effect 2.0.0-next.44 → 2.0.0-next.46

package/src/Chunk.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1314 @@
+/**
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+import type { Either } from "./Either"
+import * as Equal from "./Equal"
+import * as Equivalence from "./Equivalence"
+import { dual, identity, pipe } from "./Function"
+import * as Hash from "./Hash"
+import type { TypeLambda } from "./HKT"
+import { type Inspectable, NodeInspectSymbol, toJSON, toString } from "./Inspectable"
+import type { NonEmptyIterable } from "./NonEmptyIterable"
+import type { Option } from "./Option"
+import * as O from "./Option"
+import * as Order from "./Order"
+import type { Pipeable } from "./Pipeable"
+import { pipeArguments } from "./Pipeable"
+import type { Predicate, Refinement } from "./Predicate"
+import { isObject } from "./Predicate"
+import * as RA from "./ReadonlyArray"
+import type { NonEmptyReadonlyArray } from "./ReadonlyArray"
+
+const TypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("effect/Chunk") as TypeId
+
+/**
+ * @category symbol
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export type TypeId = typeof TypeId
+
+/**
+ * @category models
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export interface Chunk<A> extends Iterable<A>, Equal.Equal, Pipeable, Inspectable {
+  readonly [TypeId]: {
+    readonly _A: (_: never) => A
+  }
+  readonly length: number
+  /** @internal */
+  right: Chunk<A>
+  /** @internal */
+  left: Chunk<A>
+  /** @internal */
+  backing: Backing<A>
+  /** @internal */
+  depth: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * @category model
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export interface NonEmptyChunk<A> extends Chunk<A>, NonEmptyIterable<A> {}
+
+/**
+ * @category type lambdas
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export interface ChunkTypeLambda extends TypeLambda {
+  readonly type: Chunk<this["Target"]>
+}
+
+type Backing<A> =
+  | IArray<A>
+  | IConcat<A>
+  | ISingleton<A>
+  | IEmpty
+  | ISlice<A>
+
+interface IArray<A> {
+  readonly _tag: "IArray"
+  readonly array: ReadonlyArray<A>
+}
+
+interface IConcat<A> {
+  readonly _tag: "IConcat"
+  readonly left: Chunk<A>
+  readonly right: Chunk<A>
+}
+
+interface ISingleton<A> {
+  readonly _tag: "ISingleton"
+  readonly a: A
+}
+
+interface IEmpty {
+  readonly _tag: "IEmpty"
+}
+
+interface ISlice<A> {
+  readonly _tag: "ISlice"
+  readonly chunk: Chunk<A>
+  readonly offset: number
+  readonly length: number
+}
+
+function copy<A>(
+  src: ReadonlyArray<A>,
+  srcPos: number,
+  dest: Array<A>,
+  destPos: number,
+  len: number
+) {
+  for (let i = srcPos; i < Math.min(src.length, srcPos + len); i++) {
+    dest[destPos + i - srcPos] = src[i]!
+  }
+  return dest
+}
+
+const emptyArray: ReadonlyArray<never> = []
+
+/**
+ * Compares the two chunks of equal length using the specified function
+ *
+ * @category equivalence
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const getEquivalence = <A>(isEquivalent: Equivalence.Equivalence<A>): Equivalence.Equivalence<Chunk<A>> =>
+  Equivalence.make((self, that) => toReadonlyArray(self).every((value, i) => isEquivalent(value, unsafeGet(that, i))))
+
+const _equivalence = getEquivalence(Equal.equals)
+
+const ChunkProto: Omit<Chunk<unknown>, "backing" | "depth" | "left" | "length" | "right"> = {
+  [TypeId]: {
+    _A: (_: never) => _
+  },
+  toString<A>(this: Chunk<A>) {
+    return toString(this.toJSON())
+  },
+  toJSON<A>(this: Chunk<A>) {
+    return {
+      _id: "Chunk",
+      values: toReadonlyArray(this).map(toJSON)
+    }
+  },
+  [NodeInspectSymbol]<A>(this: Chunk<A>) {
+    return this.toJSON()
+  },
