effect 2.0.0-next.44 → 2.0.0-next.46

package/src/internal/core-effect.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2146 @@
+import type * as Cause from "../Cause"
+import * as Chunk from "../Chunk"
+import * as Clock from "../Clock"
+import * as Context from "../Context"
+import * as Duration from "../Duration"
+import type * as Effect from "../Effect"
+import * as Either from "../Either"
+import type * as Fiber from "../Fiber"
+import * as FiberId from "../FiberId"
+import type * as FiberRef from "../FiberRef"
+import * as FiberRefs from "../FiberRefs"
+import type * as FiberRefsPatch from "../FiberRefsPatch"
+import type { LazyArg } from "../Function"
+import { constFalse, constTrue, constVoid, dual, identity, pipe } from "../Function"
+import * as HashMap from "../HashMap"
+import * as HashSet from "../HashSet"
+import * as internalCause from "../internal/cause"
+import * as core from "../internal/core"
+import * as defaultServices from "../internal/defaultServices"
+import * as fiberRefsPatch from "../internal/fiberRefs/patch"
+import * as metricLabel from "../internal/metric/label"
+import * as runtimeFlags from "../internal/runtimeFlags"
+import * as SingleShotGen from "../internal/singleShotGen"
+import * as List from "../List"
+import type * as Logger from "../Logger"
+import * as LogLevel from "../LogLevel"
+import * as LogSpan from "../LogSpan"
+import type * as Metric from "../Metric"
+import type * as MetricLabel from "../MetricLabel"
+import * as Option from "../Option"
+import * as Predicate from "../Predicate"
+import type * as Random from "../Random"
+import * as ReadonlyArray from "../ReadonlyArray"
+import * as Ref from "../Ref"
+import type * as runtimeFlagsPatch from "../RuntimeFlagsPatch"
+import * as Tracer from "../Tracer"
+
+/* @internal */
+export const annotateLogs = dual<
+  {
+    (key: string, value: Logger.AnnotationValue): <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+    (
+      values: Record<string, Logger.AnnotationValue>
+    ): <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  },
+  {
+    <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, key: string, value: Logger.AnnotationValue): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+    <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, values: Record<string, Logger.AnnotationValue>): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  }
+>(
+  (args) => core.isEffect(args[0]),
+  function<R, E, A>() {
+    const args = arguments
+    return core.fiberRefLocallyWith(
+      args[0] as Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      core.currentLogAnnotations,
+      typeof args[1] === "string"
+        ? HashMap.set(args[1], args[2])
+        : (annotations) =>
+          Object.entries(args[1] as Record<string, Logger.AnnotationValue>).reduce(
+            (acc, [key, value]) => HashMap.set(acc, key, value),
+            annotations
+          )
+    )
+  }
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const asSome = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, E, Option.Option<A>> =>
+  core.map(self, Option.some)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const asSomeError = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, Option.Option<E>, A> =>
+  core.mapError(self, Option.some)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const asyncOption = <R, E, A>(
+  register: (callback: (_: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => void) => Option.Option<Effect.Effect<R, E, A>>,
+  blockingOn: FiberId.FiberId = FiberId.none
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, A> =>
+  core.asyncEither<R, E, A>(
+    (cb) => {
+      const option = register(cb)
+      switch (option._tag) {
+        case "None": {
+          return Either.left(core.unit)
+        }
+        case "Some": {
+          return Either.right(option.value)
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    blockingOn
+  )
+
+/* @internal */
+export const try_: {
+  <A, E>(options: { readonly try: LazyArg<A>; readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E }): Effect.Effect<never, E, A>
+  <A>(evaluate: LazyArg<A>): Effect.Effect<never, unknown, A>
+} = <A, E>(arg: LazyArg<A> | { readonly try: LazyArg<A>; readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E }) => {
+  let evaluate: LazyArg<A>
+  let onFailure: ((error: unknown) => E) | undefined = undefined
+  if (typeof arg === "function") {
+    evaluate = arg
+  } else {
+    evaluate = arg.try
+    onFailure = arg.catch
+  }
+  return core.sync(() => {
+    try {
+      return evaluate()
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw core.makeEffectError(internalCause.fail(
+        onFailure ? onFailure(error) : error
+      ))
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+/* @internal */
+export const _catch = dual<
+  <N extends keyof E, K extends E[N] & string, E, R1, E1, A1>(
+    discriminator: N,
+    options: {
+      readonly failure: K
+      readonly onFailure: (error: Extract<E, { [n in N]: K }>) => Effect.Effect<R1, E1, A1>
+    }
+  ) => <R, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<
+    R | R1,
+    Exclude<E, { [n in N]: K }> | E1,
+    A | A1
+  >,
+  <R, E, A, N extends keyof E, K extends E[N] & string, R1, E1, A1>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    discriminator: N,
+    options: {
+      readonly failure: K
+      readonly onFailure: (error: Extract<E, { [n in N]: K }>) => Effect.Effect<R1, E1, A1>
+    }
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R1, Exclude<E, { [n in N]: K }> | E1, A | A1>
+>(
+  // @ts-expect-error
+  3,
+  (self, tag, options) =>
+    core.catchAll(self, (e) => {
+      if (typeof e === "object" && e != null && tag in e && e[tag] === options.failure) {
+        return options.onFailure(e as any)
+      }
+      return core.fail(e as any)
+    })
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const catchAllDefect = dual<
+  <R2, E2, A2>(
+    f: (defect: unknown) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A | A2>,
+  <R, E, A, R2, E2, A2>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    f: (defect: unknown) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A | A2>
+>(2, (self, f) =>
+  core.catchAllCause(
+    self,
+    core.unified((cause) => {
+      const option = internalCause.find(cause, (_) => internalCause.isDieType(_) ? Option.some(_) : Option.none())
+      switch (option._tag) {
+        case "None": {
+          return core.failCause(cause)
+        }
+        case "Some": {
+          return f(option.value.defect)
+        }
+      }
+    })
+  ))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const catchSomeCause = dual<
+  <E, R2, E2, A2>(
+    f: (cause: Cause.Cause<E>) => Option.Option<Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>>
+  ) => <R, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A | A2>,
+  <R, E, A, R2, E2, A2>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    f: (cause: Cause.Cause<E>) => Option.Option<Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A | A2>
+>(
+  2,
+  <R, E, A, R2, E2, A2>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    f: (cause: Cause.Cause<E>) => Option.Option<Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>>
+  ) =>
+    core.matchCauseEffect(self, {
+      onFailure: (cause): Effect.Effect<R2, E | E2, A2> => {
+        const option = f(cause)
+        switch (option._tag) {
+          case "None": {
+            return core.failCause(cause)
+          }
+          case "Some": {
+            return option.value
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      onSuccess: core.succeed
+    })
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const catchSomeDefect = dual<
+  <R2, E2, A2>(
+    pf: (defect: unknown) => Option.Option<Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A | A2>,
+  <R, E, A, R2, E2, A2>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    pf: (defect: unknown) => Option.Option<Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A | A2>
+>(
+  2,
+  <R, E, A, R2, E2, A2>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, pf: (_: unknown) => Option.Option<Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>>) =>
+    core.catchAllCause(
+      self,
+      core.unified((cause) => {
+        const option = internalCause.find(cause, (_) => internalCause.isDieType(_) ? Option.some(_) : Option.none())
+        switch (option._tag) {
+          case "None": {
+            return core.failCause(cause)
+          }
+          case "Some": {
+            const optionEffect = pf(option.value.defect)
+            return optionEffect._tag === "Some" ? optionEffect.value : core.failCause(cause)
+          }
+        }
+      })
+    )
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const catchTag = dual<
+  <K extends (E extends { _tag: string } ? E["_tag"] : never), E, R1, E1, A1>(
+    k: K,
+    f: (e: Extract<E, { _tag: K }>) => Effect.Effect<R1, E1, A1>
+  ) => <R, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R1, Exclude<E, { _tag: K }> | E1, A | A1>,
+  <R, E, A, K extends (E extends { _tag: string } ? E["_tag"] : never), R1, E1, A1>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    k: K,
+    f: (e: Extract<E, { _tag: K }>) => Effect.Effect<R1, E1, A1>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R1, Exclude<E, { _tag: K }> | E1, A | A1>
+>(3, (self, k, f) => core.catchIf(self, Predicate.isTagged(k), f) as any)
+
+/** @internal */
+export const catchTags: {
+  <
+    E,
+    Cases extends (E extends { _tag: string } ? {
+        [K in E["_tag"]]+?: (error: Extract<E, { _tag: K }>) => Effect.Effect<any, any, any>
+      } :
+      {})
+  >(
+    cases: Cases
+  ): <R, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<
