dep 0.18.2 → 1.0.0

package/node_modules/undici/lib/web/fetch/util.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1632 @@
+'use strict'
+
+const { Transform } = require('node:stream')
+const zlib = require('node:zlib')
+const { redirectStatusSet, referrerPolicySet: referrerPolicyTokens, badPortsSet } = require('./constants')
+const { getGlobalOrigin } = require('./global')
+const { collectASequenceOfCodePoints, collectAnHTTPQuotedString, removeChars, parseMIMEType } = require('./data-url')
+const { performance } = require('node:perf_hooks')
+const { isBlobLike, ReadableStreamFrom, isValidHTTPToken, normalizedMethodRecordsBase } = require('../../core/util')
+const assert = require('node:assert')
+const { isUint8Array } = require('node:util/types')
+const { webidl } = require('./webidl')
+
+let supportedHashes = []
+
+// https://nodejs.org/api/crypto.html#determining-if-crypto-support-is-unavailable
+/** @type {import('crypto')} */
+let crypto
+try {
+  crypto = require('node:crypto')
+  const possibleRelevantHashes = ['sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512']
+  supportedHashes = crypto.getHashes().filter((hash) => possibleRelevantHashes.includes(hash))
+/* c8 ignore next 3 */
+} catch {
+
+}
+
+function responseURL (response) {
+  // https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#responses
+  // A response has an associated URL. It is a pointer to the last URL
+  // in response’s URL list and null if response’s URL list is empty.
+  const urlList = response.urlList
+  const length = urlList.length
+  return length === 0 ? null : urlList[length - 1].toString()
+}
+
+// https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-response-location-url
+function responseLocationURL (response, requestFragment) {
+  // 1. If response’s status is not a redirect status, then return null.
+  if (!redirectStatusSet.has(response.status)) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  // 2. Let location be the result of extracting header list values given
+  // `Location` and response’s header list.
+  let location = response.headersList.get('location', true)
+
+  // 3. If location is a header value, then set location to the result of
+  //    parsing location with response’s URL.
+  if (location !== null && isValidHeaderValue(location)) {
+    if (!isValidEncodedURL(location)) {
+      // Some websites respond location header in UTF-8 form without encoding them as ASCII
+      // and major browsers redirect them to correctly UTF-8 encoded addresses.
+      // Here, we handle that behavior in the same way.
+      location = normalizeBinaryStringToUtf8(location)
+    }
+    location = new URL(location, responseURL(response))
+  }
+
+  // 4. If location is a URL whose fragment is null, then set location’s
+  // fragment to requestFragment.
+  if (location && !location.hash) {
+    location.hash = requestFragment
+  }
+
+  // 5. Return location.
+  return location
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1738#section-2.2
+ * @param {string} url
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function isValidEncodedURL (url) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < url.length; ++i) {
+    const code = url.charCodeAt(i)
+
+    if (
+      code > 0x7E || // Non-US-ASCII + DEL
+      code < 0x20 // Control characters NUL - US
+    ) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+/**
+ * If string contains non-ASCII characters, assumes it's UTF-8 encoded and decodes it.
+ * Since UTF-8 is a superset of ASCII, this will work for ASCII strings as well.
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function normalizeBinaryStringToUtf8 (value) {
+  return Buffer.from(value, 'binary').toString('utf8')
+}
+
+/** @returns {URL} */
+function requestCurrentURL (request) {
+  return request.urlList[request.urlList.length - 1]
+}
+
+function requestBadPort (request) {
+  // 1. Let url be request’s current URL.
+  const url = requestCurrentURL(request)
+
+  // 2. If url’s scheme is an HTTP(S) scheme and url’s port is a bad port,
+  // then return blocked.
+  if (urlIsHttpHttpsScheme(url) && badPortsSet.has(url.port)) {
+    return 'blocked'
+  }
+
+  // 3. Return allowed.
+  return 'allowed'
+}
+
+function isErrorLike (object) {
+  return object instanceof Error || (
+    object?.constructor?.name === 'Error' ||
+    object?.constructor?.name === 'DOMException'
+  )
+}
+
+// Check whether |statusText| is a ByteString and
+// matches the Reason-Phrase token production.
+// RFC 2616: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616
+// RFC 7230: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230
+// "reason-phrase = *( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )"
+// https://github.com/chromium/chromium/blob/94.0.4604.1/third_party/blink/renderer/core/fetch/response.cc#L116
+function isValidReasonPhrase (statusText) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < statusText.length; ++i) {
+    const c = statusText.charCodeAt(i)
+    if (
+      !(
+        (
+          c === 0x09 || // HTAB
+          (c >= 0x20 && c <= 0x7e) || // SP / VCHAR
+          (c >= 0x80 && c <= 0xff)
+        ) // obs-text
+      )
+    ) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#header-name
+ * @param {string} potentialValue
+ */
+const isValidHeaderName = isValidHTTPToken
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#header-value
+ * @param {string} potentialValue
+ */
+function isValidHeaderValue (potentialValue) {
+  // - Has no leading or trailing HTTP tab or space bytes.
+  // - Contains no 0x00 (NUL) or HTTP newline bytes.
+  return (
+    potentialValue[0] === '\t' ||
+    potentialValue[0] === ' ' ||
+    potentialValue[potentialValue.length - 1] === '\t' ||
+    potentialValue[potentialValue.length - 1] === ' ' ||
+    potentialValue.includes('\n') ||
+    potentialValue.includes('\r') ||
+    potentialValue.includes('\0')
+  ) === false
+}
+
+// https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-referrer-policy/#set-requests-referrer-policy-on-redirect
+function setRequestReferrerPolicyOnRedirect (request, actualResponse) {
+  //  Given a request request and a response actualResponse, this algorithm
+  //  updates request’s referrer policy according to the Referrer-Policy
+  //  header (if any) in actualResponse.
+
+  // 1. Let policy be the result of executing § 8.1 Parse a referrer policy
+  // from a Referrer-Policy header on actualResponse.
+
+  // 8.1 Parse a referrer policy from a Referrer-Policy header
+  // 1. Let policy-tokens be the result of extracting header list values given `Referrer-Policy` and response’s header list.
+  const { headersList } = actualResponse
+  // 2. Let policy be the empty string.
+  // 3. For each token in policy-tokens, if token is a referrer policy and token is not the empty string, then set policy to token.
+  // 4. Return policy.
+  const policyHeader = (headersList.get('referrer-policy', true) ?? '').split(',')
+
+  // Note: As the referrer-policy can contain multiple policies
+  // separated by comma, we need to loop through all of them
+  // and pick the first valid one.