+  [Equal.symbol]<A>(this: Chunk<A>, that: unknown): boolean {
+    return isChunk(that) && _equivalence(this, that)
+  },
+  [Hash.symbol]<A>(this: Chunk<A>): number {
+    return Hash.array(toReadonlyArray(this))
+  },
+  [Symbol.iterator]<A>(this: Chunk<A>): Iterator<A> {
+    switch (this.backing._tag) {
+      case "IArray": {
+        return this.backing.array[Symbol.iterator]()
+      }
+      case "IEmpty": {
+        return emptyArray[Symbol.iterator]()
+      }
+      default: {
+        return toReadonlyArray(this)[Symbol.iterator]()
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  pipe<A>(this: Chunk<A>) {
+    return pipeArguments(this, arguments)
+  }
+}
+
+const makeChunk = <A>(backing: Backing<A>): Chunk<A> => {
+  const chunk = Object.create(ChunkProto)
+  chunk.backing = backing
+  switch (backing._tag) {
+    case "IEmpty": {
+      chunk.length = 0
+      chunk.depth = 0
+      chunk.left = chunk
+      chunk.right = chunk
+      break
+    }
+    case "IConcat": {
+      chunk.length = backing.left.length + backing.right.length
+      chunk.depth = 1 + Math.max(backing.left.depth, backing.right.depth)
+      chunk.left = backing.left
+      chunk.right = backing.right
+      break
+    }
+    case "IArray": {
+      chunk.length = backing.array.length
+      chunk.depth = 0
+      chunk.left = _empty
+      chunk.right = _empty
+      break
+    }
+    case "ISingleton": {
+      chunk.length = 1
+      chunk.depth = 0
+      chunk.left = _empty
+      chunk.right = _empty
+      break
+    }
+    case "ISlice": {
+      chunk.length = backing.length
+      chunk.depth = backing.chunk.depth + 1
+      chunk.left = _empty
+      chunk.right = _empty
+      break
+    }
+  }
+  return chunk
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `u` is a `Chunk<unknown>`
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const isChunk: {
+  <A>(u: Iterable<A>): u is Chunk<A>
+  (u: unknown): u is Chunk<unknown>
+} = (u: unknown): u is Chunk<unknown> => isObject(u) && TypeId in u
+
+const _empty = makeChunk<never>({ _tag: "IEmpty" })
+
+/**
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const empty: <A = never>() => Chunk<A> = () => _empty
+
+/**
+ * Builds a `NonEmptyChunk` from an non-empty collection of elements.
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const make = <As extends readonly [any, ...ReadonlyArray<any>]>(
+  ...as: As
+): NonEmptyChunk<As[number]> => as.length === 1 ? of(as[0]) : unsafeFromNonEmptyArray(as)
+
+/**
+ * Builds a `NonEmptyChunk` from a single element.
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const of = <A>(a: A): NonEmptyChunk<A> => makeChunk({ _tag: "ISingleton", a }) as any
+
+/**
+ * Converts from an `Iterable<A>`
+ *
+ * @category conversions
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const fromIterable = <A>(self: Iterable<A>): Chunk<A> =>
+  isChunk(self) ? self : makeChunk({ _tag: "IArray", array: RA.fromIterable(self) })
+
+const copyToArray = <A>(self: Chunk<A>, array: Array<any>, initial: number): void => {
+  switch (self.backing._tag) {
+    case "IArray": {
+      copy(self.backing.array, 0, array, initial, self.length)
+      break
+    }
+    case "IConcat": {
+      copyToArray(self.left, array, initial)
+      copyToArray(self.right, array, initial + self.left.length)
+      break
+    }
+    case "ISingleton": {
+      array[initial] = self.backing.a
+      break
+    }
+    case "ISlice": {
+      let i = 0
+      let j = initial
+      while (i < self.length) {
+        array[j] = unsafeGet(self, i)
+        i += 1
+        j += 1
+      }
+      break
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts the specified `Chunk` to a `ReadonlyArray`.
