litclaude-ai 0.2.2

package/plugins/litclaude/skills/programming/references/typescript/backend-hono.md

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+# Hono Backend Stack Reference (2026)
+
+> **Canonical stack**: `hono` + `hono-openapi` + `@scalar/hono-api-reference` + `@hono/swagger-ui`  
+> **Runtime**: Bun (TypeScript-first)  
+> **Validator**: Zod v4 (Standard Schema compliant, zero extra deps for OpenAPI)
+
+---
+
+## 1. Package Versions (Latest Stable)
+
+| Package | Version | Source |
+|---------|---------|--------|
+| `hono` | `^4.12.5` | [peer dep of scalar](https://github.com/scalar/scalar/blob/8bcf8bf52a0da667d44eeec08648e3b1da044f97/integrations/hono/package.json#L66) |
+| `hono-openapi` | `^1.3.0` | [npm](https://registry.npmjs.org/hono-openapi) — published Mar 2, 2026 |
+| `@scalar/hono-api-reference` | `^0.10.11` | [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@scalar/hono-api-reference) — published Apr 28, 2026 |
+| `@hono/swagger-ui` | `^0.6.1` | [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@hono/swagger-ui) — published Apr 2026 |
+| `zod` | `^4.4.1` | [npm registry](https://registry.npmjs.org/zod) — latest stable v4 |
+
+### `package.json` dependency block
+
+```json
+{
+  "dependencies": {
+    "hono": "^4.12.5",
+    "hono-openapi": "^1.3.0",
+    "@scalar/hono-api-reference": "^0.10.11",
+    "@hono/swagger-ui": "^0.6.1",
+    "zod": "^4.4.1"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "typescript": "^5.8.0",
+    "@types/bun": "latest"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+> **Peer dependencies auto-installed by `hono-openapi`**:
+> - `@hono/standard-validator@^0.2.0`
+> - `@standard-community/standard-json@^0.3.5`
+> - `@standard-community/standard-openapi@^0.2.9`
+> - `openapi-types@^12.1.3`
+>
+> [Source: `hono-openapi/package.json` peerDependencies](https://github.com/rhinobase/hono-openapi/blob/10f45a66ede3764b5e6065805fb60fd5df090466/package.json#L50-L65)
+
+---
+
+## 2. Complete `app.ts` — Copy-Pasteable
+
+```typescript
+import { Hono } from 'hono'
+import { describeRoute, openAPIRouteHandler, resolver, validator } from 'hono-openapi'
+import { Scalar } from '@scalar/hono-api-reference'
+import { swaggerUI } from '@hono/swagger-ui'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// 1. Schema definitions (Zod v4 — Standard Schema native)
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const QuerySchema = z.object({
+  name: z.string().optional(),
+})
+
+const ResponseSchema = z.object({
+  message: z.string(),
+})
+
+const JsonBodySchema = z.object({
+  name: z.string(),
+  age: z.number().int().min(0),
+})
+
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// 2. Hono app with described routes
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const app = new Hono()
+
+// Health check (no validation)
+app.get('/health', (c) => c.json({ status: 'ok' }))
+
+// A fully-documented route
+app.get(
+  '/hello',
+  describeRoute({
+    tags: ['Greetings'],
+    summary: 'Say hello',
+    description: 'Returns a greeting message',
+    responses: {
+      200: {
+        description: 'Successful greeting',
+        content: {
+          'application/json': {
+            schema: resolver(ResponseSchema),
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  validator('query', QuerySchema),
+  (c) => {
+    const query = c.req.valid('query')
+    return c.json({ message: `Hello ${query.name ?? 'Hono'}!` })
+  },
+)
+
+// A POST route with JSON body validation
+app.post(
+  '/users',
+  describeRoute({
+    tags: ['Users'],
+    summary: 'Create a user',
+    responses: {
+      200: {
+        description: 'User created',
+        content: {
+          'application/json': {
+            schema: resolver(ResponseSchema),
