re2 1.20.0 → 1.20.2

package/vendor/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/charconv.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,1422 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/strings/charconv.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include "absl/base/casts.h"
+#include "absl/numeric/bits.h"
+#include "absl/numeric/int128.h"
+#include "absl/strings/internal/charconv_bigint.h"
+#include "absl/strings/internal/charconv_parse.h"
+
+// The macro ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS is defined on x86-64, where IEEE floating
+// point numbers have the same endianness in memory as a bitfield struct
+// containing the corresponding parts.
+//
+// When set, we replace calls to ldexp() with manual bit packing, which is
+// faster and is unaffected by floating point environment.
+#ifdef ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS
+#error ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS cannot be directly set
+#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
+#define ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS 1
+#endif
+
+// A note about subnormals:
+//
+// The code below talks about "normals" and "subnormals".  A normal IEEE float
+// has a fixed-width mantissa and power of two exponent.  For example, a normal
+// `double` has a 53-bit mantissa.  Because the high bit is always 1, it is not
+// stored in the representation.  The implicit bit buys an extra bit of
+// resolution in the datatype.
+//
+// The downside of this scheme is that there is a large gap between DBL_MIN and
+// zero.  (Large, at least, relative to the different between DBL_MIN and the
+// next representable number).  This gap is softened by the "subnormal" numbers,
+// which have the same power-of-two exponent as DBL_MIN, but no implicit 53rd
+// bit.  An all-bits-zero exponent in the encoding represents subnormals.  (Zero
+// is represented as a subnormal with an all-bits-zero mantissa.)
+//
+// The code below, in calculations, represents the mantissa as a uint64_t.  The
+// end result normally has the 53rd bit set.  It represents subnormals by using
+// narrower mantissas.
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace {
+
+template <typename FloatType>
+struct FloatTraits;
+
+template <>
+struct FloatTraits<double> {
+  using mantissa_t = uint64_t;
+
+  // The number of bits in the given float type.
+  static constexpr int kTargetBits = 64;
+
+  // The number of exponent bits in the given float type.
+  static constexpr int kTargetExponentBits = 11;
+
+  // The number of mantissa bits in the given float type.  This includes the
+  // implied high bit.
+  static constexpr int kTargetMantissaBits = 53;
+
+  // The largest supported IEEE exponent, in our integral mantissa
+  // representation.
+  //
+  // If `m` is the largest possible int kTargetMantissaBits bits wide, then
+  // m * 2**kMaxExponent is exactly equal to DBL_MAX.
+  static constexpr int kMaxExponent = 971;
+
+  // The smallest supported IEEE normal exponent, in our integral mantissa
+  // representation.
+  //
+  // If `m` is the smallest possible int kTargetMantissaBits bits wide, then
+  // m * 2**kMinNormalExponent is exactly equal to DBL_MIN.
+  static constexpr int kMinNormalExponent = -1074;
+
+  // The IEEE exponent bias.  It equals ((1 << (kTargetExponentBits - 1)) - 1).
+  static constexpr int kExponentBias = 1023;
+
+  // The Eisel-Lemire "Shifting to 54/25 Bits" adjustment.  It equals (63 - 1 -
+  // kTargetMantissaBits).
+  static constexpr int kEiselLemireShift = 9;
+
+  // The Eisel-Lemire high64_mask.  It equals ((1 << kEiselLemireShift) - 1).
+  static constexpr uint64_t kEiselLemireMask = uint64_t{0x1FF};
+
+  // The smallest negative integer N (smallest negative means furthest from
+  // zero) such that parsing 9999999999999999999eN, with 19 nines, is still
+  // positive. Parsing a smaller (more negative) N will produce zero.
+  //
+  // Adjusting the decimal point and exponent, without adjusting the value,
+  // 9999999999999999999eN equals 9.999999999999999999eM where M = N + 18.
+  //
+  // 9999999999999999999, with 19 nines but no decimal point, is the largest
+  // "repeated nines" integer that fits in a uint64_t.
+  static constexpr int kEiselLemireMinInclusiveExp10 = -324 - 18;
+
+  // The smallest positive integer N such that parsing 1eN produces infinity.
+  // Parsing a smaller N will produce something finite.
+  static constexpr int kEiselLemireMaxExclusiveExp10 = 309;
+
+  static double MakeNan(const char* tagp) {
+    // Support nan no matter which namespace it's in.  Some platforms
+    // incorrectly don't put it in namespace std.
+    using namespace std;  // NOLINT
+    return nan(tagp);
+  }
+
+  // Builds a nonzero floating point number out of the provided parts.
+  //
+  // This is intended to do the same operation as ldexp(mantissa, exponent),
+  // but using purely integer math, to avoid -ffastmath and floating
+  // point environment issues.  Using type punning is also faster. We fall back
+  // to ldexp on a per-platform basis for portability.
+  //
+  // `exponent` must be between kMinNormalExponent and kMaxExponent.
+  //
+  // `mantissa` must either be exactly kTargetMantissaBits wide, in which case
+  // a normal value is made, or it must be less narrow than that, in which case
+  // `exponent` must be exactly kMinNormalExponent, and a subnormal value is
+  // made.
+  static double Make(mantissa_t mantissa, int exponent, bool sign) {
+#ifndef ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS
+    // Support ldexp no matter which namespace it's in.  Some platforms
+    // incorrectly don't put it in namespace std.
+    using namespace std;  // NOLINT
+    return sign ? -ldexp(mantissa, exponent) : ldexp(mantissa, exponent);
+#else
+    constexpr uint64_t kMantissaMask =
+        (uint64_t{1} << (kTargetMantissaBits - 1)) - 1;
+    uint64_t dbl = static_cast<uint64_t>(sign) << 63;
+    if (mantissa > kMantissaMask) {
+      // Normal value.
+      // Adjust by 1023 for the exponent representation bias, and an additional
+      // 52 due to the implied decimal point in the IEEE mantissa
+      // representation.
+      dbl += static_cast<uint64_t>(exponent + 1023 + kTargetMantissaBits - 1)
+             << 52;
+      mantissa &= kMantissaMask;
+    } else {
+      // subnormal value
+      assert(exponent == kMinNormalExponent);
+    }
+    dbl += mantissa;
+    return absl::bit_cast<double>(dbl);
+#endif  // ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS
+  }
+};
+
+// Specialization of floating point traits for the `float` type.  See the
+// FloatTraits<double> specialization above for meaning of each of the following
+// members and methods.
+template <>
+struct FloatTraits<float> {
+  using mantissa_t = uint32_t;
+
+  static constexpr int kTargetBits = 32;
+  static constexpr int kTargetExponentBits = 8;
+  static constexpr int kTargetMantissaBits = 24;
+  static constexpr int kMaxExponent = 104;
+  static constexpr int kMinNormalExponent = -149;
+  static constexpr int kExponentBias = 127;
+  static constexpr int kEiselLemireShift = 38;
+  static constexpr uint64_t kEiselLemireMask = uint64_t{0x3FFFFFFFFF};
+  static constexpr int kEiselLemireMinInclusiveExp10 = -46 - 18;
+  static constexpr int kEiselLemireMaxExclusiveExp10 = 39;
+
+  static float MakeNan(const char* tagp) {
+    // Support nanf no matter which namespace it's in.  Some platforms
+    // incorrectly don't put it in namespace std.
+    using namespace std;  // NOLINT
+    return nanf(tagp);
+  }
+
+  static float Make(mantissa_t mantissa, int exponent, bool sign) {
+#ifndef ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS
+    // Support ldexpf no matter which namespace it's in.  Some platforms
+    // incorrectly don't put it in namespace std.
+    using namespace std;  // NOLINT
+    return sign ? -ldexpf(mantissa, exponent) : ldexpf(mantissa, exponent);
+#else
+    constexpr uint32_t kMantissaMask =
+        (uint32_t{1} << (kTargetMantissaBits - 1)) - 1;
+    uint32_t flt = static_cast<uint32_t>(sign) << 31;
+    if (mantissa > kMantissaMask) {
+      // Normal value.
+      // Adjust by 127 for the exponent representation bias, and an additional
+      // 23 due to the implied decimal point in the IEEE mantissa represenation.
+      flt += static_cast<uint32_t>(exponent + 127 + kTargetMantissaBits - 1)
+             << 23;
+      mantissa &= kMantissaMask;
+    } else {
+      // subnormal value
+      assert(exponent == kMinNormalExponent);
+    }
+    flt += mantissa;
+    return absl::bit_cast<float>(flt);
+#endif  // ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS
+  }
+};
+
+// Decimal-to-binary conversions require coercing powers of 10 into a mantissa
+// and a power of 2.  The two helper functions Power10Mantissa(n) and
+// Power10Exponent(n) perform this task.  Together, these represent a hand-
+// rolled floating point value which is equal to or just less than 10**n.
+//
+// The return values satisfy two range guarantees:
+//
+//   Power10Mantissa(n) * 2**Power10Exponent(n) <= 10**n
+//     < (Power10Mantissa(n) + 1) * 2**Power10Exponent(n)
+//
+//   2**63 <= Power10Mantissa(n) < 2**64.