+ *
+ * @category conversions
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const toReadonlyArray = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): ReadonlyArray<A> => {
+  switch (self.backing._tag) {
+    case "IEmpty": {
+      return emptyArray
+    }
+    case "IArray": {
+      return self.backing.array
+    }
+    default: {
+      const arr = new Array<A>(self.length)
+      copyToArray(self, arr, 0)
+      self.backing = {
+        _tag: "IArray",
+        array: arr
+      }
+      self.left = _empty
+      self.right = _empty
+      self.depth = 0
+      return arr
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const reverse = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): Chunk<A> => {
+  switch (self.backing._tag) {
+    case "IEmpty":
+    case "ISingleton":
+      return self
+    case "IArray": {
+      return makeChunk({ _tag: "IArray", array: RA.reverse(self.backing.array) })
+    }
+    case "IConcat": {
+      return makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: reverse(self.backing.right), right: reverse(self.backing.left) })
+    }
+    case "ISlice":
+      return unsafeFromArray(RA.reverse(toReadonlyArray(self)))
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function provides a safe way to read a value at a particular index from a `Chunk`.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const get: {
+  (index: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Option<A>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, index: number): Option<A>
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, index: number): Option<A> =>
+    index < 0 || index >= self.length ? O.none() : O.some(unsafeGet(self, index))
+)
+
+/**
+ * Wraps an array into a chunk without copying, unsafe on mutable arrays
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category unsafe
+ */
+export const unsafeFromArray = <A>(self: ReadonlyArray<A>): Chunk<A> => makeChunk({ _tag: "IArray", array: self })
+
+/**
+ * Wraps an array into a chunk without copying, unsafe on mutable arrays
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category unsafe
+ */
+export const unsafeFromNonEmptyArray = <A>(self: NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>): NonEmptyChunk<A> =>
+  unsafeFromArray(self) as any
+
+/**
+ * Gets an element unsafely, will throw on out of bounds
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category unsafe
+ */
+export const unsafeGet: {
+  (index: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => A
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, index: number): A
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, index: number): A => {
+  switch (self.backing._tag) {
+    case "IEmpty": {
+      throw new Error(`Index out of bounds`)
+    }
+    case "ISingleton": {
+      if (index !== 0) {
+        throw new Error(`Index out of bounds`)
+      }
+      return self.backing.a
+    }
+    case "IArray": {
+      if (index >= self.length || index < 0) {
+        throw new Error(`Index out of bounds`)
+      }
+      return self.backing.array[index]!
+    }
+    case "IConcat": {
+      return index < self.left.length
+        ? unsafeGet(self.left, index)
+        : unsafeGet(self.right, index - self.left.length)
+    }
+    case "ISlice": {
+      return unsafeGet(self.backing.chunk, index + self.backing.offset)
+    }
+  }
+})
+
+/**
+ * Appends the specified element to the end of the `Chunk`.
+ *
+ * @category concatenating
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const append: {
+  <A2>(a: A2): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => NonEmptyChunk<A2 | A>
+  <A, A2>(self: Chunk<A>, a: A2): NonEmptyChunk<A | A2>
+} = dual(2, <A, A2>(self: Chunk<A>, a: A2): NonEmptyChunk<A | A2> => appendAllNonEmpty(self, of(a)))
+
+/**
+ * Prepend an element to the front of a `Chunk`, creating a new `NonEmptyChunk`.
+ *
+ * @category concatenating
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const prepend: {
+  <B>(elem: B): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => NonEmptyChunk<B | A>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, elem: B): NonEmptyChunk<A | B>
+} = dual(2, <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, elem: B): NonEmptyChunk<A | B> => appendAllNonEmpty(of(elem), self))
+
+/**
+ * Takes the first up to `n` elements from the chunk
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const take: {
+  (n: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<A>
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<A> => {
+  if (n <= 0) {
+    return _empty
+  } else if (n >= self.length) {
+    return self
+  } else {
+    switch (self.backing._tag) {
+      case "ISlice": {
+        return makeChunk({
+          _tag: "ISlice",
+          chunk: self.backing.chunk,
+          length: n,
+          offset: self.backing.offset
+        })
+      }
+      case "IConcat": {
+        if (n > self.left.length) {
+          return makeChunk({
+            _tag: "IConcat",
+            left: self.left,
+            right: take(self.right, n - self.left.length)
+          })
+        }
+
+        return take(self.left, n)
+      }
+      default: {
+        return makeChunk({
+          _tag: "ISlice",
+          chunk: self,
+          offset: 0,
+          length: n
+        })
+      }
+    }
+  }
+})
+
+/**
+ * Drops the first up to `n` elements from the chunk
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const drop: {
+  (n: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<A>
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<A> => {
+  if (n <= 0) {
+    return self
+  } else if (n >= self.length) {
+    return _empty
+  } else {
+    switch (self.backing._tag) {
+      case "ISlice": {
+        return makeChunk({
+          _tag: "ISlice",
+          chunk: self.backing.chunk,
+          offset: self.backing.offset + n,
+          length: self.backing.length - n
+        })
+      }
+      case "IConcat": {
+        if (n > self.left.length) {
+          return drop(self.right, n - self.left.length)
