matterviz 0.3.4 → 0.3.6

package/dist/src/lib/fermi-surface/FermiSurfaceScene.svelte

@@ -0,0 +1,794 @@
+<script lang="ts">
+  import type { BrillouinZoneData } from '$lib/brillouin'
+  import { AXIS_COLORS, NEG_AXIS_COLORS } from '$lib/colors'
+  import type { Matrix4Tuple, Vec3 } from '$lib/math'
+  import * as math from '$lib/math'
+  import type { CameraProjection } from '$lib/settings'
+  import { DEFAULTS } from '$lib/settings'
+  import { Arrow, Cylinder } from '$lib/structure'
+  import { T, useThrelte } from '@threlte/core'
+  import * as extras from '@threlte/extras'
+  import * as d3_sc from 'd3-scale-chromatic'
+  import type { ComponentProps } from 'svelte'
+  import { SvelteMap } from 'svelte/reactivity'
+  import type { Camera, Scene } from 'three'
+  import {
+    BackSide,
+    BufferAttribute,
+    BufferGeometry,
+    Color,
+    DoubleSide,
+    FrontSide,
+    Matrix4,
+    Plane,
+    Vector3,
+  } from 'three'
+  import * as constants from './constants'
+  import { IDENTITY_4x4, OH_SYMMETRY_MATRICES } from './symmetry'
+  import type {
+    ColorProperty,
+    FermiHoverData,
+    FermiSurfaceData,
+    Isosurface,
+    RepresentationMode,
+  } from './types'
+
+  // Threlte pointer event type for mesh interactions
+  type ThreltePointerEvent = { point: Vector3; nativeEvent: PointerEvent }
+
+  let {
+    fermi_data = $bindable(),
+    bz_data = $bindable(),
+    camera_position = $bindable(),
+    camera_projection = $bindable(`perspective`),
+    // Fermi surface styling
+    color_property = `band`,
+    color_scale = `interpolateViridis`,
+    representation = `solid`,
+    surface_opacity = $bindable(0.8),
+    selected_bands,
+    // BZ styling
+    show_bz = true,
+    bz_color = `#888888`,
+    bz_opacity = 0.1,
+    bz_edge_color = `#333333`,
+    bz_edge_width = 0.02,
+    show_vectors = true,
+    tile_bz = false,
+    // Clipping plane
+    clip_enabled = false,
+    clip_axis = `z`,
+    clip_position = 0,
+    clip_flip = false,
+    vector_scale = 1.0,
+    // Camera controls
+    rotation_damping = DEFAULTS.structure.rotation_damping,
+    max_zoom = DEFAULTS.structure.max_zoom,
+    min_zoom = DEFAULTS.structure.min_zoom,
+    rotate_speed = DEFAULTS.structure.rotate_speed,
+    zoom_speed = DEFAULTS.structure.zoom_speed,
+    pan_speed = DEFAULTS.structure.pan_speed,
+    zoom_to_cursor = DEFAULTS.structure.zoom_to_cursor,
+    fov = DEFAULTS.structure.fov,
+    initial_zoom = DEFAULTS.structure.initial_zoom,
+    ambient_light = DEFAULTS.structure.ambient_light,
+    directional_light = DEFAULTS.structure.directional_light,
+    gizmo = DEFAULTS.structure.show_gizmo,
+    auto_rotate = DEFAULTS.structure.auto_rotate,
+    camera_is_moving = $bindable(false),
+    scene = $bindable(),
+    camera = $bindable(),
+    hover_data = $bindable<FermiHoverData | null>(null),
+  }: {
+    fermi_data?: FermiSurfaceData
+    bz_data?: BrillouinZoneData
+    camera_position?: Vec3 | undefined
+    camera_projection?: CameraProjection
+    color_property?: ColorProperty
+    color_scale?: string
+    representation?: RepresentationMode
+    surface_opacity?: number
+    selected_bands?: number[]
+    show_bz?: boolean
+    bz_color?: string
+    bz_opacity?: number
+    bz_edge_color?: string
+    bz_edge_width?: number
+    show_vectors?: boolean
+    tile_bz?: boolean
+    clip_enabled?: boolean
+    clip_axis?: `x` | `y` | `z`
+    clip_position?: number
+    clip_flip?: boolean
+    vector_scale?: number
+    rotation_damping?: number
+    max_zoom?: number
+    min_zoom?: number
+    rotate_speed?: number
+    zoom_speed?: number
+    pan_speed?: number
+    zoom_to_cursor?: boolean
+    fov?: number
+    initial_zoom?: number
+    ambient_light?: number
+    directional_light?: number
+    gizmo?: boolean | ComponentProps<typeof extras.Gizmo>
+    auto_rotate?: number
+    camera_is_moving?: boolean
+    scene?: Scene
+    camera?: Camera
+    hover_data?: FermiHoverData | null
+  } = $props()