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  validator('json', JsonBodySchema),
+  (c) => {
+    const body = c.req.valid('json')
+    return c.json({ message: `Created user ${body.name}` })
+  },
+)
+
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// 3. OpenAPI spec endpoint
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+app.get(
+  '/openapi.json',
+  openAPIRouteHandler(app, {
+    documentation: {
+      info: {
+        title: 'Hono API',
+        version: '1.0.0',
+        description: 'Example Hono API with OpenAPI',
+      },
+      servers: [
+        { url: 'http://localhost:3000', description: 'Local server' },
+      ],
+    },
+  }),
+)
+
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// 4. Scalar API Reference UI
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+app.get(
+  '/scalar',
+  Scalar({
+    url: '/openapi.json',
+    theme: 'saturn',
+    pageTitle: 'Hono API Reference',
+  }),
+)
+
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// 5. Swagger UI (parallel mount)
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+app.get(
+  '/swagger',
+  swaggerUI({
+    url: '/openapi.json',
+    title: 'Swagger UI',
+  }),
+)
+
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// 6. Bun canonical entrypoint
+// ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export default app
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. `hono-openapi` API Reference
+
+### Import paths
+
+**There is only one import path.** `hono-openapi` exports everything from its root:
+
+```typescript
+import {
+  describeRoute,      // middleware to annotate a route with OpenAPI metadata
+  describeResponse,   // attach response schemas directly to a handler
+  validator,          // validation middleware (wraps @hono/standard-validator)
+  resolver,           // wrap a Zod/Valibot/etc schema for OpenAPI responses
+  openAPIRouteHandler, // serve the generated OpenAPI JSON document
+  generateSpecs,      // programmatically generate the spec (for build-time caching)
+} from 'hono-openapi'
+```
+
+**Evidence** ([`src/index.ts`](https://github.com/rhinobase/hono-openapi/blob/10f45a66ede3764b5e6065805fb60fd5df090466/src/index.ts#L1-L9)):
+
+```typescript
+export { generateSpecs, openAPIRouteHandler } from "./handler.js";
+export {
+  describeResponse,
+  describeRoute,
+  loadVendor,
+  resolver,
+  validator,
+} from "./middlewares.js";
+```
+
+> **No subpath exports** such as `hono-openapi/zod` or `hono-openapi/valibot`. The package uses Standard Schema and auto-detects the validator vendor.
+
+### `describeRoute()` middleware
+
+Attach OpenAPI metadata to any Hono route. Use `resolver()` for response body schemas.
+
+```typescript
+app.get(
+  '/path',
+  describeRoute({
+    tags: ['Users'],
+    summary: 'Get user',
+    description: 'Retrieve a single user by ID',
+    responses: {
+      200: {
+        description: 'User found',
+        content: {
+          'application/json': {
+            schema: resolver(UserSchema),
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      404: {
+        description: 'User not found',
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  handler,
+)
+```
+
+**Evidence** ([`src/middlewares.ts`](https://github.com/rhinobase/hono-openapi/blob/10f45a66ede3764b5e6065805fb60fd5df090466/src/middlewares.ts#L244-L254)):
+
+```typescript
+export function describeRoute(spec: DescribeRouteOptions): MiddlewareHandler {
+  const middleware: MiddlewareHandler = async (_c, next) => {
+    await next();
+  };
+  return Object.assign(middleware, {
+    [uniqueSymbol]: { spec },
+  });
+}
+```
+
+### `validator()` middleware
+
+Validates `query`, `json`, `param`, or `form` and **automatically** injects the request schema into the OpenAPI document. No manual `request` block in `describeRoute()` is required.