+        }
+        return makeChunk({
+          _tag: "IConcat",
+          left: drop(self.left, n),
+          right: self.right
+        })
+      }
+      default: {
+        return makeChunk({
+          _tag: "ISlice",
+          chunk: self,
+          offset: n,
+          length: self.length - n
+        })
+      }
+    }
+  }
+})
+
+/**
+ * Drops the last `n` elements.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const dropRight: {
+  (n: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<A>
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<A> => take(self, Math.max(0, self.length - n)))
+
+/**
+ * Drops all elements so long as the predicate returns true.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const dropWhile: {
+  <A>(f: (a: A) => boolean): (self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => boolean): Chunk<A>
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => boolean): Chunk<A> => {
+  const arr = toReadonlyArray(self)
+  const len = arr.length
+  let i = 0
+  while (i < len && f(arr[i]!)) {
+    i++
+  }
+  return drop(self, i)
+})
+
+/**
+ * @category concatenating
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const prependAll: {
+  <B>(that: Chunk<B>): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<B | A>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): Chunk<A | B>
+} = dual(2, <A, B>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): Chunk<A | B> => appendAll(that, self))
+
+/**
+ * @category concatenating
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const prependAllNonEmpty: {
+  <B>(that: NonEmptyChunk<B>): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => NonEmptyChunk<B | A>
+  <B>(that: Chunk<B>): <A>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>) => NonEmptyChunk<B | A>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: NonEmptyChunk<B>): NonEmptyChunk<A | B>
+  <A, B>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): NonEmptyChunk<A | B>
+} = dual(2, <A, B>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): NonEmptyChunk<A | B> => prependAll(self, that) as any)
+
+/**
+ * Concatenates the two chunks
+ *
+ * @category concatenating
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const appendAll: {
+  <B>(that: Chunk<B>): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<B | A>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): Chunk<A | B>
+} = dual(2, <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): Chunk<A | B> => {
+  if (self.backing._tag === "IEmpty") {
+    return that
+  }
+  if (that.backing._tag === "IEmpty") {
+    return self
+  }
+  const diff = that.depth - self.depth
+  if (Math.abs(diff) <= 1) {
+    return makeChunk<A | B>({ _tag: "IConcat", left: self, right: that })
+  } else if (diff < -1) {
+    if (self.left.depth >= self.right.depth) {
+      const nr = appendAll(self.right, that)
+      return makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: self.left, right: nr })
+    } else {
+      const nrr = appendAll(self.right.right, that)
+      if (nrr.depth === self.depth - 3) {
+        const nr = makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: self.right.left, right: nrr })
+        return makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: self.left, right: nr })
+      } else {
+        const nl = makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: self.left, right: self.right.left })
+        return makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: nl, right: nrr })
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (that.right.depth >= that.left.depth) {
+      const nl = appendAll(self, that.left)
+      return makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: nl, right: that.right })
+    } else {
+      const nll = appendAll(self, that.left.left)
+      if (nll.depth === that.depth - 3) {
+        const nl = makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: nll, right: that.left.right })
+        return makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: nl, right: that.right })
+      } else {
+        const nr = makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: that.left.right, right: that.right })
+        return makeChunk({ _tag: "IConcat", left: nll, right: nr })
+      }
+    }
+  }
+})
+
+/**
+ * @category concatenating
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const appendAllNonEmpty: {
+  <B>(that: NonEmptyChunk<B>): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => NonEmptyChunk<B | A>
+  <B>(that: Chunk<B>): <A>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>) => NonEmptyChunk<B | A>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: NonEmptyChunk<B>): NonEmptyChunk<A | B>
+  <A, B>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): NonEmptyChunk<A | B>
+} = dual(2, <A, B>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): NonEmptyChunk<A | B> => appendAll(self, that) as any)
+
+/**
+ * Returns a filtered and mapped subset of the elements.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category filtering
+ */
+export const filterMap: {
+  <A, B>(f: (a: A, i: number) => Option<B>): (self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<B>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A, i: number) => Option<B>): Chunk<B>
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A, i: number) => Option<B>): Chunk<B> => unsafeFromArray(RA.filterMap(self, f))
+)
+
+/**
+ * Returns a filtered and mapped subset of the elements.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category filtering
+ */
+export const filter: {
+  <C extends A, B extends A, A = C>(refinement: Refinement<A, B>): (self: Chunk<C>) => Chunk<B>
+  <B extends A, A = B>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (self: Chunk<B>) => Chunk<B>
+  <C extends A, B extends A, A = C>(self: Chunk<C>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): Chunk<B>
+  <B extends A, A = B>(self: Chunk<B>, predicate: Predicate<A>): Chunk<B>