+
+  const threlte = useThrelte()
+
+  // Compute scene size for clipping (also used for camera positioning later)
+  function get_scene_size(): number {
+    if (!fermi_data?.k_lattice) return 10
+    const mags = fermi_data.k_lattice.map((vec) => Math.hypot(...vec))
+    return mags.reduce((sum, mag) => sum + mag, 0) / 3
+  }
+
+  // Compute clipping plane based on axis and position
+  // Plane equation: dot(normal, point) + constant >= 0 means point is visible
+  const clip_plane = $derived.by(() => {
+    if (!clip_enabled) return null
+
+    const axis_idx = { x: 0, y: 1, z: 2 }[clip_axis]
+    const normal_arr: Vec3 = [0, 0, 0]
+    normal_arr[axis_idx] = clip_flip ? -1 : 1
+
+    const scaled_position = clip_position * get_scene_size()
+    // constant = -position for normal case (keep points >= position)
+    // constant = +position for flipped case (keep points <= position)
+    const constant = clip_flip ? scaled_position : -scaled_position
+
+    return new Plane(new Vector3(...normal_arr), constant)
+  })
+
+  // Apply clipping plane to renderer
+  $effect(() => {
+    if (!threlte.renderer) return
+
+    if (clip_plane) {
+      threlte.renderer.clippingPlanes = [clip_plane]
+      threlte.renderer.localClippingEnabled = true
+    } else {
+      threlte.renderer.clippingPlanes = []
+      threlte.renderer.localClippingEnabled = false
+    }
+  })
+
+  $effect(() => {
+    scene = threlte.scene
+    camera = threlte.camera.current
+    if (threlte.renderer) {
+      // Enable object sorting for proper depth ordering of transparent surfaces
+      threlte.renderer.sortObjects = true
+      Object.assign(threlte.renderer.domElement, { __renderer: threlte.renderer })
+    }
+  })
+
+  extras.interactivity()
+
+  // Get color interpolator from d3
+  const get_interpolator = (name: string): (t: number) => string => {
+    const fn = d3_sc[name as keyof typeof d3_sc]
+    return typeof fn === `function` ? fn : d3_sc.interpolateViridis
+  }
+
+  // Filter surfaces based on selected bands
+  let visible_surfaces = $derived(
+    fermi_data?.isosurfaces.filter((surface) =>
+      selected_bands === undefined || selected_bands.includes(surface.band_index)
+    ) ?? [],
+  )
+
+  // Compute average vertex distance from origin for each surface (used for render ordering)
+  // Smaller distance = inner surface = render first (lower renderOrder)
+  // Larger distance = outer surface = render last (higher renderOrder)
+  function compute_surface_radius(surface: Isosurface): number {
+    if (surface.vertices.length === 0) return 0
+    let sum = 0
+    for (const vertex of surface.vertices) {
+      sum += Math.hypot(vertex[0], vertex[1], vertex[2])
+    }
+    return sum / surface.vertices.length
+  }
+
+  // Map from surface to its render order based on size (inner surfaces first)
+  let surface_render_orders = $derived.by((): Map<Isosurface, number> => {
+    const order_map = new SvelteMap<Isosurface, number>()
+    if (visible_surfaces.length === 0) return order_map
+
+    // Compute radius for each surface and sort by it
+    const surfaces_with_radius = visible_surfaces.map((surface) => ({
+      surface,
+      radius: compute_surface_radius(surface),
+    }))
+    surfaces_with_radius.sort((a, b) => a.radius - b.radius)
+
+    // Assign render order: smaller radius (inner) = lower order = rendered first
+    for (let idx = 0; idx < surfaces_with_radius.length; idx++) {
+      order_map.set(surfaces_with_radius[idx].surface, idx)
+    }
+    return order_map
+  })
+
+  // Compute property range for color scaling
+  let property_range = $derived.by((): [number, number] => {
+    if (color_property !== `velocity` && color_property !== `custom`) {
+      return [0, 1]
+    }
+    let [min_val, max_val] = [Infinity, -Infinity]
+    for (const surface of visible_surfaces) {
+      if (!surface.properties) continue
+      for (const prop of surface.properties) {
+        if (prop < min_val) min_val = prop