+  // Ref: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Referrer-Policy#specify_a_fallback_policy
+  let policy = ''
+  if (policyHeader.length > 0) {
+    // The right-most policy takes precedence.
+    // The left-most policy is the fallback.
+    for (let i = policyHeader.length; i !== 0; i--) {
+      const token = policyHeader[i - 1].trim()
+      if (referrerPolicyTokens.has(token)) {
+        policy = token
+        break
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 2. If policy is not the empty string, then set request’s referrer policy to policy.
+  if (policy !== '') {
+    request.referrerPolicy = policy
+  }
+}
+
+// https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#cross-origin-resource-policy-check
+function crossOriginResourcePolicyCheck () {
+  // TODO
+  return 'allowed'
+}
+
+// https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-cors-check
+function corsCheck () {
+  // TODO
+  return 'success'
+}
+
+// https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-tao-check
+function TAOCheck () {
+  // TODO
+  return 'success'
+}
+
+function appendFetchMetadata (httpRequest) {
+  //  https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-fetch-metadata/#sec-fetch-dest-header
+  //  TODO
+
+  //  https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-fetch-metadata/#sec-fetch-mode-header
+
+  //  1. Assert: r’s url is a potentially trustworthy URL.
+  //  TODO
+
+  //  2. Let header be a Structured Header whose value is a token.
+  let header = null
+
+  //  3. Set header’s value to r’s mode.
+  header = httpRequest.mode
+
+  //  4. Set a structured field value `Sec-Fetch-Mode`/header in r’s header list.
+  httpRequest.headersList.set('sec-fetch-mode', header, true)
+
+  //  https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-fetch-metadata/#sec-fetch-site-header
+  //  TODO
+
+  //  https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-fetch-metadata/#sec-fetch-user-header
+  //  TODO
+}
+
+// https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#append-a-request-origin-header
+function appendRequestOriginHeader (request) {
+  // 1. Let serializedOrigin be the result of byte-serializing a request origin
+  //    with request.
+  // TODO: implement "byte-serializing a request origin"
+  let serializedOrigin = request.origin
+
+  // - "'client' is changed to an origin during fetching."
+  //   This doesn't happen in undici (in most cases) because undici, by default,
+  //   has no concept of origin.
+  // - request.origin can also be set to request.client.origin (client being
+  //   an environment settings object), which is undefined without using
+  //   setGlobalOrigin.
+  if (serializedOrigin === 'client' || serializedOrigin === undefined) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  // 2. If request’s response tainting is "cors" or request’s mode is "websocket",
+  //    then append (`Origin`, serializedOrigin) to request’s header list.
+  // 3. Otherwise, if request’s method is neither `GET` nor `HEAD`, then:
+  if (request.responseTainting === 'cors' || request.mode === 'websocket') {
+    request.headersList.append('origin', serializedOrigin, true)
+  } else if (request.method !== 'GET' && request.method !== 'HEAD') {
+    // 1. Switch on request’s referrer policy:
+    switch (request.referrerPolicy) {
+      case 'no-referrer':
+        // Set serializedOrigin to `null`.
+        serializedOrigin = null
+        break
+      case 'no-referrer-when-downgrade':
+      case 'strict-origin':
+      case 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin':
+        // If request’s origin is a tuple origin, its scheme is "https", and
+        // request’s current URL’s scheme is not "https", then set
+        // serializedOrigin to `null`.
+        if (request.origin && urlHasHttpsScheme(request.origin) && !urlHasHttpsScheme(requestCurrentURL(request))) {
+          serializedOrigin = null
+        }
+        break
+      case 'same-origin':
+        // If request’s origin is not same origin with request’s current URL’s
+        // origin, then set serializedOrigin to `null`.
+        if (!sameOrigin(request, requestCurrentURL(request))) {
+          serializedOrigin = null
+        }
+        break
+      default:
+        // Do nothing.
+    }
+
+    // 2. Append (`Origin`, serializedOrigin) to request’s header list.
+    request.headersList.append('origin', serializedOrigin, true)
+  }
+}
+
+// https://w3c.github.io/hr-time/#dfn-coarsen-time
+function coarsenTime (timestamp, crossOriginIsolatedCapability) {
+  // TODO
+  return timestamp
+}
+
+// https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#clamp-and-coarsen-connection-timing-info
+function clampAndCoarsenConnectionTimingInfo (connectionTimingInfo, defaultStartTime, crossOriginIsolatedCapability) {
+  if (!connectionTimingInfo?.startTime || connectionTimingInfo.startTime < defaultStartTime) {
+    return {
+      domainLookupStartTime: defaultStartTime,
+      domainLookupEndTime: defaultStartTime,
+      connectionStartTime: defaultStartTime,
+      connectionEndTime: defaultStartTime,
+      secureConnectionStartTime: defaultStartTime,
+      ALPNNegotiatedProtocol: connectionTimingInfo?.ALPNNegotiatedProtocol
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    domainLookupStartTime: coarsenTime(connectionTimingInfo.domainLookupStartTime, crossOriginIsolatedCapability),
+    domainLookupEndTime: coarsenTime(connectionTimingInfo.domainLookupEndTime, crossOriginIsolatedCapability),
+    connectionStartTime: coarsenTime(connectionTimingInfo.connectionStartTime, crossOriginIsolatedCapability),
+    connectionEndTime: coarsenTime(connectionTimingInfo.connectionEndTime, crossOriginIsolatedCapability),
+    secureConnectionStartTime: coarsenTime(connectionTimingInfo.secureConnectionStartTime, crossOriginIsolatedCapability),
+    ALPNNegotiatedProtocol: connectionTimingInfo.ALPNNegotiatedProtocol
+  }
+}
+
+// https://w3c.github.io/hr-time/#dfn-coarsened-shared-current-time
+function coarsenedSharedCurrentTime (crossOriginIsolatedCapability) {
+  return coarsenTime(performance.now(), crossOriginIsolatedCapability)
+}
+
+// https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#create-an-opaque-timing-info
+function createOpaqueTimingInfo (timingInfo) {
+  return {
+    startTime: timingInfo.startTime ?? 0,
+    redirectStartTime: 0,
+    redirectEndTime: 0,
+    postRedirectStartTime: timingInfo.startTime ?? 0,
+    finalServiceWorkerStartTime: 0,
+    finalNetworkResponseStartTime: 0,
+    finalNetworkRequestStartTime: 0,
+    endTime: 0,
+    encodedBodySize: 0,
+    decodedBodySize: 0,
+    finalConnectionTimingInfo: null
+  }
+}
+
+// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/origin.html#policy-container
+function makePolicyContainer () {
+  // Note: the fetch spec doesn't make use of embedder policy or CSP list
+  return {
+    referrerPolicy: 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin'
+  }
+}
+
+// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/origin.html#clone-a-policy-container
+function clonePolicyContainer (policyContainer) {
+  return {
+    referrerPolicy: policyContainer.referrerPolicy
+  }
+}
+
+// https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-referrer-policy/#determine-requests-referrer
+function determineRequestsReferrer (request) {
+  // 1. Let policy be request's referrer policy.