+    | R
+    | {
+      [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Effect.Effect<infer R, any, any>) ? R : never
+    }[keyof Cases],
+    | Exclude<E, { _tag: keyof Cases }>
+    | {
+      [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Effect.Effect<any, infer E, any>) ? E : never
+    }[keyof Cases],
+    | A
+    | {
+      [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Effect.Effect<any, any, infer A>) ? A : never
+    }[keyof Cases]
+  >
+  <
+    R,
+    E,
+    A,
+    Cases extends (E extends { _tag: string } ? {
+        [K in E["_tag"]]+?: (error: Extract<E, { _tag: K }>) => Effect.Effect<any, any, any>
+      } :
+      {})
+  >(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    cases: Cases
+  ): Effect.Effect<
+    | R
+    | {
+      [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Effect.Effect<infer R, any, any>) ? R : never
+    }[keyof Cases],
+    | Exclude<E, { _tag: keyof Cases }>
+    | {
+      [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Effect.Effect<any, infer E, any>) ? E : never
+    }[keyof Cases],
+    | A
+    | {
+      [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Effect.Effect<any, any, infer A>) ? A : never
+    }[keyof Cases]
+  >
+} = dual(2, (self, cases) => {
+  let keys: Array<string>
+  return core.catchIf(
+    self,
+    (e): e is { readonly _tag: string } => {
+      keys ??= Object.keys(cases)
+      return Predicate.isObject(e) && "_tag" in e && keys.includes(e["_tag"] as any)
+    },
+    (e) => cases[e["_tag"] as any](e as any)
+  )
+})
+
+/* @internal */
+export const cause = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, never, Cause.Cause<E>> =>
+  core.matchCause(self, { onFailure: identity, onSuccess: () => internalCause.empty })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const clockWith: <R, E, A>(f: (clock: Clock.Clock) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A> =
+  Clock.clockWith
+
+/* @internal */
+export const clock: Effect.Effect<never, never, Clock.Clock> = clockWith(core.succeed)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const delay = dual<
+  (duration: Duration.DurationInput) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, duration: Duration.DurationInput) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+>(2, (self, duration) => core.zipRight(Clock.sleep(duration), self))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const descriptorWith = <R, E, A>(
+  f: (descriptor: Fiber.Fiber.Descriptor) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, A> =>
+  core.withFiberRuntime((state, status) =>
+    f({
+      id: state.id(),
+      status,
+      interruptors: internalCause.interruptors(state.getFiberRef(core.currentInterruptedCause))
+    })
+  ) as Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+
+/* @internal */
+export const allowInterrupt: Effect.Effect<never, never, void> = descriptorWith(
+  (descriptor) =>
+    HashSet.size(descriptor.interruptors) > 0
+      ? core.interrupt
+      : core.unit
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const descriptor: Effect.Effect<never, never, Fiber.Fiber.Descriptor> = descriptorWith(core.succeed)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const diffFiberRefs = <R, E, A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [FiberRefsPatch.FiberRefsPatch, A]> => summarized(self, fiberRefs, fiberRefsPatch.diff)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const diffFiberRefsAndRuntimeFlags = <R, E, A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+) =>
+  summarized(
+    self,
+    core.zip(fiberRefs, core.runtimeFlags),
+    ([refs, flags], [refsNew, flagsNew]) =>
+      [fiberRefsPatch.diff(refs, refsNew), runtimeFlags.diff(flags, flagsNew)] as const
+  )
+
+/* @internal */
+export const Do: Effect.Effect<never, never, {}> = core.succeed({})
+
+/* @internal */
+export const bind = dual<
+  <N extends string, K, R2, E2, A>(
+    tag: Exclude<N, keyof K>,
+    f: (_: K) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A>
+  ) => <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, K>) => Effect.Effect<
+    R | R2,
+    E | E2,
+    Effect.MergeRecord<K, { [k in N]: A }>
+  >,
+  <R, E, N extends string, K, R2, E2, A>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, K>,
+    tag: Exclude<N, keyof K>,
+    f: (_: K) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<
+    R | R2,
+    E | E2,
+    Effect.MergeRecord<K, { [k in N]: A }>
+  >
+>(3, <R, E, N extends string, K, R2, E2, A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, K>,
+  tag: Exclude<N, keyof K>,
+  f: (_: K) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A>
+) =>
+  core.flatMap(self, (k) =>
+    core.map(
+      f(k),
+      (a): Effect.MergeRecord<K, { [k in N]: A }> => ({ ...k, [tag]: a } as any)
+    )))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const bindTo = dual<
+  <N extends string>(tag: N) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<
+    R,
+    E,
+    Record<N, A>
+  >,
+  <R, E, A, N extends string>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    tag: N
+  ) => Effect.Effect<
+    R,
+    E,
+    Record<N, A>
+  >
+>(
+  2,
+  <R, E, A, N extends string>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, tag: N): Effect.Effect<R, E, Record<N, A>> =>
+    core.map(self, (a) => ({ [tag]: a } as Record<N, A>))
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const bindValue = dual<
+  <N extends string, K, A>(
+    tag: Exclude<N, keyof K>,
+    f: (_: K) => A
+  ) => <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, K>) => Effect.Effect<
+    R,
+    E,
+    Effect.MergeRecord<K, { [k in N]: A }>
+  >,
+  <R, E, K, N extends string, A>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, K>,
+    tag: Exclude<N, keyof K>,
+    f: (_: K) => A
+  ) => Effect.Effect<
+    R,
+    E,
+    Effect.MergeRecord<K, { [k in N]: A }>
+  >
+>(3, <R, E, K, N extends string, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, K>, tag: Exclude<N, keyof K>, f: (_: K) => A) =>
+  core.map(
+    self,
+    (k): Effect.MergeRecord<K, { [k in N]: A }> => ({ ...k, [tag]: f(k) } as any)
+  ))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const dropUntil = dual<
+  <A, R, E>(
+    predicate: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>>,
+  <A, R, E>(
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    predicate: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>>
+>(2, <A, R, E>(
+  elements: Iterable<A>,
+  predicate: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+) =>
+  core.suspend(() => {
+    const iterator = elements[Symbol.iterator]()
+    const builder: Array<A> = []
+    let next: IteratorResult<A, any>
+    let dropping: Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean> = core.succeed(false)
+    let i = 0
+    while ((next = iterator.next()) && !next.done) {
+      const a = next.value
+      const index = i++
+      dropping = core.flatMap(dropping, (bool) => {
+        if (bool) {
+          builder.push(a)
+          return core.succeed(true)
+        }
+        return predicate(a, index)
+      })
+    }
+    return core.map(dropping, () => builder)
+  }))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const dropWhile = dual<
+  <R, E, A>(
+    f: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>>,
+  <R, E, A>(
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    f: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>>
+>(2, <R, E, A>(elements: Iterable<A>, f: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>) =>
+  core.suspend(() => {
+    const iterator = elements[Symbol.iterator]()
+    const builder: Array<A> = []
+    let next
+    let dropping: Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean> = core.succeed(true)
+    let i = 0
+    while ((next = iterator.next()) && !next.done) {
+      const a = next.value
+      const index = i++
+      dropping = core.flatMap(dropping, (d) =>
+        core.map(d ? f(a, index) : core.succeed(false), (b) => {
+          if (!b) {
+            builder.push(a)
+          }
+          return b
+        }))
+    }
+    return core.map(dropping, () => builder)
+  }))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const contextWith = <R, A>(f: (context: Context.Context<R>) => A): Effect.Effect<R, never, A> =>
+  core.map(core.context<R>(), f)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const eventually = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, never, A> =>
+  core.orElse(self, () => core.flatMap(core.yieldNow(), () => eventually(self)))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const filterMap = dual<
+  <A, B>(
+    pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<B>
+  ) => <R, E>(elements: Iterable<Effect.Effect<R, E, A>>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<B>>,
+  <R, E, A, B>(
+    elements: Iterable<Effect.Effect<R, E, A>>,
+    pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<B>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<B>>
+>(2, (elements, pf) =>
+  core.map(
+    core.forEachSequential(elements, identity),
+    ReadonlyArray.filterMap(pf)
+  ))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const filterOrDie = dual<
+  {
+    <A, B extends A, X extends A>(
+      filter: Predicate.Refinement<A, B>,
+      orDieWith: (a: X) => unknown
+    ): <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, B>
+    <A, X extends A, Y extends A>(
+      filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+      orDieWith: (a: Y) => unknown
+    ): <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  },
+  {
+    <R, E, A, B extends A, X extends A>(
+      self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      filter: Predicate.Refinement<A, B>,