+        if (prop > max_val) max_val = prop
+      }
+    }
+    if (min_val === Infinity) return [0, 1]
+    return [min_val, max_val]
+  })
+
+  // Get color for a surface/vertex
+  function get_surface_color(surface: Isosurface, vertex_idx?: number): string {
+    if (color_property === `band`) {
+      return constants.BAND_COLORS[surface.band_index % constants.BAND_COLORS.length]
+    }
+    if (
+      (color_property === `velocity` || color_property === `custom`) &&
+      surface.properties &&
+      vertex_idx !== undefined
+    ) {
+      const prop = surface.properties[vertex_idx]
+      const [min_val, max_val] = property_range
+      const normalized = max_val > min_val
+        ? (prop - min_val) / (max_val - min_val)
+        : 0.5
+      return get_interpolator(color_scale)(normalized)
+    }
+    // Spin coloring
+    if (color_property === `spin` && surface.spin) {
+      return surface.spin === `up` ? `#e41a1c` : `#377eb8`
+    }
+    return constants.BAND_COLORS[surface.band_index % constants.BAND_COLORS.length]
+  }
+
+  // Create geometry for an isosurface
+  function create_isosurface_geometry(
+    surface: Isosurface,
+  ): { geometry: BufferGeometry; dispose: () => void } | null {
+    if (surface.vertices.length === 0 || surface.faces.length === 0) return null
+
+    const positions: number[] = []
+    const normals: number[] = []
+    const colors: number[] = []
+
+    const use_vertex_colors = color_property === `velocity` ||
+      color_property === `custom`
+
+    const n_vertices = surface.vertices.length
+
+    for (const face of surface.faces) {
+      if (face.length < 3) continue
+
+      // Fan triangulation: for polygon with N vertices, create N-2 triangles
+      // e.g. quad [0,1,2,3] becomes triangles [0,1,2] and [0,2,3]
+      for (let fan_idx = 1; fan_idx < face.length - 1; fan_idx++) {
+        const idx0 = face[0]
+        const idx1 = face[fan_idx]
+        const idx2 = face[fan_idx + 1]
+
+        // Validate face indices are within bounds (protects against malformed JSON files)
+        if (
+          idx0 < 0 || idx0 >= n_vertices ||
+          idx1 < 0 || idx1 >= n_vertices ||
+          idx2 < 0 || idx2 >= n_vertices
+        ) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        const v0 = surface.vertices[idx0]
+        const v1 = surface.vertices[idx1]
+        const v2 = surface.vertices[idx2]
+
+        positions.push(...v0, ...v1, ...v2)
+
+        // Use per-vertex normals if available, otherwise compute face normal
+        if (surface.normals && surface.normals.length > 0) {
+          const n0 = surface.normals[idx0] ?? [0, 0, 1]
+          const n1 = surface.normals[idx1] ?? [0, 0, 1]
+          const n2 = surface.normals[idx2] ?? [0, 0, 1]
+          normals.push(...n0, ...n1, ...n2)
+        } else {
+          const e1: Vec3 = math.subtract(v1, v0)
+          const e2: Vec3 = math.subtract(v2, v0)
+          const normal = math.cross_3d(e1, e2)
+          const len = Math.hypot(...normal)
+          const unit_normal = len > 1e-10 ? normal.map((coord) => coord / len) : [0, 0, 1]
+          normals.push(...unit_normal, ...unit_normal, ...unit_normal)
+        }
+
+        // Per-vertex colors for this triangle
+        if (use_vertex_colors) {
+          for (const vert_idx of [idx0, idx1, idx2]) {
+            const color_str = get_surface_color(surface, vert_idx)
+            const color = new Color(color_str)
+            colors.push(color.r, color.g, color.b)
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const geometry = new BufferGeometry()
+    geometry.setAttribute(
+      `position`,
+      new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(positions), 3),
+    )
+    geometry.setAttribute(`normal`, new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(normals), 3))
+
+    if (use_vertex_colors) {
+      geometry.setAttribute(`color`, new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(colors), 3))
+    }
+
+    geometry.computeBoundingSphere()