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <B extends A, A = B>(self: Chunk<B>, predicate: Predicate<A>) =>
+    unsafeFromArray(RA.filterMap(self, O.liftPredicate(predicate)))
+)
+
+/**
+ * Transforms all elements of the chunk for as long as the specified function returns some value
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category filtering
+ */
+export const filterMapWhile: {
+  <A, B>(f: (a: A) => Option<B>): (self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<B>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => Option<B>): Chunk<B>
+} = dual(2, <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => Option<B>) => unsafeFromArray(RA.filterMapWhile(self, f)))
+
+/**
+ * Filter out optional values
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category filtering
+ */
+export const compact = <A>(self: Chunk<Option<A>>): Chunk<A> => filterMap(self, identity)
+
+/**
+ * Returns a chunk with the elements mapped by the specified function.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category sequencing
+ */
+export const flatMap: {
+  <A, B>(f: (a: A, i: number) => Chunk<B>): (self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<B>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A, i: number) => Chunk<B>): Chunk<B>
+} = dual(2, <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A, i: number) => Chunk<B>) => {
+  if (self.backing._tag === "ISingleton") {
+    return f(self.backing.a, 0)
+  }
+  let out: Chunk<B> = _empty
+  let i = 0
+  for (const k of self) {
+    out = appendAll(out, f(k, i++))
+  }
+  return out
+})
+
+/**
+ * @category sequencing
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const flatMapNonEmpty: {
+  <A, B>(f: (a: A, i: number) => NonEmptyChunk<B>): (self: NonEmptyChunk<A>) => NonEmptyChunk<B>
+  <A, B>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>, f: (a: A, i: number) => NonEmptyChunk<B>): NonEmptyChunk<B>
+} = flatMap as any
+
+/**
+ * Applies the specified function to each element of the `List`.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category combinators
+ */
+export const forEach: {
+  <A, B>(f: (a: A) => B): (self: Chunk<A>) => void
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => B): void
+} = dual(2, <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => B): void => toReadonlyArray(self).forEach(f))
+
+/**
+ * Flattens a chunk of chunks into a single chunk by concatenating all chunks.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category sequencing
+ */
+export const flatten: <A>(self: Chunk<Chunk<A>>) => Chunk<A> = flatMap(identity)
+
+/**
+ * @category sequencing
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const flattenNonEmpty: <A>(
+  self: NonEmptyChunk<NonEmptyChunk<A>>
+) => NonEmptyChunk<A> = flatMapNonEmpty(identity)
+
+/**
+ * Groups elements in chunks of up to `n` elements.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const chunksOf: {
+  (n: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<Chunk<A>>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<Chunk<A>>
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number) => {
+  const gr: Array<Chunk<A>> = []
+  let current: Array<A> = []
+  toReadonlyArray(self).forEach((a) => {
+    current.push(a)
+    if (current.length >= n) {
+      gr.push(unsafeFromArray(current))
+      current = []
+    }
+  })
+  if (current.length > 0) {
+    gr.push(unsafeFromArray(current))
+  }
+  return unsafeFromArray(gr)
+})
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Chunk of unique values that are included in all given Chunks.
+ *
+ * The order and references of result values are determined by the Chunk.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const intersection: {
+  <A>(that: Chunk<A>): <B>(self: Chunk<B>) => Chunk<A & B>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): Chunk<A & B>
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): Chunk<A & B> =>
+    unsafeFromArray(RA.intersection(toReadonlyArray(self), toReadonlyArray(that)))
+)
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the chunk is empty.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const isEmpty = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): boolean => self.length === 0
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the chunk is not empty.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const isNonEmpty = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): self is NonEmptyChunk<A> => self.length > 0
+
+/**
+ * Returns the first element of this chunk if it exists.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const head: <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Option<A> = get(0)
+
+/**
+ * Returns the first element of this chunk.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category unsafe
+ */
+export const unsafeHead = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): A => unsafeGet(self, 0)
+
+/**
+ * Returns the first element of this non empty chunk.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const headNonEmpty: <A>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>) => A = unsafeHead
+
+/**
+ * Returns the last element of this chunk if it exists.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const last = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): Option<A> => get(self, self.length - 1)
+
+/**
+ * Returns the last element of this chunk.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category unsafe
+ */
+export const unsafeLast = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): A => unsafeGet(self, self.length - 1)
+
+/**
+ * Returns an effect whose success is mapped by the specified f function.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category mapping
+ */
+export const map: {
+  <A, B>(f: (a: A, i: number) => B): (self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<B>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A, i: number) => B): Chunk<B>
+} = dual(2, <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A, i: number) => B): Chunk<B> =>
+  self.backing._tag === "ISingleton" ?