+  const policy = request.referrerPolicy
+
+  // Note: policy cannot (shouldn't) be null or an empty string.
+  assert(policy)
+
+  // 2. Let environment be request’s client.
+
+  let referrerSource = null
+
+  // 3. Switch on request’s referrer:
+  if (request.referrer === 'client') {
+    // Note: node isn't a browser and doesn't implement document/iframes,
+    // so we bypass this step and replace it with our own.
+
+    const globalOrigin = getGlobalOrigin()
+
+    if (!globalOrigin || globalOrigin.origin === 'null') {
+      return 'no-referrer'
+    }
+
+    // note: we need to clone it as it's mutated
+    referrerSource = new URL(globalOrigin)
+  } else if (request.referrer instanceof URL) {
+    // Let referrerSource be request’s referrer.
+    referrerSource = request.referrer
+  }
+
+  // 4. Let request’s referrerURL be the result of stripping referrerSource for
+  //    use as a referrer.
+  let referrerURL = stripURLForReferrer(referrerSource)
+
+  // 5. Let referrerOrigin be the result of stripping referrerSource for use as
+  //    a referrer, with the origin-only flag set to true.
+  const referrerOrigin = stripURLForReferrer(referrerSource, true)
+
+  // 6. If the result of serializing referrerURL is a string whose length is
+  //    greater than 4096, set referrerURL to referrerOrigin.
+  if (referrerURL.toString().length > 4096) {
+    referrerURL = referrerOrigin
+  }
+
+  const areSameOrigin = sameOrigin(request, referrerURL)
+  const isNonPotentiallyTrustWorthy = isURLPotentiallyTrustworthy(referrerURL) &&
+    !isURLPotentiallyTrustworthy(request.url)
+
+  // 8. Execute the switch statements corresponding to the value of policy:
+  switch (policy) {
+    case 'origin': return referrerOrigin != null ? referrerOrigin : stripURLForReferrer(referrerSource, true)
+    case 'unsafe-url': return referrerURL
+    case 'same-origin':
+      return areSameOrigin ? referrerOrigin : 'no-referrer'
+    case 'origin-when-cross-origin':
+      return areSameOrigin ? referrerURL : referrerOrigin
+    case 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin': {
+      const currentURL = requestCurrentURL(request)
+
+      // 1. If the origin of referrerURL and the origin of request’s current
+      //    URL are the same, then return referrerURL.
+      if (sameOrigin(referrerURL, currentURL)) {
+        return referrerURL
+      }
+
+      // 2. If referrerURL is a potentially trustworthy URL and request’s
+      //    current URL is not a potentially trustworthy URL, then return no
+      //    referrer.
+      if (isURLPotentiallyTrustworthy(referrerURL) && !isURLPotentiallyTrustworthy(currentURL)) {
+        return 'no-referrer'
+      }
+
+      // 3. Return referrerOrigin.
+      return referrerOrigin
+    }
+    case 'strict-origin': // eslint-disable-line
+      /**
+         * 1. If referrerURL is a potentially trustworthy URL and
+         * request’s current URL is not a potentially trustworthy URL,
+         * then return no referrer.
+         * 2. Return referrerOrigin
+        */
+    case 'no-referrer-when-downgrade': // eslint-disable-line
+      /**
+       * 1. If referrerURL is a potentially trustworthy URL and
+       * request’s current URL is not a potentially trustworthy URL,
+       * then return no referrer.
+       * 2. Return referrerOrigin
+      */
+
+    default: // eslint-disable-line
+      return isNonPotentiallyTrustWorthy ? 'no-referrer' : referrerOrigin
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-referrer-policy/#strip-url
+ * @param {URL} url
+ * @param {boolean|undefined} originOnly
+ */
+function stripURLForReferrer (url, originOnly) {
+  // 1. Assert: url is a URL.
+  assert(url instanceof URL)
+
+  url = new URL(url)
+
+  // 2. If url’s scheme is a local scheme, then return no referrer.
+  if (url.protocol === 'file:' || url.protocol === 'about:' || url.protocol === 'blank:') {
+    return 'no-referrer'
+  }
+
+  // 3. Set url’s username to the empty string.
+  url.username = ''
+
+  // 4. Set url’s password to the empty string.
+  url.password = ''
+
+  // 5. Set url’s fragment to null.
+  url.hash = ''
+
+  // 6. If the origin-only flag is true, then:
+  if (originOnly) {
+    // 1. Set url’s path to « the empty string ».
+    url.pathname = ''
+
+    // 2. Set url’s query to null.
+    url.search = ''
+  }
+
+  // 7. Return url.
+  return url
+}
+
+function isURLPotentiallyTrustworthy (url) {
+  if (!(url instanceof URL)) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // If child of about, return true
+  if (url.href === 'about:blank' || url.href === 'about:srcdoc') {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // If scheme is data, return true
+  if (url.protocol === 'data:') return true
+
+  // If file, return true
+  if (url.protocol === 'file:') return true
+
+  return isOriginPotentiallyTrustworthy(url.origin)
+
+  function isOriginPotentiallyTrustworthy (origin) {
+    // If origin is explicitly null, return false
+    if (origin == null || origin === 'null') return false
+
+    const originAsURL = new URL(origin)
+
+    // If secure, return true
+    if (originAsURL.protocol === 'https:' || originAsURL.protocol === 'wss:') {
+      return true
+    }
+
+    // If localhost or variants, return true
+    if (/^127(?:\.[0-9]+){0,2}\.[0-9]+$|^\[(?:0*:)*?:?0*1\]$/.test(originAsURL.hostname) ||
+     (originAsURL.hostname === 'localhost' || originAsURL.hostname.includes('localhost.')) ||
+     (originAsURL.hostname.endsWith('.localhost'))) {
+      return true
+    }
+
+    // If any other, return false
+    return false
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-subresource-integrity/#does-response-match-metadatalist
+ * @param {Uint8Array} bytes
+ * @param {string} metadataList
+ */
+function bytesMatch (bytes, metadataList) {
+  // If node is not built with OpenSSL support, we cannot check
+  // a request's integrity, so allow it by default (the spec will
+  // allow requests if an invalid hash is given, as precedence).