+
+    return { geometry, dispose: () => geometry.dispose() }
+  }
+
+  // Memoized geometry cache - pre-compute geometries to avoid recomputation on every render
+  type GeometryData = { geometry: BufferGeometry; dispose: () => void }
+  let geometry_cache = $derived.by((): Map<string, GeometryData | null> => {
+    const cache = new SvelteMap<string, GeometryData | null>()
+    for (let idx = 0; idx < visible_surfaces.length; idx++) {
+      const surface = visible_surfaces[idx]
+      const key = `${surface.band_index}-${surface.spin}-${idx}`
+      cache.set(key, create_isosurface_geometry(surface))
+    }
+    return cache
+  })
+
+  // Cleanup geometries when cache changes
+  $effect(() => {
+    const current_cache = geometry_cache
+    return () => {
+      for (const geo_data of current_cache.values()) {
+        geo_data?.dispose()
+      }
+    }
+  })
+
+  // Count total triangles and auto-disable tiling for very large surfaces
+  let total_triangles = $derived(
+    visible_surfaces.reduce((sum, surface) => sum + surface.faces.length, 0),
+  )
+  let effective_tile_bz = $derived(
+    tile_bz && total_triangles < constants.MAX_TRIANGLES_FOR_TILING,
+  )
+
+  // Warn user when tiling is auto-disabled
+  $effect(() => {
+    if (tile_bz && !effective_tile_bz && total_triangles > 0) {
+      console.warn(
+        `Fermi surface has ${total_triangles} triangles, auto-disabled BZ tiling for performance`,
+      )
+    }
+  })
+
+  // Compute rotation target from surfaces or BZ
+  const rotation_target = $derived.by((): Vec3 => {
+    if (bz_data?.vertices && bz_data.vertices.length > 0) {
+      const sum = bz_data.vertices.reduce(
+        (acc, vert) => math.add(acc, vert),
+        [0, 0, 0] as Vec3,
+      )
+      return math.scale(sum, 1 / bz_data.vertices.length)
+    }
+    return [0, 0, 0]
+  })
+
+  // Scene size for camera positioning (uses helper function defined earlier)
+  const scene_size = $derived(get_scene_size())
+
+  const computed_camera_position = $derived.by(
+    () =>
+      camera_position || ([10, 3, 8].map((coord) =>
+        coord * Math.max(1, scene_size)
+      ) as Vec3),
+  )
+
+  const gizmo_props = $derived({
+    background: { enabled: false },
+    className: `responsive-gizmo`,
+    ...Object.fromEntries(
+      [...AXIS_COLORS, ...NEG_AXIS_COLORS].map(([axis, color, hover]) => [
+        axis,
+        {
+          color,
+          labelColor: `#111`,
+          opacity: axis.startsWith(`n`) ? 0.9 : 0.8,
+          hover: {
+            color: hover,
+            labelColor: `#222`,
+            opacity: axis.startsWith(`n`) ? 1 : 0.9,
+          },
+        },
+      ]),
+    ),
+    ...(typeof gizmo === `object` ? gizmo : {}),
+    offset: { left: 5, bottom: 5 },
+  })
+
+  const is_ortho = $derived(camera_projection === `orthographic`)
+  const orbit_controls_props = $derived({
+    position: [0, 0, 0],
+    target: rotation_target,
+    enableRotate: rotate_speed > 0,
+    rotateSpeed: rotate_speed,
+    enableZoom: zoom_speed > 0,
+    zoomSpeed: is_ortho ? zoom_speed * 2 : zoom_speed,
+    zoomToCursor: zoom_to_cursor,
+    enablePan: pan_speed > 0,
+    panSpeed: pan_speed,
+    maxZoom: max_zoom,
+    minZoom: min_zoom,
+    autoRotate: Boolean(auto_rotate),
+    autoRotateSpeed: auto_rotate,
+    enableDamping: Boolean(rotation_damping),
+    dampingFactor: rotation_damping,
+    onstart: () => (camera_is_moving = true),
+    onend: () => (camera_is_moving = false),
+  })
+
+  const vector_colors = [`red`, `green`, `blue`]
+  const vector_labels = [`b₁`, `b₂`, `b₃`]
+
+  // Create BZ geometry
+  const bz_geometry = $derived.by(() => {
+    if (!bz_data || bz_data.faces.length === 0) return null
+
+    const positions: number[] = []
+    const normals: number[] = []
+
+    for (const face of bz_data.faces) {
+      if (face.length < 3) continue
+
+      for (let face_idx = 1; face_idx < face.length - 1; face_idx++) {
+        const indices = [face[0], face[face_idx], face[face_idx + 1]]