+      orDieWith: (a: X) => unknown
+    ): Effect.Effect<R, E, B>
+    <R, E, A, X extends A, Y extends A>(
+      self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+      orDieWith: (a: Y) => unknown
+    ): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  }
+>(3, <R, E, A, X extends A, Y extends A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+  orDieWith: (a: Y) => unknown
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, A> => filterOrElse(self, filter, (a) => core.dieSync(() => orDieWith(a as Y))))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const filterOrDieMessage = dual<
+  {
+    <A, B extends A>(
+      filter: Predicate.Refinement<A, B>,
+      message: string
+    ): <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, B>
+    <A, X extends A>(
+      filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+      message: string
+    ): <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  },
+  {
+    <R, E, A, B extends A>(
+      self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      filter: Predicate.Refinement<A, B>,
+      message: string
+    ): Effect.Effect<R, E, B>
+    <R, E, A, X extends A>(
+      self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+      message: string
+    ): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  }
+>(3, <R, E, A, X extends A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+  message: string
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, A> => filterOrElse(self, filter, () => core.dieMessage(message)))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const filterOrElse = dual<
+  {
+    <A, B extends A, X extends A, R2, E2, C>(
+      filter: Predicate.Refinement<A, B>,
+      orElse: (a: X) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, C>
+    ): <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, B | C>
+    <A, X extends A, Y extends A, R2, E2, B>(
+      filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+      orElse: (a: Y) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, B>
+    ): <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A | B>
+  },
+  {
+    <R, E, A, B extends A, X extends A, R2, E2, C>(
+      self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      filter: Predicate.Refinement<A, B>,
+      orElse: (a: X) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, C>
+    ): Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, B | C>
+    <R, E, A, X extends A, Y extends A, R2, E2, B>(
+      self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+      orElse: (a: Y) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, B>
+    ): Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A | B>
+  }
+>(3, <R, E, A, R2, E2, B>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  filter: Predicate.Predicate<A>,
+  orElse: (a: A) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, B>
+): Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A | B> =>
+  core.flatMap(
+    self,
+    (a) => filter(a) ? core.succeed<A | B>(a) : orElse(a)
+  ))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const filterOrFail = dual<
+  {
+    <A, B extends A, X extends A, E2>(
+      filter: Predicate.Refinement<A, B>,
+      orFailWith: (a: X) => E2
+    ): <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E | E2, B>
+    <A, X extends A, Y extends A, E2>(
+      filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+      orFailWith: (a: Y) => E2
+    ): <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E | E2, A>
+  },
+  {
+    <R, E, A, B extends A, X extends A, E2>(
+      self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      filter: Predicate.Refinement<A, B>,
+      orFailWith: (a: X) => E2
+    ): Effect.Effect<R, E | E2, B>
+    <R, E, A, X extends A, Y extends A, E2>(
+      self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+      orFailWith: (a: Y) => E2
+    ): Effect.Effect<R, E | E2, A>
+  }
+>(3, <R, E, A, X extends A, Y extends A, E2>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  filter: Predicate.Predicate<X>,
+  orFailWith: (a: Y) => E2
+): Effect.Effect<R, E | E2, A> => filterOrElse(self, filter, (a) => core.failSync(() => orFailWith(a as Y))))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const findFirst = dual<
+  <A, R, E>(
+    f: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Option.Option<A>>,
+  <A, R, E>(
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    f: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Option.Option<A>>
+>(2, (elements, f) =>
+  core.suspend(() => {
+    const iterator = elements[Symbol.iterator]()
+    const next = iterator.next()
+    if (!next.done) {
+      return findLoop(iterator, 0, f, next.value)
+    }
+    return core.succeed(Option.none())
+  }))
+
+const findLoop = <A, R, E>(
+  iterator: Iterator<A>,
+  index: number,
+  f: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>,
+  value: A
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, Option.Option<A>> =>
+  core.flatMap(f(value, index), (result) => {
+    if (result) {
+      return core.succeed(Option.some(value))
+    }
+    const next = iterator.next()
+    if (!next.done) {
+      return findLoop(iterator, index + 1, f, next.value)
+    }
+    return core.succeed(Option.none())
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const firstSuccessOf = <R, E, A>(effects: Iterable<Effect.Effect<R, E, A>>): Effect.Effect<R, E, A> =>
+  core.suspend(() => {
+    const list = Chunk.fromIterable(effects)
+    if (!Chunk.isNonEmpty(list)) {
+      return core.dieSync(() => internalCause.IllegalArgumentException(`Received an empty collection of effects`))
+    }
+    return pipe(
+      Chunk.tailNonEmpty(list),
+      ReadonlyArray.reduce(Chunk.headNonEmpty(list), (left, right) => core.orElse(left, () => right))
+    )
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const flipWith = dual<
+  <R, A, E, R2, A2, E2>(
+    f: (effect: Effect.Effect<R, A, E>) => Effect.Effect<R2, A2, E2>
+  ) => (self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>,
+  <R, A, E, R2, A2, E2>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    f: (effect: Effect.Effect<R, A, E>) => Effect.Effect<R2, A2, E2>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, A2>
+>(2, (self, f) => core.flip(f(core.flip(self))))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const match = dual<
+  <E, A, A2, A3>(
+    options: {
+      readonly onFailure: (error: E) => A2
+      readonly onSuccess: (value: A) => A3
+    }
+  ) => <R>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, never, A2 | A3>,
+  <R, E, A, A2, A3>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    options: {
+      readonly onFailure: (error: E) => A2
+      readonly onSuccess: (value: A) => A3
+    }
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, never, A2 | A3>
+>(2, (self, { onFailure, onSuccess }) =>
+  core.matchEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (e) => core.succeed(onFailure(e)),
+    onSuccess: (a) => core.succeed(onSuccess(a))
+  }))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const every = dual<
+  <R, E, A>(
+    f: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>,
+  <R, E, A>(elements: Iterable<A>, f: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+>(2, (elements, f) => core.suspend(() => forAllLoop(elements[Symbol.iterator](), 0, f)))
+
+const forAllLoop = <R, E, A>(
+  iterator: Iterator<A>,
+  index: number,
+  f: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean> => {
+  const next = iterator.next()
+  return next.done
+    ? core.succeed(true)
+    : core.flatMap(
+      f(next.value, index),
+      (b) => b ? forAllLoop(iterator, index + 1, f) : core.succeed(b)
+    )
+}
+
+/* @internal */
+export const forever = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, E, never> => {
+  const loop: Effect.Effect<R, E, never> = core.flatMap(core.flatMap(self, () => core.yieldNow()), () => loop)
+  return loop
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+class EffectGen {
+  constructor(readonly value: Effect.Effect<any, any, any>) {
+  }
+  [Symbol.iterator]() {
+    return new SingleShotGen.SingleShotGen(this)
+  }
+}
+
+const adapter = function() {
+  let x = arguments[0]
+  for (let i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+    x = arguments[i](x)
+  }
+  return new EffectGen(x) as any
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inspired by https://github.com/tusharmath/qio/pull/22 (revised)
+  @internal */
+export const gen: typeof Effect.gen = function() {
+  let f: any
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    f = arguments[0]
+  } else {
+    f = arguments[1].bind(arguments[0])
+  }
+  return core.suspend(() => {
+    const iterator = f(adapter)
+    const state = iterator.next()
+    const run = (
+      state: IteratorYieldResult<any> | IteratorReturnResult<any>
+    ): Effect.Effect<any, any, any> => (state.done
+      ? core.succeed(state.value)
+      : pipe(
+        state.value.value as unknown as Effect.Effect<any, any, any>,
+        core.flatMap((val: any) => run(iterator.next(val)))
+      ))
+    return run(state)
+  })
+}
+
+/* @internal */
+export const fiberRefs: Effect.Effect<never, never, FiberRefs.FiberRefs> = core.withFiberRuntime<
+  never,
+  never,
+  FiberRefs.FiberRefs
+>((state) => core.succeed(state.getFiberRefs()))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const head = <R, E, A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, Iterable<A>>
+): Effect.Effect<R, Option.Option<E>, A> =>
+  core.matchEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (e) => core.fail(Option.some(e)),
+    onSuccess: (as) => {
