partforge 0.121.1 → 0.122.0

package/src/framework/materials/assets.js

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// src/framework/materials/assets.js
+// The ONLY module that turns an asset file name into a URL. `new URL("./assets/x",
+// import.meta.url)` with a LITERAL path is what makes a consuming Vite build emit
+// the file and rewrite the URL — a computed path is invisible to the bundler and
+// ships a 404 (the partforge/geometry incident class). So every file is listed
+// literally, once, here.
+const URLS = {
+  "env-studio.jpg": new URL("./assets/env-studio.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "env-workshop.jpg": new URL("./assets/env-workshop.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "env-print-bed.jpg": new URL("./assets/env-print-bed.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "env-outdoor.jpg": new URL("./assets/env-outdoor.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-paper.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-paper.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-paper-normal.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-paper-normal.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-paper-rough.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-paper-rough.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-maple-color.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-maple-color.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-maple-normal.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-maple-normal.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-pei.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-pei.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-pei-rough.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-pei-rough.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-concrete.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-concrete.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-concrete-rough.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-concrete-rough.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "ground-concrete-normal.jpg": new URL("./assets/ground-concrete-normal.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "pattern-oak-color.jpg": new URL("./assets/pattern-oak-color.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "pattern-oak-normal.jpg": new URL("./assets/pattern-oak-normal.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "pattern-oak-rough.jpg": new URL("./assets/pattern-oak-rough.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "pattern-walnut-color.jpg": new URL("./assets/pattern-walnut-color.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "pattern-walnut-normal.jpg": new URL("./assets/pattern-walnut-normal.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "pattern-walnut-rough.jpg": new URL("./assets/pattern-walnut-rough.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+  "pattern-carbon.jpg": new URL("./assets/pattern-carbon.jpg", import.meta.url).href,
+};
+
+// Single-mask patterns. Wood is a full PBR set named per preset (presets.js
+// `textures`), so it has no entry here.
+export const PATTERN_TEXTURES = { carbon: "pattern-carbon.jpg", concrete: "ground-concrete.jpg" };
+
+export function assetUrl(name) {
+  const url = URLS[name];
+  if (!url) throw new Error(`partforge: unknown material asset "${name}"`);
+  return url;
+}

package/src/framework/materials/contact-shadow.js

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// src/framework/materials/contact-shadow.js
+// A contact shadow for realistic mode (after three's webgl_shadow_contact
+// example): render the casters' depth from BELOW into a target, blur it, and
+// lay it on the ground. Rendered on demand — on geometry change, and at low
+// resolution while an animation moves a sub-part — never every frame.
+//
+// Two layers, like a real shadow: a TIGHT one (high resolution, a millimetre
+// or so of blur, a steep height falloff) that follows the part's own outline
+// where it meets the ground, over a faint SOFT one (low resolution, a blur
+// that scales with the part) that stands in for the ambient darkening around
+// it. The tight layer alone reads as a cut-out; the soft one alone as a blob.
+import * as THREE from "three";
+import { HorizontalBlurShader } from "three/addons/shaders/HorizontalBlurShader.js";
+import { VerticalBlurShader } from "three/addons/shaders/VerticalBlurShader.js";
+
+const LAYERS = [
+  // blurMm: a fixed reach in millimetres; blurFrac: a reach as a fraction of
+  // the shadow plane (so it grows with the part). falloff: the power the
+  // height fade is raised to — higher is denser at contact, thinner above.
+  { name: "soft", resolution: 256, darkness: 0.22, blurFrac: 0.035, falloff: 1.5 },
+  { name: "tight", resolution: 1024, darkness: 0.42, blurMm: 1.2, falloff: 2.5 },
+];
+
+function depthMaterialFor(darkness, falloff) {
+  const m = new THREE.MeshDepthMaterial();
+  m.onBeforeCompile = (shader) => {
+    shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace(
+      "gl_FragColor = vec4( vec3( 1.0 - fragCoordZ ), opacity );",
+      `gl_FragColor = vec4( vec3( 0.0 ), pow( 1.0 - fragCoordZ, ${falloff.toFixed(2)} ) * ${darkness.toFixed(3)} );`,
+    );
+  };
+  m.customProgramCacheKey = () => `pf-contact-${darkness}-${falloff}`;
+  m.depthTest = false;
+  m.depthWrite = false;
+  return m;
+}
+
+export function createContactShadow({ renderer, sizeMm = 400 }) {
+  const group = new THREE.Group();
+  const planeGeo = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(1, 1).rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
+
+  const layers = LAYERS.map((spec, i) => {
+    const rt = new THREE.WebGLRenderTarget(spec.resolution, spec.resolution);
+    rt.texture.generateMipmaps = false;
+    const rtBlur = new THREE.WebGLRenderTarget(spec.resolution, spec.resolution);
+    rtBlur.texture.generateMipmaps = false;
+    // polygonOffset: the ground sits a hair below this plane and writes
+    // depth; at a normal viewing distance that hair is inside the depth
+    // buffer's precision, so without the offset the shadow z-fights it.