+        if (indices.some((idx) => idx < 0 || idx >= bz_data.vertices.length)) continue
+        const [v0, v1, v2] = indices.map((idx) => bz_data.vertices[idx])
+        positions.push(...v0, ...v1, ...v2)
+
+        const e1: Vec3 = math.subtract(v1, v0)
+        const e2: Vec3 = math.subtract(v2, v0)
+        const normal_vec = math.cross_3d(e1, e2)
+        const len = Math.hypot(...normal_vec)
+        const norm = len > 1e-10 ? normal_vec.map((coord) => coord / len) : [0, 0, 0]
+        normals.push(...norm, ...norm, ...norm)
+      }
+    }
+
+    const geometry = new BufferGeometry()
+    geometry.setAttribute(
+      `position`,
+      new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(positions), 3),
+    )
+    geometry.setAttribute(`normal`, new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(normals), 3))
+    geometry.computeBoundingSphere()
+    return geometry
+  })
+
+  $effect(() => {
+    const prev_geometry = bz_geometry
+    return () => prev_geometry?.dispose()
+  })
+
+  // Get material props for two-pass transparent rendering
+  // Pass 1 (back faces): renders interior/back of surfaces first
+  // Pass 2 (front faces): renders exterior/front of surfaces on top
+  // This avoids z-fighting while showing both sides correctly
+  const get_material_props = (
+    surface_color: string,
+    use_vertex_colors: boolean,
+    surface_idx: number,
+    pass: `front` | `back`,
+  ) => {
+    const is_transparent = surface_opacity < 1
+    const base = {
+      transparent: is_transparent,
+      opacity: surface_opacity,
+      // Two-pass: back faces first (pass=back), front faces second (pass=front)
+      // For opaque: just use DoubleSide
+      side: is_transparent ? (pass === `back` ? BackSide : FrontSide) : DoubleSide,
+      depthWrite: true,
+      depthTest: true,
+      // Polygon offset helps separate overlapping geometry
+      polygonOffset: true,
+      polygonOffsetFactor: 1 + surface_idx * 0.5,
+      polygonOffsetUnits: 1 + surface_idx * 0.5,
+    }
+
+    if (use_vertex_colors) {
+      return { ...base, vertexColors: true }
+    }
+    return { ...base, color: surface_color }
+  }
+
+  // Compute inverse of k_lattice for Cartesian->fractional conversion (cached)
+  const k_lattice_inv = $derived.by(() => {
+    if (!fermi_data?.k_lattice) return null
+    try {
+      return math.matrix_inverse_3x3(fermi_data.k_lattice)
+    } catch {
+      return null
+    }
+  })
+
+  // Throttle state for pointer move events to avoid O(n) vertex lookups causing jank
+  let last_hover_time = 0
+
+  // Convert Cartesian k-coordinates to fractional (reciprocal lattice units)
+  // Returns null if k_lattice is unavailable or inversion failed
+  function cartesian_to_fractional(cart: Vec3): Vec3 | null {
+    if (!k_lattice_inv) return null
+    return math.mat3x3_vec3_multiply(k_lattice_inv, cart)
+  }
+
+  // Find index of nearest vertex to a point in a surface
+  function find_nearest_vertex(surface: Isosurface, point: Vec3): number {
+    let [min_dist, nearest_idx] = [Infinity, 0]
+    for (let idx = 0; idx < surface.vertices.length; idx++) {
+      const vertex = surface.vertices[idx]
+      const dist = Math.hypot(
+        point[0] - vertex[0],
+        point[1] - vertex[1],
+        point[2] - vertex[2],
+      )
+      if (dist < min_dist) {
+        min_dist = dist
+        nearest_idx = idx
+      }
+    }
+    return nearest_idx
+  }
+
+  // Create hover data from pointer event on a surface
+  function create_hover_data(
+    event: ThreltePointerEvent,
+    surface: Isosurface,
+    surface_color: string,
+    sym_idx: number,
+    sym_matrix: Matrix4Tuple,
+  ): FermiHoverData {
+    // event.point is in world space (after sym_matrix transformation)
+    const position_cartesian: Vec3 = [event.point.x, event.point.y, event.point.z]
+    const position_fractional = cartesian_to_fractional(position_cartesian)
+
+    // Transform world-space point to local space for nearest-vertex lookup