+      const iterator = as[Symbol.iterator]()
+      const next = iterator.next()
+      if (next.done) {
+        return core.fail(Option.none())
+      }
+      return core.succeed(next.value)
+    }
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const ignore = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, never, void> =>
+  match(self, { onFailure: constVoid, onSuccess: constVoid })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const ignoreLogged = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, never, void> =>
+  core.matchCauseEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (cause) => logDebug(cause, "An error was silently ignored because it is not anticipated to be useful"),
+    onSuccess: () => core.unit
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const inheritFiberRefs = (childFiberRefs: FiberRefs.FiberRefs) =>
+  updateFiberRefs((parentFiberId, parentFiberRefs) => FiberRefs.joinAs(parentFiberRefs, parentFiberId, childFiberRefs))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const isFailure = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, never, boolean> =>
+  match(self, { onFailure: constTrue, onSuccess: constFalse })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const isSuccess = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, never, boolean> =>
+  match(self, { onFailure: constFalse, onSuccess: constTrue })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const iterate = <Z, R, E>(
+  initial: Z,
+  options: {
+    readonly while: (z: Z) => boolean
+    readonly body: (z: Z) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+  }
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, Z> =>
+  core.suspend<R, E, Z>(() => {
+    if (options.while(initial)) {
+      return core.flatMap(options.body(initial), (z2) => iterate(z2, options))
+    }
+    return core.succeed(initial)
+  })
+
+const logWithLevel = (level?: LogLevel.LogLevel) =>
+<A>(
+  messageOrCause: A,
+  supplementary?: A extends Cause.Cause<any> ? unknown : Cause.Cause<unknown>
+): Effect.Effect<never, never, void> => {
+  const levelOption = Option.fromNullable(level)
+  let message: unknown
+  let cause: Cause.Cause<unknown>
+  if (internalCause.isCause(messageOrCause)) {
+    cause = messageOrCause
+    message = (supplementary as unknown) ?? ""
+  } else {
+    message = messageOrCause
+    cause = (supplementary as Cause.Cause<unknown>) ?? internalCause.empty
+  }
+  return core.withFiberRuntime<never, never, void>((fiberState) => {
+    fiberState.log(message, cause, levelOption)
+    return core.unit
+  })
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+export const log: <A>(
+  messageOrCause: A,
+  supplementary?: A extends Cause.Cause<any> ? unknown : Cause.Cause<unknown>
+) => Effect.Effect<never, never, void> = logWithLevel()
+
+/** @internal */
+export const logTrace: <A>(
+  messageOrCause: A,
+  supplementary?: A extends Cause.Cause<any> ? unknown : Cause.Cause<unknown>
+) => Effect.Effect<never, never, void> = logWithLevel(LogLevel.Trace)
+
+/** @internal */
+export const logDebug: <A>(
+  messageOrCause: A,
+  supplementary?: A extends Cause.Cause<any> ? unknown : Cause.Cause<unknown>
+) => Effect.Effect<never, never, void> = logWithLevel(LogLevel.Debug)
+
+/** @internal */
+export const logInfo: <A>(
+  messageOrCause: A,
+  supplementary?: A extends Cause.Cause<any> ? unknown : Cause.Cause<unknown>
+) => Effect.Effect<never, never, void> = logWithLevel(LogLevel.Info)
+
+/** @internal */
+export const logWarning: <A>(
+  messageOrCause: A,
+  supplementary?: A extends Cause.Cause<any> ? unknown : Cause.Cause<unknown>
+) => Effect.Effect<never, never, void> = logWithLevel(LogLevel.Warning)
+
+/** @internal */
+export const logError: <A>(
+  messageOrCause: A,
+  supplementary?: A extends Cause.Cause<any> ? unknown : Cause.Cause<unknown>
+) => Effect.Effect<never, never, void> = logWithLevel(LogLevel.Error)
+
+/** @internal */
+export const logFatal: <A>(
+  messageOrCause: A,
+  supplementary?: A extends Cause.Cause<any> ? unknown : Cause.Cause<unknown>
+) => Effect.Effect<never, never, void> = logWithLevel(LogLevel.Fatal)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const withLogSpan = dual<
+  (label: string) => <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, label: string) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+>(2, (effect, label) =>
+  core.flatMap(Clock.currentTimeMillis, (now) =>
+    core.fiberRefLocallyWith(
+      effect,
+      core.currentLogSpan,
+      List.prepend(LogSpan.make(label, now))
+    )))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const logAnnotations: Effect.Effect<never, never, HashMap.HashMap<string, Logger.AnnotationValue>> = core
+  .fiberRefGet(
+    core.currentLogAnnotations
+  )
+
+/* @internal */
+// @ts-expect-error
+export const loop: {
+  <Z, R, E, A>(
+    initial: Z,
+    options: {
+      readonly while: (z: Z) => boolean
+      readonly step: (z: Z) => Z
+      readonly body: (z: Z) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+      readonly discard?: false | undefined
+    }
+  ): Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>>
+  <Z, R, E, A>(
+    initial: Z,
+    options: {
+      readonly while: (z: Z) => boolean
+      readonly step: (z: Z) => Z
+      readonly body: (z: Z) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+      readonly discard: true
+    }
+  ): Effect.Effect<R, E, void>
+} = <Z, R, E, A>(
+  initial: Z,
+  options: {
+    readonly while: (z: Z) => boolean
+    readonly step: (z: Z) => Z
+    readonly body: (z: Z) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+    readonly discard?: boolean
+  }
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>> | Effect.Effect<R, E, void> =>
+  options.discard
+    ? loopDiscard(initial, options.while, options.step, options.body)
+    : core.map(loopInternal(initial, options.while, options.step, options.body), (x) => Array.from(x))
+
+const loopInternal = <Z, R, E, A>(
+  initial: Z,
+  cont: (z: Z) => boolean,
+  inc: (z: Z) => Z,
+  body: (z: Z) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, List.List<A>> =>
+  core.suspend(() =>
+    cont(initial)
+      ? core.flatMap(body(initial), (a) =>
+        core.map(
+          loopInternal(inc(initial), cont, inc, body),
+          List.prepend(a)
+        ))
+      : core.sync(() => List.empty())
+  )
+
+const loopDiscard = <Z, R, E, X>(
+  initial: Z,
+  cont: (z: Z) => boolean,
+  inc: (z: Z) => Z,
+  body: (z: Z) => Effect.Effect<R, E, X>
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, void> =>
+  core.suspend(() =>
+    cont(initial)
+      ? core.flatMap(
+        body(initial),
+        () => loopDiscard(inc(initial), cont, inc, body)
+      )
+      : core.unit
+  )
+
+/* @internal */
+export const mapAccum = dual<
+  <A, B, R, E, Z>(
+    zero: Z,
+    f: (z: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [Z, B]>
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [Z, Array<B>]>,
+  <A, B, R, E, Z>(
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    zero: Z,
+    f: (z: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [Z, B]>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [Z, Array<B>]>
+>(3, <A, B, R, E, Z>(
+  elements: Iterable<A>,
+  zero: Z,
+  f: (z: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [Z, B]>
+) =>
+  core.suspend(() => {
+    const iterator = elements[Symbol.iterator]()
+    const builder: Array<B> = []
+    let result: Effect.Effect<R, E, Z> = core.succeed(zero)
+    let next: IteratorResult<A, any>
+    let i = 0
+    while (!(next = iterator.next()).done) {
+      const index = i++
+      result = core.flatMap(result, (state) =>
+        core.map(f(state, next.value, index), ([z, b]) => {
+          builder.push(b)
+          return z
+        }))
+    }
+    return core.map(result, (z) => [z, builder] as const)
+  }))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const mapErrorCause = dual<
+  <E, E2>(
+    f: (cause: Cause.Cause<E>) => Cause.Cause<E2>
+  ) => <R, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E2, A>,
+  <R, E, A, E2>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, f: (cause: Cause.Cause<E>) => Cause.Cause<E2>) => Effect.Effect<R, E2, A>
+>(2, (self, f) =>
+  core.matchCauseEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (c) => core.failCauseSync(() => f(c)),
+    onSuccess: core.succeed
+  }))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const memoize = <R, E, A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+): Effect.Effect<never, never, Effect.Effect<R, E, A>> =>
+  pipe(
+    core.deferredMake<
+      E,
+      readonly [
+        readonly [
+          FiberRefsPatch.FiberRefsPatch,
+          runtimeFlagsPatch.RuntimeFlagsPatch
+        ],
+        A
+      ]
+    >(),
+    core.flatMap((deferred) =>
+      pipe(
+        diffFiberRefsAndRuntimeFlags(self),
+        core.intoDeferred(deferred),
+        once,
+        core.map((complete) =>
+          core.zipRight(
+            complete,
+            pipe(
+              core.deferredAwait(deferred),
+              core.flatMap(([patch, a]) =>
+                core.as(core.zip(patchFiberRefs(patch[0]), core.updateRuntimeFlags(patch[1])), a)
+              )
+            )
+          )
+        )
+      )
+    )
+  )
+
+/* @internal */
+export const merge = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, never, E | A> =>
+  core.matchEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (e) => core.succeed(e),
+    onSuccess: core.succeed
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const negate = <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>): Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean> =>