+//
+// See the "Table of powers of 10" comment below for a "1e60" example.
+//
+// Lookups into the power-of-10 table must first check the Power10Overflow() and
+// Power10Underflow() functions, to avoid out-of-bounds table access.
+//
+// Indexes into these tables are biased by -kPower10TableMinInclusive. Valid
+// indexes range from kPower10TableMinInclusive to kPower10TableMaxExclusive.
+extern const uint64_t kPower10MantissaHighTable[];  // High 64 of 128 bits.
+extern const uint64_t kPower10MantissaLowTable[];   // Low  64 of 128 bits.
+
+// The smallest (inclusive) allowed value for use with the Power10Mantissa()
+// and Power10Exponent() functions below.  (If a smaller exponent is needed in
+// calculations, the end result is guaranteed to underflow.)
+constexpr int kPower10TableMinInclusive = -342;
+
+// The largest (exclusive) allowed value for use with the Power10Mantissa() and
+// Power10Exponent() functions below.  (If a larger-or-equal exponent is needed
+// in calculations, the end result is guaranteed to overflow.)
+constexpr int kPower10TableMaxExclusive = 309;
+
+uint64_t Power10Mantissa(int n) {
+  return kPower10MantissaHighTable[n - kPower10TableMinInclusive];
+}
+
+int Power10Exponent(int n) {
+  // The 217706 etc magic numbers encode the results as a formula instead of a
+  // table. Their equivalence (over the kPower10TableMinInclusive ..
+  // kPower10TableMaxExclusive range) is confirmed by
+  // https://github.com/google/wuffs/blob/315b2e52625ebd7b02d8fac13e3cd85ea374fb80/script/print-mpb-powers-of-10.go
+  return (217706 * n >> 16) - 63;
+}
+
+// Returns true if n is large enough that 10**n always results in an IEEE
+// overflow.
+bool Power10Overflow(int n) { return n >= kPower10TableMaxExclusive; }
+
+// Returns true if n is small enough that 10**n times a ParsedFloat mantissa
+// always results in an IEEE underflow.
+bool Power10Underflow(int n) { return n < kPower10TableMinInclusive; }
+
+// Returns true if Power10Mantissa(n) * 2**Power10Exponent(n) is exactly equal
+// to 10**n numerically.  Put another way, this returns true if there is no
+// truncation error in Power10Mantissa(n).
+bool Power10Exact(int n) { return n >= 0 && n <= 27; }
+
+// Sentinel exponent values for representing numbers too large or too close to
+// zero to represent in a double.
+constexpr int kOverflow = 99999;
+constexpr int kUnderflow = -99999;
+
+// Struct representing the calculated conversion result of a positive (nonzero)
+// floating point number.
+//
+// The calculated number is mantissa * 2**exponent (mantissa is treated as an
+// integer.)  `mantissa` is chosen to be the correct width for the IEEE float
+// representation being calculated.  (`mantissa` will always have the same bit
+// width for normal values, and narrower bit widths for subnormals.)
+//
+// If the result of conversion was an underflow or overflow, exponent is set
+// to kUnderflow or kOverflow.
+struct CalculatedFloat {
+  uint64_t mantissa = 0;
+  int exponent = 0;
+};
+
+// Returns the bit width of the given uint128.  (Equivalently, returns 128
+// minus the number of leading zero bits.)
+int BitWidth(uint128 value) {
+  if (Uint128High64(value) == 0) {
+    // This static_cast is only needed when using a std::bit_width()
+    // implementation that does not have the fix for LWG 3656 applied.
+    return static_cast<int>(bit_width(Uint128Low64(value)));
+  }
+  return 128 - countl_zero(Uint128High64(value));
+}
+
+// Calculates how far to the right a mantissa needs to be shifted to create a
+// properly adjusted mantissa for an IEEE floating point number.
+//
+// `mantissa_width` is the bit width of the mantissa to be shifted, and
+// `binary_exponent` is the exponent of the number before the shift.
+//
+// This accounts for subnormal values, and will return a larger-than-normal
+// shift if binary_exponent would otherwise be too low.
+template <typename FloatType>
+int NormalizedShiftSize(int mantissa_width, int binary_exponent) {
+  const int normal_shift =
+      mantissa_width - FloatTraits<FloatType>::kTargetMantissaBits;
+  const int minimum_shift =
+      FloatTraits<FloatType>::kMinNormalExponent - binary_exponent;
+  return std::max(normal_shift, minimum_shift);
+}
+
+// Right shifts a uint128 so that it has the requested bit width.  (The
+// resulting value will have 128 - bit_width leading zeroes.)  The initial
+// `value` must be wider than the requested bit width.
+//
+// Returns the number of bits shifted.
+int TruncateToBitWidth(int bit_width, uint128* value) {
+  const int current_bit_width = BitWidth(*value);
+  const int shift = current_bit_width - bit_width;
+  *value >>= shift;
+  return shift;
+}
+
+// Checks if the given ParsedFloat represents one of the edge cases that are
+// not dependent on number base: zero, infinity, or NaN.  If so, sets *value
+// the appropriate double, and returns true.
+template <typename FloatType>
+bool HandleEdgeCase(const strings_internal::ParsedFloat& input, bool negative,
+                    FloatType* value) {
+  if (input.type == strings_internal::FloatType::kNan) {
+    // A bug in both clang < 7 and gcc would cause the compiler to optimize
+    // away the buffer we are building below.  Declaring the buffer volatile
+    // avoids the issue, and has no measurable performance impact in
+    // microbenchmarks.
+    //
+    // https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=37778
+    // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=86113
+    constexpr ptrdiff_t kNanBufferSize = 128;
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || (defined(__clang__) && __clang_major__ < 7)
+    volatile char n_char_sequence[kNanBufferSize];
+#else
+    char n_char_sequence[kNanBufferSize];
+#endif
+    if (input.subrange_begin == nullptr) {
+      n_char_sequence[0] = '\0';
+    } else {
+      ptrdiff_t nan_size = input.subrange_end - input.subrange_begin;
+      nan_size = std::min(nan_size, kNanBufferSize - 1);
+      std::copy_n(input.subrange_begin, nan_size, n_char_sequence);
+      n_char_sequence[nan_size] = '\0';
+    }
+    char* nan_argument = const_cast<char*>(n_char_sequence);
+    *value = negative ? -FloatTraits<FloatType>::MakeNan(nan_argument)
+                      : FloatTraits<FloatType>::MakeNan(nan_argument);
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (input.type == strings_internal::FloatType::kInfinity) {
+    *value = negative ? -std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::infinity()
+                      : std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::infinity();
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (input.mantissa == 0) {
+    *value = negative ? -0.0 : 0.0;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Given a CalculatedFloat result of a from_chars conversion, generate the
+// correct output values.
+//
+// CalculatedFloat can represent an underflow or overflow, in which case the
+// error code in *result is set.  Otherwise, the calculated floating point
+// number is stored in *value.
+template <typename FloatType>
+void EncodeResult(const CalculatedFloat& calculated, bool negative,
+                  absl::from_chars_result* result, FloatType* value) {
+  if (calculated.exponent == kOverflow) {
+    result->ec = std::errc::result_out_of_range;
+    *value = negative ? -std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max()
+                      : std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max();
+    return;
+  } else if (calculated.mantissa == 0 || calculated.exponent == kUnderflow) {
+    result->ec = std::errc::result_out_of_range;
+    *value = negative ? -0.0 : 0.0;
+    return;
+  }
+  *value = FloatTraits<FloatType>::Make(
+      static_cast<typename FloatTraits<FloatType>::mantissa_t>(
+          calculated.mantissa),
+      calculated.exponent, negative);
+}
+
+// Returns the given uint128 shifted to the right by `shift` bits, and rounds
+// the remaining bits using round_to_nearest logic.  The value is returned as a
+// uint64_t, since this is the type used by this library for storing calculated
+// floating point mantissas.
+//
+// It is expected that the width of the input value shifted by `shift` will
+// be the correct bit-width for the target mantissa, which is strictly narrower
+// than a uint64_t.
+//
+// If `input_exact` is false, then a nonzero error epsilon is assumed.  For
+// rounding purposes, the true value being rounded is strictly greater than the
+// input value.  The error may represent a single lost carry bit.
+//
+// When input_exact, shifted bits of the form 1000000... represent a tie, which
+// is broken by rounding to even -- the rounding direction is chosen so the low
+// bit of the returned value is 0.
+//
+// When !input_exact, shifted bits of the form 10000000... represent a value
+// strictly greater than one half (due to the error epsilon), and so ties are
+// always broken by rounding up.
+//
+// When !input_exact, shifted bits of the form 01111111... are uncertain;
+// the true value may or may not be greater than 10000000..., due to the
+// possible lost carry bit.  The correct rounding direction is unknown.  In this
+// case, the result is rounded down, and `output_exact` is set to false.
+//
+// Zero and negative values of `shift` are accepted, in which case the word is
+// shifted left, as necessary.