+    const plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeo, new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
+      map: rt.texture, opacity: 1, transparent: true, depthWrite: false,
+      polygonOffset: true, polygonOffsetFactor: -1, polygonOffsetUnits: -4 - i,
+    }));
+    plane.renderOrder = 1 + i; // tight over soft
+    group.add(plane);
+    return { spec, rt, rtBlur, plane, depthMaterial: depthMaterialFor(spec.darkness, spec.falloff) };
+  });
+
+  const blurPlane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeo);
+  blurPlane.visible = false;
+  group.add(blurPlane);
+
+  const cam = new THREE.OrthographicCamera(-0.5, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0, 1);
+  cam.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2;
+  group.add(cam);
+
+  const hBlur = new THREE.ShaderMaterial(HorizontalBlurShader); hBlur.depthTest = false;
+  const vBlur = new THREE.ShaderMaterial(VerticalBlurShader); vBlur.depthTest = false;
+
+  // The meshes are scaled; the camera is SIZED. three leaves scale out of a
+  // camera's view matrix, so a camera sized by a scaled parent would see a
+  // 1 mm square (it did: the shadow was empty in every environment).
+  let planeSize = sizeMm;
+  function setSize(size, height = size) {
+    planeSize = size;
+    for (const l of layers) l.plane.scale.set(size, -1, size); // y = -1: rendered from below
+    blurPlane.scale.set(size, 1, size);
+    cam.left = -size / 2; cam.right = size / 2;
+    cam.top = size / 2; cam.bottom = -size / 2;
+    cam.far = height;
+    cam.updateProjectionMatrix();
+  }
+  setSize(sizeMm);
+
+  // The blur plane sits in the shadow group, i.e. in the user's scene, so it
+  // is hidden again even if a blur render throws. three's blur shaders reach
+  // four taps either side, `h` apart in UV: a reach of `mm` millimetres on a
+  // plane `planeSize` across is h = mm / planeSize / 4.
+  function blurPass(layer, mm) {
+    const step = mm / planeSize / 4;
+    blurPlane.visible = true;
+    try {
+      blurPlane.material = hBlur; hBlur.uniforms.tDiffuse.value = layer.rt.texture; hBlur.uniforms.h.value = step;
+      renderer.setRenderTarget(layer.rtBlur); renderer.render(blurPlane, cam);
+      blurPlane.material = vBlur; vBlur.uniforms.tDiffuse.value = layer.rtBlur.texture; vBlur.uniforms.v.value = step;
+      renderer.setRenderTarget(layer.rt); renderer.render(blurPlane, cam);
+    } finally {
+      blurPlane.visible = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // `casters` are the visible sub-part meshes; everything else in `scene` is
+  // hidden for the depth pass so only the part casts. Every mutation here —
+  // to the scene and to the renderer's own state — is captured up front and
+  // restored in `finally`, so a throw mid-render (context loss, a shader
+  // compile failure) never leaves the user's scene with hidden objects, the
+  // depth override material pinned, no background, or the wrong render
+  // target bound.
+  //
+  // While a part moves (lowRes) only the soft layer is redrawn and the tight
+  // one is hidden: an outline left where the part WAS would be wrong, and the
+  // settle render that follows brings it back.
+  function render(scene, casters, { lowRes = false } = {}) {
+    const bg = scene.background;
+    const overrideBefore = scene.overrideMaterial;
+    const clear = renderer.getClearAlpha();
+    const prevRT = renderer.getRenderTarget();
+    const hidden = [];
+    scene.traverseVisible((o) => { if (o.isMesh || o.isLine || o.isLineSegments || o.isSprite) if (!casters.includes(o)) { o.visible = false; hidden.push(o); } });
+    for (const l of layers) l.plane.visible = false;
+    try {
+      scene.background = null;
+      renderer.setClearAlpha(0);
+      for (const l of layers) {
+        if (lowRes && l.spec.name === "tight") continue;
+        scene.overrideMaterial = l.depthMaterial;
+        renderer.setRenderTarget(l.rt);
+        renderer.render(scene, cam);
+        scene.overrideMaterial = overrideBefore;
+        const reach = l.spec.blurMm ?? l.spec.blurFrac * planeSize;
+        blurPass(l, reach);
+        if (!lowRes) blurPass(l, reach * 0.5);
+      }
+    } finally {
+      scene.overrideMaterial = overrideBefore;
+      renderer.setRenderTarget(prevRT);
+      renderer.setClearAlpha(clear);
+      for (const o of hidden) o.visible = true;
+      // After the restore above: the planes are in the scene too, so they were
+      // among `hidden`, and restoring them first would undo this.