+    of(f(self.backing.a, 0)) :
+    unsafeFromArray(pipe(toReadonlyArray(self), RA.map((a, i) => f(a, i)))))
+
+/**
+ * Statefully maps over the chunk, producing new elements of type `B`.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category folding
+ */
+export const mapAccum: {
+  <S, A, B>(s: S, f: (s: S, a: A) => readonly [S, B]): (self: Chunk<A>) => [S, Chunk<B>]
+  <S, A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, s: S, f: (s: S, a: A) => readonly [S, B]): [S, Chunk<B>]
+} = dual(3, <S, A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, s: S, f: (s: S, a: A) => readonly [S, B]): [S, Chunk<B>] => {
+  const [s1, as] = RA.mapAccum(self, s, f)
+  return [s1, unsafeFromArray(as)]
+})
+
+/**
+ * Separate elements based on a predicate that also exposes the index of the element.
+ *
+ * @category filtering
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const partition: {
+  <C extends A, B extends A, A = C>(refinement: Refinement<A, B>): (self: Chunk<C>) => [Chunk<Exclude<C, B>>, Chunk<B>]
+  <B extends A, A = B>(predicate: (a: A) => boolean): (self: Chunk<B>) => [Chunk<B>, Chunk<B>]
+  <C extends A, B extends A, A = C>(self: Chunk<C>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): [Chunk<Exclude<C, B>>, Chunk<B>]
+  <B extends A, A = B>(self: Chunk<B>, predicate: (a: A) => boolean): [Chunk<B>, Chunk<B>]
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <B extends A, A = B>(self: Chunk<B>, predicate: (a: A) => boolean): [Chunk<B>, Chunk<B>] =>
+    pipe(
+      RA.partition(toReadonlyArray(self), predicate),
+      ([l, r]) => [unsafeFromArray(l), unsafeFromArray(r)]
+    )
+)
+
+/**
+ * Partitions the elements of this chunk into two chunks using f.
+ *
+ * @category filtering
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const partitionMap: {
+  <A, B, C>(f: (a: A) => Either<B, C>): (self: Chunk<A>) => [Chunk<B>, Chunk<C>]
+  <A, B, C>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => Either<B, C>): [Chunk<B>, Chunk<C>]
+} = dual(2, <A, B, C>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => Either<B, C>): [Chunk<B>, Chunk<C>] =>
+  pipe(
+    RA.partitionMap(toReadonlyArray(self), f),
+    ([l, r]) => [unsafeFromArray(l), unsafeFromArray(r)]
+  ))
+
+/**
+ * Partitions the elements of this chunk into two chunks.
+ *
+ * @category filtering
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const separate = <A, B>(self: Chunk<Either<A, B>>): [Chunk<A>, Chunk<B>] =>
+  pipe(
+    RA.separate(toReadonlyArray(self)),
+    ([l, r]) => [unsafeFromArray(l), unsafeFromArray(r)]
+  )
+
+/**
+ * Retireves the size of the chunk
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const size = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): number => self.length
+
+/**
+ * Sort the elements of a Chunk in increasing order, creating a new Chunk.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const sort: {
+  <B>(O: Order.Order<B>): <A extends B>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A>
+  <A extends B, B>(self: Chunk<A>, O: Order.Order<B>): Chunk<A>
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <A extends B, B>(self: Chunk<A>, O: Order.Order<B>): Chunk<A> => unsafeFromArray(RA.sort(toReadonlyArray(self), O))
+)
+
+/**
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const sortWith: {
+  <A, B>(f: (a: A) => B, order: Order.Order<B>): (self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => B, order: Order.Order<B>): Chunk<A>
+} = dual(
+  3,
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, f: (a: A) => B, order: Order.Order<B>): Chunk<A> => sort(self, Order.mapInput(order, f))
+)
+
+/**
+ *  Returns two splits of this chunk at the specified index.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const splitAt: {
+  (n: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => [Chunk<A>, Chunk<A>]
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): [Chunk<A>, Chunk<A>]
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): [Chunk<A>, Chunk<A>] => [take(self, n), drop(self, n)])
+
+/**
+ * Splits this chunk into `n` equally sized chunks.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const split: {
+  (n: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<Chunk<A>>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<Chunk<A>>
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number) => chunksOf(self, Math.ceil(self.length / Math.floor(n))))
+
+/**
+ * Splits this chunk on the first element that matches this predicate.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const splitWhere: {
+  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (self: Chunk<A>) => [Chunk<A>, Chunk<A>]
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>): [Chunk<A>, Chunk<A>]
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>): [Chunk<A>, Chunk<A>] => {
+  let i = 0
+  for (const a of toReadonlyArray(self)) {
+    if (predicate(a)) {
+      break
+    } else {
+      i++
+    }
+  }
+  return splitAt(self, i)
+})
+
+/**
+ * Returns every elements after the first.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const tail = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): Option<Chunk<A>> => self.length > 0 ? O.some(drop(self, 1)) : O.none()
+
+/**
+ * Returns every elements after the first.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const tailNonEmpty = <A>(self: NonEmptyChunk<A>): Chunk<A> => drop(self, 1)
+
+/**
