+    guard let entry = readString(in: bytes, offset: &offset) else {
+      throw RunTokenReadError.invalidBuffer
+    }
+    trailingEntries.append(entry)
+  }
+  // XNU appends its Apple vector after the environment. libc clears the
+  // initial `pfz=` record after startup, leaving a multi-NUL run in its place.
+  // A caller can also set `pfz`, so prefer the final intact sentinel when it
+  // remains available and otherwise stop at the cleared record.
+  let intactAppleVectorStart = trailingEntries.lastIndex(where: {
+    $0.starts(with: Array("pfz=".utf8))
+  })
+  let preferZeroedBoundary = zeroedAppleVectorStart.flatMap { zeroedStart in
+    intactAppleVectorStart.map { intactStart in intactStart < zeroedStart } ?? true
+  } ?? false
+  let appleVectorStart = preferZeroedBoundary
+    ? zeroedAppleVectorStart
+    : intactAppleVectorStart
+  guard let appleVectorStart else {
+    throw RunTokenReadError.appleVectorUnavailable
+  }
+  if trailingEntries[appleVectorStart...].contains(where: {
+    $0.starts(with: Array("REA_PROCESS_RUN_ID=".utf8))
+  }) {
+    throw RunTokenReadError.ambiguousEnvironmentBoundary
+  }
+  let environmentEntries = trailingEntries[..<appleVectorStart]
+  var found: String?
+  for entry in environmentEntries {
+    if entry.starts(with: Array("REA_PROCESS_RUN_ID=".utf8)) {
+      guard found == nil else { throw RunTokenReadError.duplicateToken }
+      let value = entry.dropFirst("REA_PROCESS_RUN_ID=".utf8.count)
+      guard let decoded = String(bytes: value, encoding: .utf8) else {
+        throw RunTokenReadError.invalidTokenEncoding
+      }
+      found = decoded
+    }
+  }
+  return found
+}
+
+private func readString(
+  in bytes: [UInt8],
+  offset: inout Int,
+  allowEmpty: Bool = false
+) -> ArraySlice<UInt8>? {
+  guard offset < bytes.count, let end = bytes[offset...].firstIndex(of: 0),
+        allowEmpty || end > offset else { return nil }
+  let string = bytes[offset..<end]
+  offset = end + 1
+  return string
+}
+
+private func unavailable(pid: Int32, reason: String) -> RunTokenObservation {
+  RunTokenObservation(pid: pid, state: "unavailable", run_id: nil, reason: reason)
+}

package/bridge/process/ProcessRunTokenReaderMain.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct RunTokenResponse: Encodable {
+  let results: [RunTokenObservation]
+}
+
+struct ProcessIdentityResponse: Encodable {
+  let results: [ProcessIdentityObservation]
+}
+
+@main
+struct ProcessRunTokenReaderMain {
+  static func main() {
+    let arguments = Array(CommandLine.arguments.dropFirst())
+    let identityMode = arguments.first == "--identities"
+    let pidArguments = identityMode ? Array(arguments.dropFirst()) : arguments
+    let pids = pidArguments.compactMap(Int32.init)
+    guard pids.count == pidArguments.count else {
+      fputs("invalid process ID input\n", stderr)
+      exit(64)
+    }
+    do {
+      let output: Data
+      if identityMode {
+        output = try JSONEncoder().encode(ProcessIdentityResponse(results: readProcessIdentities(pids: pids)))
+      } else {
+        output = try JSONEncoder().encode(RunTokenResponse(results: readRunTokens(pids: pids)))
+      }
+      FileHandle.standardOutput.write(output)
+    } catch {
+      fputs("could not encode process token observations\n", stderr)
+      exit(70)
+    }
+  }
+}

package/bridge/pwndbg/core_context.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+"""Fixed core-only GDB/pwndbg operation; no caller commands or historical PID lookup."""
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import resource
+import gdb
+
+OUTPUT_BYTES = 64 * 1024 * 1024
+
+
+class ContextFailure(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, reason, message):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.reason = reason
+
+
+def inspect(request):
+    if gdb.selected_inferior().connection is not None:
+        raise ContextFailure("decoder", "Owned GDB unexpectedly has an inferior connection before core loading.")