+  /* istanbul ignore if: only if node is built with --without-ssl */
+  if (crypto === undefined) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // 1. Let parsedMetadata be the result of parsing metadataList.
+  const parsedMetadata = parseMetadata(metadataList)
+
+  // 2. If parsedMetadata is no metadata, return true.
+  if (parsedMetadata === 'no metadata') {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // 3. If response is not eligible for integrity validation, return false.
+  // TODO
+
+  // 4. If parsedMetadata is the empty set, return true.
+  if (parsedMetadata.length === 0) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // 5. Let metadata be the result of getting the strongest
+  //    metadata from parsedMetadata.
+  const strongest = getStrongestMetadata(parsedMetadata)
+  const metadata = filterMetadataListByAlgorithm(parsedMetadata, strongest)
+
+  // 6. For each item in metadata:
+  for (const item of metadata) {
+    // 1. Let algorithm be the alg component of item.
+    const algorithm = item.algo
+
+    // 2. Let expectedValue be the val component of item.
+    const expectedValue = item.hash
+
+    // See https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt/commit/e4c5cc7a5e48093220528dfdd1c4012dc3837a0e
+    // "be liberal with padding". This is annoying, and it's not even in the spec.
+
+    // 3. Let actualValue be the result of applying algorithm to bytes.
+    let actualValue = crypto.createHash(algorithm).update(bytes).digest('base64')
+
+    if (actualValue[actualValue.length - 1] === '=') {
+      if (actualValue[actualValue.length - 2] === '=') {
+        actualValue = actualValue.slice(0, -2)
+      } else {
+        actualValue = actualValue.slice(0, -1)
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 4. If actualValue is a case-sensitive match for expectedValue,
+    //    return true.
+    if (compareBase64Mixed(actualValue, expectedValue)) {
+      return true
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 7. Return false.
+  return false
+}
+
+// https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-subresource-integrity/#grammardef-hash-with-options
+// https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP2/#source-list-syntax
+// https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
+const parseHashWithOptions = /(?<algo>sha256|sha384|sha512)-((?<hash>[A-Za-z0-9+/]+|[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)={0,2}(?:\s|$)( +[!-~]*)?)?/i
+
+/**
+ * @see https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-subresource-integrity/#parse-metadata
+ * @param {string} metadata
+ */
+function parseMetadata (metadata) {
+  // 1. Let result be the empty set.
+  /** @type {{ algo: string, hash: string }[]} */
+  const result = []
+
+  // 2. Let empty be equal to true.
+  let empty = true
+
+  // 3. For each token returned by splitting metadata on spaces:
+  for (const token of metadata.split(' ')) {
+    // 1. Set empty to false.
+    empty = false
+
+    // 2. Parse token as a hash-with-options.
+    const parsedToken = parseHashWithOptions.exec(token)
+
+    // 3. If token does not parse, continue to the next token.
+    if (
+      parsedToken === null ||
+      parsedToken.groups === undefined ||
+      parsedToken.groups.algo === undefined
+    ) {
+      // Note: Chromium blocks the request at this point, but Firefox
+      // gives a warning that an invalid integrity was given. The
+      // correct behavior is to ignore these, and subsequently not
+      // check the integrity of the resource.
+      continue
+    }
+
+    // 4. Let algorithm be the hash-algo component of token.
+    const algorithm = parsedToken.groups.algo.toLowerCase()
+
+    // 5. If algorithm is a hash function recognized by the user
+    //    agent, add the parsed token to result.
+    if (supportedHashes.includes(algorithm)) {
+      result.push(parsedToken.groups)
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 4. Return no metadata if empty is true, otherwise return result.
+  if (empty === true) {
+    return 'no metadata'
+  }
+
+  return result
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {{ algo: 'sha256' | 'sha384' | 'sha512' }[]} metadataList
+ */
+function getStrongestMetadata (metadataList) {
+  // Let algorithm be the algo component of the first item in metadataList.
+  // Can be sha256
+  let algorithm = metadataList[0].algo
+  // If the algorithm is sha512, then it is the strongest
+  // and we can return immediately
+  if (algorithm[3] === '5') {
+    return algorithm
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 1; i < metadataList.length; ++i) {
+    const metadata = metadataList[i]
+    // If the algorithm is sha512, then it is the strongest
+    // and we can break the loop immediately
+    if (metadata.algo[3] === '5') {
+      algorithm = 'sha512'
+      break
+    // If the algorithm is sha384, then a potential sha256 or sha384 is ignored
+    } else if (algorithm[3] === '3') {
+      continue
+    // algorithm is sha256, check if algorithm is sha384 and if so, set it as
+    // the strongest
+    } else if (metadata.algo[3] === '3') {
+      algorithm = 'sha384'
+    }
+  }
+  return algorithm
+}
+
+function filterMetadataListByAlgorithm (metadataList, algorithm) {
+  if (metadataList.length === 1) {
+    return metadataList
+  }
+
+  let pos = 0
+  for (let i = 0; i < metadataList.length; ++i) {
+    if (metadataList[i].algo === algorithm) {
+      metadataList[pos++] = metadataList[i]
+    }
+  }
+
+  metadataList.length = pos
+
+  return metadataList
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compares two base64 strings, allowing for base64url
+ * in the second string.
+ *
+* @param {string} actualValue always base64
+ * @param {string} expectedValue base64 or base64url
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function compareBase64Mixed (actualValue, expectedValue) {
+  if (actualValue.length !== expectedValue.length) {
+    return false
+  }
+  for (let i = 0; i < actualValue.length; ++i) {
+    if (actualValue[i] !== expectedValue[i]) {
+      if (
+        (actualValue[i] === '+' && expectedValue[i] === '-') ||
+        (actualValue[i] === '/' && expectedValue[i] === '_')
+      ) {
+        continue
+      }
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
+
+// https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-upgrade-insecure-requests/#upgrade-request
+function tryUpgradeRequestToAPotentiallyTrustworthyURL (request) {
+  // TODO
+}
+
+/**
+ * @link {https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/origin.html#same-origin}
+ * @param {URL} A
+ * @param {URL} B
+ */
+function sameOrigin (A, B) {
+  // 1. If A and B are the same opaque origin, then return true.