+uint64_t ShiftRightAndRound(uint128 value, int shift, bool input_exact,
+                            bool* output_exact) {
+  if (shift <= 0) {
+    *output_exact = input_exact;
+    return static_cast<uint64_t>(value << -shift);
+  }
+  if (shift >= 128) {
+    // Exponent is so small that we are shifting away all significant bits.
+    // Answer will not be representable, even as a subnormal, so return a zero
+    // mantissa (which represents underflow).
+    *output_exact = true;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  *output_exact = true;
+  const uint128 shift_mask = (uint128(1) << shift) - 1;
+  const uint128 halfway_point = uint128(1) << (shift - 1);
+
+  const uint128 shifted_bits = value & shift_mask;
+  value >>= shift;
+  if (shifted_bits > halfway_point) {
+    // Shifted bits greater than 10000... require rounding up.
+    return static_cast<uint64_t>(value + 1);
+  }
+  if (shifted_bits == halfway_point) {
+    // In exact mode, shifted bits of 10000... mean we're exactly halfway
+    // between two numbers, and we must round to even.  So only round up if
+    // the low bit of `value` is set.
+    //
+    // In inexact mode, the nonzero error means the actual value is greater
+    // than the halfway point and we must alway round up.
+    if ((value & 1) == 1 || !input_exact) {
+      ++value;
+    }
+    return static_cast<uint64_t>(value);
+  }
+  if (!input_exact && shifted_bits == halfway_point - 1) {
+    // Rounding direction is unclear, due to error.
+    *output_exact = false;
+  }
+  // Otherwise, round down.
+  return static_cast<uint64_t>(value);
+}
+
+// Checks if a floating point guess needs to be rounded up, using high precision
+// math.
+//
+// `guess_mantissa` and `guess_exponent` represent a candidate guess for the
+// number represented by `parsed_decimal`.
+//
+// The exact number represented by `parsed_decimal` must lie between the two
+// numbers:
+//   A = `guess_mantissa * 2**guess_exponent`
+//   B = `(guess_mantissa + 1) * 2**guess_exponent`
+//
+// This function returns false if `A` is the better guess, and true if `B` is
+// the better guess, with rounding ties broken by rounding to even.
+bool MustRoundUp(uint64_t guess_mantissa, int guess_exponent,
+                 const strings_internal::ParsedFloat& parsed_decimal) {
+  // 768 is the number of digits needed in the worst case.  We could determine a
+  // better limit dynamically based on the value of parsed_decimal.exponent.
+  // This would optimize pathological input cases only.  (Sane inputs won't have
+  // hundreds of digits of mantissa.)
+  absl::strings_internal::BigUnsigned<84> exact_mantissa;
+  int exact_exponent = exact_mantissa.ReadFloatMantissa(parsed_decimal, 768);
+
+  // Adjust the `guess` arguments to be halfway between A and B.
+  guess_mantissa = guess_mantissa * 2 + 1;
+  guess_exponent -= 1;
+
+  // In our comparison:
+  // lhs = exact = exact_mantissa * 10**exact_exponent
+  //             = exact_mantissa * 5**exact_exponent * 2**exact_exponent
+  // rhs = guess = guess_mantissa * 2**guess_exponent
+  //
+  // Because we are doing integer math, we can't directly deal with negative
+  // exponents.  We instead move these to the other side of the inequality.
+  absl::strings_internal::BigUnsigned<84>& lhs = exact_mantissa;
+  int comparison;
+  if (exact_exponent >= 0) {
+    lhs.MultiplyByFiveToTheNth(exact_exponent);
+    absl::strings_internal::BigUnsigned<84> rhs(guess_mantissa);
+    // There are powers of 2 on both sides of the inequality; reduce this to
+    // a single bit-shift.
+    if (exact_exponent > guess_exponent) {
+      lhs.ShiftLeft(exact_exponent - guess_exponent);
+    } else {
+      rhs.ShiftLeft(guess_exponent - exact_exponent);
+    }
+    comparison = Compare(lhs, rhs);
+  } else {
+    // Move the power of 5 to the other side of the equation, giving us:
+    // lhs = exact_mantissa * 2**exact_exponent
+    // rhs = guess_mantissa * 5**(-exact_exponent) * 2**guess_exponent
+    absl::strings_internal::BigUnsigned<84> rhs =
+        absl::strings_internal::BigUnsigned<84>::FiveToTheNth(-exact_exponent);
+    rhs.MultiplyBy(guess_mantissa);
+    if (exact_exponent > guess_exponent) {
+      lhs.ShiftLeft(exact_exponent - guess_exponent);
+    } else {
+      rhs.ShiftLeft(guess_exponent - exact_exponent);
+    }
+    comparison = Compare(lhs, rhs);
+  }
+  if (comparison < 0) {
+    return false;
+  } else if (comparison > 0) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    // When lhs == rhs, the decimal input is exactly between A and B.
+    // Round towards even -- round up only if the low bit of the initial
+    // `guess_mantissa` was a 1.  We shifted guess_mantissa left 1 bit at
+    // the beginning of this function, so test the 2nd bit here.
+    return (guess_mantissa & 2) == 2;
+  }
+}
+
+// Constructs a CalculatedFloat from a given mantissa and exponent, but
+// with the following normalizations applied:
+//
+// If rounding has caused mantissa to increase just past the allowed bit
+// width, shift and adjust exponent.
+//
+// If exponent is too high, sets kOverflow.
+//
+// If mantissa is zero (representing a non-zero value not representable, even
+// as a subnormal), sets kUnderflow.
+template <typename FloatType>
+CalculatedFloat CalculatedFloatFromRawValues(uint64_t mantissa, int exponent) {
+  CalculatedFloat result;
+  if (mantissa == uint64_t{1} << FloatTraits<FloatType>::kTargetMantissaBits) {
+    mantissa >>= 1;
+    exponent += 1;
+  }
+  if (exponent > FloatTraits<FloatType>::kMaxExponent) {
+    result.exponent = kOverflow;
+  } else if (mantissa == 0) {
+    result.exponent = kUnderflow;
+  } else {
+    result.exponent = exponent;
+    result.mantissa = mantissa;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename FloatType>
+CalculatedFloat CalculateFromParsedHexadecimal(
+    const strings_internal::ParsedFloat& parsed_hex) {
+  uint64_t mantissa = parsed_hex.mantissa;
+  int exponent = parsed_hex.exponent;
+  // This static_cast is only needed when using a std::bit_width()
+  // implementation that does not have the fix for LWG 3656 applied.
+  int mantissa_width = static_cast<int>(bit_width(mantissa));
+  const int shift = NormalizedShiftSize<FloatType>(mantissa_width, exponent);
+  bool result_exact;
+  exponent += shift;
+  mantissa = ShiftRightAndRound(mantissa, shift,
+                                /* input exact= */ true, &result_exact);
+  // ParseFloat handles rounding in the hexadecimal case, so we don't have to
+  // check `result_exact` here.
+  return CalculatedFloatFromRawValues<FloatType>(mantissa, exponent);
+}
+
+template <typename FloatType>
+CalculatedFloat CalculateFromParsedDecimal(
+    const strings_internal::ParsedFloat& parsed_decimal) {
+  CalculatedFloat result;
+
+  // Large or small enough decimal exponents will always result in overflow
+  // or underflow.
+  if (Power10Underflow(parsed_decimal.exponent)) {
+    result.exponent = kUnderflow;
+    return result;
+  } else if (Power10Overflow(parsed_decimal.exponent)) {
+    result.exponent = kOverflow;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise convert our power of 10 into a power of 2 times an integer
+  // mantissa, and multiply this by our parsed decimal mantissa.
+  uint128 wide_binary_mantissa = parsed_decimal.mantissa;
+  wide_binary_mantissa *= Power10Mantissa(parsed_decimal.exponent);
+  int binary_exponent = Power10Exponent(parsed_decimal.exponent);
+
+  // Discard bits that are inaccurate due to truncation error.  The magic
+  // `mantissa_width` constants below are justified in
+  // https://abseil.io/about/design/charconv. They represent the number of bits
+  // in `wide_binary_mantissa` that are guaranteed to be unaffected by error
+  // propagation.
+  bool mantissa_exact;
+  int mantissa_width;
+  if (parsed_decimal.subrange_begin) {
+    // Truncated mantissa
+    mantissa_width = 58;
+    mantissa_exact = false;
+    binary_exponent +=
+        TruncateToBitWidth(mantissa_width, &wide_binary_mantissa);
+  } else if (!Power10Exact(parsed_decimal.exponent)) {
+    // Exact mantissa, truncated power of ten
+    mantissa_width = 63;
+    mantissa_exact = false;
+    binary_exponent +=
+        TruncateToBitWidth(mantissa_width, &wide_binary_mantissa);
+  } else {
+    // Product is exact
+    mantissa_width = BitWidth(wide_binary_mantissa);
+    mantissa_exact = true;
+  }
+
+  // Shift into an FloatType-sized mantissa, and round to nearest.