+  core.map(self, (b) => !b)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const none = <R, E, A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, Option.Option<A>>
+): Effect.Effect<R, Option.Option<E>, void> =>
+  core.matchEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (e) => core.fail(Option.some(e)),
+    onSuccess: (option) => {
+      switch (option._tag) {
+        case "None": {
+          return core.unit
+        }
+        case "Some": {
+          return core.fail(Option.none())
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const once = <R, E, A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+): Effect.Effect<never, never, Effect.Effect<R, E, void>> =>
+  core.map(
+    Ref.make(true),
+    (ref) => core.asUnit(core.whenEffect(self, Ref.getAndSet(ref, false)))
+  )
+
+/* @internal */
+export const option = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, never, Option.Option<A>> =>
+  core.matchEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: () => core.succeed(Option.none()),
+    onSuccess: (a) => core.succeed(Option.some(a))
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const orElseFail = dual<
+  <E2>(evaluate: LazyArg<E2>) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E2, A>,
+  <R, E, A, E2>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, evaluate: LazyArg<E2>) => Effect.Effect<R, E2, A>
+>(2, (self, evaluate) => core.orElse(self, () => core.failSync(evaluate)))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const orElseSucceed = dual<
+  <A2>(evaluate: LazyArg<A2>) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, never, A | A2>,
+  <R, E, A, A2>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, evaluate: LazyArg<A2>) => Effect.Effect<R, never, A | A2>
+>(2, (self, evaluate) => core.orElse(self, () => core.sync(evaluate)))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const parallelErrors = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, Array<E>, A> =>
+  core.matchCauseEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (cause) => {
+      const errors = Array.from(internalCause.failures(cause))
+      return errors.length === 0
+        ? core.failCause(cause as Cause.Cause<never>)
+        : core.fail(errors)
+    },
+    onSuccess: core.succeed
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const patchFiberRefs = (patch: FiberRefsPatch.FiberRefsPatch): Effect.Effect<never, never, void> =>
+  updateFiberRefs((fiberId, fiberRefs) => pipe(patch, fiberRefsPatch.patch(fiberId, fiberRefs)))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const promise = <A>(evaluate: (signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<A>): Effect.Effect<never, never, A> =>
+  evaluate.length >= 1
+    ? core.async<never, never, A>((resolve, signal) => {
+      evaluate(signal)
+        .then((a) => resolve(core.exitSucceed(a)))
+        .catch((e) => resolve(core.exitDie(e)))
+    })
+    : core.async<never, never, A>((resolve) => {
+      ;(evaluate as LazyArg<Promise<A>>)()
+        .then((a) => resolve(core.exitSucceed(a)))
+        .catch((e) => resolve(core.exitDie(e)))
+    })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const provideService = dual<
+  <T extends Context.Tag<any, any>>(
+    tag: T,
+    service: Context.Tag.Service<T>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<Exclude<R, Context.Tag.Identifier<T>>, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A, T extends Context.Tag<any, any>>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    tag: T,
+    service: Context.Tag.Service<T>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<Exclude<R, Context.Tag.Identifier<T>>, E, A>
+>(3, (self, tag, service) => provideServiceEffect(self, tag, core.succeed(service)))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const provideServiceEffect = dual<
+  <T extends Context.Tag<any, any>, R1, E1>(
+    tag: T,
+    effect: Effect.Effect<R1, E1, Context.Tag.Service<T>>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R1 | Exclude<R, Context.Tag.Identifier<T>>, E | E1, A>,
+  <R, E, A, T extends Context.Tag<any, any>, R1, E1>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    tag: T,
+    effect: Effect.Effect<R1, E1, Context.Tag.Service<T>>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R1 | Exclude<R, Context.Tag.Identifier<T>>, E | E1, A>
+>(3, <R, E, A, T extends Context.Tag<any, any>, R1, E1>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  tag: T,
+  effect: Effect.Effect<R1, E1, Context.Tag.Service<T>>
+) =>
+  core.contextWithEffect((env: Context.Context<R1 | Exclude<R, Context.Tag.Identifier<T>>>) =>
+    core.flatMap(
+      effect,
+      (service) => core.provideContext(self, pipe(env, Context.add(tag, service)) as Context.Context<R | R1>)
+    )
+  ))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const random: Effect.Effect<never, never, Random.Random> = defaultServices.randomWith(core.succeed)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const reduce = dual<
+  <Z, A, R, E>(
+    zero: Z,
+    f: (z: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>,
+  <Z, A, R, E>(
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    zero: Z,
+    f: (z: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+>(
+  3,
+  <Z, A, R, E>(elements: Iterable<A>, zero: Z, f: (z: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>) =>
+    ReadonlyArray.fromIterable(elements).reduce(
+      (acc, el, i) => core.flatMap(acc, (a) => f(a, el, i)),
+      core.succeed(zero) as Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+    )
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const reduceRight = dual<
+  <A, Z, R, E>(
+    zero: Z,
+    f: (a: A, z: Z, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>,
+  <A, Z, R, E>(
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    zero: Z,
+    f: (a: A, z: Z, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+>(
+  3,
+  <A, Z, R, E>(elements: Iterable<A>, zero: Z, f: (a: A, z: Z, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>) =>
+    ReadonlyArray.fromIterable(elements).reduceRight(
+      (acc, el, i) => core.flatMap(acc, (a) => f(el, a, i)),
+      core.succeed(zero) as Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+    )
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const reduceWhile = dual<
+  <A, R, E, Z>(
+    zero: Z,
+    options: {
+      readonly while: Predicate.Predicate<Z>
+      readonly body: (s: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+    }
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>,
+  <A, R, E, Z>(
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    zero: Z,
+    options: {
+      readonly while: Predicate.Predicate<Z>
+      readonly body: (s: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+    }
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+>(3, <A, R, E, Z>(
+  elements: Iterable<A>,
+  zero: Z,
+  options: {
+    readonly while: Predicate.Predicate<Z>
+    readonly body: (s: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+  }
+) =>
+  core.flatMap(
+    core.sync(() => elements[Symbol.iterator]()),
+    (iterator) => reduceWhileLoop(iterator, 0, zero, options.while, options.body)
+  ))
+
+const reduceWhileLoop = <A, R, E, Z>(
+  iterator: Iterator<A>,
+  index: number,
+  state: Z,
+  predicate: Predicate.Predicate<Z>,
+  f: (s: Z, a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Z>
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, Z> => {
+  const next = iterator.next()
+  if (!next.done && predicate(state)) {
+    return core.flatMap(
+      f(state, next.value, index),
+      (nextState) => reduceWhileLoop(iterator, index + 1, nextState, predicate, f)
+    )
+  }
+  return core.succeed(state)
+}
+
+/* @internal */
+export const repeatN = dual<
+  (n: number) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, n: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+>(2, (self, n) => core.suspend(() => repeatNLoop(self, n)))
+
+/* @internal */
+const repeatNLoop = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, n: number): Effect.Effect<R, E, A> =>
+  core.flatMap(self, (a) =>
+    n <= 0
+      ? core.succeed(a)
+      : core.zipRight(core.yieldNow(), repeatNLoop(self, n - 1)))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const sandbox = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, Cause.Cause<E>, A> =>
+  core.matchCauseEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: core.fail,
+    onSuccess: core.succeed
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const setFiberRefs = (fiberRefs: FiberRefs.FiberRefs): Effect.Effect<never, never, void> =>
+  core.suspend(() => FiberRefs.setAll(fiberRefs))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const sleep: (duration: Duration.DurationInput) => Effect.Effect<never, never, void> = Clock.sleep
+
+/* @internal */
+export const succeedNone: Effect.Effect<never, never, Option.Option<never>> = core.succeed(Option.none())
+
+/* @internal */
+export const succeedSome = <A>(value: A): Effect.Effect<never, never, Option.Option<A>> =>
+  core.succeed(Option.some(value))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const summarized = dual<
+  <R2, E2, B, C>(
+    summary: Effect.Effect<R2, E2, B>,
+    f: (start: B, end: B) => C
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, readonly [C, A]>,
+  <R, E, A, R2, E2, B, C>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    summary: Effect.Effect<R2, E2, B>,
+    f: (start: B, end: B) => C
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, readonly [C, A]>
+>(
+  3,
+  (self, summary, f) =>
+    core.flatMap(
+      summary,
+      (start) => core.flatMap(self, (value) => core.map(summary, (end) => [f(start, end), value] as const))
+    )
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tagMetrics = dual<
