partforge 0.121.1 → 0.122.0

package/src/framework/materials/physical.js

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// src/framework/materials/physical.js
+// three.js materials from resolved library data. The CAD half keeps the viewer's
+// MeshStandardMaterial and only swaps its numbers; the realistic half (Task 8)
+// builds MeshPhysicalMaterial. Both read resolve.js, so the two modes can never
+// disagree about which preset a sub-part is.
+import * as THREE from "three";
+import { cadAppearance, resolveMaterial } from "./resolve.js";
+import { applyPattern } from "./patterns.js";
+import { PATTERN_TEXTURES } from "./assets.js";
+
+const APPEARANCE_KEYS = ["color", "opacity", "material", "roughness", "metalness", "clearcoat", "clearcoatRoughness", "anisotropy", "textureScale"];
+const hasAppearance = (display) => !!display && APPEARANCE_KEYS.some((k) => display[k] != null);
+
+export function buildCadMaterial(display, base) {
+  if (!hasAppearance(display)) return base;
+  const a = cadAppearance(display);
+  const m = base.clone();
+  m.color = new THREE.Color(a.color);
+  m.metalness = a.metalness;
+  m.roughness = a.roughness;
+  if (a.opacity < 1) { m.transparent = true; m.opacity = a.opacity; m.depthWrite = false; }
+  return m;
+}
+
+// Realistic-mode material. `loadTexture(fileName)` is injected (the viewer owns
+// a caching TextureLoader), so this stays unit-testable without a network.
+export function buildPhysicalMaterial(display, { printFrame, loadTexture } = {}) {
+  const { params, tinted } = resolveMaterial(display);
+  const set = params.textures;
+  // A textured preset's colour map carries its own colour; the preset `color` is
+  // only its average (for CAD and 3MF). So the material starts white and an
+  // explicit `color` tints the map.
+  const base = set?.color && !tinted ? 0xffffff : params.color;
+  const m = new THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial({
+    color: new THREE.Color(base),
+    metalness: params.metalness,
+    roughness: params.roughness,
+    clearcoat: params.clearcoat,
+    clearcoatRoughness: params.clearcoatRoughness,
+    transmission: params.transmission,
+    thickness: params.thickness,
+    ior: params.ior,
+    anisotropy: params.anisotropy,
+    envMapIntensity: params.envIntensity,
+    specularIntensity: params.specularIntensity,
+  });
+  if (params.opacity < 1) { m.transparent = true; m.opacity = params.opacity; m.depthWrite = false; }
+  m.userData.pfAnisotropic = params.anisotropy > 0;
+  if (!loadTexture) {
+    applyPattern(m, { kind: params.pattern, scale: params.textureScale, printFrame });
+    return m;
+  }
+  if (set) {
+    // A full PBR set: colour decoded as sRGB, normal and roughness are data.
+    const load = (file, colorSpace) => {
+      if (!file) return undefined;
+      const t = loadTexture(file);
+      t.wrapS = t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
+      t.colorSpace = colorSpace;
+      return t;
+    };
+    applyPattern(m, {
+      kind: params.pattern, scale: params.textureScale, printFrame,
+      texture: load(set.color, THREE.SRGBColorSpace),
+      normalMap: load(set.normal, THREE.NoColorSpace),
+      roughnessMap: load(set.roughness, THREE.NoColorSpace),
+      roughnessMean: set.roughnessMean,
+      normalScale: set.normalScale,
+    });
+    return m;
+  }
+  const textureFile = PATTERN_TEXTURES[params.pattern];
+  const texture = textureFile ? loadTexture(textureFile) : undefined;
+  // The carbon texture is a luminance mask, read raw; decoding it as sRGB
+  // crushed its contrast to nothing. Concrete is a colour map.