+  if (A.origin === B.origin && A.origin === 'null') {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // 2. If A and B are both tuple origins and their schemes,
+  //    hosts, and port are identical, then return true.
+  if (A.protocol === B.protocol && A.hostname === B.hostname && A.port === B.port) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // 3. Return false.
+  return false
+}
+
+function createDeferredPromise () {
+  let res
+  let rej
+  const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    res = resolve
+    rej = reject
+  })
+
+  return { promise, resolve: res, reject: rej }
+}
+
+function isAborted (fetchParams) {
+  return fetchParams.controller.state === 'aborted'
+}
+
+function isCancelled (fetchParams) {
+  return fetchParams.controller.state === 'aborted' ||
+    fetchParams.controller.state === 'terminated'
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-method-normalize
+ * @param {string} method
+ */
+function normalizeMethod (method) {
+  return normalizedMethodRecordsBase[method.toLowerCase()] ?? method
+}
+
+// https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#serialize-a-javascript-value-to-a-json-string
+function serializeJavascriptValueToJSONString (value) {
+  // 1. Let result be ? Call(%JSON.stringify%, undefined, « value »).
+  const result = JSON.stringify(value)
+
+  // 2. If result is undefined, then throw a TypeError.
+  if (result === undefined) {
+    throw new TypeError('Value is not JSON serializable')
+  }
+
+  // 3. Assert: result is a string.
+  assert(typeof result === 'string')
+
+  // 4. Return result.
+  return result
+}
+
+// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%25iteratorprototype%25-object
+const esIteratorPrototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(Object.getPrototypeOf([][Symbol.iterator]()))
+
+/**
+ * @see https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#dfn-iterator-prototype-object
+ * @param {string} name name of the instance
+ * @param {symbol} kInternalIterator
+ * @param {string | number} [keyIndex]
+ * @param {string | number} [valueIndex]
+ */
+function createIterator (name, kInternalIterator, keyIndex = 0, valueIndex = 1) {
+  class FastIterableIterator {
+    /** @type {any} */
+    #target
+    /** @type {'key' | 'value' | 'key+value'} */
+    #kind
+    /** @type {number} */
+    #index
+
+    /**
+     * @see https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#dfn-default-iterator-object
+     * @param {unknown} target
+     * @param {'key' | 'value' | 'key+value'} kind
+     */
+    constructor (target, kind) {
+      this.#target = target
+      this.#kind = kind
+      this.#index = 0
+    }
+
+    next () {
+      // 1. Let interface be the interface for which the iterator prototype object exists.
+      // 2. Let thisValue be the this value.
+      // 3. Let object be ? ToObject(thisValue).
+      // 4. If object is a platform object, then perform a security
+      //    check, passing:
+      // 5. If object is not a default iterator object for interface,
+      //    then throw a TypeError.
+      if (typeof this !== 'object' || this === null || !(#target in this)) {
+        throw new TypeError(
+          `'next' called on an object that does not implement interface ${name} Iterator.`
+        )
+      }
+
+      // 6. Let index be object’s index.
+      // 7. Let kind be object’s kind.
+      // 8. Let values be object’s target's value pairs to iterate over.
+      const index = this.#index
+      const values = this.#target[kInternalIterator]
+
+      // 9. Let len be the length of values.
+      const len = values.length
+
+      // 10. If index is greater than or equal to len, then return
+      //     CreateIterResultObject(undefined, true).
+      if (index >= len) {
+        return {
+          value: undefined,
+          done: true
+        }
+      }
+
+      // 11. Let pair be the entry in values at index index.
+      const { [keyIndex]: key, [valueIndex]: value } = values[index]
+
+      // 12. Set object’s index to index + 1.
+      this.#index = index + 1
+
+      // 13. Return the iterator result for pair and kind.
+
+      // https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#iterator-result
+
+      // 1. Let result be a value determined by the value of kind:
+      let result
+      switch (this.#kind) {
+        case 'key':
+          // 1. Let idlKey be pair’s key.
+          // 2. Let key be the result of converting idlKey to an
+          //    ECMAScript value.
+          // 3. result is key.
+          result = key
+          break
+        case 'value':
+          // 1. Let idlValue be pair’s value.
+          // 2. Let value be the result of converting idlValue to
+          //    an ECMAScript value.
+          // 3. result is value.
+          result = value
+          break
+        case 'key+value':
+          // 1. Let idlKey be pair’s key.
+          // 2. Let idlValue be pair’s value.
+          // 3. Let key be the result of converting idlKey to an
+          //    ECMAScript value.
+          // 4. Let value be the result of converting idlValue to
+          //    an ECMAScript value.
+          // 5. Let array be ! ArrayCreate(2).
+          // 6. Call ! CreateDataProperty(array, "0", key).
+          // 7. Call ! CreateDataProperty(array, "1", value).
+          // 8. result is array.
+          result = [key, value]
+          break
+      }
+
+      // 2. Return CreateIterResultObject(result, false).
+      return {
+        value: result,
+        done: false
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#dfn-iterator-prototype-object
+  // @ts-ignore
+  delete FastIterableIterator.prototype.constructor
+
+  Object.setPrototypeOf(FastIterableIterator.prototype, esIteratorPrototype)
+
+  Object.defineProperties(FastIterableIterator.prototype, {
+    [Symbol.toStringTag]: {
+      writable: false,
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: `${name} Iterator`
+    },
+    next: { writable: true, enumerable: true, configurable: true }
+  })
+
+  /**
+   * @param {unknown} target
+   * @param {'key' | 'value' | 'key+value'} kind
+   * @returns {IterableIterator<any>}
+   */
+  return function (target, kind) {
+    return new FastIterableIterator(target, kind)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#dfn-iterator-prototype-object
+ * @param {string} name name of the instance
+ * @param {any} object class
+ * @param {symbol} kInternalIterator
+ * @param {string | number} [keyIndex]
+ * @param {string | number} [valueIndex]
+ */
+function iteratorMixin (name, object, kInternalIterator, keyIndex = 0, valueIndex = 1) {
+  const makeIterator = createIterator(name, kInternalIterator, keyIndex, valueIndex)
+
+  const properties = {
+    keys: {
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: function keys () {
+        webidl.brandCheck(this, object)
+        return makeIterator(this, 'key')
+      }
+    },
+    values: {
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: function values () {
+        webidl.brandCheck(this, object)
+        return makeIterator(this, 'value')
+      }
+    },
+    entries: {
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: function entries () {
+        webidl.brandCheck(this, object)
+        return makeIterator(this, 'key+value')
+      }
+    },
+    forEach: {
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: function forEach (callbackfn, thisArg = globalThis) {
+        webidl.brandCheck(this, object)
+        webidl.argumentLengthCheck(arguments, 1, `${name}.forEach`)
+        if (typeof callbackfn !== 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(
+            `Failed to execute 'forEach' on '${name}': parameter 1 is not of type 'Function'.`
+          )
+        }
+        for (const { 0: key, 1: value } of makeIterator(this, 'key+value')) {
+          callbackfn.call(thisArg, value, key, this)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Object.defineProperties(object.prototype, {
+    ...properties,
+    [Symbol.iterator]: {
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: properties.entries.value
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#body-fully-read
+ */
+async function fullyReadBody (body, processBody, processBodyError) {
+  // 1. If taskDestination is null, then set taskDestination to
+  //    the result of starting a new parallel queue.