+
+```typescript
+validator('query', QuerySchema)   // ?name=foo
+validator('json', JsonBodySchema) // POST body
+validator('param', ParamSchema)   // /users/:id
+validator('form', FormSchema)     // multipart/form-data
+```
+
+**Evidence** ([`src/middlewares.ts`](https://github.com/rhinobase/hono-openapi/blob/10f45a66ede3764b5e6065805fb60fd5df090466/src/middlewares.ts#L199-L237)):
+
+```typescript
+export function validator<Schema extends StandardSchemaV1, ...>(
+  target: Target,
+  schema: Schema,
+  hook?: Hook<...>,
+  options?: ResolverReturnType["options"],
+): MiddlewareHandler<E, P, V> {
+  const middleware = sValidator(target, schema, hook);
+  return Object.assign(middleware, {
+    [uniqueSymbol]: { target, ...resolver(schema, options), options },
+  });
+}
+```
+
+### `openAPIRouteHandler()` — serving the spec
+
+```typescript
+app.get(
+  '/openapi.json',
+  openAPIRouteHandler(app, {
+    documentation: {
+      info: { title: 'Hono API', version: '1.0.0' },
+      servers: [{ url: 'http://localhost:3000' }],
+    },
+  }),
+)
+```
+
+**Evidence** ([`src/handler.ts`](https://github.com/rhinobase/hono-openapi/blob/10f45a66ede3764b5e6065805fb60fd5df090466/src/handler.ts#L42-L59)):
+
+```typescript
+export function openAPIRouteHandler<...>(
+  hono: Hono<E, S, P>,
+  options?: Partial<GenerateSpecOptions>,
+): MiddlewareHandler<E, P, I> {
+  let specs: OpenAPIV3_1.Document;
+  return async (c) => {
+    if (specs) return c.json(specs);
+    specs = await generateSpecs(hono, options, c);
+    return c.json(specs);
+  };
+}
+```
+
+> **Mount path convention**: `/openapi.json` is the most common. Some projects use `/openapi/spec.json` (e.g. [NamesMT/starter-monorepo](https://github.com/NamesMT/starter-monorepo/blob/main/apps/backend/src/openAPI.ts)).
+
+---
+
+## 4. `@scalar/hono-api-reference` Setup
+
+### Import path and package name
+
+```typescript
+import { Scalar } from '@scalar/hono-api-reference'
+```
+
+> **Deprecated**: `apiReference` is still exported but deprecated in favor of `Scalar` ([PR #5297](https://github.com/scalar/scalar/pull/5297)).
+
+**Evidence** ([`integrations/hono/src/index.ts`](https://github.com/scalar/scalar/blob/8bcf8bf52a0da667d44eeec08648e3b1da044f97/integrations/hono/src/index.ts#L1-L9)):
+
+```typescript
+import { Scalar } from './scalar'
+export {
+  Scalar,
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Use `Scalar` instead.
+   */
+  Scalar as apiReference,
+}
+```
+
+### Mount path convention
+
+Common choices:
+- `/scalar` — matches the middleware name
+- `/docs` — generic documentation endpoint
+- `/openapi/ui` — nested under the OpenAPI prefix
+
+### Configuration options
+
+The Hono middleware accepts the **universal Scalar configuration** plus Hono-specific overrides (`pageTitle`, `cdn`).