+    // surface.vertices are in local space (raw geometry before sym_matrix)
+    const local_point = event.point.clone()
+    const inv_matrix = new Matrix4().fromArray(sym_matrix).invert()
+    local_point.applyMatrix4(inv_matrix)
+    const local_position: Vec3 = [local_point.x, local_point.y, local_point.z]
+
+    // Find nearest vertex for property lookup (in local space)
+    const nearest_idx = find_nearest_vertex(surface, local_position)
+    const property_value = surface.properties?.[nearest_idx]
+    const has_velocities = fermi_data?.metadata?.has_velocities
+    const property_name = property_value != null
+      ? (has_velocities ? `velocity` : `custom`)
+      : undefined
+
+    const { clientX, clientY } = event.nativeEvent
+    return {
+      band_index: surface.band_index,
+      spin: surface.spin,
+      position_cartesian,
+      position_fractional,
+      screen_position: { x: clientX, y: clientY },
+      surface_color,
+      property_value,
+      property_name,
+      is_tiled: effective_tile_bz,
+      symmetry_index: sym_idx,
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Throttled handler for pointer move events
+  // Skips expensive nearest-vertex lookups if called too frequently
+  function handle_pointer_move(
+    event: ThreltePointerEvent,
+    surface: Isosurface,
+    surface_color: string,
+    sym_idx: number,
+    sym_matrix: Matrix4Tuple,
+  ): void {
+    const now = performance.now()
+    if (now - last_hover_time < constants.HOVER_THROTTLE_MS) return
+    last_hover_time = now
+    hover_data = create_hover_data(event, surface, surface_color, sym_idx, sym_matrix)
+  }
+</script>
+
+{#if camera_projection === `perspective`}
+  <T.PerspectiveCamera makeDefault position={computed_camera_position} {fov}>
+    <extras.OrbitControls {...orbit_controls_props}>
+      {#if gizmo}<extras.Gizmo {...gizmo_props} />{/if}
+    </extras.OrbitControls>
+  </T.PerspectiveCamera>
+{:else}
+  <T.OrthographicCamera
+    makeDefault
+    position={computed_camera_position}
+    zoom={initial_zoom}
+    near={-100}
+  >
+    <extras.OrbitControls {...orbit_controls_props}>
+      {#if gizmo}<extras.Gizmo {...gizmo_props} />{/if}
+    </extras.OrbitControls>
+  </T.OrthographicCamera>
+{/if}
+
+<T.DirectionalLight position={[3, 10, 10]} intensity={directional_light} />
+<T.DirectionalLight position={[-3, -5, -10]} intensity={directional_light * 0.5} />
+<T.AmbientLight intensity={ambient_light} />
+
+<T.Group position={rotation_target}>
+  <!-- Brillouin zone overlay -->
+  {#if show_bz && bz_data && bz_geometry}
+    <T.Mesh geometry={bz_geometry}>
+      <T.MeshStandardMaterial
+        color={bz_color}
+        transparent
+        opacity={bz_opacity}
+        side={2}
+        depthWrite={false}
+      />
+    </T.Mesh>
+
+    <!-- BZ edges -->
+    {#each bz_data.edges as edge_segment, edge_idx (`bz-edge-${edge_idx}`)}
+      {@const [from, to] = edge_segment}
+      <Cylinder {from} {to} thickness={bz_edge_width} color={bz_edge_color} />
+    {/each}
+  {/if}
+
+  <!-- Reciprocal lattice vectors -->
+  {#if show_vectors && fermi_data?.k_lattice}
+    {#each fermi_data.k_lattice as vec, idx (idx)}
+      {@const scaled_vec = vec.map((coord) => coord * vector_scale) as Vec3}
+      {@const label_position = scaled_vec.map((coord) => coord * 1.15) as Vec3}
+      <Arrow
+        position={[0, 0, 0]}
+        vector={scaled_vec}
+        color={vector_colors[idx]}
+        scale={1}
+      />
+      <extras.HTML center position={label_position}>
+        <span style:color={vector_colors[idx]} style:font-size="1.2em">
+          {vector_labels[idx]}
+        </span>
+      </extras.HTML>
+    {/each}
+  {/if}
+
+  <!-- Fermi surfaces (with optional symmetry tiling) -->
+  {#each visible_surfaces as
+    surface,
+    surface_idx
+    (`surface-${surface.band_index}-${surface.spin}-${surface_idx}`)
+  }
+    {@const geo_key = `${surface.band_index}-${surface.spin}-${surface_idx}`}