+  const int shift =
+      NormalizedShiftSize<FloatType>(mantissa_width, binary_exponent);
+  bool result_exact;
+  binary_exponent += shift;
+  uint64_t binary_mantissa = ShiftRightAndRound(wide_binary_mantissa, shift,
+                                                mantissa_exact, &result_exact);
+  if (!result_exact) {
+    // We could not determine the rounding direction using int128 math.  Use
+    // full resolution math instead.
+    if (MustRoundUp(binary_mantissa, binary_exponent, parsed_decimal)) {
+      binary_mantissa += 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return CalculatedFloatFromRawValues<FloatType>(binary_mantissa,
+                                                 binary_exponent);
+}
+
+// As discussed in https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2020/eisel-lemire.html the
+// primary goal of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm is speed, for 99+% of the cases,
+// not 100% coverage. As long as Eisel-Lemire doesn’t claim false positives,
+// the combined approach (falling back to an alternative implementation when
+// this function returns false) is both fast and correct.
+template <typename FloatType>
+bool EiselLemire(const strings_internal::ParsedFloat& input, bool negative,
+                 FloatType* value, std::errc* ec) {
+  uint64_t man = input.mantissa;
+  int exp10 = input.exponent;
+  if (exp10 < FloatTraits<FloatType>::kEiselLemireMinInclusiveExp10) {
+    *value = negative ? -0.0 : 0.0;
+    *ec = std::errc::result_out_of_range;
+    return true;
+  } else if (exp10 >= FloatTraits<FloatType>::kEiselLemireMaxExclusiveExp10) {
+    // Return max (a finite value) consistent with from_chars and DR 3081. For
+    // SimpleAtod and SimpleAtof, post-processing will return infinity.
+    *value = negative ? -std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max()
+                      : std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max();
+    *ec = std::errc::result_out_of_range;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Assert kPower10TableMinInclusive <= exp10 < kPower10TableMaxExclusive.
+  // Equivalently, !Power10Underflow(exp10) and !Power10Overflow(exp10).
+  static_assert(
+      FloatTraits<FloatType>::kEiselLemireMinInclusiveExp10 >=
+          kPower10TableMinInclusive,
+      "(exp10-kPower10TableMinInclusive) in kPower10MantissaHighTable bounds");
+  static_assert(
+      FloatTraits<FloatType>::kEiselLemireMaxExclusiveExp10 <=
+          kPower10TableMaxExclusive,
+      "(exp10-kPower10TableMinInclusive) in kPower10MantissaHighTable bounds");
+
+  // The terse (+) comments in this function body refer to sections of the
+  // https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2020/eisel-lemire.html blog post.
+  //
+  // That blog post discusses double precision (11 exponent bits with a -1023
+  // bias, 52 mantissa bits), but the same approach applies to single precision
+  // (8 exponent bits with a -127 bias, 23 mantissa bits). Either way, the
+  // computation here happens with 64-bit values (e.g. man) or 128-bit values
+  // (e.g. x) before finally converting to 64- or 32-bit floating point.
+  //
+  // See also "Number Parsing at a Gigabyte per Second, Software: Practice and
+  // Experience 51 (8), 2021" (https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11408) for detail.
+
+  // (+) Normalization.
+  int clz = countl_zero(man);
+  man <<= static_cast<unsigned int>(clz);
+  // The 217706 etc magic numbers are from the Power10Exponent function.
+  uint64_t ret_exp2 =
+      static_cast<uint64_t>((217706 * exp10 >> 16) + 64 +
+                            FloatTraits<FloatType>::kExponentBias - clz);
+
+  // (+) Multiplication.
+  uint128 x = static_cast<uint128>(man) *
+              static_cast<uint128>(
+                  kPower10MantissaHighTable[exp10 - kPower10TableMinInclusive]);
+
+  // (+) Wider Approximation.
+  static constexpr uint64_t high64_mask =
+      FloatTraits<FloatType>::kEiselLemireMask;
+  if (((Uint128High64(x) & high64_mask) == high64_mask) &&
+      (man > (std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() - Uint128Low64(x)))) {
+    uint128 y =
+        static_cast<uint128>(man) *
+        static_cast<uint128>(
+            kPower10MantissaLowTable[exp10 - kPower10TableMinInclusive]);
+    x += Uint128High64(y);
+    // For example, parsing "4503599627370497.5" will take the if-true
+    // branch here (for double precision), since:
+    //  - x   = 0x8000000000000BFF_FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+    //  - y   = 0x8000000000000BFF_7FFFFFFFFFFFF400
+    //  - man = 0xA000000000000F00
+    // Likewise, when parsing "0.0625" for single precision:
+    //  - x   = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF_FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+    //  - y   = 0x813FFFFFFFFFFFFF_8A00000000000000
+    //  - man = 0x9C40000000000000
+    if (((Uint128High64(x) & high64_mask) == high64_mask) &&
+        ((Uint128Low64(x) + 1) == 0) &&
+        (man > (std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() - Uint128Low64(y)))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // (+) Shifting to 54 Bits (or for single precision, to 25 bits).
+  uint64_t msb = Uint128High64(x) >> 63;
+  uint64_t ret_man =
+      Uint128High64(x) >> (msb + FloatTraits<FloatType>::kEiselLemireShift);
+  ret_exp2 -= 1 ^ msb;
+
+  // (+) Half-way Ambiguity.
+  //
+  // For example, parsing "1e+23" will take the if-true branch here (for double
+  // precision), since:
+  //  - x       = 0x54B40B1F852BDA00_0000000000000000
+  //  - ret_man = 0x002A5A058FC295ED
+  // Likewise, when parsing "20040229.0" for single precision:
+  //  - x       = 0x4C72894000000000_0000000000000000
+  //  - ret_man = 0x000000000131CA25
+  if ((Uint128Low64(x) == 0) && ((Uint128High64(x) & high64_mask) == 0) &&
+      ((ret_man & 3) == 1)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // (+) From 54 to 53 Bits (or for single precision, from 25 to 24 bits).
+  ret_man += ret_man & 1;  // Line From54a.
+  ret_man >>= 1;           // Line From54b.
+  // Incrementing ret_man (at line From54a) may have overflowed 54 bits (53
+  // bits after the right shift by 1 at line From54b), so adjust for that.
+  //
+  // For example, parsing "9223372036854775807" will take the if-true branch
+  // here (for double precision), since:
+  //  - ret_man = 0x0020000000000000 = (1 << 53)
+  // Likewise, when parsing "2147483647.0" for single precision:
+  //  - ret_man = 0x0000000001000000 = (1 << 24)
+  if ((ret_man >> FloatTraits<FloatType>::kTargetMantissaBits) > 0) {
+    ret_exp2 += 1;
+    // Conceptually, we need a "ret_man >>= 1" in this if-block to balance
+    // incrementing ret_exp2 in the line immediately above. However, we only
+    // get here when line From54a overflowed (after adding a 1), so ret_man
+    // here is (1 << 53). Its low 53 bits are therefore all zeroes. The only
+    // remaining use of ret_man is to mask it with ((1 << 52) - 1), so only its
+    // low 52 bits matter. A "ret_man >>= 1" would have no effect in practice.
+    //
+    // We omit the "ret_man >>= 1", even if it is cheap (and this if-branch is
+    // rarely taken) and technically 'more correct', so that mutation tests
+    // that would otherwise modify or omit that "ret_man >>= 1" don't complain
+    // that such code mutations have no observable effect.
+  }
+
+  // ret_exp2 is a uint64_t. Zero or underflow means that we're in subnormal
+  // space. max_exp2 (0x7FF for double precision, 0xFF for single precision) or
+  // above means that we're in Inf/NaN space.
+  //
+  // The if block is equivalent to (but has fewer branches than):
+  //   if ((ret_exp2 <= 0) || (ret_exp2 >= max_exp2)) { etc }
+  //
+  // For example, parsing "4.9406564584124654e-324" will take the if-true
+  // branch here, since ret_exp2 = -51.
+  static constexpr uint64_t max_exp2 =
+      (1 << FloatTraits<FloatType>::kTargetExponentBits) - 1;
+  if ((ret_exp2 - 1) >= (max_exp2 - 1)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+#ifndef ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS
+  if (FloatTraits<FloatType>::kTargetBits == 64) {
+    *value = FloatTraits<FloatType>::Make(
+        (ret_man & 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu) | 0x0010000000000000u,
+        static_cast<int>(ret_exp2) - 1023 - 52, negative);
+    return true;
+  } else if (FloatTraits<FloatType>::kTargetBits == 32) {
+    *value = FloatTraits<FloatType>::Make(
+        (static_cast<uint32_t>(ret_man) & 0x007FFFFFu) | 0x00800000u,
+        static_cast<int>(ret_exp2) - 127 - 23, negative);
+    return true;
+  }
+#else
+  if (FloatTraits<FloatType>::kTargetBits == 64) {
+    uint64_t ret_bits = (ret_exp2 << 52) | (ret_man & 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu);
+    if (negative) {
+      ret_bits |= 0x8000000000000000u;
+    }
+    *value = absl::bit_cast<double>(ret_bits);
+    return true;
+  } else if (FloatTraits<FloatType>::kTargetBits == 32) {
+    uint32_t ret_bits = (static_cast<uint32_t>(ret_exp2) << 23) |
+                        (static_cast<uint32_t>(ret_man) & 0x007FFFFFu);
+    if (negative) {
+      ret_bits |= 0x80000000u;
+    }
+    *value = absl::bit_cast<float>(ret_bits);
+    return true;
+  }
+#endif  // ABSL_BIT_PACK_FLOATS
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <typename FloatType>
+from_chars_result FromCharsImpl(const char* first, const char* last,
+                                FloatType& value, chars_format fmt_flags) {
+  from_chars_result result;
+  result.ptr = first;  // overwritten on successful parse
+  result.ec = std::errc();
+
+  bool negative = false;
+  if (first != last && *first == '-') {
+    ++first;
+    negative = true;
+  }
+  // If the `hex` flag is *not* set, then we will accept a 0x prefix and try
+  // to parse a hexadecimal float.