+      for (const l of layers) l.plane.visible = !(lowRes && l.spec.name === "tight");
+      scene.background = bg;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    group,
+    render,
+    setSize,
+    dispose() {
+      for (const l of layers) { l.rt.dispose(); l.rtBlur.dispose(); l.plane.material.dispose(); l.depthMaterial.dispose(); }
+      planeGeo.dispose(); hBlur.dispose(); vBlur.dispose();
+    },
+  };
+}

package/src/framework/materials/environment.js

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// src/framework/materials/environment.js
+// One environment "rig": PMREM-filtered lighting from a baked UltraHDR JPEG, a
+// backdrop, a textured ground disc that fades into the backdrop at its rim, and a
+// contact shadow. Loaded lazily the first time an environment is shown; the
+// loaders are injected so this is testable without GL or network.
+import * as THREE from "three";
+import { ENVIRONMENTS } from "./environments.js";
+import { resolveEnvironmentId } from "./resolve.js";
+import { assetUrl } from "./assets.js";
+import { createContactShadow } from "./contact-shadow.js";
+import { createPrintBed } from "./print-bed.js";
+
+const GROUND_RADIUS_FACTOR = 4; // ground disc radius, in part radii
+
+// A ground normal map is OpenGL-format (+Y up, Poly Haven's "nor_gl"), which is
+// what three's tangent-space normal maps expect: a positive normalScale.
+const GROUND_NORMAL_SCALE = 1.5;
+
+// ground.detail: {scale, strength} re-samples the colour map `scale` times
+// finer and multiplies it in at `strength`, so a ground seen up close under a
+// small part keeps crisp grain after the base map's texels have gone soft.
+// `mean` is the map's average linear luminance, so the detail layer darkens
+// and lightens about 1 rather than shifting the ground's overall tone.
+function injectDetail(shader, { scale, strength, mean }) {
+  shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace(
+    "#include <map_fragment>",
+    `#include <map_fragment>
+#ifdef USE_MAP
+  {
+    float pfDl = dot(texture2D(map, vMapUv * ${scale.toFixed(3)}).rgb, vec3(0.3333));
+    diffuseColor.rgb *= mix(1.0, pfDl / ${mean.toFixed(3)}, ${strength.toFixed(3)});
+  }
+#endif`,
+  );
+}
+
+function groundMaterial(tex, rough, normal, { tint, roughness = 1, normalScale = GROUND_NORMAL_SCALE, bed = false, detail }) {
+  const m = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
+    color: tint, map: tex, roughnessMap: rough ?? null, roughness, metalness: 0, transparent: !bed,
+    ...(normal ? { normalMap: normal, normalScale: new THREE.Vector2(normalScale, normalScale) } : {}),
+  });
+  if (bed) {
+    // a build plate has a hard edge: no rim fade
+    if (detail) {
+      m.onBeforeCompile = (shader) => injectDetail(shader, detail);
+      m.customProgramCacheKey = () => "pf-ground-bed-detail";
+    }
+    return m;
+  }
+  // Radial fade to transparent at the rim so the disc melts into the backdrop.
+  m.onBeforeCompile = (shader) => {
+    if (detail) injectDetail(shader, detail);
+    shader.vertexShader = shader.vertexShader
+      .replace("#include <common>", "#include <common>\nvarying vec2 vPfDisc;")
+      .replace("#include <begin_vertex>", "#include <begin_vertex>\nvPfDisc = position.xz;");
+    shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader
+      .replace("#include <common>", "#include <common>\nvarying vec2 vPfDisc;")
+      .replace("#include <dithering_fragment>", "#include <dithering_fragment>\ngl_FragColor.a *= 1.0 - smoothstep(0.35, 0.5, length(vPfDisc));");
+  };
+  m.customProgramCacheKey = () => (detail ? "pf-ground-detail" : "pf-ground");
+  return m;
+}
+
+export async function loadEnvironmentRig(renderer, requestedId, { loadHdr, loadTexture, pmrem, createCanvas }) {
+  const { id } = resolveEnvironmentId(requestedId);
+  const env = ENVIRONMENTS[id];
+  const hdr = await loadHdr(assetUrl(env.hdr));
+  hdr.mapping = THREE.EquirectangularReflectionMapping;
+  let envMap;
+  try { envMap = pmrem.fromEquirectangular(hdr).texture; } catch (e) { hdr.dispose(); throw e; }
+
+  // Every environment draws its own photo, blurred, as the backdrop — so the
+  // equirect stays alive for the rig's life (freed in dispose()).