+ * Takes the last `n` elements.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const takeRight: {
+  (n: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<A>
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, n: number): Chunk<A> => drop(self, self.length - n))
+
+/**
+ * Takes all elements so long as the predicate returns true.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const takeWhile: {
+  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>): Chunk<A>
+} = dual(2, <A>(self: Chunk<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>) => {
+  const res: Array<A> = []
+  for (const a of toReadonlyArray(self)) {
+    if (predicate(a)) {
+      res.push(a)
+    } else {
+      break
+    }
+  }
+  return unsafeFromArray(res)
+})
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Chunks of unique values, in order, from all given Chunks.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const union: {
+  <A>(that: Chunk<A>): <B>(self: Chunk<B>) => Chunk<A | B>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): Chunk<A | B>
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>) => unsafeFromArray(RA.union(toReadonlyArray(self), toReadonlyArray(that)))
+)
+
+/**
+ * Remove duplicates from an array, keeping the first occurrence of an element.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const dedupe = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): Chunk<A> => unsafeFromArray(RA.dedupe(toReadonlyArray(self)))
+
+/**
+ * Deduplicates adjacent elements that are identical.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category filtering
+ */
+export const dedupeAdjacent = <A>(self: Chunk<A>): Chunk<A> => unsafeFromArray(RA.dedupeAdjacent(self))
+
+/**
+ * Takes a `Chunk` of pairs and return two corresponding `Chunk`s.
+ *
+ * Note: The function is reverse of `zip`.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const unzip = <A, B>(self: Chunk<readonly [A, B]>): [Chunk<A>, Chunk<B>] => {
+  const [left, right] = RA.unzip(self)
+  return [unsafeFromArray(left), unsafeFromArray(right)]
+}
+
+/**
+ * Zips this chunk pointwise with the specified chunk using the specified combiner.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const zipWith: {
+  <A, B, C>(that: Chunk<B>, f: (a: A, b: B) => C): (self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<C>
+  <A, B, C>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>, f: (a: A, b: B) => C): Chunk<C>
+} = dual(
+  3,
+  <A, B, C>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>, f: (a: A, b: B) => C): Chunk<C> =>
+    unsafeFromArray(RA.zipWith(self, that, f))
+)
+
+/**
+ * Zips this chunk pointwise with the specified chunk.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ * @category elements
+ */
+export const zip: {
+  <B>(that: Chunk<B>): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<readonly [A, B]>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): Chunk<readonly [A, B]>
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, that: Chunk<B>): Chunk<readonly [A, B]> => zipWith(self, that, (a, b) => [a, b])
+)
+
+/**
+ * Delete the element at the specified index, creating a new `Chunk`,
+ * or returning the input if the index is out of bounds.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const remove: {
+  (i: number): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number): Chunk<A>
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number): Chunk<A> => unsafeFromArray(RA.remove(toReadonlyArray(self), i))
+)
+
+/**
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const modifyOption: {
+  <A, B>(i: number, f: (a: A) => B): (self: Chunk<A>) => Option<Chunk<A | B>>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number, f: (a: A) => B): Option<Chunk<A | B>>
+} = dual(
+  3,
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number, f: (a: A) => B): Option<Chunk<A | B>> =>
+    O.map(RA.modifyOption(toReadonlyArray(self), i, f), unsafeFromArray)
+)
+
+/**
+ * Apply a function to the element at the specified index, creating a new `Chunk`,
+ * or returning the input if the index is out of bounds.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const modify: {
+  <A, B>(i: number, f: (a: A) => B): (self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<A | B>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number, f: (a: A) => B): Chunk<A | B>
+} = dual(
+  3,
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number, f: (a: A) => B): Chunk<A | B> => O.getOrElse(modifyOption(self, i, f), () => self)
+)
+
+/**
+ * Change the element at the specified index, creating a new `Chunk`,
+ * or returning the input if the index is out of bounds.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const replace: {
+  <B>(i: number, b: B): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Chunk<B | A>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number, b: B): Chunk<B | A>
+} = dual(3, <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number, b: B): Chunk<B | A> => modify(self, i, () => b))
+
+/**
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const replaceOption: {
+  <B>(i: number, b: B): <A>(self: Chunk<A>) => Option<Chunk<B | A>>
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number, b: B): Option<Chunk<B | A>>
+} = dual(3, <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, i: number, b: B): Option<Chunk<B | A>> => modifyOption(self, i, () => b))
+
+/**
+ * Return a Chunk of length n with element i initialized with f(i).