+  if (texture) {
+    texture.wrapS = texture.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
+    texture.colorSpace = params.pattern === "concrete" ? THREE.SRGBColorSpace : THREE.NoColorSpace;
+  }
+  applyPattern(m, { kind: params.pattern, scale: params.textureScale, printFrame, texture });
+  return m;
+}

package/src/framework/materials/presets.js

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// src/framework/materials/presets.js
+// The material library: plain data, deliberately three-free and DOM-free so lint,
+// the worker's 3MF writer and the docs parity test can all read it (see
+// test/lint-purity.test.js and test/worker-layering.test.js). The viewer turns a
+// record into a three.js material in physical.js; nothing here knows about three.
+//
+// Metal base colours are measured reflectance (F0) from physicallybased.info,
+// converted to sRGB. Adding a preset is one record here plus a look at the
+// contact sheet (materials.html) in every environment.
+
+export const DEFAULT_PRESET_ID = "default";
+
+const P = (id, label, category, use, fields) => ({ id, label, category, use, tintable: false, ...fields });
+
+export const PRESETS = {
+  // The viewer's look before this library existed. Not documented as a choice:
+  // it is what a sub-part with no `material` renders as.
+  default: P("default", "Default", "default", "The viewer's neutral blue-grey, used when a sub-part names no material.",
+    { color: 0x9fb4cc, metalness: 0.25, roughness: 0.55 }),
+
+  "machined-aluminum": P("machined-aluminum", "Machined aluminium", "aluminium", "Bare CNC-milled aluminium, fine tool marks, satin sheen.",
+    { color: 0xf5f6f6, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.32 }),
+  "brushed-aluminum": P("brushed-aluminum", "Brushed aluminium", "aluminium", "Directionally brushed aluminium panels and enclosures.",
+    { color: 0xf5f6f6, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.38, anisotropy: 0.7 }),
+  "anodized-aluminum": P("anodized-aluminum", "Anodized aluminium", "aluminium", "Dyed anodized aluminium; tint with `color` (e.g. red, black, blue).",
+    { color: 0xb9bcc0, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.3, clearcoat: 0.4, clearcoatRoughness: 0.25, tintable: true }),
+  "bead-blasted-aluminum": P("bead-blasted-aluminum", "Bead-blasted aluminium", "aluminium", "Matte, even-textured aluminium (laptop-shell finish).",
+    { color: 0xe8e9ea, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.62 }),
+
+  "brushed-stainless": P("brushed-stainless", "Brushed stainless steel", "steel", "Brushed 304 stainless: kitchen, marine and fastener hardware.",
+    { color: 0xc4c5c6, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.34, anisotropy: 0.6 }),
+  "polished-chrome": P("polished-chrome", "Polished chrome", "steel", "Mirror chrome plating; shows the environment strongly.",
+    { color: 0xcacbcc, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.05 }),
+  "black-oxide-steel": P("black-oxide-steel", "Black-oxide steel", "steel", "Blackened steel tooling and fasteners with a slight oily sheen.",
+    { color: 0x2c2d30, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.45 }),
+  "cast-iron": P("cast-iron", "Cast iron", "steel", "Raw sand-cast iron: dark, rough and matte.",
+    { color: 0x6d6b69, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.78 }),
+  titanium: P("titanium", "Titanium", "steel", "Bare titanium: slightly warm grey, satin.",
+    { color: 0xc1bab1, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.35 }),
+
+  brass: P("brass", "Brass", "warm-metal", "Yellow brass fittings and decorative hardware.",
+    { color: 0xf8dc82, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.28 }),