+
+  // 2. Let successSteps given a byte sequence bytes be to queue a
+  //    fetch task to run processBody given bytes, with taskDestination.
+  const successSteps = processBody
+
+  // 3. Let errorSteps be to queue a fetch task to run processBodyError,
+  //    with taskDestination.
+  const errorSteps = processBodyError
+
+  // 4. Let reader be the result of getting a reader for body’s stream.
+  //    If that threw an exception, then run errorSteps with that
+  //    exception and return.
+  let reader
+
+  try {
+    reader = body.stream.getReader()
+  } catch (e) {
+    errorSteps(e)
+    return
+  }
+
+  // 5. Read all bytes from reader, given successSteps and errorSteps.
+  try {
+    successSteps(await readAllBytes(reader))
+  } catch (e) {
+    errorSteps(e)
+  }
+}
+
+function isReadableStreamLike (stream) {
+  return stream instanceof ReadableStream || (
+    stream[Symbol.toStringTag] === 'ReadableStream' &&
+    typeof stream.tee === 'function'
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {ReadableStreamController<Uint8Array>} controller
+ */
+function readableStreamClose (controller) {
+  try {
+    controller.close()
+    controller.byobRequest?.respond(0)
+  } catch (err) {
+    // TODO: add comment explaining why this error occurs.
+    if (!err.message.includes('Controller is already closed') && !err.message.includes('ReadableStream is already closed')) {
+      throw err
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const invalidIsomorphicEncodeValueRegex = /[^\x00-\xFF]/ // eslint-disable-line
+
+/**
+ * @see https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#isomorphic-encode
+ * @param {string} input
+ */
+function isomorphicEncode (input) {
+  // 1. Assert: input contains no code points greater than U+00FF.
+  assert(!invalidIsomorphicEncodeValueRegex.test(input))
+
+  // 2. Return a byte sequence whose length is equal to input’s code
+  //    point length and whose bytes have the same values as the
+  //    values of input’s code points, in the same order
+  return input
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://streams.spec.whatwg.org/#readablestreamdefaultreader-read-all-bytes
+ * @see https://streams.spec.whatwg.org/#read-loop
+ * @param {ReadableStreamDefaultReader} reader
+ */
+async function readAllBytes (reader) {
+  const bytes = []
+  let byteLength = 0
+
+  while (true) {
+    const { done, value: chunk } = await reader.read()
+
+    if (done) {
+      // 1. Call successSteps with bytes.
+      return Buffer.concat(bytes, byteLength)
+    }
+
+    // 1. If chunk is not a Uint8Array object, call failureSteps
+    //    with a TypeError and abort these steps.
+    if (!isUint8Array(chunk)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Received non-Uint8Array chunk')
+    }
+
+    // 2. Append the bytes represented by chunk to bytes.
+    bytes.push(chunk)
+    byteLength += chunk.length
+
+    // 3. Read-loop given reader, bytes, successSteps, and failureSteps.
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#is-local
+ * @param {URL} url
+ */
+function urlIsLocal (url) {
+  assert('protocol' in url) // ensure it's a url object
+
+  const protocol = url.protocol
+
+  return protocol === 'about:' || protocol === 'blob:' || protocol === 'data:'
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string|URL} url
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function urlHasHttpsScheme (url) {
+  return (
+    (
+      typeof url === 'string' &&
+      url[5] === ':' &&
+      url[0] === 'h' &&
+      url[1] === 't' &&
+      url[2] === 't' &&
+      url[3] === 'p' &&
+      url[4] === 's'
+    ) ||
+    url.protocol === 'https:'
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#http-scheme
+ * @param {URL} url
+ */
+function urlIsHttpHttpsScheme (url) {
+  assert('protocol' in url) // ensure it's a url object
+
+  const protocol = url.protocol
+
+  return protocol === 'http:' || protocol === 'https:'
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#simple-range-header-value
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @param {boolean} allowWhitespace
+ */
+function simpleRangeHeaderValue (value, allowWhitespace) {
+  // 1. Let data be the isomorphic decoding of value.
+  // Note: isomorphic decoding takes a sequence of bytes (ie. a Uint8Array) and turns it into a string,
+  // nothing more. We obviously don't need to do that if value is a string already.
+  const data = value
+
+  // 2. If data does not start with "bytes", then return failure.
+  if (!data.startsWith('bytes')) {
+    return 'failure'
+  }
+
+  // 3. Let position be a position variable for data, initially pointing at the 5th code point of data.
+  const position = { position: 5 }
+
+  // 4. If allowWhitespace is true, collect a sequence of code points that are HTTP tab or space,
+  //    from data given position.
+  if (allowWhitespace) {
+    collectASequenceOfCodePoints(
+      (char) => char === '\t' || char === ' ',
+      data,
+      position
+    )
+  }
+
+  // 5. If the code point at position within data is not U+003D (=), then return failure.
+  if (data.charCodeAt(position.position) !== 0x3D) {
+    return 'failure'
+  }
+
+  // 6. Advance position by 1.
+  position.position++
+
+  // 7. If allowWhitespace is true, collect a sequence of code points that are HTTP tab or space, from
+  //    data given position.
+  if (allowWhitespace) {
+    collectASequenceOfCodePoints(
+      (char) => char === '\t' || char === ' ',
+      data,
+      position
+    )
+  }
+
+  // 8. Let rangeStart be the result of collecting a sequence of code points that are ASCII digits,
+  //    from data given position.