+  if ((fmt_flags & chars_format::hex) == chars_format{} && last - first >= 2 &&
+      *first == '0' && (first[1] == 'x' || first[1] == 'X')) {
+    const char* hex_first = first + 2;
+    strings_internal::ParsedFloat hex_parse =
+        strings_internal::ParseFloat<16>(hex_first, last, fmt_flags);
+    if (hex_parse.end == nullptr ||
+        hex_parse.type != strings_internal::FloatType::kNumber) {
+      // Either we failed to parse a hex float after the "0x", or we read
+      // "0xinf" or "0xnan" which we don't want to match.
+      //
+      // However, a string that begins with "0x" also begins with "0", which
+      // is normally a valid match for the number zero.  So we want these
+      // strings to match zero unless fmt_flags is `scientific`.  (This flag
+      // means an exponent is required, which the string "0" does not have.)
+      if (fmt_flags == chars_format::scientific) {
+        result.ec = std::errc::invalid_argument;
+      } else {
+        result.ptr = first + 1;
+        value = negative ? -0.0 : 0.0;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    // We matched a value.
+    result.ptr = hex_parse.end;
+    if (HandleEdgeCase(hex_parse, negative, &value)) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    CalculatedFloat calculated =
+        CalculateFromParsedHexadecimal<FloatType>(hex_parse);
+    EncodeResult(calculated, negative, &result, &value);
+    return result;
+  }
+  // Otherwise, we choose the number base based on the flags.
+  if ((fmt_flags & chars_format::hex) == chars_format::hex) {
+    strings_internal::ParsedFloat hex_parse =
+        strings_internal::ParseFloat<16>(first, last, fmt_flags);
+    if (hex_parse.end == nullptr) {
+      result.ec = std::errc::invalid_argument;
+      return result;
+    }
+    result.ptr = hex_parse.end;
+    if (HandleEdgeCase(hex_parse, negative, &value)) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    CalculatedFloat calculated =
+        CalculateFromParsedHexadecimal<FloatType>(hex_parse);
+    EncodeResult(calculated, negative, &result, &value);
+    return result;
+  } else {
+    strings_internal::ParsedFloat decimal_parse =
+        strings_internal::ParseFloat<10>(first, last, fmt_flags);
+    if (decimal_parse.end == nullptr) {
+      result.ec = std::errc::invalid_argument;
+      return result;
+    }
+    result.ptr = decimal_parse.end;
+    if (HandleEdgeCase(decimal_parse, negative, &value)) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    // A nullptr subrange_begin means that the decimal_parse.mantissa is exact
+    // (not truncated), a precondition of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm.
+    if ((decimal_parse.subrange_begin == nullptr) &&
+        EiselLemire<FloatType>(decimal_parse, negative, &value, &result.ec)) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    CalculatedFloat calculated =
+        CalculateFromParsedDecimal<FloatType>(decimal_parse);
+    EncodeResult(calculated, negative, &result, &value);
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+from_chars_result from_chars(const char* first, const char* last, double& value,
+                             chars_format fmt) {
+  return FromCharsImpl(first, last, value, fmt);
+}
+
+from_chars_result from_chars(const char* first, const char* last, float& value,
+                             chars_format fmt) {
+  return FromCharsImpl(first, last, value, fmt);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Table of powers of 10, from kPower10TableMinInclusive to
+// kPower10TableMaxExclusive.
+//
+// kPower10MantissaHighTable[i - kPower10TableMinInclusive] stores the 64-bit
+// mantissa. The high bit is always on.
+//
+// kPower10MantissaLowTable extends that 64-bit mantissa to 128 bits.
+//
+// Power10Exponent(i) calculates the power-of-two exponent.
+//
+// For a number i, this gives the unique mantissaHigh and exponent such that
+// (mantissaHigh * 2**exponent) <= 10**i < ((mantissaHigh + 1) * 2**exponent).
+//
+// For example, Python can confirm that the exact hexadecimal value of 1e60 is:
+//    >>> a = 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+//    >>> hex(a)
+//    '0x9f4f2726179a224501d762422c946590d91000000000000000'
+// Adding underscores at every 8th hex digit shows 50 hex digits:
+//    '0x9f4f2726_179a2245_01d76242_2c946590_d9100000_00000000_00'.
+// In this case, the high bit of the first hex digit, 9, is coincidentally set,
+// so we do not have to do further shifting to deduce the 128-bit mantissa:
+//   - kPower10MantissaHighTable[60 - kP10TMI] = 0x9f4f2726179a2245U
+//   - kPower10MantissaLowTable[ 60 - kP10TMI] = 0x01d762422c946590U
+// where kP10TMI is kPower10TableMinInclusive. The low 18 of those 50 hex
+// digits are truncated.
+//
+// 50 hex digits (with the high bit set) is 200 bits and mantissaHigh holds 64
+// bits, so Power10Exponent(60) = 200 - 64 = 136. Again, Python can confirm:
+//    >>> b = 0x9f4f2726179a2245
+//    >>> ((b+0)<<136) <= a
+//    True
+//    >>> ((b+1)<<136) <= a
+//    False
+//
+// The tables were generated by
+// https://github.com/google/wuffs/blob/315b2e52625ebd7b02d8fac13e3cd85ea374fb80/script/print-mpb-powers-of-10.go
+// after re-formatting its output into two arrays of N uint64_t values (instead
+// of an N element array of uint64_t pairs).
+
+const uint64_t kPower10MantissaHighTable[] = {
+    0xeef453d6923bd65aU, 0x9558b4661b6565f8U, 0xbaaee17fa23ebf76U,
+    0xe95a99df8ace6f53U, 0x91d8a02bb6c10594U, 0xb64ec836a47146f9U,
+    0xe3e27a444d8d98b7U, 0x8e6d8c6ab0787f72U, 0xb208ef855c969f4fU,