+ *
+ * **Note**. `n` is normalized to an integer >= 1.
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const makeBy: {
+  <A>(f: (i: number) => A): (n: number) => NonEmptyChunk<A>
+  <A>(n: number, f: (i: number) => A): NonEmptyChunk<A>
+} = dual(2, (n, f) => fromIterable(RA.makeBy(n, f)))
+
+/**
+ * Create a non empty `Chunk` containing a range of integers, including both endpoints.
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const range = (start: number, end: number): NonEmptyChunk<number> =>
+  start <= end ? makeBy(end - start + 1, (i) => start + i) : of(start)
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// re-exports from ReadonlyArray
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function that checks if a `Chunk` contains a given value using the default `Equivalence`.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const contains: {
+  <A>(a: A): (self: Chunk<A>) => boolean
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, a: A): boolean
+} = RA.contains
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function that checks if a `Chunk` contains a given value using a provided `isEquivalent` function.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const containsWith: <A>(
+  isEquivalent: (self: A, that: A) => boolean
+) => {
+  (a: A): (self: Chunk<A>) => boolean
+  (self: Chunk<A>, a: A): boolean
+} = RA.containsWith
+
+/**
+ * Returns the first element that satisfies the specified
+ * predicate, or `None` if no such element exists.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const findFirst: {
+  <A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<A, B>): (self: Chunk<A>) => Option<B>
+  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): <B extends A>(self: Chunk<B>) => Option<B>
+  <A, B extends A>(self: Chunk<A>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): Option<B>
+  <B extends A, A>(self: Chunk<B>, predicate: Predicate<A>): Option<B>
+} = RA.findFirst
+
+/**
+ * Return the first index for which a predicate holds.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const findFirstIndex: {
+  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (self: Chunk<A>) => Option<number>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>): Option<number>
+} = RA.findFirstIndex
+
+/**
+ * Find the last element for which a predicate holds.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const findLast: {
+  <A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<A, B>): (self: Chunk<A>) => Option<B>
+  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): <B extends A>(self: Chunk<B>) => Option<B>
+  <A, B extends A>(self: Chunk<A>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): Option<B>
+  <B extends A, A>(self: Chunk<B>, predicate: Predicate<A>): Option<B>
+} = RA.findLast
+
+/**
+ * Return the last index for which a predicate holds.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const findLastIndex: {
+  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (self: Chunk<A>) => Option<number>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>): Option<number>
+} = RA.findLastIndex
+
+/**
+ * Check if a predicate holds true for every `Chunk` element.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const every: {
+  <A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<A, B>): (self: Chunk<A>) => self is Chunk<B>
+  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (self: Chunk<A>) => boolean
+  <A, B extends A>(self: Chunk<A>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): self is Chunk<B>
+  <A>(self: Chunk<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>): boolean
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <A, B extends A>(self: Chunk<A>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): self is Chunk<B> =>
+    RA.fromIterable(self).every(refinement)
+)
+
+/**
+ * Check if a predicate holds true for some `Chunk` element.
+ *
+ * @category elements
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const some: {
+  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): <B extends A>(self: Chunk<B>) => self is NonEmptyChunk<B>
+  <B extends A, A = B>(self: Chunk<B>, predicate: Predicate<A>): self is NonEmptyChunk<B>
+} = dual(
+  2,
+  <B extends A, A = B>(self: Chunk<B>, predicate: Predicate<A>): self is NonEmptyChunk<B> =>
+    RA.fromIterable(self).some(predicate)
+)
+
+/**
+ * Joins the elements together with "sep" in the middle.
+ *
+ * @category folding
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const join: {
+  (sep: string): (self: Chunk<string>) => string
+  (self: Chunk<string>, sep: string): string
+} = RA.join
+
+/**
+ * @category folding
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const reduce: {
+  <B, A>(b: B, f: (b: B, a: A, i: number) => B): (self: Chunk<A>) => B
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, b: B, f: (b: B, a: A, i: number) => B): B
+} = RA.reduce
+
+/**
+ * @category folding
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const reduceRight: {
+  <B, A>(b: B, f: (b: B, a: A, i: number) => B): (self: Chunk<A>) => B
+  <A, B>(self: Chunk<A>, b: B, f: (b: B, a: A, i: number) => B): B
+} = RA.reduceRight