+  {
+    (key: string, value: string): <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+    (
+      values: Record<string, string>
+    ): <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  },
+  {
+    <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, key: string, value: string): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+    <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, values: Record<string, string>): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  }
+>((args) => core.isEffect(args[0]), function() {
+  return labelMetrics(
+    arguments[0],
+    typeof arguments[1] === "string"
+      ? [metricLabel.make(arguments[1], arguments[2])]
+      : Object.entries<string>(arguments[1]).map(([k, v]) => metricLabel.make(k, v))
+  )
+})
+
+/* @internal */
+export const labelMetrics = dual<
+  (labels: Iterable<MetricLabel.MetricLabel>) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, labels: Iterable<MetricLabel.MetricLabel>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+>(2, (self, labels) => labelMetricsSet(self, HashSet.fromIterable(labels)))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const labelMetricsSet = dual<
+  (labels: HashSet.HashSet<MetricLabel.MetricLabel>) => <R, E, A>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, labels: HashSet.HashSet<MetricLabel.MetricLabel>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+>(
+  2,
+  (self, labels) => core.fiberRefLocallyWith(core.currentMetricLabels, (set) => pipe(set, HashSet.union(labels)))(self)
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const takeUntil = dual<
+  <R, E, A>(
+    predicate: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>>,
+  <R, E, A>(
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    predicate: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>>
+>(
+  2,
+  <R, E, A>(elements: Iterable<A>, predicate: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>) =>
+    core.suspend(() => {
+      const iterator = elements[Symbol.iterator]()
+      const builder: Array<A> = []
+      let next: IteratorResult<A, any>
+      let effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean> = core.succeed(false)
+      let i = 0
+      while ((next = iterator.next()) && !next.done) {
+        const a = next.value
+        const index = i++
+        effect = core.flatMap(effect, (bool) => {
+          if (bool) {
+            return core.succeed(true)
+          }
+          builder.push(a)
+          return predicate(a, index)
+        })
+      }
+      return core.map(effect, () => builder)
+    })
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const takeWhile = dual<
+  <R, E, A>(
+    predicate: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => (elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>>,
+  <R, E, A>(
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    predicate: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Array<A>>
+>(
+  2,
+  <R, E, A>(elements: Iterable<A>, predicate: (a: A, i: number) => Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean>) =>
+    core.suspend(() => {
+      const iterator = elements[Symbol.iterator]()
+      const builder: Array<A> = []
+      let next: IteratorResult<A, any>
+      let taking: Effect.Effect<R, E, boolean> = core.succeed(true)
+      let i = 0
+      while ((next = iterator.next()) && !next.done) {
+        const a = next.value
+        const index = i++
+        taking = core.flatMap(taking, (taking) =>
+          pipe(
+            taking ? predicate(a, index) : core.succeed(false),
+            core.map((bool) => {
+              if (bool) {
+                builder.push(a)
+              }
+              return bool
+            })
+          ))
+      }
+      return core.map(taking, () => builder)
+    })
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tapBoth = dual<
+  <E, XE extends E, A, XA extends A, R2, E2, X, R3, E3, X1>(
+    options: {
+      readonly onFailure: (e: XE) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, X>
+      readonly onSuccess: (a: XA) => Effect.Effect<R3, E3, X1>
+    }
+  ) => <R>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2 | R3, E | E2 | E3, A>,
+  <R, E, A, XE extends E, XA extends A, R2, E2, X, R3, E3, X1>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    options: {
+      readonly onFailure: (e: XE) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, X>
+      readonly onSuccess: (a: XA) => Effect.Effect<R3, E3, X1>
+    }
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R2 | R3, E | E2 | E3, A>
+>(2, (self, { onFailure, onSuccess }) =>
+  core.matchCauseEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (cause) => {
+      const either = internalCause.failureOrCause(cause)
+      switch (either._tag) {
+        case "Left": {
+          return core.zipRight(onFailure(either.left as any), core.failCause(cause))
+        }
+        case "Right": {
+          return core.failCause(cause)
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    onSuccess: (a) => core.as(onSuccess(a as any), a)
+  }))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tapDefect = dual<
+  <R2, E2, X>(
+    f: (cause: Cause.Cause<never>) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, X>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A>,
+  <R, E, A, R2, E2, X>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    f: (cause: Cause.Cause<never>) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, X>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A>
+>(2, (self, f) =>
+  core.catchAllCause(self, (cause) =>
+    Option.match(internalCause.keepDefects(cause), {
+      onNone: () => core.failCause(cause),
+      onSome: (a) => core.zipRight(f(a), core.failCause(cause))
+    })))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tapError = dual<
+  <E, XE extends E, R2, E2, X>(
+    f: (e: XE) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, X>
+  ) => <R, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A>,
+  <R, E, XE extends E, A, R2, E2, X>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    f: (e: XE) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, X>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A>
+>(2, (self, f) =>
+  core.matchCauseEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (cause) => {
+      const either = internalCause.failureOrCause(cause)
+      switch (either._tag) {
+        case "Left": {
+          return core.zipRight(f(either.left as any), core.failCause(cause))
+        }
+        case "Right": {
+          return core.failCause(cause)
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    onSuccess: core.succeed
+  }))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tapErrorTag = dual<
+  <K extends (E extends { _tag: string } ? E["_tag"] : never), E, R1, E1, A1>(
+    k: K,
+    f: (e: Extract<E, { _tag: K }>) => Effect.Effect<R1, E1, A1>
+  ) => <R, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R1, E | E1, A>,
+  <R, E, A, K extends (E extends { _tag: string } ? E["_tag"] : never), R1, E1, A1>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    k: K,
+    f: (e: Extract<E, { _tag: K }>) => Effect.Effect<R1, E1, A1>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R1, E | E1, A>
+>(3, (self, k, f) =>
+  tapError(self, (e) => {
+    if (Predicate.isTagged(e, k)) {
+      return f(e as any)
+    }
+    return core.unit as any
+  }))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tapErrorCause = dual<
+  <E, XE extends E, R2, E2, X>(
+    f: (cause: Cause.Cause<XE>) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, X>
+  ) => <R, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A>,
+  <R, E, A, XE extends E, R2, E2, X>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    f: (cause: Cause.Cause<XE>) => Effect.Effect<R2, E2, X>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, A>
+>(2, (self, f) =>
+  core.matchCauseEffect(self, {
+    onFailure: (cause) => core.zipRight(f(cause as any), core.failCause(cause)),
+    onSuccess: core.succeed
+  }))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const timed = <R, E, A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+): Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [Duration.Duration, A]> => timedWith(self, Clock.currentTimeNanos)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const timedWith = dual<
+  <R1, E1>(
+    nanoseconds: Effect.Effect<R1, E1, bigint>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R1, E | E1, readonly [Duration.Duration, A]>,
+  <R, E, A, R1, E1>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    nanoseconds: Effect.Effect<R1, E1, bigint>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R1, E | E1, readonly [Duration.Duration, A]>
+>(
+  2,
+  (self, nanos) => summarized(self, nanos, (start, end) => Duration.nanos(end - start))
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tracerWith: <R, E, A>(f: (tracer: Tracer.Tracer) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A> =
+  Tracer.tracerWith
+
+/** @internal */
+export const tracer: Effect.Effect<never, never, Tracer.Tracer> = tracerWith(core.succeed)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tryPromise: {
+  <A, E>(
+    options: {
+      readonly try: (signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<A>
+      readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E
+    }
+  ): Effect.Effect<never, E, A>
+  <A>(try_: (signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<A>): Effect.Effect<never, unknown, A>
+} = <A, E>(
+  arg: ((signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<A>) | {
+    readonly try: (signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<A>