+    0xde8b2b66b3bc4723U, 0x8b16fb203055ac76U, 0xaddcb9e83c6b1793U,
+    0xd953e8624b85dd78U, 0x87d4713d6f33aa6bU, 0xa9c98d8ccb009506U,
+    0xd43bf0effdc0ba48U, 0x84a57695fe98746dU, 0xa5ced43b7e3e9188U,
+    0xcf42894a5dce35eaU, 0x818995ce7aa0e1b2U, 0xa1ebfb4219491a1fU,
+    0xca66fa129f9b60a6U, 0xfd00b897478238d0U, 0x9e20735e8cb16382U,
+    0xc5a890362fddbc62U, 0xf712b443bbd52b7bU, 0x9a6bb0aa55653b2dU,
+    0xc1069cd4eabe89f8U, 0xf148440a256e2c76U, 0x96cd2a865764dbcaU,
+    0xbc807527ed3e12bcU, 0xeba09271e88d976bU, 0x93445b8731587ea3U,
+    0xb8157268fdae9e4cU, 0xe61acf033d1a45dfU, 0x8fd0c16206306babU,
+    0xb3c4f1ba87bc8696U, 0xe0b62e2929aba83cU, 0x8c71dcd9ba0b4925U,
+    0xaf8e5410288e1b6fU, 0xdb71e91432b1a24aU, 0x892731ac9faf056eU,
+    0xab70fe17c79ac6caU, 0xd64d3d9db981787dU, 0x85f0468293f0eb4eU,
+    0xa76c582338ed2621U, 0xd1476e2c07286faaU, 0x82cca4db847945caU,
+    0xa37fce126597973cU, 0xcc5fc196fefd7d0cU, 0xff77b1fcbebcdc4fU,
+    0x9faacf3df73609b1U, 0xc795830d75038c1dU, 0xf97ae3d0d2446f25U,
+    0x9becce62836ac577U, 0xc2e801fb244576d5U, 0xf3a20279ed56d48aU,
+    0x9845418c345644d6U, 0xbe5691ef416bd60cU, 0xedec366b11c6cb8fU,
+    0x94b3a202eb1c3f39U, 0xb9e08a83a5e34f07U, 0xe858ad248f5c22c9U,
+    0x91376c36d99995beU, 0xb58547448ffffb2dU, 0xe2e69915b3fff9f9U,
+    0x8dd01fad907ffc3bU, 0xb1442798f49ffb4aU, 0xdd95317f31c7fa1dU,
+    0x8a7d3eef7f1cfc52U, 0xad1c8eab5ee43b66U, 0xd863b256369d4a40U,
+    0x873e4f75e2224e68U, 0xa90de3535aaae202U, 0xd3515c2831559a83U,
+    0x8412d9991ed58091U, 0xa5178fff668ae0b6U, 0xce5d73ff402d98e3U,
+    0x80fa687f881c7f8eU, 0xa139029f6a239f72U, 0xc987434744ac874eU,
+    0xfbe9141915d7a922U, 0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5U, 0xc4ce17b399107c22U,
+    0xf6019da07f549b2bU, 0x99c102844f94e0fbU, 0xc0314325637a1939U,
+    0xf03d93eebc589f88U, 0x96267c7535b763b5U, 0xbbb01b9283253ca2U,
+    0xea9c227723ee8bcbU, 0x92a1958a7675175fU, 0xb749faed14125d36U,
+    0xe51c79a85916f484U, 0x8f31cc0937ae58d2U, 0xb2fe3f0b8599ef07U,
+    0xdfbdcece67006ac9U, 0x8bd6a141006042bdU, 0xaecc49914078536dU,
+    0xda7f5bf590966848U, 0x888f99797a5e012dU, 0xaab37fd7d8f58178U,
+    0xd5605fcdcf32e1d6U, 0x855c3be0a17fcd26U, 0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06fU,
+    0xd0601d8efc57b08bU, 0x823c12795db6ce57U, 0xa2cb1717b52481edU,
+    0xcb7ddcdda26da268U, 0xfe5d54150b090b02U, 0x9efa548d26e5a6e1U,
+    0xc6b8e9b0709f109aU, 0xf867241c8cc6d4c0U, 0x9b407691d7fc44f8U,
+    0xc21094364dfb5636U, 0xf294b943e17a2bc4U, 0x979cf3ca6cec5b5aU,
+    0xbd8430bd08277231U, 0xece53cec4a314ebdU, 0x940f4613ae5ed136U,
+    0xb913179899f68584U, 0xe757dd7ec07426e5U, 0x9096ea6f3848984fU,
+    0xb4bca50b065abe63U, 0xe1ebce4dc7f16dfbU, 0x8d3360f09cf6e4bdU,
+    0xb080392cc4349decU, 0xdca04777f541c567U, 0x89e42caaf9491b60U,
+    0xac5d37d5b79b6239U, 0xd77485cb25823ac7U, 0x86a8d39ef77164bcU,
+    0xa8530886b54dbdebU, 0xd267caa862a12d66U, 0x8380dea93da4bc60U,
+    0xa46116538d0deb78U, 0xcd795be870516656U, 0x806bd9714632dff6U,
+    0xa086cfcd97bf97f3U, 0xc8a883c0fdaf7df0U, 0xfad2a4b13d1b5d6cU,
+    0x9cc3a6eec6311a63U, 0xc3f490aa77bd60fcU, 0xf4f1b4d515acb93bU,
+    0x991711052d8bf3c5U, 0xbf5cd54678eef0b6U, 0xef340a98172aace4U,
+    0x9580869f0e7aac0eU, 0xbae0a846d2195712U, 0xe998d258869facd7U,
+    0x91ff83775423cc06U, 0xb67f6455292cbf08U, 0xe41f3d6a7377eecaU,
+    0x8e938662882af53eU, 0xb23867fb2a35b28dU, 0xdec681f9f4c31f31U,
+    0x8b3c113c38f9f37eU, 0xae0b158b4738705eU, 0xd98ddaee19068c76U,
+    0x87f8a8d4cfa417c9U, 0xa9f6d30a038d1dbcU, 0xd47487cc8470652bU,
+    0x84c8d4dfd2c63f3bU, 0xa5fb0a17c777cf09U, 0xcf79cc9db955c2ccU,
+    0x81ac1fe293d599bfU, 0xa21727db38cb002fU, 0xca9cf1d206fdc03bU,
+    0xfd442e4688bd304aU, 0x9e4a9cec15763e2eU, 0xc5dd44271ad3cdbaU,
+    0xf7549530e188c128U, 0x9a94dd3e8cf578b9U, 0xc13a148e3032d6e7U,
+    0xf18899b1bc3f8ca1U, 0x96f5600f15a7b7e5U, 0xbcb2b812db11a5deU,
+    0xebdf661791d60f56U, 0x936b9fcebb25c995U, 0xb84687c269ef3bfbU,
+    0xe65829b3046b0afaU, 0x8ff71a0fe2c2e6dcU, 0xb3f4e093db73a093U,
+    0xe0f218b8d25088b8U, 0x8c974f7383725573U, 0xafbd2350644eeacfU,
+    0xdbac6c247d62a583U, 0x894bc396ce5da772U, 0xab9eb47c81f5114fU,
+    0xd686619ba27255a2U, 0x8613fd0145877585U, 0xa798fc4196e952e7U,
+    0xd17f3b51fca3a7a0U, 0x82ef85133de648c4U, 0xa3ab66580d5fdaf5U,
+    0xcc963fee10b7d1b3U, 0xffbbcfe994e5c61fU, 0x9fd561f1fd0f9bd3U,
+    0xc7caba6e7c5382c8U, 0xf9bd690a1b68637bU, 0x9c1661a651213e2dU,
+    0xc31bfa0fe5698db8U, 0xf3e2f893dec3f126U, 0x986ddb5c6b3a76b7U,
+    0xbe89523386091465U, 0xee2ba6c0678b597fU, 0x94db483840b717efU,
+    0xba121a4650e4ddebU, 0xe896a0d7e51e1566U, 0x915e2486ef32cd60U,
+    0xb5b5ada8aaff80b8U, 0xe3231912d5bf60e6U, 0x8df5efabc5979c8fU,
+    0xb1736b96b6fd83b3U, 0xddd0467c64bce4a0U, 0x8aa22c0dbef60ee4U,
+    0xad4ab7112eb3929dU, 0xd89d64d57a607744U, 0x87625f056c7c4a8bU,
+    0xa93af6c6c79b5d2dU, 0xd389b47879823479U, 0x843610cb4bf160cbU,
+    0xa54394fe1eedb8feU, 0xce947a3da6a9273eU, 0x811ccc668829b887U,
+    0xa163ff802a3426a8U, 0xc9bcff6034c13052U, 0xfc2c3f3841f17c67U,
+    0x9d9ba7832936edc0U, 0xc5029163f384a931U, 0xf64335bcf065d37dU,
+    0x99ea0196163fa42eU, 0xc06481fb9bcf8d39U, 0xf07da27a82c37088U,
+    0x964e858c91ba2655U, 0xbbe226efb628afeaU, 0xeadab0aba3b2dbe5U,
+    0x92c8ae6b464fc96fU, 0xb77ada0617e3bbcbU, 0xe55990879ddcaabdU,
+    0x8f57fa54c2a9eab6U, 0xb32df8e9f3546564U, 0xdff9772470297ebdU,
+    0x8bfbea76c619ef36U, 0xaefae51477a06b03U, 0xdab99e59958885c4U,
+    0x88b402f7fd75539bU, 0xaae103b5fcd2a881U, 0xd59944a37c0752a2U,
+    0x857fcae62d8493a5U, 0xa6dfbd9fb8e5b88eU, 0xd097ad07a71f26b2U,