+  const background = hdr;
+  const backgroundBlurriness = env.blurriness ?? 0.6;
+  const backgroundIntensity = env.backgroundIntensity ?? 1;
+
+  const tex = loadTexture(env.ground.texture);
+  tex.wrapS = tex.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
+  tex.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
+  // Roughness and normal maps are data, not colour: never sRGB-decoded.
+  const dataMap = (file) => {
+    if (!file) return null;
+    const t = loadTexture(file);
+    t.wrapS = t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
+    t.colorSpace = THREE.NoColorSpace;
+    return t;
+  };
+  const rough = dataMap(env.ground.roughnessTexture);
+  const normal = dataMap(env.ground.normalTexture);
+  const shadow = createContactShadow({ renderer, sizeMm: env.ground.sizeMm });
+
+  // env.ground.bed: a standard-size build plate instead of the fading disc.
+  if (env.ground.bed) {
+    const material = groundMaterial(tex, rough, normal, { ...env.ground, bed: true });
+    const bed = createPrintBed({ pei: material, tileMm: env.ground.tileMm ?? env.ground.sizeMm, createCanvas });
+    // An enclosure's LED bar: one hard overhead light, riding with the bed so
+    // it always falls on the part from the same place.
+    let keyLight = null;
+    if (env.keyLight) {
+      keyLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, env.keyLight.intensity);
+      keyLight.position.set(...env.keyLight.direction);
+      bed.object.add(keyLight, keyLight.target);
+    }
+    return {
+      id, exposure: env.exposure, envMap, background, backgroundBlurriness, backgroundIntensity,
+      rotationY: ((env.rotationDeg ?? 0) * Math.PI) / 180,
+      ground: bed.object,
+      shadow,
+      setGround({ y, centerX = 0, centerZ = 0, radius, footprintMm = radius }) {
+        bed.place({ y, centerX, centerZ, footprintMm });
+        shadow.group.position.set(centerX, y, centerZ);
+        // The shadow plane never hangs past the plate's edge into thin air.
+        const s = Math.min(Math.max(radius * 3, 20), bed.sizeMm);
+        shadow.setSize(s, Math.max(radius * 4, 20));
+      },
+      dispose() {
+        envMap.dispose(); hdr.dispose(); tex.dispose(); rough?.dispose(); normal?.dispose();
+        material.dispose(); bed.dispose(); shadow.dispose(); keyLight?.dispose();
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  const discGeo = new THREE.CircleGeometry(0.5, 96).rotateX(-Math.PI / 2);
+  const ground = new THREE.Mesh(discGeo, groundMaterial(tex, rough, normal, env.ground));
+  ground.renderOrder = -1;
+
+  function setGround({ y, centerX = 0, centerZ = 0, radius }) {
+    const r = Math.max(radius * GROUND_RADIUS_FACTOR, env.ground.sizeMm / 2);
+    ground.position.set(centerX, y - 0.01, centerZ);
+    ground.scale.setScalar(r * 2);
+    // Keep the texture at real millimetres however large the disc is.
+    const repeat = (r * 2) / (env.ground.tileMm ?? env.ground.sizeMm);
+    tex.repeat.set(repeat, repeat);
+    if (rough) rough.repeat.set(repeat, repeat);
+    if (normal) normal.repeat.set(repeat, repeat);
+    shadow.group.position.set(centerX, y, centerZ);
+    shadow.setSize(Math.max(radius * 3, 20), Math.max(radius * 4, 20));
+  }
+
+  return {
+    id,
+    exposure: env.exposure,
+    envMap,
+    background,
+    backgroundBlurriness,
+    backgroundIntensity,
+    rotationY: ((env.rotationDeg ?? 0) * Math.PI) / 180,
+    ground,
+    shadow,
+    setGround,
+    dispose() {
+      envMap.dispose(); hdr.dispose(); tex.dispose(); rough?.dispose(); normal?.dispose();
+      discGeo.dispose(); ground.material.dispose(); shadow.dispose();
+    },
+  };
+}

package/src/framework/materials/environments.js

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// src/framework/materials/environments.js
+// Environment records — plain data like presets.js. `hdr` and the ground textures
+// are FILE NAMES under ./assets/, resolved to URLs by assets.js (which is the only
+// module that may use `new URL(..., import.meta.url)`, so this one stays importable
+// by lint and the worker).