+    root = Path(os.environ["REA_CORE_CONTEXT_REQUEST"]).parent
+    empty = root / "no-libraries"
+    empty.mkdir(mode=0o700)
+    for command in ["set auto-load off", "set debuginfod enabled off", "set auto-solib-add off", "set history save off", "set pagination off",
+                    "set sysroot ./no-libraries", "set solib-search-path ./no-libraries"]:
+        gdb.execute(command, to_string=True)
+    entry = request["gdbinit"]
+    try:
+        exec(compile(Path(entry).read_bytes(), entry, "exec"), {"__name__": "__main__", "__file__": entry})
+        import pwndbg.aglib.vmmap
+        import pwndbg.lib.version
+    except (ImportError, OSError) as error:
+        raise ContextFailure("unavailable", "Selected pwndbg could not initialize: " + str(error)) from error
+    version = pwndbg.lib.version.__version__
+    if version != "2026.09.15" and not version.startswith("2026.09.15 build: "):
+        raise ContextFailure("unsupported", "Expected unchanged pwndbg2026.09.15; selected plugin reports " + version + ".")
+    gdb.execute('set context-sections ""', to_string=True)
+    # core-file takes a raw filename and retains quote characters. Use a fixed
+    # relative filename in the owned cwd so no selected path becomes GDB syntax.
+    if Path(request["snapshot_path"]) != root.parent / "object.snapshot":
+        raise ContextFailure("decoder", "Core context request did not select the shared owned snapshot.")
+    gdb.execute("core-file ../object.snapshot", to_string=True)
+    inferior = gdb.selected_inferior()
+    if inferior.connection is None or inferior.connection.type != "core" or gdb.current_progspace().filename is not None:
+        raise ContextFailure("decoder", "Requested core-only boundary was not established; no mapping query performed.")
+    maps = []
+    for page in pwndbg.aglib.vmmap.get():
+        flags = page.flags
+        maps.append({"start": hex(page.start), "end": hex(page.end), "offset": hex(page.offset), "reported_flags": flags,
+                     "permissions": {"read": bool(flags & 4), "write": bool(flags & 2), "execute": bool(flags & 1)} if 1 <= flags <= 7 else None,
+                     "pathname_display": page.objfile, "current_file_identity": "unknown"})
+    return {"status": "available", "gdb_version": gdb.VERSION, "pwndbg_version": version, "connection": "core", "executable": None,
+            "historical_pid": inferior.pid, "reported_limits": {"address_space_bytes": resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_AS)[0], "cpu_seconds": resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CPU)[0], "file_size_bytes": resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_FSIZE)[0]}, "maps": maps, "confidence": "derived", "completeness": "unknown",
+            "diagnostics": {"stdout": "", "stderr": "", "truncated": False}}
+
+
+def failure_exit(request_path, status, marker):
+    try:
+        descriptor = os.open(Path(request_path).parent / "resource.failure", os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0o600)
+        os.write(descriptor, marker)
+        os.close(descriptor)
+    except (OSError, MemoryError):
+        pass
+    os._exit(status)
+
+
+def main():
+    request_path = os.environ["REA_CORE_CONTEXT_REQUEST"]
+    request = json.loads(Path(request_path).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    reserve = bytearray(1024 * 1024)
+    try:
+        reply = {"ok": True, "value": inspect(request)}
+    except ContextFailure as error:
+        reply = {"ok": False, "reason": error.reason, "message": str(error)}
+    except MemoryError:
+        reserve = None
+        failure_exit(request_path, 75, b"M")
+    except Exception as error:
+        if isinstance(error, OSError) and error.errno == 12:
+            reserve = None
+            failure_exit(request_path, 75, b"M")
+        reply = {"ok": False, "reason": "decoder", "message": type(error).__name__ + ": " + str(error)}
+    try:
+        encoded = json.dumps(reply, ensure_ascii=True, allow_nan=False).encode("utf-8")
+        if len(encoded) > OUTPUT_BYTES:
+            encoded = json.dumps({"ok": False, "reason": "output-limit", "message": "Complete debugger context exceeds64 MiB reply budget."}).encode("utf-8")
+        descriptor = os.open(request["reply_path"], os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0o600)
+        with os.fdopen(descriptor, "wb") as handle:
+            handle.write(encoded)
+    except MemoryError:
+        reserve = None
+        failure_exit(request_path, 75, b"M")
+    except OSError as error:
+        if error.errno == 27:
+            failure_exit(request_path, 76, b"F")
+        if error.errno == 12:
+            reserve = None
+            failure_exit(request_path, 75, b"M")
+        raise
+
+
+main()

package/bridge/pwndbg/launch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Catch typed resource failures while loading or running the owned debugger launcher.