+  copper: P("copper", "Copper", "warm-metal", "Bare copper: busbars, heat sinks, decorative parts.",
+    { color: 0xfad0c0, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.3 }),
+  bronze: P("bronze", "Bronze", "warm-metal", "Cast bronze bushings and sculpture.",
+    { color: 0xd9a86c, metalness: 1, roughness: 0.42 }),
+
+  "powder-coat": P("powder-coat", "Powder coat", "coating", "Durable textured paint over metal; tint with `color`.",
+    { color: 0x303236, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.55, clearcoat: 0.15, clearcoatRoughness: 0.5, tintable: true }),
+  "painted-metal": P("painted-metal", "Painted metal", "coating", "Glossy enamel or automotive-style paint; tint with `color`.",
+    { color: 0xb3261e, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.4, clearcoat: 1, clearcoatRoughness: 0.08, tintable: true }),
+
+  "pla-print": P("pla-print", "PLA print", "print", "FDM-printed PLA with visible layer lines; tint with `color`.",
+    { color: 0xe8e4da, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.55, envIntensity: 0.6, specularIntensity: 0.5, pattern: "layer-lines", textureScale: 0.2, tintable: true }),
+  "petg-print": P("petg-print", "PETG print", "print", "FDM-printed PETG: glossier than PLA, visible layers; tint with `color`.",
+    { color: 0x2d6cdf, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.32, envIntensity: 0.7, specularIntensity: 0.7, pattern: "layer-lines", textureScale: 0.2, tintable: true }),
+  "resin-print": P("resin-print", "Resin print", "print", "SLA/MSLA resin print: smooth, faintly waxy; tint with `color`.",
+    { color: 0x8a8f96, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.35, clearcoat: 0.2, clearcoatRoughness: 0.3, tintable: true }),
+  "nylon-sls": P("nylon-sls", "Nylon SLS", "print", "Powder-bed nylon: matte, grainy, usually white or dyed black.",
+    { color: 0xf0eee8, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.85, pattern: "sls-grain", textureScale: 0.15, tintable: true }),
+
+  "abs-plastic": P("abs-plastic", "ABS plastic", "plastic", "Injection-moulded ABS housings and knobs; tint with `color`.",
+    { color: 0x1c1d20, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.42, tintable: true }),
+  "clear-acrylic": P("clear-acrylic", "Clear acrylic", "plastic", "Transparent PMMA/polycarbonate windows and covers; tint for coloured acrylic.",
+    { color: 0xffffff, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.04, transmission: 1, thickness: 3, ior: 1.49, tintable: true }),
+  rubber: P("rubber", "Rubber", "plastic", "Matte elastomer: gaskets, feet, grips; tint with `color`.",
+    { color: 0x1a1a1a, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.9, tintable: true }),
+
+  // Wood is a full PBR texture set (colour, normal, roughness — Poly Haven scans,
+  // assets/SOURCES.md), projected triplanar in object space (patterns.js).
+  // textureScale is one tile in mm. It is NOT the scans' stated size (1.83 m oak,
+  // 2 m walnut): a 1K map spread that wide is ~2 mm a texel, so a hand-sized part
+  // showed blurred blotches and no grain. 250/400 mm keep the grain crisp at part
+  // scale and still read as plausible figure (checked in the contact sheet). `color` is the
+  // texture's average colour: what the CAD view and a 3MF export show. In realistic
+  // mode the texture carries the colour itself; an explicit `color` tints it.
+  // `roughnessMean` is the roughness map's mean, so the preset `roughness` (or an
+  // override) sets the AVERAGE roughness and the map only varies it. `normalScale`
+  // strengthens the normal map: these scans' tangent normals barely leave +Z (a
+  // ~1% tilt), which reads as flat under an environment map.