+//
+// ground.sizeMm is the smallest the ground disc ever gets (and the shadow's
+// starting size); ground.tileMm, when set, is how many millimetres one repeat of
+// the ground texture covers — defaulting to sizeMm. rotationDeg, when set, turns
+// the environment (lighting and backdrop together) about the vertical axis.
+// ground.roughnessTexture and ground.normalTexture are optional data maps
+// (normal maps OpenGL-format, +Y up) tiled the same way as the colour map;
+// ground.roughness (default 1) scales the roughness map. backgroundIntensity
+// (default 1) dims the drawn backdrop without dimming the light on the part.
+// ground.detail ({scale, strength, mean}) blends the colour map back in at a
+// finer scale so the ground keeps grain up close (environment.js).
+
+export const DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT_ID = "studio";
+
+export const ENVIRONMENTS = {
+  studio: {
+    id: "studio", label: "Studio", exposure: 0.8,
+    hdr: "env-studio.jpg",
+    // Paper 001's fibre relief (normal + roughness) does the work: its colour
+    // map is nearly flat, so without them the sweep read as soft blotches up
+    // close. The detail layer keeps the grain crisp under a small part.
+    ground: {
+      texture: "ground-paper.jpg", normalTexture: "ground-paper-normal.jpg", roughnessTexture: "ground-paper-rough.jpg",
+      normalScale: 0.6, sizeMm: 400, tileMm: 200, tint: 0xf2f2f2,
+      detail: { scale: 5.17, strength: 0.5, mean: 0.9 },
+    },
+    // Turns the studio photo so its two octagonal softboxes glow behind the part
+    // from the viewer's default camera, the classic product-shot backdrop.
+    rotationDeg: 300,
+    blurriness: 0.3,
+  },
+  workshop: {
+    id: "workshop", label: "Workshop", exposure: 0.88,
+    hdr: "env-workshop.jpg",
+    // Unfinished maple: Poly Haven "Oak Veneer 01" lightened and desaturated
+    // at bake time, with its normal map at a gentle strength and NO roughness
+    // map — a flat, fully matte roughness, so the floor never shows a glossy
+    // spot. Tiled at 600 mm (finer grain than the 1.83 m scan, as maple is).
+    ground: {
+      texture: "ground-maple-color.jpg", normalTexture: "ground-maple-normal.jpg",
+      sizeMm: 600, tileMm: 600, roughness: 0.92, normalScale: 0.8, tint: 0xffffff,
+    },
+  },
+  "print-bed": {
+    id: "print-bed", label: "Print bed", exposure: 0.42,
+    // The studio photo re-baked with --contrast: a darker, harsher room, like
+    // the inside of a printer's enclosure.
+    hdr: "env-print-bed.jpg",
+    blurriness: 0.4,
+    backgroundIntensity: 0.6, // the enclosure walls sit darker than the light on the part
+    // A hard overhead light from above and a little in front, like the LED bar
+    // in a printer's enclosure (direction is toward the light, from the bed).
+    keyLight: { intensity: 4.5, direction: [0.4, 1, 0.6] },
+    // bed: a cut-out, standard-size build plate (print-bed.js) with printed
+    // markings, instead of a disc fading into the backdrop. tileMm is one PEI
+    // texture repeat.
+    ground: {
+      texture: "ground-pei.jpg", roughnessTexture: "ground-pei-rough.jpg", sizeMm: 256, tileMm: 128,
+      tint: 0xffffff, bed: true,
+    },
+  },
+  outdoor: {
+    id: "outdoor", label: "Outdoor", exposure: 0.72,
+    hdr: "env-outdoor.jpg",
+    // Tinted to a warm mid-grey: the overcast sky lights an untinted concrete
+    // map near-white and blue. Exposed-aggregate concrete with its own normal
+    // map, tiled at 400 mm so the grain stays crisp (about 0.4 mm a texel)
+    // under a small part seen up close.
+    ground: {
+      texture: "ground-concrete.jpg", roughnessTexture: "ground-concrete-rough.jpg",
+      normalTexture: "ground-concrete-normal.jpg", normalScale: 0.7,
+      sizeMm: 800, tileMm: 400, tint: 0x9e9282,
+      // Micro-grain for close-ups: the same map ~7x finer, blended lightly.