+
+```typescript
+app.get('/scalar', Scalar({
+  // ── Source (required) ──
+  url: '/openapi.json',          // URL to the OpenAPI spec
+
+  // ── Appearance ──
+  theme: 'saturn',               // 'alternate' | 'default' | 'moon' | 'purple'
+                                 // | 'solarized' | 'bluePlanet' | 'deepSpace'
+                                 // | 'saturn' | 'kepler' | 'elysiajs' | 'fastify'
+                                 // | 'mars' | 'laserwave' | 'none'
+  pageTitle: 'My API Docs',      // HTML <title>
+  customCss: '.sidebar { ... }', // injected <style> block
+  metaData: { title: '...' },    // SEO meta tags (unhead format)
+  favicon: '/favicon.svg',
+
+  // ── Behavior ──
+  layout: 'modern',              // 'modern' | 'classic'
+  darkMode: true,
+  forceDarkModeState: 'dark',    // 'dark' | 'light'
+  hideDarkModeToggle: false,
+  hideModels: false,
+  hideSearch: false,
+  hideTestRequestButton: false,
+  showOperationId: false,
+  showSidebar: true,
+
+  // ── Proxy / Server ──
+  proxyUrl: 'https://proxy.scalar.com',
+  baseServerURL: 'http://localhost:3000',
+  servers: [{ url: 'http://localhost:3000' }],
+
+  // ── CDN ──
+  cdn: 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@scalar/api-reference',
+
+  // ── Advanced ──
+  authentication: { ... },
+  hiddenClients: ['unirest'],
+  defaultHttpClient: { targetKey: 'js', clientKey: 'fetch' },
+  plugins: [...],
+  pathRouting: { basePath: '/reference' },
+  mcp: { name: 'My MCP', url: '...' },
+}))
+```
+
+**Evidence** — Scalar types define the full schema:
+- [Base configuration (themes, proxy, etc.)](https://github.com/scalar/scalar/blob/8bcf8bf52a0da667d44eeec08648e3b1da044f97/packages/types/src/api-reference/base-configuration.ts#L110-L129)
+- [HTML rendering configuration (`pageTitle`, `cdn`)](https://github.com/scalar/scalar/blob/8bcf8bf52a0da667d44eeec08648e3b1da044f97/packages/types/src/api-reference/html-rendering-configuration.ts#L8-L23)
+- [Source configuration (`url`, `content`)](https://github.com/scalar/scalar/blob/8bcf8bf52a0da667d44eeec08648e3b1da044f97/packages/types/src/api-reference/source-configuration.ts#L8-L55)
+- [Full API reference configuration](https://github.com/scalar/scalar/blob/8bcf8bf52a0da667d44eeec08648e3b1da044f97/packages/types/src/api-reference/api-reference-configuration.ts#L22-L379)
+
+### Dynamic configuration (request-aware)
+
+```typescript
+app.get('/scalar', Scalar((c) => ({
+  url: '/openapi.json',
+  proxyUrl: c.env.ENVIRONMENT === 'development'
+    ? 'https://proxy.scalar.com'
+    : undefined,
+})))
+```
+
+**Evidence** ([`integrations/hono/src/scalar.ts`](https://github.com/scalar/scalar/blob/8bcf8bf52a0da667d44eeec08648e3b1da044f97/integrations/hono/src/scalar.ts#L75-L94)):
+
+```typescript
+export const Scalar = <E extends Env>(configOrResolver: Configuration<E>): MiddlewareHandler<E> => {
+  return async (c) => {
+    let resolvedConfig: Partial<ApiReferenceConfiguration> = {}
+    if (typeof configOrResolver === 'function') {
+      resolvedConfig = await configOrResolver(c)
+    } else {
+      resolvedConfig = configOrResolver
+    }
+    // ...
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. `@hono/swagger-ui` Setup
+
+### Import path and package name
+
+```typescript
+import { swaggerUI } from '@hono/swagger-ui'
+```
+
+**Evidence** ([`packages/swagger-ui/src/index.ts`](https://github.com/honojs/middleware/blob/eb443a2fbda674bbe12d3f30e96854bb0cad6232/packages/swagger-ui/src/index.ts#L93)):
+
+```typescript
+export { middleware as swaggerUI, SwaggerUI }
+```
+
+### Mount path convention
+
+Common choices:
+- `/swagger` — explicit
+- `/ui` — used in Hono official examples
+- `/docs` — generic
+
+### Configuration options
+
+```typescript
+app.get('/swagger', swaggerUI({
+  url: '/openapi.json',          // URL to the OpenAPI spec (required)
+  title: 'Swagger UI',           // HTML page title
+  version: 'latest',             // Swagger UI CDN version
+  // Any standard Swagger UI option also works:
+  // presets, plugins, urls, etc.