+  const rangeStart = collectASequenceOfCodePoints(
+    (char) => {
+      const code = char.charCodeAt(0)
+
+      return code >= 0x30 && code <= 0x39
+    },
+    data,
+    position
+  )
+
+  // 9. Let rangeStartValue be rangeStart, interpreted as decimal number, if rangeStart is not the
+  //    empty string; otherwise null.
+  const rangeStartValue = rangeStart.length ? Number(rangeStart) : null
+
+  // 10. If allowWhitespace is true, collect a sequence of code points that are HTTP tab or space,
+  //     from data given position.
+  if (allowWhitespace) {
+    collectASequenceOfCodePoints(
+      (char) => char === '\t' || char === ' ',
+      data,
+      position
+    )
+  }
+
+  // 11. If the code point at position within data is not U+002D (-), then return failure.
+  if (data.charCodeAt(position.position) !== 0x2D) {
+    return 'failure'
+  }
+
+  // 12. Advance position by 1.
+  position.position++
+
+  // 13. If allowWhitespace is true, collect a sequence of code points that are HTTP tab
+  //     or space, from data given position.
+  // Note from Khafra: its the same step as in #8 again lol
+  if (allowWhitespace) {
+    collectASequenceOfCodePoints(
+      (char) => char === '\t' || char === ' ',
+      data,
+      position
+    )
+  }
+
+  // 14. Let rangeEnd be the result of collecting a sequence of code points that are
+  //     ASCII digits, from data given position.
+  // Note from Khafra: you wouldn't guess it, but this is also the same step as #8
+  const rangeEnd = collectASequenceOfCodePoints(
+    (char) => {
+      const code = char.charCodeAt(0)
+
+      return code >= 0x30 && code <= 0x39
+    },
+    data,
+    position
+  )
+
+  // 15. Let rangeEndValue be rangeEnd, interpreted as decimal number, if rangeEnd
+  //     is not the empty string; otherwise null.
+  // Note from Khafra: THE SAME STEP, AGAIN!!!
+  // Note: why interpret as a decimal if we only collect ascii digits?
+  const rangeEndValue = rangeEnd.length ? Number(rangeEnd) : null
+
+  // 16. If position is not past the end of data, then return failure.
+  if (position.position < data.length) {
+    return 'failure'
+  }
+
+  // 17. If rangeEndValue and rangeStartValue are null, then return failure.
+  if (rangeEndValue === null && rangeStartValue === null) {
+    return 'failure'
+  }
+
+  // 18. If rangeStartValue and rangeEndValue are numbers, and rangeStartValue is
+  //     greater than rangeEndValue, then return failure.
+  // Note: ... when can they not be numbers?
+  if (rangeStartValue > rangeEndValue) {
+    return 'failure'
+  }
+
+  // 19. Return (rangeStartValue, rangeEndValue).
+  return { rangeStartValue, rangeEndValue }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#build-a-content-range
+ * @param {number} rangeStart
+ * @param {number} rangeEnd
+ * @param {number} fullLength
+ */
+function buildContentRange (rangeStart, rangeEnd, fullLength) {
+  // 1. Let contentRange be `bytes `.
+  let contentRange = 'bytes '
+
+  // 2. Append rangeStart, serialized and isomorphic encoded, to contentRange.
+  contentRange += isomorphicEncode(`${rangeStart}`)
+
+  // 3. Append 0x2D (-) to contentRange.
+  contentRange += '-'
+
+  // 4. Append rangeEnd, serialized and isomorphic encoded to contentRange.
+  contentRange += isomorphicEncode(`${rangeEnd}`)
+
+  // 5. Append 0x2F (/) to contentRange.
+  contentRange += '/'
+
+  // 6. Append fullLength, serialized and isomorphic encoded to contentRange.
+  contentRange += isomorphicEncode(`${fullLength}`)
+
+  // 7. Return contentRange.
+  return contentRange
+}
+
+// A Stream, which pipes the response to zlib.createInflate() or
+// zlib.createInflateRaw() depending on the first byte of the Buffer.
+// If the lower byte of the first byte is 0x08, then the stream is
+// interpreted as a zlib stream, otherwise it's interpreted as a
+// raw deflate stream.
+class InflateStream extends Transform {
+  #zlibOptions
+
+  /** @param {zlib.ZlibOptions} [zlibOptions] */
+  constructor (zlibOptions) {
+    super()
+    this.#zlibOptions = zlibOptions
+  }
+
+  _transform (chunk, encoding, callback) {
+    if (!this._inflateStream) {
+      if (chunk.length === 0) {
+        callback()
+        return
+      }
+      this._inflateStream = (chunk[0] & 0x0F) === 0x08
+        ? zlib.createInflate(this.#zlibOptions)
+        : zlib.createInflateRaw(this.#zlibOptions)
+
+      this._inflateStream.on('data', this.push.bind(this))
+      this._inflateStream.on('end', () => this.push(null))
+      this._inflateStream.on('error', (err) => this.destroy(err))
+    }
+
+    this._inflateStream.write(chunk, encoding, callback)
+  }
+
+  _final (callback) {
+    if (this._inflateStream) {
+      this._inflateStream.end()
+      this._inflateStream = null
+    }
+    callback()
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {zlib.ZlibOptions} [zlibOptions]
+ * @returns {InflateStream}
+ */
+function createInflate (zlibOptions) {
+  return new InflateStream(zlibOptions)
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-header-extract-mime-type
+ * @param {import('./headers').HeadersList} headers
+ */
+function extractMimeType (headers) {
+  // 1. Let charset be null.
+  let charset = null
+
+  // 2. Let essence be null.
+  let essence = null
+
+  // 3. Let mimeType be null.
+  let mimeType = null
+
+  // 4. Let values be the result of getting, decoding, and splitting `Content-Type` from headers.
+  const values = getDecodeSplit('content-type', headers)
+
+  // 5. If values is null, then return failure.
+  if (values === null) {
+    return 'failure'
+  }
+
+  // 6. For each value of values:
+  for (const value of values) {
+    // 6.1. Let temporaryMimeType be the result of parsing value.
+    const temporaryMimeType = parseMIMEType(value)
+
+    // 6.2. If temporaryMimeType is failure or its essence is "*/*", then continue.
+    if (temporaryMimeType === 'failure' || temporaryMimeType.essence === '*/*') {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    // 6.3. Set mimeType to temporaryMimeType.
+    mimeType = temporaryMimeType
+
+    // 6.4. If mimeType’s essence is not essence, then:
+    if (mimeType.essence !== essence) {
+      // 6.4.1. Set charset to null.