+  oak: P("oak", "Oak", "natural", "Light oak with open grain.",
+    { color: 0xa17e57, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.65, pattern: "wood", textureScale: 250,
+      textures: { color: "pattern-oak-color.jpg", normal: "pattern-oak-normal.jpg", roughness: "pattern-oak-rough.jpg", roughnessMean: 0.53, normalScale: 2.5 } }),
+  walnut: P("walnut", "Walnut", "natural", "Dark oiled walnut.",
+    { color: 0x5d2a18, metalness: 0, roughness: 0.5, clearcoat: 0.3, clearcoatRoughness: 0.4, pattern: "wood", textureScale: 400,
+      textures: { color: "pattern-walnut-color.jpg", normal: "pattern-walnut-normal.jpg", roughness: "pattern-walnut-rough.jpg", roughnessMean: 0.628, normalScale: 3 } }),
+  "carbon-fiber": P("carbon-fiber", "Carbon fibre", "natural", "2x2 twill carbon fibre under clear coat.",
+    { color: 0x1b1c1e, metalness: 0.2, roughness: 0.35, clearcoat: 1, clearcoatRoughness: 0.05, pattern: "carbon", textureScale: 48 }),
+};

package/src/framework/materials/print-bed.js

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+// src/framework/materials/print-bed.js
+// The print-bed environment's ground: not a disc fading into the backdrop but
+// a real build plate — a rounded, square PEI sheet of a standard size, cut out
+// of nothing, with white markings printed on it: a millimetre ruler along the
+// left and back edges, the partforge wordmark in the front-left corner, the
+// plate's own size in the front-right, and a lift tab with diagonal sides off
+// the middle of the front edge. Like the disc, it comes to the
+// part (centred under its footprint) and never moves it.
+import * as THREE from "three";
+
+// Common square bed sizes, smallest first; a footprint past the last rounds up
+// to the next 50 mm.
+export const BED_SIZES_MM = [180, 220, 256, 350];
+const MARGIN_MM = 16; // clear plate kept around the footprint when picking a size
+const THICKNESS_MM = 2.5;
+const CORNER_MM = 6;
+// The lift tab on the front edge: wide where it meets the plate, narrower at
+// its tip, so its two sides run diagonally.
+const TAB_BASE_MM = 132;
+const TAB_TIP_MM = 96;
+const TAB_DEPTH_MM = 9;
+
+export function bedSizeFor(footprintMm) {
+  const need = footprintMm + MARGIN_MM * 2;
+  return BED_SIZES_MM.find((s) => s >= need) ?? Math.ceil(need / 50) * 50;
+}
+
+function plateGeometry(size) {
+  const h = size / 2, r = CORNER_MM;
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape();
+  // Shape y = -h is the FRONT edge (it lands at +Z once laid flat), and the
+  // lift tab sticks out of its middle: a trapezoid with diagonal sides.
+  const tb = TAB_BASE_MM / 2, tt = TAB_TIP_MM / 2, td = TAB_DEPTH_MM;
+  shape.moveTo(-h + r, -h);
+  shape.lineTo(-tb, -h); shape.lineTo(-tt, -h - td); shape.lineTo(tt, -h - td); shape.lineTo(tb, -h);
+  shape.lineTo(h - r, -h); shape.quadraticCurveTo(h, -h, h, -h + r);
+  shape.lineTo(h, h - r); shape.quadraticCurveTo(h, h, h - r, h);
+  shape.lineTo(-h + r, h); shape.quadraticCurveTo(-h, h, -h, h - r);
+  shape.lineTo(-h, -h + r); shape.quadraticCurveTo(-h, -h, -h + r, -h);
+  // Extruded along +Z then laid flat: the top cap ends up at y = 0, the plate
+  // hangs below it, and the caps' UVs are shape coordinates — millimetres.
+  const g = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, { depth: THICKNESS_MM, bevelEnabled: false, curveSegments: 6 });
+  g.rotateX(-Math.PI / 2);
+  g.translate(0, -THICKNESS_MM, 0);
+  return g;
+}
+
+function defaultCanvas(w, h) {
+  if (typeof OffscreenCanvas !== "undefined") return new OffscreenCanvas(w, h);
+  if (typeof document !== "undefined") return Object.assign(document.createElement("canvas"), { width: w, height: h });
+  return null;
+}
+
+// Draws the markings for a plate `size` mm square onto a transparent canvas
+// (top of the canvas = back of the bed). Returns null where there is no 2D
+// canvas (tests, a worker): the plate is then just unmarked PEI.