+    readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E
+  }
+): Effect.Effect<never, E | unknown, A> => {
+  let evaluate: (signal?: AbortSignal) => Promise<A>
+  let catcher: ((error: unknown) => E) | undefined = undefined
+
+  if (typeof arg === "function") {
+    evaluate = arg as (signal?: AbortSignal) => Promise<A>
+  } else {
+    evaluate = arg.try as (signal?: AbortSignal) => Promise<A>
+    catcher = arg.catch
+  }
+
+  if (evaluate.length >= 1) {
+    return core.suspend(() => {
+      const controller = new AbortController()
+      return core.flatMap(try_(() => evaluate(controller.signal)), (promise) =>
+        core.async((resolve) => {
+          promise
+            .then((a) => resolve(core.exitSucceed(a)))
+            .catch((e) =>
+              resolve(core.fail(
+                catcher ? catcher(e) : e
+              ))
+            )
+          return core.sync(() => controller.abort())
+        }))
+    })
+  }
+
+  return core.flatMap(
+    try_(
+      arg as {
+        readonly try: LazyArg<Promise<A>>
+        readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E
+      }
+    ),
+    (promise) =>
+      core.async<never, E, A>((resolve) => {
+        promise
+          .then((a) => resolve(core.exitSucceed(a)))
+          .catch((e) =>
+            resolve(core.fail(
+              catcher ? catcher(e) : e
+            ))
+          )
+      })
+  )
+}
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tryMap = dual<
+  <A, B, E1>(
+    options: {
+      readonly try: (a: A) => B
+      readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E1
+    }
+  ) => <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E | E1, B>,
+  <R, E, A, B, E1>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    options: {
+      readonly try: (a: A) => B
+      readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E1
+    }
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E | E1, B>
+>(2, (self, options) =>
+  core.flatMap(self, (a) =>
+    try_({
+      try: () => options.try(a),
+      catch: options.catch
+    })))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const tryMapPromise = dual<
+  <A, B, E1>(
+    options: {
+      readonly try: (a: A, signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<B>
+      readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E1
+    }
+  ) => <R, E>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E | E1, B>,
+  <R, E, A, B, E1>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    options: {
+      readonly try: (a: A, signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<B>
+      readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E1
+    }
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E | E1, B>
+>(2, <R, E, A, B, E1>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  options: {
+    readonly try: (a: A, signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<B>
+    readonly catch: (error: unknown) => E1
+  }
+): Effect.Effect<R, E | E1, B> =>
+  core.flatMap(self, (a) =>
+    tryPromise({
+      try: options.try.length >= 1
+        ? (signal) => options.try(a, signal)
+        : () => (options.try as (a: A) => Promise<B>)(a),
+      catch: options.catch
+    })))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const unless = dual<
+  (predicate: LazyArg<boolean>) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Option.Option<A>>,
+  <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, predicate: LazyArg<boolean>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Option.Option<A>>
+>(2, (self, predicate) =>
+  core.suspend(() =>
+    predicate()
+      ? succeedNone
+      : asSome(self)
+  ))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const unlessEffect = dual<
+  <R2, E2>(
+    predicate: Effect.Effect<R2, E2, boolean>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, Option.Option<A>>,
+  <R, E, A, R2, E2>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    predicate: Effect.Effect<R2, E2, boolean>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | R2, E | E2, Option.Option<A>>
+>(2, (self, predicate) => core.flatMap(predicate, (b) => (b ? succeedNone : asSome(self))))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const unsandbox = <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, Cause.Cause<E>, A>) =>
+  mapErrorCause(self, internalCause.flatten)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const updateFiberRefs = (
+  f: (fiberId: FiberId.Runtime, fiberRefs: FiberRefs.FiberRefs) => FiberRefs.FiberRefs
+): Effect.Effect<never, never, void> =>
+  core.withFiberRuntime<never, never, void>((state) => {
+    state.setFiberRefs(f(state.id(), state.getFiberRefs()))
+    return core.unit
+  })
+
+/* @internal */
+export const updateService = dual<
+  <T extends Context.Tag<any, any>>(
+    tag: T,
+    f: (service: Context.Tag.Service<T>) => Context.Tag.Service<T>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R | Context.Tag.Identifier<T>, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A, T extends Context.Tag<any, any>>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    tag: T,
+    f: (service: Context.Tag.Service<T>) => Context.Tag.Service<T>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R | Context.Tag.Identifier<T>, E, A>
+>(3, <R, E, A, T extends Context.Tag<any, any>>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  tag: T,
+  f: (service: Context.Tag.Service<T>) => Context.Tag.Service<T>
+) =>
+  core.mapInputContext(self, (context) =>
+    Context.add(
+      context,
+      tag,
+      f(Context.unsafeGet(context, tag))
+    )) as Effect.Effect<R | Context.Tag.Identifier<T>, E, A>)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const when = dual<
+  (predicate: LazyArg<boolean>) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Option.Option<A>>,
+  <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, predicate: LazyArg<boolean>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, Option.Option<A>>
+>(2, (self, predicate) =>
+  core.suspend(() =>
+    predicate()
+      ? core.map(self, Option.some)
+      : core.succeed(Option.none())
+  ))
+
+/* @internal */
+export const whenFiberRef = dual<
+  <S>(
+    fiberRef: FiberRef.FiberRef<S>,
+    predicate: Predicate.Predicate<S>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [S, Option.Option<A>]>,
+  <R, E, A, S>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    fiberRef: FiberRef.FiberRef<S>,
+    predicate: Predicate.Predicate<S>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [S, Option.Option<A>]>
+>(
+  3,
+  <R, E, A, S>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, fiberRef: FiberRef.FiberRef<S>, predicate: Predicate.Predicate<S>) =>
+    core.flatMap(core.fiberRefGet(fiberRef), (s) =>
+      predicate(s)
+        ? core.map(self, (a) => [s, Option.some(a)] as const)
+        : core.succeed<[S, Option.Option<A>]>([s, Option.none()]))
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const whenRef = dual<
+  <S>(
+    ref: Ref.Ref<S>,
+    predicate: Predicate.Predicate<S>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [S, Option.Option<A>]>,
+  <R, E, A, S>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    ref: Ref.Ref<S>,
+    predicate: Predicate.Predicate<S>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, readonly [S, Option.Option<A>]>
+>(
+  3,
+  <R, E, A, S>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, ref: Ref.Ref<S>, predicate: Predicate.Predicate<S>) =>
+    core.flatMap(Ref.get(ref), (s) =>
+      predicate(s)
+        ? core.map(self, (a) => [s, Option.some(a)] as const)
+        : core.succeed<[S, Option.Option<A>]>([s, Option.none()]))
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const withMetric = dual<
+  <Type, In, Out>(
+    metric: Metric.Metric<Type, In, Out>
+  ) => <R, E, A extends In>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A extends In, Type, In, Out>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    metric: Metric.Metric<Type, In, Out>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+>(2, (self, metric) => metric(self))
+
+/** @internal */
+export const serviceFunctionEffect = <T extends Context.Tag<any, any>, Args extends Array<any>, R, E, A>(
+  service: T,
+  f: (_: Context.Tag.Service<T>) => (...args: Args) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+) =>
+(...args: Args): Effect.Effect<R | Context.Tag.Identifier<T>, E, A> => core.flatMap(service, (a) => f(a)(...args))
+
+/** @internal */
+export const serviceFunction = <T extends Context.Tag<any, any>, Args extends Array<any>, A>(
+  service: T,
+  f: (_: Context.Tag.Service<T>) => (...args: Args) => A
+) =>
+(...args: Args): Effect.Effect<Context.Tag.Identifier<T>, never, A> => core.map(service, (a) => f(a)(...args))
+
+/** @internal */
+export const serviceFunctions = <I, S>(
+  tag: Context.Tag<I, S>
+): {
+  [k in { [k in keyof S]: S[k] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Effect.Effect<any, any, any> ? k : never }[keyof S]]:
+    S[k] extends (...args: infer Args) => Effect.Effect<infer R, infer E, infer A>
+      ? (...args: Args) => Effect.Effect<R | I, E, A>
+      : never
+} =>
+  new Proxy({} as any, {
+    get(_target: any, prop: any, _receiver) {
+      return (...args: Array<any>) => core.flatMap(tag, (s: any) => s[prop](...args))
+    }
+  })
+
+/** @internal */
+export const serviceConstants = <I, S>(
+  tag: Context.Tag<I, S>
+): {
+  [k in { [k in keyof S]: S[k] extends Effect.Effect<any, any, any> ? k : never }[keyof S]]: S[k] extends
+    Effect.Effect<infer R, infer E, infer A> ? Effect.Effect<R | I, E, A> : never
+} =>
+  new Proxy({} as any, {
+    get(_target: any, prop: any, _receiver) {
+      return core.flatMap(tag, (s: any) => s[prop])
+    }
+  })