+      charset = null
+
+      // 6.4.2. If mimeType’s parameters["charset"] exists, then set charset to
+      //        mimeType’s parameters["charset"].
+      if (mimeType.parameters.has('charset')) {
+        charset = mimeType.parameters.get('charset')
+      }
+
+      // 6.4.3. Set essence to mimeType’s essence.
+      essence = mimeType.essence
+    } else if (!mimeType.parameters.has('charset') && charset !== null) {
+      // 6.5. Otherwise, if mimeType’s parameters["charset"] does not exist, and
+      //      charset is non-null, set mimeType’s parameters["charset"] to charset.
+      mimeType.parameters.set('charset', charset)
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 7. If mimeType is null, then return failure.
+  if (mimeType == null) {
+    return 'failure'
+  }
+
+  // 8. Return mimeType.
+  return mimeType
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#header-value-get-decode-and-split
+ * @param {string|null} value
+ */
+function gettingDecodingSplitting (value) {
+  // 1. Let input be the result of isomorphic decoding value.
+  const input = value
+
+  // 2. Let position be a position variable for input, initially pointing at the start of input.
+  const position = { position: 0 }
+
+  // 3. Let values be a list of strings, initially empty.
+  const values = []
+
+  // 4. Let temporaryValue be the empty string.
+  let temporaryValue = ''
+
+  // 5. While position is not past the end of input:
+  while (position.position < input.length) {
+    // 5.1. Append the result of collecting a sequence of code points that are not U+0022 (")
+    //      or U+002C (,) from input, given position, to temporaryValue.
+    temporaryValue += collectASequenceOfCodePoints(
+      (char) => char !== '"' && char !== ',',
+      input,
+      position
+    )
+
+    // 5.2. If position is not past the end of input, then:
+    if (position.position < input.length) {
+      // 5.2.1. If the code point at position within input is U+0022 ("), then:
+      if (input.charCodeAt(position.position) === 0x22) {
+        // 5.2.1.1. Append the result of collecting an HTTP quoted string from input, given position, to temporaryValue.
+        temporaryValue += collectAnHTTPQuotedString(
+          input,
+          position
+        )
+
+        // 5.2.1.2. If position is not past the end of input, then continue.
+        if (position.position < input.length) {
+          continue
+        }
+      } else {
+        // 5.2.2. Otherwise:
+
+        // 5.2.2.1. Assert: the code point at position within input is U+002C (,).
+        assert(input.charCodeAt(position.position) === 0x2C)
+
+        // 5.2.2.2. Advance position by 1.
+        position.position++
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 5.3. Remove all HTTP tab or space from the start and end of temporaryValue.
+    temporaryValue = removeChars(temporaryValue, true, true, (char) => char === 0x9 || char === 0x20)
+
+    // 5.4. Append temporaryValue to values.
+    values.push(temporaryValue)
+
+    // 5.6. Set temporaryValue to the empty string.
+    temporaryValue = ''
+  }
+
+  // 6. Return values.
+  return values
+}
+
+/**
+ * @see https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-header-list-get-decode-split
+ * @param {string} name lowercase header name
+ * @param {import('./headers').HeadersList} list
+ */
+function getDecodeSplit (name, list) {
+  // 1. Let value be the result of getting name from list.
+  const value = list.get(name, true)
+
+  // 2. If value is null, then return null.
+  if (value === null) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  // 3. Return the result of getting, decoding, and splitting value.
+  return gettingDecodingSplitting(value)
+}
+
+const textDecoder = new TextDecoder()
+
+/**
+ * @see https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#utf-8-decode
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer
+ */
+function utf8DecodeBytes (buffer) {
+  if (buffer.length === 0) {
+    return ''
+  }
+
+  // 1. Let buffer be the result of peeking three bytes from
+  //    ioQueue, converted to a byte sequence.
+
+  // 2. If buffer is 0xEF 0xBB 0xBF, then read three
+  //    bytes from ioQueue. (Do nothing with those bytes.)
+  if (buffer[0] === 0xEF && buffer[1] === 0xBB && buffer[2] === 0xBF) {
+    buffer = buffer.subarray(3)
+  }
+
+  // 3. Process a queue with an instance of UTF-8’s
+  //    decoder, ioQueue, output, and "replacement".
+  const output = textDecoder.decode(buffer)
+
+  // 4. Return output.
+  return output
+}
+
+class EnvironmentSettingsObjectBase {
+  get baseUrl () {
+    return getGlobalOrigin()
+  }
+
+  get origin () {
+    return this.baseUrl?.origin
+  }
+
+  policyContainer = makePolicyContainer()
+}
+
+class EnvironmentSettingsObject {
+  settingsObject = new EnvironmentSettingsObjectBase()
+}
+
+const environmentSettingsObject = new EnvironmentSettingsObject()
+
+module.exports = {
+  isAborted,
+  isCancelled,
+  isValidEncodedURL,
+  createDeferredPromise,
+  ReadableStreamFrom,
+  tryUpgradeRequestToAPotentiallyTrustworthyURL,
+  clampAndCoarsenConnectionTimingInfo,
+  coarsenedSharedCurrentTime,
+  determineRequestsReferrer,
+  makePolicyContainer,
+  clonePolicyContainer,
+  appendFetchMetadata,
+  appendRequestOriginHeader,
+  TAOCheck,
+  corsCheck,
+  crossOriginResourcePolicyCheck,
+  createOpaqueTimingInfo,
+  setRequestReferrerPolicyOnRedirect,
+  isValidHTTPToken,
+  requestBadPort,
+  requestCurrentURL,
+  responseURL,
+  responseLocationURL,
+  isBlobLike,
+  isURLPotentiallyTrustworthy,
+  isValidReasonPhrase,
+  sameOrigin,
+  normalizeMethod,
+  serializeJavascriptValueToJSONString,
+  iteratorMixin,
+  createIterator,
+  isValidHeaderName,
+  isValidHeaderValue,
+  isErrorLike,
+  fullyReadBody,
+  bytesMatch,
+  isReadableStreamLike,
+  readableStreamClose,
+  isomorphicEncode,
+  urlIsLocal,
+  urlHasHttpsScheme,
+  urlIsHttpHttpsScheme,
+  readAllBytes,
+  simpleRangeHeaderValue,
+  buildContentRange,
+  parseMetadata,
+  createInflate,
+  extractMimeType,
+  getDecodeSplit,
+  utf8DecodeBytes,
+  environmentSettingsObject
+}