+
+Only this package's fixed sibling is executed; caller input stays in request.json.
+Interpreter startup failures before this boundary remain unclassified.
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def resource_exit(status, marker):
+    try:
+        if len(sys.argv) > 2:
+            descriptor = os.open(sys.argv[1], os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0o600)
+            os.write(descriptor, marker)
+            os.close(descriptor)
+    except (OSError, MemoryError):
+        # Without a complete marker the parent keeps this failure unclassified.
+        pass
+    os._exit(status)
+
+try:
+    implementation = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "launch_impl.py")
+    with open(implementation, "rb") as handle:
+        source = handle.read()
+    exec(compile(source, implementation, "exec"), {
+        "__file__": implementation,
+        "__name__": "__main__",
+    })
+except MemoryError:
+    # Reserved status: an observed allocation failure, including imports/compile.
+    resource_exit(75, b"M")
+except OSError as error:
+    # Linux ENOMEM is an observed allocation failure, independent of error text.
+    if error.errno == 12:
+        resource_exit(75, b"M")
+    # Linux EFBIG is observed directly, including a partial limits/reply write.
+    if error.errno == 27:
+        resource_exit(76, b"F")
+    raise

package/bridge/pwndbg/launch_impl.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""Lower inherited limits before replacing this owned process with GDB."""
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+runtime_path = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "pwntools" / "decoder_runtime.py"
+runtime = {"__file__": str(runtime_path), "__name__": "rea_decoder_runtime"}
+exec(compile(runtime_path.read_bytes(), str(runtime_path), "exec"), runtime)
+
+
+class LaunchFailure(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, reason, message):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.reason = reason
+
+
+def launch(snapshot, cache):
+    request_path = sys.argv[-1]
+    request = json.loads(Path(request_path).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    bridge = str(Path(__file__).with_name("core_context.py"))
+    environment = dict(os.environ, REA_CORE_CONTEXT_REQUEST=request_path)
+    # Only fixed package code appears in the GDB Python command. Selected paths stay JSON data.
+    command = "python exec(compile(open(" + repr(bridge) + ", 'rb').read(), " + repr(bridge) + ", 'exec'), {'__name__':'__main__','__file__':" + repr(bridge) + "})"
+    try:
+        os.execve(request["gdb"], [request["gdb"], "-nx", "-nh", "--batch", "--quiet",
+                                  "-iex", "set auto-load off", "-iex", "set debuginfod enabled off",
+                                  "-iex", "set auto-solib-add off", "-ex", command], environment)
+    except OSError as error:
+        raise LaunchFailure("unavailable", "Selected GDB could not start (" + str(error.errno) + "): " + request["gdb"] + "; " + str(error)) from error
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    runtime["main"](sys.argv[-1], launch, LaunchFailure, "pwndbg-core-launcher")

package/bridge/pwntools/decoder_runtime.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""Shared bounded reply/limit protocol, independent of the supplied artifact format."""