+    0x825ecc24c873782fU, 0xa2f67f2dfa90563bU, 0xcbb41ef979346bcaU,
+    0xfea126b7d78186bcU, 0x9f24b832e6b0f436U, 0xc6ede63fa05d3143U,
+    0xf8a95fcf88747d94U, 0x9b69dbe1b548ce7cU, 0xc24452da229b021bU,
+    0xf2d56790ab41c2a2U, 0x97c560ba6b0919a5U, 0xbdb6b8e905cb600fU,
+    0xed246723473e3813U, 0x9436c0760c86e30bU, 0xb94470938fa89bceU,
+    0xe7958cb87392c2c2U, 0x90bd77f3483bb9b9U, 0xb4ecd5f01a4aa828U,
+    0xe2280b6c20dd5232U, 0x8d590723948a535fU, 0xb0af48ec79ace837U,
+    0xdcdb1b2798182244U, 0x8a08f0f8bf0f156bU, 0xac8b2d36eed2dac5U,
+    0xd7adf884aa879177U, 0x86ccbb52ea94baeaU, 0xa87fea27a539e9a5U,
+    0xd29fe4b18e88640eU, 0x83a3eeeef9153e89U, 0xa48ceaaab75a8e2bU,
+    0xcdb02555653131b6U, 0x808e17555f3ebf11U, 0xa0b19d2ab70e6ed6U,
+    0xc8de047564d20a8bU, 0xfb158592be068d2eU, 0x9ced737bb6c4183dU,
+    0xc428d05aa4751e4cU, 0xf53304714d9265dfU, 0x993fe2c6d07b7fabU,
+    0xbf8fdb78849a5f96U, 0xef73d256a5c0f77cU, 0x95a8637627989aadU,
+    0xbb127c53b17ec159U, 0xe9d71b689dde71afU, 0x9226712162ab070dU,
+    0xb6b00d69bb55c8d1U, 0xe45c10c42a2b3b05U, 0x8eb98a7a9a5b04e3U,
+    0xb267ed1940f1c61cU, 0xdf01e85f912e37a3U, 0x8b61313bbabce2c6U,
+    0xae397d8aa96c1b77U, 0xd9c7dced53c72255U, 0x881cea14545c7575U,
+    0xaa242499697392d2U, 0xd4ad2dbfc3d07787U, 0x84ec3c97da624ab4U,
+    0xa6274bbdd0fadd61U, 0xcfb11ead453994baU, 0x81ceb32c4b43fcf4U,
+    0xa2425ff75e14fc31U, 0xcad2f7f5359a3b3eU, 0xfd87b5f28300ca0dU,
+    0x9e74d1b791e07e48U, 0xc612062576589ddaU, 0xf79687aed3eec551U,
+    0x9abe14cd44753b52U, 0xc16d9a0095928a27U, 0xf1c90080baf72cb1U,
+    0x971da05074da7beeU, 0xbce5086492111aeaU, 0xec1e4a7db69561a5U,
+    0x9392ee8e921d5d07U, 0xb877aa3236a4b449U, 0xe69594bec44de15bU,
+    0x901d7cf73ab0acd9U, 0xb424dc35095cd80fU, 0xe12e13424bb40e13U,
+    0x8cbccc096f5088cbU, 0xafebff0bcb24aafeU, 0xdbe6fecebdedd5beU,
+    0x89705f4136b4a597U, 0xabcc77118461cefcU, 0xd6bf94d5e57a42bcU,
+    0x8637bd05af6c69b5U, 0xa7c5ac471b478423U, 0xd1b71758e219652bU,
+    0x83126e978d4fdf3bU, 0xa3d70a3d70a3d70aU, 0xccccccccccccccccU,
+    0x8000000000000000U, 0xa000000000000000U, 0xc800000000000000U,
+    0xfa00000000000000U, 0x9c40000000000000U, 0xc350000000000000U,
+    0xf424000000000000U, 0x9896800000000000U, 0xbebc200000000000U,
+    0xee6b280000000000U, 0x9502f90000000000U, 0xba43b74000000000U,
+    0xe8d4a51000000000U, 0x9184e72a00000000U, 0xb5e620f480000000U,
+    0xe35fa931a0000000U, 0x8e1bc9bf04000000U, 0xb1a2bc2ec5000000U,
+    0xde0b6b3a76400000U, 0x8ac7230489e80000U, 0xad78ebc5ac620000U,
+    0xd8d726b7177a8000U, 0x878678326eac9000U, 0xa968163f0a57b400U,
+    0xd3c21bcecceda100U, 0x84595161401484a0U, 0xa56fa5b99019a5c8U,
+    0xcecb8f27f4200f3aU, 0x813f3978f8940984U, 0xa18f07d736b90be5U,
+    0xc9f2c9cd04674edeU, 0xfc6f7c4045812296U, 0x9dc5ada82b70b59dU,
+    0xc5371912364ce305U, 0xf684df56c3e01bc6U, 0x9a130b963a6c115cU,
+    0xc097ce7bc90715b3U, 0xf0bdc21abb48db20U, 0x96769950b50d88f4U,
+    0xbc143fa4e250eb31U, 0xeb194f8e1ae525fdU, 0x92efd1b8d0cf37beU,
+    0xb7abc627050305adU, 0xe596b7b0c643c719U, 0x8f7e32ce7bea5c6fU,
+    0xb35dbf821ae4f38bU, 0xe0352f62a19e306eU, 0x8c213d9da502de45U,
+    0xaf298d050e4395d6U, 0xdaf3f04651d47b4cU, 0x88d8762bf324cd0fU,
+    0xab0e93b6efee0053U, 0xd5d238a4abe98068U, 0x85a36366eb71f041U,
+    0xa70c3c40a64e6c51U, 0xd0cf4b50cfe20765U, 0x82818f1281ed449fU,
+    0xa321f2d7226895c7U, 0xcbea6f8ceb02bb39U, 0xfee50b7025c36a08U,
+    0x9f4f2726179a2245U, 0xc722f0ef9d80aad6U, 0xf8ebad2b84e0d58bU,
+    0x9b934c3b330c8577U, 0xc2781f49ffcfa6d5U, 0xf316271c7fc3908aU,
+    0x97edd871cfda3a56U, 0xbde94e8e43d0c8ecU, 0xed63a231d4c4fb27U,
+    0x945e455f24fb1cf8U, 0xb975d6b6ee39e436U, 0xe7d34c64a9c85d44U,
+    0x90e40fbeea1d3a4aU, 0xb51d13aea4a488ddU, 0xe264589a4dcdab14U,
+    0x8d7eb76070a08aecU, 0xb0de65388cc8ada8U, 0xdd15fe86affad912U,
+    0x8a2dbf142dfcc7abU, 0xacb92ed9397bf996U, 0xd7e77a8f87daf7fbU,
+    0x86f0ac99b4e8dafdU, 0xa8acd7c0222311bcU, 0xd2d80db02aabd62bU,
+    0x83c7088e1aab65dbU, 0xa4b8cab1a1563f52U, 0xcde6fd5e09abcf26U,
+    0x80b05e5ac60b6178U, 0xa0dc75f1778e39d6U, 0xc913936dd571c84cU,
+    0xfb5878494ace3a5fU, 0x9d174b2dcec0e47bU, 0xc45d1df942711d9aU,
+    0xf5746577930d6500U, 0x9968bf6abbe85f20U, 0xbfc2ef456ae276e8U,
+    0xefb3ab16c59b14a2U, 0x95d04aee3b80ece5U, 0xbb445da9ca61281fU,
+    0xea1575143cf97226U, 0x924d692ca61be758U, 0xb6e0c377cfa2e12eU,
+    0xe498f455c38b997aU, 0x8edf98b59a373fecU, 0xb2977ee300c50fe7U,
+    0xdf3d5e9bc0f653e1U, 0x8b865b215899f46cU, 0xae67f1e9aec07187U,
+    0xda01ee641a708de9U, 0x884134fe908658b2U, 0xaa51823e34a7eedeU,
+    0xd4e5e2cdc1d1ea96U, 0x850fadc09923329eU, 0xa6539930bf6bff45U,
+    0xcfe87f7cef46ff16U, 0x81f14fae158c5f6eU, 0xa26da3999aef7749U,
+    0xcb090c8001ab551cU, 0xfdcb4fa002162a63U, 0x9e9f11c4014dda7eU,
+    0xc646d63501a1511dU, 0xf7d88bc24209a565U, 0x9ae757596946075fU,
+    0xc1a12d2fc3978937U, 0xf209787bb47d6b84U, 0x9745eb4d50ce6332U,
+    0xbd176620a501fbffU, 0xec5d3fa8ce427affU, 0x93ba47c980e98cdfU,
+    0xb8a8d9bbe123f017U, 0xe6d3102ad96cec1dU, 0x9043ea1ac7e41392U,
+    0xb454e4a179dd1877U, 0xe16a1dc9d8545e94U, 0x8ce2529e2734bb1dU,
+    0xb01ae745b101e9e4U, 0xdc21a1171d42645dU, 0x899504ae72497ebaU,
+    0xabfa45da0edbde69U, 0xd6f8d7509292d603U, 0x865b86925b9bc5c2U,
+    0xa7f26836f282b732U, 0xd1ef0244af2364ffU, 0x8335616aed761f1fU,
+    0xa402b9c5a8d3a6e7U, 0xcd036837130890a1U, 0x802221226be55a64U,
+    0xa02aa96b06deb0fdU, 0xc83553c5c8965d3dU, 0xfa42a8b73abbf48cU,
+    0x9c69a97284b578d7U, 0xc38413cf25e2d70dU, 0xf46518c2ef5b8cd1U,
+    0x98bf2f79d5993802U, 0xbeeefb584aff8603U, 0xeeaaba2e5dbf6784U,
+    0x952ab45cfa97a0b2U, 0xba756174393d88dfU, 0xe912b9d1478ceb17U,