+}))
+```
+
+**Evidence** ([`packages/swagger-ui/src/index.ts`](https://github.com/honojs/middleware/blob/eb443a2fbda674bbe12d3f30e96854bb0cad6232/packages/swagger-ui/src/index.ts#L8-L43)):
+
+```typescript
+type SwaggerUIOptions = OriginalSwaggerUIOptions & DistSwaggerUIOptions
+
+const middleware = <E extends Env>(options: SwaggerUIOptions): MiddlewareHandler<E> =>
+  async (c) => {
+    const title = options?.title ?? 'SwaggerUI'
+    return c.html(/* html */ `...`)
+  }
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. Bun Runtime Entrypoint
+
+### Canonical shape for `bun run`
+
+```typescript
+import { Hono } from 'hono'
+
+const app = new Hono()
+// ... routes ...
+
+export default app
+```
+
+**Evidence** ([Hono Bun docs](https://hono.dev/docs/getting-started/bun)):
+
+> ```ts
+> import { Hono } from 'hono'
+> const app = new Hono()
+> app.get('/', (c) => c.text('Hello Bun!'))
+> export default app
+> ```
+
+### Custom port
+
+```typescript
+export default {
+  port: 3000,
+  fetch: app.fetch,
+}
+```
+
+**Evidence** ([Hono Bun docs — Change port number](https://hono.dev/docs/getting-started/bun)):
+
+> ```ts
+> export default {
+>   port: 3000,
+>   fetch: app.fetch,
+> }
+> ```
+
+### `package.json` scripts for Bun
+
+```json
+{
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "bun run --hot src/index.ts",
+    "start": "bun run src/index.ts",
+    "build": "tsc --noEmit"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. OpenAPI Version
+
+### `hono-openapi` emits **OpenAPI 3.1.0** by default
+
+This is **hardcoded** in the source and **not configurable** at runtime:
+
+**Evidence** ([`src/handler.ts` line 120](https://github.com/rhinobase/hono-openapi/blob/10f45a66ede3764b5e6065805fb60fd5df090466/src/handler.ts#L120)):
+
+```typescript
+return {
+  openapi: "3.1.0",
+  ..._documentation,
+  // ...
+} satisfies OpenAPIV3_1.Document;
+```
+
+> If you need OpenAPI 3.0.x, you must post-process the generated spec or use `@hono/zod-openapi` (the older package) instead. The user explicitly requested `hono-openapi`, so document that 3.1.0 is the only output.
+
+---
+
+## 8. Zod v3 vs Zod v4
+
+| Feature | Zod v3 | Zod v4 |
+|---------|--------|--------|
+| Standard Schema | ❌ No | ✅ Yes (native) |
+| `hono-openapi` extra deps | `zod-openapi@4` | None |
+| Import path | `import { z } from 'zod'` | `import { z } from 'zod'` (or `zod/v4` for explicit) |
+
+**For Zod v3 users**, install the compatibility layer:
+
+```bash
+npm install zod-openapi@4
+```
+
+Then use `zod-openapi`'s `.openapi()` for metadata and `.meta({ ref: 'Name' })` for component references. `hono-openapi`'s `resolver()` will still work, but the underlying schema conversion relies on `zod-openapi@4`.
+
+**Evidence** ([HonoHub Zod docs](https://honohub.dev/docs/openapi/zod)):
+
+> "For zod v3, you can use the `zod-openapi` library. You need to install `zod-openapi@4` for this to work properly."
+
+**For Zod v4 users** (recommended in 2026), no extra packages are needed. `z.date()` is automatically converted to `{ type: 'string', format: 'date-time' }`.