+    {@const geo_data = geometry_cache.get(geo_key)}
+    {@const surface_color = get_surface_color(surface)}
+    {@const use_vertex_colors = color_property === `velocity` || color_property === `custom`}
+    {@const symmetry_ops = effective_tile_bz ? OH_SYMMETRY_MATRICES : [IDENTITY_4x4]}
+    {@const renderOrder = surface_render_orders.get(surface) ?? surface_idx}
+
+    {#if geo_data}
+      {#each symmetry_ops as sym_matrix, sym_idx (`sym-${sym_idx}`)}
+        {#if representation === `wireframe`}
+          <T.Mesh
+            geometry={geo_data.geometry}
+            matrix={sym_matrix}
+            matrixAutoUpdate={false}
+            {renderOrder}
+            onpointermove={(event: ThreltePointerEvent) =>
+            handle_pointer_move(event, surface, surface_color, sym_idx, sym_matrix)}
+            onpointerleave={() => {
+              hover_data = null
+            }}
+          >
+            <T.MeshBasicMaterial
+              color={surface_color}
+              wireframe
+              transparent={surface_opacity < 1}
+              opacity={surface_opacity}
+              depthWrite={true}
+              depthTest={true}
+            />
+          </T.Mesh>
+        {:else if surface_opacity < 1}
+          <!-- Two-pass rendering for transparent surfaces -->
+          <!-- Pass 1: Back faces (rendered first, lower renderOrder) -->
+          <T.Mesh
+            geometry={geo_data.geometry}
+            matrix={sym_matrix}
+            matrixAutoUpdate={false}
+            renderOrder={renderOrder * 2}
+            onpointermove={(event: ThreltePointerEvent) =>
+            handle_pointer_move(event, surface, surface_color, sym_idx, sym_matrix)}
+            onpointerleave={() => {
+              hover_data = null
+            }}
+          >
+            <T.MeshStandardMaterial
+              {...get_material_props(surface_color, use_vertex_colors, surface_idx, `back`)}
+              metalness={0.1}
+              roughness={0.6}
+              flatShading={false}
+            />
+          </T.Mesh>
+          <!-- Pass 2: Front faces (rendered second, higher renderOrder) -->
+          <T.Mesh
+            geometry={geo_data.geometry}
+            matrix={sym_matrix}
+            matrixAutoUpdate={false}
+            renderOrder={renderOrder * 2 + 1}
+            onpointermove={(event: ThreltePointerEvent) =>
+            handle_pointer_move(event, surface, surface_color, sym_idx, sym_matrix)}
+            onpointerleave={() => {
+              hover_data = null
+            }}
+          >
+            <T.MeshStandardMaterial
+              {...get_material_props(
+                surface_color,
+                use_vertex_colors,
+                surface_idx,
+                `front`,
+              )}
+              metalness={0.1}
+              roughness={0.6}
+              flatShading={false}
+            />
+          </T.Mesh>
+        {:else}
+          <!-- Single pass for opaque surfaces -->
+          <T.Mesh
+            geometry={geo_data.geometry}
+            matrix={sym_matrix}
+            matrixAutoUpdate={false}
+            {renderOrder}
+            onpointermove={(event: ThreltePointerEvent) =>
+            handle_pointer_move(event, surface, surface_color, sym_idx, sym_matrix)}
+            onpointerleave={() => {
+              hover_data = null
+            }}
+          >
+            <T.MeshStandardMaterial
+              {...get_material_props(
+                surface_color,
+                use_vertex_colors,
+                surface_idx,
+                `front`,
+              )}
+              metalness={0.1}
+              roughness={0.6}
+              flatShading={false}
+            />
+          </T.Mesh>
+        {/if}
+      {/each}
+    {/if}
+  {/each}
+</T.Group>
+
+<style>
+  :global(.fermi-surface .responsive-gizmo) {
+    width: clamp(70px, 18cqmin, 100px) !important;
+    height: clamp(70px, 18cqmin, 100px) !important;
+  }
+</style>