+export function drawBedMarkings(size, createCanvas = defaultCanvas) {
+  const px = 2048;
+  const canvas = createCanvas(px, px);
+  const ctx = canvas?.getContext?.("2d");
+  if (!ctx) return null;
+  const k = px / size; // pixels per millimetre
+  const ink = "rgba(255,255,255,0.88)";
+  const mono = (mm, weight = 600) => `${weight} ${Math.round(mm * k)}px "Geist Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace`;
+  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, px, px);
+  ctx.strokeStyle = ink;
+  ctx.fillStyle = ink;
+  ctx.lineCap = "round";
+
+  // Printable-area outline, inset from the edge.
+  const inset = 5;
+  ctx.lineWidth = 0.35 * k;
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.roundRect(inset * k, inset * k, (size - inset * 2) * k, (size - inset * 2) * k, (CORNER_MM - 2) * k);
+  ctx.stroke();
+
+  // Ruler: a tick every 10 mm, a longer numbered one every 50 mm, along the
+  // back edge (left to right) and the left edge (front to back), measured
+  // from the front-left corner the way a slicer's bed is.
+  const ruler = inset + 1;
+  ctx.font = mono(3.2, 500);
+  for (let mm = 10; mm < size - inset; mm += 10) {
+    const major = mm % 50 === 0;
+    const len = (major ? 4 : 2) * k;
+    ctx.lineWidth = (major ? 0.45 : 0.3) * k;
+    ctx.beginPath(); // back edge: x = mm
+    ctx.moveTo(mm * k, ruler * k); ctx.lineTo(mm * k, ruler * k + len);
+    ctx.stroke();
+    ctx.beginPath(); // left edge: z = mm from the front
+    ctx.moveTo(ruler * k, (size - mm) * k); ctx.lineTo(ruler * k + len, (size - mm) * k);
+    ctx.stroke();
+    if (!major) continue;
+    ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.textBaseline = "top";
+    ctx.fillText(String(mm), mm * k, ruler * k + len + 1 * k);
+    ctx.textAlign = "left"; ctx.textBaseline = "middle";
+    ctx.fillText(String(mm), ruler * k + len + 1 * k, (size - mm) * k);
+  }
+
+  // A small centre cross.
+  ctx.lineWidth = 0.35 * k;
+  const c = (size / 2) * k, arm = 3 * k;
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.moveTo(c - arm, c); ctx.lineTo(c + arm, c);
+  ctx.moveTo(c, c - arm); ctx.lineTo(c, c + arm);
+  ctx.stroke();
+
+  // Front strip: the wordmark in the left corner, the plate's size in the
+  // right, leaving the middle clear for the lift tab.
+  const front = (size - inset - 7) * k;
+  ctx.textBaseline = "middle";
+  ctx.font = mono(Math.min(8, size * 0.03));
+  ctx.textAlign = "left";
+  ctx.fillText("partforge", (inset + 5) * k, front);
+  ctx.textAlign = "right";
+  ctx.font = mono(Math.min(5, size * 0.02), 500);
+  ctx.fillText(`${size} × ${size} mm`, (size - inset - 5) * k, front);
+  return canvas;
+}
+
+// `pei` is the plate's surface material (the PEI colour + roughness maps with
+// UVs in millimetres, repeat 1/tileMm); the rest is built and owned here.