+      detail: { scale: 7.13, strength: 0.245, mean: 0.5 },
+    },
+  },
+};

package/src/framework/materials/patterns.js

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+// The ONE shader-injection module (onBeforeCompile). Everything a future TSL /
+// WebGPU port would have to rewrite lives here and nowhere else.
+//
+// All patterns work in OBJECT space (the sub-part's delivered mesh frame), so
+// they move with the sub-part under animation and never slide when the camera
+// moves. Layer lines additionally map object space through `pfPrintFrame`
+// (print-frame.js: display→export), so they run the way the part will print.
+import * as THREE from "three";
+
+const VERT_DECL = "varying vec3 vPfObjPos;\nvarying vec3 vPfObjNormal;\nvarying vec3 vPfPrintUpView;\nuniform mat4 pfPrintFrame;\n";
+// Wood's triplanar normal map builds its normal in OBJECT space; the fragment
+// stage has no normalMatrix, so its three columns ride along as varyings.
+const VERT_DECL_NM = "varying vec3 vPfNmX;\nvarying vec3 vPfNmY;\nvarying vec3 vPfNmZ;\n";
+const VERT_BODY_NM = "vPfNmX = normalMatrix[0];\nvPfNmY = normalMatrix[1];\nvPfNmZ = normalMatrix[2];\n";
+// vPfPrintUpView: the print direction (export +Z) in VIEW space — the gradient
+// of the layer height, carried by normalMatrix like any other normal — so the
+// layer-line normal map can tilt normals along it (identity print frame for the
+// other patterns, which never read it).
+const VERT_BODY = "vPfObjPos = position;\nvPfObjNormal = normal;\nvPfPrintUpView = normalMatrix * vec3(pfPrintFrame[0].z, pfPrintFrame[1].z, pfPrintFrame[2].z);\n";
+
+const FRAG_DECL = `
+varying vec3 vPfObjPos;
+varying vec3 vPfObjNormal;
+varying vec3 vPfPrintUpView;
+uniform float pfPatternScale;
+uniform mat4 pfPrintFrame;
+uniform sampler2D pfPatternMap;
+float pfHash(vec3 p) { p = fract(p * 0.3183099 + 0.1); p *= 17.0; return fract(p.x * p.y * p.z * (p.x + p.y + p.z)); }
+float pfNoise(vec3 x) {
+  vec3 i = floor(x); vec3 f = fract(x); f = f * f * (3.0 - 2.0 * f);
+  return mix(mix(mix(pfHash(i), pfHash(i + vec3(1,0,0)), f.x), mix(pfHash(i + vec3(0,1,0)), pfHash(i + vec3(1,1,0)), f.x), f.y),
+             mix(mix(pfHash(i + vec3(0,0,1)), pfHash(i + vec3(1,0,1)), f.x), mix(pfHash(i + vec3(0,1,1)), pfHash(i + vec3(1,1,1)), f.x), f.y), f.z);
+}
+vec3 pfTriplanar(sampler2D map, vec3 p, vec3 n, float scale) {
+  vec3 w = pow(abs(normalize(n)), vec3(4.0)); w /= (w.x + w.y + w.z);
+  return texture2D(map, p.yz / scale).rgb * w.x + texture2D(map, p.xz / scale).rgb * w.y + texture2D(map, p.xy / scale).rgb * w.z;
+}
+`;
+
+// Extra declarations only the wood kind needs: its normal and roughness maps and
+// the normal-matrix varyings. Kept out of FRAG_DECL so the other kinds don't bind
+// two empty samplers.
+const FRAG_DECL_WOOD = `
+uniform sampler2D pfNormalMap;
+uniform sampler2D pfRoughMap;
+uniform float pfRoughMean;
+uniform float pfNormalStrength;
+varying vec3 vPfNmX;
+varying vec3 vPfNmY;
+varying vec3 vPfNmZ;
+vec3 pfTriplanarWeights(vec3 n) { vec3 w = pow(abs(n), vec3(4.0)); return w / (w.x + w.y + w.z); }
+// Triplanar tangent-space normal map, whiteout-blended (Golus, "Normal Mapping
+// for a Triplanar Shader"). Each projection's map is read as a height field over
+// the two object axes its UVs run along, so its tangent normal (x, y) is a slope
+// along those axes and z points along the face's own axis — the whiteout form
+// (t.xy + n.<uv axes>, |t.z| * n.<face axis>) needs no per-side sign flips: on
+// the back face n.<face axis> is negative and the swizzle follows the same height
+// field, so light still catches the same grain. OpenGL-format maps (+Y up), the
+// Poly Haven "nor_gl" convention. Returns an OBJECT-space unit normal.