+
+/** @internal */
+export const serviceMembers = <I, S>(tag: Context.Tag<I, S>): {
+  functions: {
+    [k in { [k in keyof S]: S[k] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Effect.Effect<any, any, any> ? k : never }[keyof S]]:
+      S[k] extends (...args: infer Args) => Effect.Effect<infer R, infer E, infer A>
+        ? (...args: Args) => Effect.Effect<R | I, E, A>
+        : never
+  }
+  constants: {
+    [k in { [k in keyof S]: S[k] extends Effect.Effect<any, any, any> ? k : never }[keyof S]]: S[k] extends
+      Effect.Effect<infer R, infer E, infer A> ? Effect.Effect<R | I, E, A> : never
+  }
+} => ({
+  functions: serviceFunctions(tag),
+  constants: serviceConstants(tag)
+})
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// tracing
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/* @internal */
+export const annotateCurrentSpan: {
+  (key: string, value: Tracer.AttributeValue): Effect.Effect<never, never, void>
+  (values: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>): Effect.Effect<never, never, void>
+} = function(): Effect.Effect<never, never, void> {
+  const args = arguments
+  return core.flatMap(
+    currentSpan,
+    (span) =>
+      span._tag === "Some"
+        ? core.sync(() => {
+          if (typeof args[0] === "string") {
+            span.value.attribute(args[0], args[1])
+          } else {
+            for (const key in args[0]) {
+              span.value.attribute(key, args[0][key])
+            }
+          }
+        })
+        : core.unit
+  )
+}
+
+/* @internal */
+export const annotateSpans = dual<
+  {
+    (key: string, value: Tracer.AttributeValue): <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+    (
+      values: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>
+    ): <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  },
+  {
+    <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, key: string, value: Tracer.AttributeValue): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+    <R, E, A>(effect: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, values: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  }
+>(
+  (args) => core.isEffect(args[0]),
+  function<R, E, A>() {
+    const args = arguments
+    return core.fiberRefLocallyWith(
+      args[0] as Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+      core.currentTracerSpanAnnotations,
+      typeof args[1] === "string"
+        ? HashMap.set(args[1], args[2])
+        : (annotations) =>
+          Object.entries(args[1] as Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>).reduce(
+            (acc, [key, value]) => HashMap.set(acc, key, value),
+            annotations
+          )
+    )
+  }
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const currentParentSpan: Effect.Effect<never, never, Option.Option<Tracer.ParentSpan>> = core.map(
+  core.fiberRefGet(core.currentTracerSpan),
+  List.head
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const currentSpan: Effect.Effect<never, never, Option.Option<Tracer.Span>> = core.map(
+  core.fiberRefGet(core.currentTracerSpan),
+  List.findFirst((span): span is Tracer.Span => span._tag === "Span")
+)
+
+const bigint0 = BigInt(0)
+/** @internal */
+export const currentTimeNanosTracing = core.fiberRefGetWith(
+  core.currentTracerTimingEnabled,
+  (enabled) => enabled ? Clock.currentTimeNanos : core.succeed(bigint0)
+)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const linkSpans = dual<
+  (
+    span: Tracer.ParentSpan,
+    attributes?: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>
+  ) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+    span: Tracer.ParentSpan,
+    attributes?: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+>(
+  (args) => core.isEffect(args[0]),
+  (self, span, attributes) =>
+    core.fiberRefLocallyWith(
+      self,
+      core.currentTracerSpanLinks,
+      Chunk.append(
+        {
+          _tag: "SpanLink",
+          span,
+          attributes: attributes ?? {}
+        } as const
+      )
+    )
+)
+
+/** @internal */
+export const makeSpan = (
+  name: string,
+  options?: {
+    readonly attributes?: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>
+    readonly links?: ReadonlyArray<Tracer.SpanLink>
+    readonly parent?: Tracer.ParentSpan
+    readonly root?: boolean
+    readonly context?: Context.Context<never>
+  }
+) =>
+  tracerWith((tracer) =>
+    core.flatMap(
+      options?.parent
+        ? succeedSome(options.parent)
+        : options?.root
+        ? succeedNone
+        : currentParentSpan,
+      (parent) =>
+        core.flatMap(
+          core.fiberRefGet(core.currentTracerSpanAnnotations),
+          (annotations) =>
+            core.flatMap(
+              core.fiberRefGet(core.currentTracerSpanLinks),
+              (links) =>
+                core.flatMap(
+                  currentTimeNanosTracing,
+                  (startTime) =>
+                    core.sync(() => {
+                      const linksArray = options?.links
+                        ? [...Chunk.toReadonlyArray(links), ...options.links]
+                        : Chunk.toReadonlyArray(links)
+                      const span = tracer.span(
+                        name,
+                        parent,
+                        options?.context ?? Context.empty(),
+                        linksArray,
+                        startTime
+                      )
+                      HashMap.forEach(annotations, (value, key) => span.attribute(key, value))
+                      Object.entries(options?.attributes ?? {}).forEach(([k, v]) => span.attribute(k, v))
+                      return span
+                    })
+                )
+            )
+        )
+    )
+  )
+
+/* @internal */
+export const spanAnnotations: Effect.Effect<never, never, HashMap.HashMap<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>> = core
+  .fiberRefGet(core.currentTracerSpanAnnotations)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const spanLinks: Effect.Effect<never, never, Chunk.Chunk<Tracer.SpanLink>> = core
+  .fiberRefGet(core.currentTracerSpanLinks)
+
+/** @internal */
+export const useSpan: {
+  <R, E, A>(name: string, evaluate: (span: Tracer.Span) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  <R, E, A>(name: string, options: {
+    readonly attributes?: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>
+    readonly links?: ReadonlyArray<Tracer.SpanLink>
+    readonly parent?: Tracer.ParentSpan
+    readonly root?: boolean
+    readonly context?: Context.Context<never>
+  }, evaluate: (span: Tracer.Span) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>): Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+} = <R, E, A>(
+  name: string,
+  ...args: [evaluate: (span: Tracer.Span) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>] | [
+    options: any,
+    evaluate: (span: Tracer.Span) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+  ]
+) => {
+  const options: {
+    readonly attributes?: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>
+    readonly links?: ReadonlyArray<Tracer.SpanLink>
+    readonly parent?: Tracer.ParentSpan
+    readonly root?: boolean
+    readonly context?: Context.Context<never>
+  } | undefined = args.length === 1 ? undefined : args[0]
+  const evaluate: (span: Tracer.Span) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A> = args[args.length - 1]
+
+  return core.acquireUseRelease(
+    makeSpan(name, options),
+    evaluate,
+    (span, exit) =>
+      core.flatMap(
+        currentTimeNanosTracing,
+        (endTime) => core.sync(() => span.end(endTime, exit))
+      )
+  )
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+export const withParentSpan = dual<
+  (span: Tracer.ParentSpan) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, span: Tracer.ParentSpan) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+>(2, (self, span) =>
+  core.fiberRefLocallyWith(
+    self,
+    core.currentTracerSpan,
+    List.prepend(span)
+  ))
+
+/** @internal */
+export const withSpan = dual<
+  (name: string, options?: {
+    readonly attributes?: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>
+    readonly links?: ReadonlyArray<Tracer.SpanLink>
+    readonly parent?: Tracer.ParentSpan
+    readonly root?: boolean
+    readonly context?: Context.Context<never>
+  }) => <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>,
+  <R, E, A>(self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>, name: string, options?: {
+    readonly attributes?: Record<string, Tracer.AttributeValue>
+    readonly links?: ReadonlyArray<Tracer.SpanLink>
+    readonly parent?: Tracer.ParentSpan
+    readonly root?: boolean
+    readonly context?: Context.Context<never>
+  }) => Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+>(
+  (args) => typeof args[0] !== "string",
+  (self, name, options) =>
+    useSpan(
+      name,
+      options ?? {},
+      (span) => withParentSpan(self, span)
+    )
+)
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// optionality
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/* @internal */
+export const fromNullable = <A>(value: A): Effect.Effect<never, Cause.NoSuchElementException, NonNullable<A>> =>
+  value == null ? core.fail(internalCause.NoSuchElementException()) : core.succeed(value as NonNullable<A>)
+
+/* @internal */
+export const optionFromOptional = <R, E, A>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<R, E, A>
+): Effect.Effect<R, Exclude<E, Cause.NoSuchElementException>, Option.Option<A>> =>
+  core.catchAll(
+    core.map(self, Option.some),
+    (error) =>
+      internalCause.isNoSuchElementException(error) ?
+        succeedNone :
+        core.fail(error as Exclude<E, Cause.NoSuchElementException>)
+  )