+export function createPrintBed({ pei, tileMm, createCanvas }) {
+  const group = new THREE.Group();
+  const edge = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x2a2b2d, metalness: 0.6, roughness: 0.45 });
+  const plate = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BufferGeometry(), [pei, edge]);
+  const inkMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
+    transparent: true, roughness: 0.6, metalness: 0,
+    polygonOffset: true, polygonOffsetFactor: -1, polygonOffsetUnits: -1,
+  });
+  const ink = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.PlaneGeometry(1, 1).rotateX(-Math.PI / 2), inkMat);
+  ink.visible = false;
+  group.add(plate, ink);
+  group.renderOrder = -1;
+  let size = 0;
+  let inkTex = null;
+
+  function setSize(next) {
+    if (next === size) return;
+    size = next;
+    plate.geometry.dispose();
+    plate.geometry = plateGeometry(size);
+    for (const t of [pei.map, pei.roughnessMap]) t?.repeat.set(1 / tileMm, 1 / tileMm);
+    inkTex?.dispose();
+    inkTex = null;
+    const canvas = drawBedMarkings(size, createCanvas);
+    if (canvas) {
+      inkTex = new THREE.CanvasTexture(canvas);
+      inkTex.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
+      inkTex.anisotropy = 8;
+    }
+    inkMat.map = inkTex;
+    inkMat.needsUpdate = true;
+    ink.visible = !!inkTex;
+    ink.scale.set(size, 1, size);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    object: group,
+    get sizeMm() { return size; },
+    place({ y, centerX = 0, centerZ = 0, footprintMm }) {
+      setSize(bedSizeFor(footprintMm));
+      group.position.set(centerX, y - 0.01, centerZ);
+    },
+    dispose() {
+      plate.geometry.dispose(); ink.geometry.dispose();
+      edge.dispose(); inkMat.dispose(); inkTex?.dispose();
+    },
+  };
+}

package/src/framework/materials/print-frame.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// The frame 3D-print layer lines are drawn in. Delivered display meshes carry
+// the DISPLAY pose (place(..., {purpose:"display"})); the part is printed in the
+// EXPORT pose. partforge already requires the two to differ by a rigid motion
+// (lint place-not-rigid), and the geometry-free pose probe reports each as a
+// list of rigid steps — so the display→export map is E · D⁻¹, with no geometry.
+// Three-free and DOM-free: the pose probe and pose.js are pure.
+import { probeSubPartPose } from "../pose-probe-core.js";
+import { poseDelta } from "../geometry/pose.js";
+
+const IDENTITY = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1];
+
+export function printFrameMatrix(subPart, { view, p, d }) {
+  if (!subPart?.place) return [...IDENTITY];
+  const disp = probeSubPartPose(subPart, { view, purpose: "display", p, d });
+  const exp = probeSubPartPose(subPart, { view, purpose: "export", p, d });
+  if (!disp.trusted || !exp.trusted || disp.baseHash !== exp.baseHash) return [...IDENTITY];
+  return poseDelta(exp.pose, disp.pose);
+}

package/src/framework/materials/resolve.js

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// src/framework/materials/resolve.js
+// Pure resolution of a sub-part's `display` block against the library. Never
+// throws and never rejects a value: an unknown preset falls back to the default,
+// an out-of-range override clamps, an unknown key is ignored — and every one of
+// those is returned as an `issue` so lint can warn about it. Appearance must
+// never be able to fail a build.