+vec3 pfTriplanarNormal(vec3 p, vec3 n, float scale) {
+  vec3 w = pfTriplanarWeights(n);
+  vec3 tx = texture2D(pfNormalMap, p.yz / scale).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0;
+  vec3 ty = texture2D(pfNormalMap, p.xz / scale).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0;
+  vec3 tz = texture2D(pfNormalMap, p.xy / scale).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0;
+  tx.xy *= pfNormalStrength; ty.xy *= pfNormalStrength; tz.xy *= pfNormalStrength;
+  tx = vec3(tx.xy + n.yz, abs(tx.z) * n.x);   // uv = (y, z), face axis x
+  ty = vec3(ty.xy + n.xz, abs(ty.z) * n.y);   // uv = (x, z), face axis y
+  tz = vec3(tz.xy + n.xy, abs(tz.z) * n.z);   // uv = (x, y), face axis z
+  return normalize(tx.zxy * w.x + ty.xzy * w.y + tz.xyz * w.z);
+}
+`;
+
+// Per-kind fragment code, injected after <roughnessmap_fragment> so it can
+// modulate both diffuseColor (already written by <map_fragment>) and roughnessFactor.
+const FRAG_BODY = {
+  "layer-lines": `
+  {
+    float h = (pfPrintFrame * vec4(vPfObjPos, 1.0)).z / pfPatternScale;
+    float ridge = abs(fract(h) - 0.5) * 2.0;            // 0 at a layer seam, 1 mid-layer
+    float groove = smoothstep(0.0, 0.35, ridge);
+    // Anti-alias: fwidth(h) is layers per pixel. Where a layer spans fewer
+    // than ~6 px the band fades to its mean over a period (0.825: the groove
+    // ramps over 35% of it, the rest is flat), and past ~2.5 px it is gone —
+    // point-sampling finer layers than that is what aliased into moiré.
+    groove = mix(0.825, groove, 1.0 - smoothstep(0.16, 0.4, fwidth(h)));
+    diffuseColor.rgb *= mix(0.9, 1.0, groove); // the normal map (FRAG_NORMAL) carries most of the relief
+    roughnessFactor = clamp(roughnessFactor + (1.0 - groove) * 0.18, 0.0, 1.0);
+    // Filament mottling: a fine grain (~0.17 mm) over slow blotches (~2 mm),
+    // fixed to the part, so a print doesn't read as flat injection-moulded plastic.
+    float mottle = pfNoise(vPfObjPos * 6.0) * 0.6 + pfNoise(vPfObjPos * 0.51) * 0.4;
+    diffuseColor.rgb *= mix(0.893, 1.047, mottle);
+    roughnessFactor = clamp(roughnessFactor + (mottle - 0.5) * 0.084, 0.0, 1.0);
+  }`,
+  "sls-grain": `
+  {
+    float g = pfNoise(vPfObjPos / pfPatternScale);
+    diffuseColor.rgb *= mix(0.92, 1.04, g);
+    roughnessFactor = clamp(roughnessFactor + (g - 0.5) * 0.1, 0.0, 1.0);
+  }`,
+  // Wood is a full PBR set sampled triplanar in object space: the colour map
+  // (sRGB, so already linear here) multiplies diffuseColor — white unless the
+  // author tinted it, physical.js — and the roughness map varies roughnessFactor
+  // around the preset's value (divided by the map's own mean, so the preset sets
+  // the average). Mipmaps (and RepeatWrapping) do the far-distance filtering.
+  wood: `
+  {
+    vec3 pfN = normalize(vPfObjNormal);
+    diffuseColor.rgb *= pfTriplanar(pfPatternMap, vPfObjPos, pfN, pfPatternScale);
+    float r = pfTriplanar(pfRoughMap, vPfObjPos, pfN, pfPatternScale).g;
+    roughnessFactor = clamp(roughnessFactor * r / pfRoughMean, 0.02, 1.0);
+  }`,
+  // Carbon samples a luminance MASK (raw, not sRGB-decoded: physical.js) and
+  // modulates around the texture's own mean (0.171; its spread is ~0.06), so a
+  // mipmapped far swatch keeps its preset colour and the weave reads at full
+  // contrast up close.