+
+**Evidence** ([`src/middlewares.ts` Zod v4 date override](https://github.com/rhinobase/hono-openapi/blob/10f45a66ede3764b5e6065805fb60fd5df090466/src/middlewares.ts#L63-L71)):
+
+```typescript
+const zodV4DateOverride = (ctx: { ... }) => {
+  if (ctx.zodSchema._zod.def.type === "date") {
+    ctx.jsonSchema.type = "string";
+    ctx.jsonSchema.format = "date-time";
+  }
+};
+```
+
+---
+
+## 9. Real-World Example
+
+**NamesMT/starter-monorepo** — a public monorepo starter using `hono-openapi` + `@scalar/hono-api-reference` together:
+
+- File: [`apps/backend/src/openAPI.ts`](https://github.com/NamesMT/starter-monorepo/blob/main/apps/backend/src/openAPI.ts)
+- Pattern: mounts spec at `/openapi/spec.json` and Scalar UI at `/openapi/ui`
+
+```typescript
+import type { Hono } from 'hono'
+import { Scalar } from '@scalar/hono-api-reference'
+import { openAPIRouteHandler } from 'hono-openapi'
+
+export function setupOpenAPI(app: Hono<any, any>, prefix = '/openapi') {
+  app.get(
+    `${prefix}/spec.json`,
+    openAPIRouteHandler(app, {
+      documentation: {
+        info: {
+          title: `starter-monorepo's backend`,
+          version: '1.0.0',
+          description: 'My amazing API',
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+  )
+
+  app.get(
+    `${prefix}/ui`,
+    Scalar({
+      theme: 'deepSpace',
+      url: `${prefix}/spec.json`,
+    }),
+  )
+}
+```
+
+> **Note**: No public repo was found using all four (`hono-openapi` + `Scalar` + `swagger-ui` + `hono`) in a single file. The canonical combination in the wild is `hono-openapi` + `Scalar`. Adding `swagger-ui` is a trivial parallel mount (shown in the `app.ts` above).
+
+---
+
+## 10. Common Pitfalls
+
+1. **Using `openAPISpecs` instead of `openAPIRouteHandler`**  
+   Some docs (e.g. HONC) use `openAPISpecs` — this is **not** the current export name. The correct function is `openAPIRouteHandler` ([source](https://github.com/rhinobase/hono-openapi/blob/10f45a66ede3764b5e6065805fb60fd5df090466/src/index.ts#L1)).
+
+2. **Importing from `hono-openapi/zod`**  
+   There are **no subpath exports**. Always import from `hono-openapi` directly.
+
+3. **Forgetting `@hono/standard-validator`**  
+   It is a peer dependency of `hono-openapi`. Modern package managers (npm ≥ 7, pnpm, bun) auto-install it. If you see validation errors, ensure it is present in `node_modules`.
+
+4. **Using `@hono/zod-openapi` (the OLD package)**  
+   The user explicitly wants `hono-openapi` (the newer, middleware-based, Standard Schema package). Do not confuse with `@hono/zod-openapi` which wraps the `Hono` class into `OpenAPIHono`.
+
+5. **Swagger UI `spec` option**  
+   `@hono/swagger-ui` does **not** accept a `spec` option to embed the document directly. It only accepts `url` (or `urls`) pointing to an external spec endpoint. If you need embedded specs, use Scalar's `content` option instead.
+
+---
+
+## 11. Quick Start Commands
+
+```bash
+# 1. Create project
+mkdir my-api && cd my-api
+bun init -y
+
+# 2. Install dependencies
+bun add hono hono-openapi @scalar/hono-api-reference @hono/swagger-ui zod
+
+# 3. Add TypeScript
+bun add -d typescript @types/bun
+
+# 4. Write app.ts (copy from section 2 above)
+# 5. Run
+bun run --hot app.ts
+```
+
+Endpoints after startup:
+- `GET /health` — health check
+- `GET /hello?name=world` — documented route
+- `POST /users` — validated JSON body route
+- `GET /openapi.json` — raw OpenAPI 3.1.0 spec
+- `GET /scalar` — Scalar API Reference UI
+- `GET /swagger` — Swagger UI