+import { PRESETS, DEFAULT_PRESET_ID } from "./presets.js";
+import { ENVIRONMENTS, DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT_ID } from "./environments.js";
+
+export const OVERRIDE_RANGES = {
+  roughness: [0, 1],
+  metalness: [0, 1],
+  clearcoat: [0, 1],
+  clearcoatRoughness: [0, 1],
+  anisotropy: [0, 1],
+  textureScale: [0.01, 1000],
+};
+
+export const DISPLAY_KEYS = ["color", "opacity", "material", ...Object.keys(OVERRIDE_RANGES)];
+
+const isColor = (v) => Number.isInteger(v) && v >= 0 && v <= 0xffffff;
+
+export function resolveMaterial(display) {
+  const d = display && typeof display === "object" ? display : {};
+  const issues = [];
+  let preset = PRESETS[DEFAULT_PRESET_ID];
+  if (d.material != null) {
+    if (typeof d.material === "string" && Object.hasOwn(PRESETS, d.material)) preset = PRESETS[d.material];
+    else issues.push({ kind: "unknown-material", key: "material", value: d.material });
+  }
+  const params = {
+    color: preset.color,
+    metalness: preset.metalness,
+    roughness: preset.roughness,
+    clearcoat: preset.clearcoat ?? 0,
+    clearcoatRoughness: preset.clearcoatRoughness ?? 0,
+    anisotropy: preset.anisotropy ?? 0,
+    transmission: preset.transmission ?? 0,
+    thickness: preset.thickness ?? 0,
+    ior: preset.ior ?? 1.5,
+    pattern: preset.pattern ?? null,
+    textureScale: preset.textureScale ?? 1,
+    envIntensity: preset.envIntensity ?? 1,
+    specularIntensity: preset.specularIntensity ?? 1,
+    textures: preset.textures ?? null,
+    opacity: 1,
+  };
+  if (isColor(d.color)) params.color = d.color;
+  if (typeof d.opacity === "number" && Number.isFinite(d.opacity)) params.opacity = Math.min(1, Math.max(0, d.opacity));
+  for (const [key, [lo, hi]] of Object.entries(OVERRIDE_RANGES)) {
+    if (!(key in d)) continue;
+    const v = d[key];
+    if (typeof v !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(v)) {
+      issues.push({ kind: "material-override-clamped", key, value: v, clampedTo: params[key] });
+      continue;
+    }
+    const c = Math.min(hi, Math.max(lo, v));
+    if (c !== v) issues.push({ kind: "material-override-clamped", key, value: v, clampedTo: c });
+    params[key] = c;
+  }
+  for (const key of Object.keys(d)) {
+    if (!DISPLAY_KEYS.includes(key)) issues.push({ kind: "material-key-unknown", key, value: d[key] });
+  }
+  // `tinted`: the author named a colour. A textured preset's colour map carries
+  // its own colour, so only an explicit tint multiplies it (physical.js).
+  return { preset, params, issues, tinted: isColor(d.color) };
+}
+
+// CAD-view appearance: the resolved colour on the CAD MeshStandardMaterial,
+// flattened so it reads without an environment map (a metalness-1 material with
+// no environment renders near-black), and lifted to a minimum luminance so a
+// black-rubber part doesn't hide its geometry in the agent's screenshots.
+const MIN_CAD_LUMA = 60; // 0..255, Rec. 709
+export function cadAppearance(display) {
+  const d = display && typeof display === "object" ? display : {};
+  const { params } = resolveMaterial(d);
+  if (d.material == null) {
+    // Byte-for-byte today's behaviour for a part without `material`.
+    return { color: params.color, metalness: 0.25, roughness: 0.55, opacity: params.opacity };
+  }
+  return {
+    color: liftLuma(params.color, MIN_CAD_LUMA),
+    metalness: Math.min(params.metalness, 0.5),
+    roughness: Math.max(params.roughness, 0.3),
+    opacity: params.opacity,
+  };
+}
+
+function liftLuma(color, min) {
+  let r = (color >> 16) & 255, g = (color >> 8) & 255, b = color & 255;
+  const luma = 0.2126 * r + 0.7152 * g + 0.0722 * b;
+  if (luma >= min) return color;
+  // Mix toward mid-grey just far enough to reach `min`, keeping hue.
+  const t = (min - luma) / (128 - luma || 1);
+  r = Math.round(r + (128 - r) * t); g = Math.round(g + (128 - g) * t); b = Math.round(b + (128 - b) * t);
+  return (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b;
+}
+
+// The colour a 3MF object carries: the explicit tint, else the preset's own
+// colour. Null when the sub-part says nothing about appearance, which is what
+// keeps an appearance-free export byte-for-byte unchanged.