+  carbon: `
+  {
+    vec3 t = pfTriplanar(pfPatternMap, vPfObjPos, vPfObjNormal, pfPatternScale);
+    float l = dot(t, vec3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));
+    float n = clamp((l - 0.171) / 0.06, -1.0, 1.0);
+    diffuseColor.rgb *= 1.0 + n * 0.75;
+    roughnessFactor = clamp(roughnessFactor - n * 0.2, 0.0, 1.0);
+  }`,
+  concrete: `
+  {
+    vec3 t = pfTriplanar(pfPatternMap, vPfObjPos, vPfObjNormal, pfPatternScale);
+    diffuseColor.rgb *= t * 1.4;
+  }`,
+};
+
+// Per-kind NORMAL perturbation, injected after <normal_fragment_maps> (where the
+// view-space \`normal\` is final). Layer lines are a procedural normal map: each
+// layer is a round bead, so across one layer the surface normal swings from
+// facing down (bottom of the bead) through straight out to facing up, along
+// the print direction projected onto the surface. Faces parallel to the layers
+// (tops and bottoms) get no ridges, as on a real print. Same fwidth fade as the
+// colour bands, so far-away layers don't alias.
+const FRAG_NORMAL = {
+  "layer-lines": `
+  {
+    float h = (pfPrintFrame * vec4(vPfObjPos, 1.0)).z / pfPatternScale;
+    float aa = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.16, 0.4, fwidth(h));
+    float t = fract(h) * 2.0 - 1.0;                       // -1 at a seam, 0 bead crest, 1 next seam
+    float slope = clamp(t / sqrt(max(1.0 - t * t, 0.04)), -3.0, 3.0);
+    vec3 up = normalize(vPfPrintUpView);
+    // NOT normalised: its length is how steeply the surface cuts across the
+    // layers (1 on a vertical wall, 0 on a face parallel to them), so ridges fade
+    // out on tops and bottoms. Normalising it once made a flat top pick up a
+    // full-strength tilt in a direction set by rounding noise, flipping sign
+    // wherever the face sat on a layer boundary — a visible patch.
+    vec3 along = up - normal * dot(normal, up);
+    normal = normalize(normal + along * slope * 0.35 * aa);
+  }`,
+  // Wood replaces the view-space normal with its triplanar normal map, built in
+  // object space and carried to view space through the normal matrix. A
+  // double-sided back face is flipped the way <normal_fragment_begin> flips it.
+  wood: `
+  {
+    vec3 pfObjN = pfTriplanarNormal(vPfObjPos, normalize(vPfObjNormal), pfPatternScale);
+    normal = normalize(mat3(vPfNmX, vPfNmY, vPfNmZ) * pfObjN);
+    #ifdef DOUBLE_SIDED
+      normal *= faceDirection;
+    #endif
+  }`,
+};
+
+export function applyPattern(material, { kind, scale = 1, printFrame, texture, normalMap, roughnessMap, roughnessMean = 0.5, normalScale = 1 } = {}) {
+  if (!kind || !FRAG_BODY[kind]) return material;
+  const wood = kind === "wood";
+  const uniforms = {
+    pfPatternScale: { value: scale },
+    pfPrintFrame: { value: new THREE.Matrix4().fromArray(printFrame ?? new THREE.Matrix4().toArray()) },
+    pfPatternMap: { value: texture ?? null },
+    ...(wood ? {
+      pfNormalMap: { value: normalMap ?? null },
+      pfRoughMap: { value: roughnessMap ?? null },
+      pfRoughMean: { value: roughnessMean },
+      pfNormalStrength: { value: normalScale },
+    } : {}),
+  };
+  material.userData.patternUniforms = uniforms;
+  material.onBeforeCompile = (shader) => {
+    Object.assign(shader.uniforms, uniforms);
+    shader.vertexShader = shader.vertexShader
+      .replace("#include <common>", `#include <common>\n${VERT_DECL}${wood ? VERT_DECL_NM : ""}`)
+      .replace("#include <begin_vertex>", `#include <begin_vertex>\n${VERT_BODY}${wood ? VERT_BODY_NM : ""}`);
+    shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader
+      .replace("#include <common>", `#include <common>\n${FRAG_DECL}${wood ? FRAG_DECL_WOOD : ""}`)
+      .replace("#include <roughnessmap_fragment>", `#include <roughnessmap_fragment>\n${FRAG_BODY[kind]}`)
+      .replace("#include <normal_fragment_maps>", `#include <normal_fragment_maps>\n${FRAG_NORMAL[kind] ?? ""}`);
+  };
+  material.customProgramCacheKey = () => `pf-pattern:${kind}`;
+  material.needsUpdate = true;
+  return material;
+}