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import resource
+import sys
+
+OUTPUT_BYTES = 64 * 1024 * 1024
+
+def lower_resource_limits():
+    limits = {}
+    for name, kind, maximum in (
+        ("address_space_bytes", resource.RLIMIT_AS, 3 * 1024**3),
+        ("cpu_seconds", resource.RLIMIT_CPU, 30),
+        ("file_size_bytes", resource.RLIMIT_FSIZE, OUTPUT_BYTES),
+    ):
+        soft, hard = resource.getrlimit(kind)
+        finite = [maximum] + [value for value in (soft, hard) if value != resource.RLIM_INFINITY]
+        effective = min(finite)
+        # Preserve the inherited hard boundary and never raise a caller's soft limit.
+        resource.setrlimit(kind, (effective, hard))
+        limits[name] = effective
+    return limits
+
+
+def main(request_path, inspect, failure_type, profile):
+    request = json.loads(Path(request_path).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    os.environ["PWNLIB_NOTERM"] = "1"
+    os.environ["PWNLIB_CACHE_DIR"] = str(Path(request_path).parent / "cache")
+    limits = None
+    # Release bounded emergency headroom before constructing a MemoryError reply.
+    # The outer exit-status contract also covers allocation failure during serialization.
+    memory_reserve = bytearray(1024 * 1024)
+    try:
+        limits = lower_resource_limits()
+        descriptor = os.open(Path(request_path).parent / "limits.json", os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0o600)
+        with os.fdopen(descriptor, "w", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+            json.dump(limits, handle)
+        value = inspect(Path(request["snapshot_path"]), Path(request_path).parent / "cache")
+        value["limitations"].append("Effective owned Python resource soft limits: " + json.dumps(limits, sort_keys=True) + ". Inherited tighter limits are retained.")
+        reply = {"ok": True, "profile": profile, "value": value}
+    except failure_type as error:
+        reply = {"ok": False, "reason": error.reason, "message": str(error)}
+    except MemoryError:
+        memory_reserve = None
+        reply = {"ok": False, "reason": "resource-limit", "message": "pwntools memory allocation failed under the effective resource limits; the exact allocation cause is unknown.", "reported_limits": limits}
+    except Exception as error:
+        if isinstance(error, OSError) and error.errno == 12:
+            memory_reserve = None
+            reply = {"ok": False, "reason": "resource-limit", "message": "pwntools reported OSError(ENOMEM); the exact allocation cause is unknown.", "reported_limits": limits}
+        else:
+            reply = {"ok": False, "reason": "decoder", "message": type(error).__name__ + ": " + str(error)}
+    encoded = json.dumps(reply, ensure_ascii=True, allow_nan=False).encode("utf-8")
+    if len(encoded) > OUTPUT_BYTES:
+        encoded = json.dumps({"ok": False, "reason": "output-limit", "message": "Complete artifact result exceeds the 64 MiB reply budget."}).encode("utf-8")
+    descriptor = os.open(request["reply_path"], os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0o600)
+    with os.fdopen(descriptor, "wb") as handle:
+        handle.write(encoded)
+

package/bridge/pwntools/layout.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Catch typed resource failures while loading or running the owned ELF adapter.
+
+Only this package's fixed sibling is executed; caller input stays in request.json.
+Interpreter startup failures before this boundary remain unclassified.
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def resource_exit(status, marker):
+    try:
+        if len(sys.argv) > 2:
+            descriptor = os.open(sys.argv[1], os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0o600)
+            os.write(descriptor, marker)
+            os.close(descriptor)
+    except (OSError, MemoryError):
+        # Without a complete marker the parent keeps this failure unclassified.
+        pass
+    os._exit(status)
+
+try:
+    implementation = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "layout_impl.py")
+    with open(implementation, "rb") as handle:
+        source = handle.read()
+    exec(compile(source, implementation, "exec"), {
+        "__file__": implementation,
+        "__name__": "__main__",
+    })
+except MemoryError:
+    # Reserved status: an observed allocation failure, including imports/compile.
+    resource_exit(75, b"M")
+except OSError as error:
+    # Linux ENOMEM is an observed allocation failure, independent of error text.
+    if error.errno == 12:
+        resource_exit(75, b"M")
+    # Linux EFBIG is observed directly, including a partial limits/reply write.
+    if error.errno == 27:
+        resource_exit(76, b"F")
+    raise