+export function printColor(display) {
+  if (!display || typeof display !== "object") return null;
+  if (isColor(display.color)) return display.color;
+  if (display.material == null) return null;
+  return resolveMaterial(display).params.color;
+}
+
+export function declaresMaterials(part) {
+  return Object.values(part?.parts ?? {}).some((sp) => sp?.display?.material != null);
+}
+
+export function resolveEnvironmentId(id) {
+  if (id == null) return { id: DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT_ID, known: true };
+  if (typeof id === "string" && Object.hasOwn(ENVIRONMENTS, id)) return { id, known: true };
+  return { id: DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT_ID, known: false };
+}

package/src/framework/materials/tonemap-readback.js

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// three applies tone mapping and output colour space ONLY on the canvas path
+// (r184: a bound render target gets NoToneMapping and linear output). Realistic
+// captures therefore render HDR into a half-float target and finish here, in JS:
+// exposure → Khronos PBR Neutral (the same curve THREE.NeutralToneMapping uses on
+// the live canvas) → sRGB. Pure; no three import.
+const START = 0.8 - 0.04, DESAT = 0.15;
+
+function neutral(r, g, b) {
+  const x = Math.min(r, g, b);
+  const offset = x < 0.08 ? x - 6.25 * x * x : 0.04;
+  r -= offset; g -= offset; b -= offset;
+  const peak = Math.max(r, g, b);
+  if (peak < START) return [r, g, b];
+  const d = 1 - START;
+  const newPeak = 1 - (d * d) / (peak + d - START);
+  const s = newPeak / peak;
+  r *= s; g *= s; b *= s;
+  const t = 1 - 1 / (DESAT * (peak - newPeak) + 1);
+  return [r + (newPeak - r) * t, g + (newPeak - g) * t, b + (newPeak - b) * t];
+}
+
+const srgb = (l) => {
+  const c = Math.min(1, Math.max(0, l));
+  return Math.round(255 * (c <= 0.0031308 ? 12.92 * c : 1.055 * c ** (1 / 2.4) - 0.055));
+};
+
+// Linear RGBA floats → sRGB RGBA bytes. Alpha is forced opaque: a realistic
+// capture always has the environment backdrop behind it.
+export function neutralToneMapToSrgb8(src, exposure = 1) {
+  const out = new Uint8ClampedArray(src.length);
+  for (let i = 0; i < src.length; i += 4) {
+    const [r, g, b] = neutral(src[i] * exposure, src[i + 1] * exposure, src[i + 2] * exposure);
+    out[i] = srgb(r); out[i + 1] = srgb(g); out[i + 2] = srgb(b); out[i + 3] = 255;
+  }
+  return out;
+}

package/src/framework/materials/uv.js

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Box-projected UVs, added only for realistic mode. three's anisotropy (brushed
+// metal) builds its tangent frame from UV derivatives, and CAD meshes carry no
+// UVs. Projection is in OBJECT space along each vertex normal's dominant axis, so
+// it rides with the sub-part and never swims. Seams on curved surfaces are
+// acceptable: nothing samples a texture through these UVs — triplanar patterns
+// (patterns.js) ignore them.
+import * as THREE from "three";
+
+export function ensureBoxUVs(geometry, scaleMm = 20) {
+  if (geometry.userData.boxUVs && geometry.attributes.uv) return geometry;
+  const pos = geometry.attributes.position, nrm = geometry.attributes.normal;
+  const uv = new Float32Array(pos.count * 2);
+  for (let i = 0; i < pos.count; i++) {
+    const x = pos.getX(i), y = pos.getY(i), z = pos.getZ(i);
+    const ax = Math.abs(nrm ? nrm.getX(i) : 0), ay = Math.abs(nrm ? nrm.getY(i) : 0), az = Math.abs(nrm ? nrm.getZ(i) : 1);
+    let u, v;
+    if (az >= ax && az >= ay) { u = x; v = y; } else if (ay >= ax) { u = x; v = z; } else { u = y; v = z; }
+    uv[i * 2] = u / scaleMm; uv[i * 2 + 1] = v / scaleMm;
+  }
+  geometry.setAttribute("uv", new THREE.BufferAttribute(uv, 2));
+  geometry.userData.boxUVs = true;
+  return geometry;
+}