+    0x91abb422ccb812eeU, 0xb616a12b7fe617aaU, 0xe39c49765fdf9d94U,
+    0x8e41ade9fbebc27dU, 0xb1d219647ae6b31cU, 0xde469fbd99a05fe3U,
+    0x8aec23d680043beeU, 0xada72ccc20054ae9U, 0xd910f7ff28069da4U,
+    0x87aa9aff79042286U, 0xa99541bf57452b28U, 0xd3fa922f2d1675f2U,
+    0x847c9b5d7c2e09b7U, 0xa59bc234db398c25U, 0xcf02b2c21207ef2eU,
+    0x8161afb94b44f57dU, 0xa1ba1ba79e1632dcU, 0xca28a291859bbf93U,
+    0xfcb2cb35e702af78U, 0x9defbf01b061adabU, 0xc56baec21c7a1916U,
+    0xf6c69a72a3989f5bU, 0x9a3c2087a63f6399U, 0xc0cb28a98fcf3c7fU,
+    0xf0fdf2d3f3c30b9fU, 0x969eb7c47859e743U, 0xbc4665b596706114U,
+    0xeb57ff22fc0c7959U, 0x9316ff75dd87cbd8U, 0xb7dcbf5354e9beceU,
+    0xe5d3ef282a242e81U, 0x8fa475791a569d10U, 0xb38d92d760ec4455U,
+    0xe070f78d3927556aU, 0x8c469ab843b89562U, 0xaf58416654a6babbU,
+    0xdb2e51bfe9d0696aU, 0x88fcf317f22241e2U, 0xab3c2fddeeaad25aU,
+    0xd60b3bd56a5586f1U, 0x85c7056562757456U, 0xa738c6bebb12d16cU,
+    0xd106f86e69d785c7U, 0x82a45b450226b39cU, 0xa34d721642b06084U,
+    0xcc20ce9bd35c78a5U, 0xff290242c83396ceU, 0x9f79a169bd203e41U,
+    0xc75809c42c684dd1U, 0xf92e0c3537826145U, 0x9bbcc7a142b17ccbU,
+    0xc2abf989935ddbfeU, 0xf356f7ebf83552feU, 0x98165af37b2153deU,
+    0xbe1bf1b059e9a8d6U, 0xeda2ee1c7064130cU, 0x9485d4d1c63e8be7U,
+    0xb9a74a0637ce2ee1U, 0xe8111c87c5c1ba99U, 0x910ab1d4db9914a0U,
+    0xb54d5e4a127f59c8U, 0xe2a0b5dc971f303aU, 0x8da471a9de737e24U,
+    0xb10d8e1456105dadU, 0xdd50f1996b947518U, 0x8a5296ffe33cc92fU,
+    0xace73cbfdc0bfb7bU, 0xd8210befd30efa5aU, 0x8714a775e3e95c78U,
+    0xa8d9d1535ce3b396U, 0xd31045a8341ca07cU, 0x83ea2b892091e44dU,
+    0xa4e4b66b68b65d60U, 0xce1de40642e3f4b9U, 0x80d2ae83e9ce78f3U,
+    0xa1075a24e4421730U, 0xc94930ae1d529cfcU, 0xfb9b7cd9a4a7443cU,
+    0x9d412e0806e88aa5U, 0xc491798a08a2ad4eU, 0xf5b5d7ec8acb58a2U,
+    0x9991a6f3d6bf1765U, 0xbff610b0cc6edd3fU, 0xeff394dcff8a948eU,
+    0x95f83d0a1fb69cd9U, 0xbb764c4ca7a4440fU, 0xea53df5fd18d5513U,
+    0x92746b9be2f8552cU, 0xb7118682dbb66a77U, 0xe4d5e82392a40515U,
+    0x8f05b1163ba6832dU, 0xb2c71d5bca9023f8U, 0xdf78e4b2bd342cf6U,
+    0x8bab8eefb6409c1aU, 0xae9672aba3d0c320U, 0xda3c0f568cc4f3e8U,
+    0x8865899617fb1871U, 0xaa7eebfb9df9de8dU, 0xd51ea6fa85785631U,
+    0x8533285c936b35deU, 0xa67ff273b8460356U, 0xd01fef10a657842cU,
+    0x8213f56a67f6b29bU, 0xa298f2c501f45f42U, 0xcb3f2f7642717713U,
+    0xfe0efb53d30dd4d7U, 0x9ec95d1463e8a506U, 0xc67bb4597ce2ce48U,
+    0xf81aa16fdc1b81daU, 0x9b10a4e5e9913128U, 0xc1d4ce1f63f57d72U,
+    0xf24a01a73cf2dccfU, 0x976e41088617ca01U, 0xbd49d14aa79dbc82U,
+    0xec9c459d51852ba2U, 0x93e1ab8252f33b45U, 0xb8da1662e7b00a17U,
+    0xe7109bfba19c0c9dU, 0x906a617d450187e2U, 0xb484f9dc9641e9daU,
+    0xe1a63853bbd26451U, 0x8d07e33455637eb2U, 0xb049dc016abc5e5fU,
+    0xdc5c5301c56b75f7U, 0x89b9b3e11b6329baU, 0xac2820d9623bf429U,
+    0xd732290fbacaf133U, 0x867f59a9d4bed6c0U, 0xa81f301449ee8c70U,
+    0xd226fc195c6a2f8cU, 0x83585d8fd9c25db7U, 0xa42e74f3d032f525U,
+    0xcd3a1230c43fb26fU, 0x80444b5e7aa7cf85U, 0xa0555e361951c366U,
+    0xc86ab5c39fa63440U, 0xfa856334878fc150U, 0x9c935e00d4b9d8d2U,
+    0xc3b8358109e84f07U, 0xf4a642e14c6262c8U, 0x98e7e9cccfbd7dbdU,
+    0xbf21e44003acdd2cU, 0xeeea5d5004981478U, 0x95527a5202df0ccbU,
+    0xbaa718e68396cffdU, 0xe950df20247c83fdU, 0x91d28b7416cdd27eU,
+    0xb6472e511c81471dU, 0xe3d8f9e563a198e5U, 0x8e679c2f5e44ff8fU,
+};
+
+const uint64_t kPower10MantissaLowTable[] = {
+    0x113faa2906a13b3fU, 0x4ac7ca59a424c507U, 0x5d79bcf00d2df649U,
+    0xf4d82c2c107973dcU, 0x79071b9b8a4be869U, 0x9748e2826cdee284U,
+    0xfd1b1b2308169b25U, 0xfe30f0f5e50e20f7U, 0xbdbd2d335e51a935U,
+    0xad2c788035e61382U, 0x4c3bcb5021afcc31U, 0xdf4abe242a1bbf3dU,
+    0xd71d6dad34a2af0dU, 0x8672648c40e5ad68U, 0x680efdaf511f18c2U,
+    0x0212bd1b2566def2U, 0x014bb630f7604b57U, 0x419ea3bd35385e2dU,
+    0x52064cac828675b9U, 0x7343efebd1940993U, 0x1014ebe6c5f90bf8U,
+    0xd41a26e077774ef6U, 0x8920b098955522b4U, 0x55b46e5f5d5535b0U,
+    0xeb2189f734aa831dU, 0xa5e9ec7501d523e4U, 0x47b233c92125366eU,
+    0x999ec0bb696e840aU, 0xc00670ea43ca250dU, 0x380406926a5e5728U,
+    0xc605083704f5ecf2U, 0xf7864a44c633682eU, 0x7ab3ee6afbe0211dU,
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+    0x1ad089b6c2f7548eU, 0xa184ac2473b529b1U, 0xc9e5d72d90a2741eU,
+    0x7e2fa67c7a658892U, 0xddbb901b98feeab7U, 0x552a74227f3ea565U,
+    0xd53a88958f87275fU, 0x8a892abaf368f137U, 0x2d2b7569b0432d85U,
+    0x9c3b29620e29fc73U, 0x8349f3ba91b47b8fU, 0x241c70a936219a73U,
+    0xed238cd383aa0110U, 0xf4363804324a40aaU, 0xb143c6053edcd0d5U,
+    0xdd94b7868e94050aU, 0xca7cf2b4191c8326U, 0xfd1c2f611f63a3f0U,
+    0xbc633b39673c8cecU, 0xd5be0503e085d813U, 0x4b2d8644d8a74e18U,
+    0xddf8e7d60ed1219eU, 0xcabb90e5c942b503U, 0x3d6a751f3b936243U,
+    0x0cc512670a783ad4U, 0x27fb2b80668b24c5U, 0xb1f9f660802dedf6U,
+    0x5e7873f8a0396973U, 0xdb0b487b6423e1e8U, 0x91ce1a9a3d2cda62U,
+    0x7641a140cc7810fbU, 0xa9e904c87fcb0a9dU, 0x546345fa9fbdcd44U,
+    0xa97c177947ad4095U, 0x49ed8eabcccc485dU, 0x5c68f256bfff5a74U,
+    0x73832eec6fff3111U, 0xc831fd53c5ff7eabU, 0xba3e7ca8b77f5e55U,
+    0x28ce1bd2e55f35ebU, 0x7980d163cf5b81b3U, 0xd7e105bcc332621fU,
+    0x8dd9472bf3fefaa7U, 0xb14f98f6f0feb951U, 0x6ed1bf9a569f33d3U,
+    0x0a862f80ec4700c8U, 0xcd27bb612758c0faU, 0x8038d51cb897789cU,
+    0xe0470a63e6bd56c3U, 0x1858ccfce06cac74U, 0x0f37801e0c43ebc8U,
+    0xd30560258f54e6baU, 0x47c6b82ef32a2069U, 0x4cdc331d57fa5441U,
+    0xe0133fe4adf8e952U, 0x58180fddd97723a6U, 0x570f09eaa7ea7648U,
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl