cokit-cli 1.0.1 → 1.0.2

package/skills/ck-databases/references/mongodb-crud.md

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+# MongoDB CRUD Operations
+
+CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) in MongoDB with query operators and atomic updates.
+
+## Create Operations
+
+### insertOne
+```javascript
+// Insert single document
+db.users.insertOne({
+  name: "Alice",
+  email: "alice@example.com",
+  age: 30,
+  createdAt: new Date()
+})
+
+// Returns: { acknowledged: true, insertedId: ObjectId("...") }
+```
+
+### insertMany
+```javascript
+// Insert multiple documents
+db.users.insertMany([
+  { name: "Bob", age: 25 },
+  { name: "Charlie", age: 35 },
+  { name: "Diana", age: 28 }
+])
+
+// With ordered: false (continue on error)
+db.users.insertMany(docs, { ordered: false })
+```
+
+## Read Operations
+
+### find
+```javascript
+// Find all documents
+db.users.find()
+
+// Find with filter
+db.users.find({ age: { $gte: 18 } })
+
+// Projection (select fields)
+db.users.find({ status: "active" }, { name: 1, email: 1, _id: 0 })
+
+// Cursor operations
+db.users.find()
+  .sort({ createdAt: -1 })
+  .limit(10)
+  .skip(20)
+```
+
+### findOne
+```javascript
+// Get single document
+db.users.findOne({ email: "alice@example.com" })
+
+// With projection
+db.users.findOne({ _id: ObjectId("...") }, { name: 1, email: 1 })
+```
+
+### count/estimatedDocumentCount
+```javascript
+// Count matching documents
+db.users.countDocuments({ status: "active" })
+
+// Fast estimate (uses metadata)
+db.users.estimatedDocumentCount()
+```
+
+### distinct
+```javascript
+// Get unique values
+db.users.distinct("status")
+db.users.distinct("city", { country: "USA" })
+```
+
+## Update Operations
+
+### updateOne
+```javascript
+// Update first matching document
+db.users.updateOne(
+  { email: "alice@example.com" },
+  { $set: { status: "verified" } }
+)
+
+// Upsert (insert if not exists)
+db.users.updateOne(
+  { email: "new@example.com" },
+  { $set: { name: "New User" } },
+  { upsert: true }
+)
+```
+
+### updateMany
+```javascript
+// Update all matching documents
+db.users.updateMany(
+  { lastLogin: { $lt: cutoffDate } },
+  { $set: { status: "inactive" } }
+)
+
+// Multiple updates
+db.users.updateMany(
+  { status: "pending" },
+  {
+    $set: { status: "active" },
+    $currentDate: { updatedAt: true }
+  }
+)
+```
+
+### replaceOne
+```javascript
+// Replace entire document (except _id)
+db.users.replaceOne(
+  { _id: ObjectId("...") },
+  { name: "Alice", email: "alice@example.com", age: 31 }
+)
+```
+
+## Delete Operations
+
+### deleteOne
+```javascript
+// Delete first matching document
+db.users.deleteOne({ email: "alice@example.com" })
+```
+
+### deleteMany
+```javascript
+// Delete all matching documents
+db.users.deleteMany({ status: "deleted" })
+
+// Delete all documents in collection
+db.users.deleteMany({})
+```
+
+## Query Operators
+
+### Comparison Operators
+```javascript
+// $eq (equals)
+db.users.find({ age: { $eq: 30 } })
+db.users.find({ age: 30 })  // Implicit $eq
+
+// $ne (not equals)
+db.users.find({ status: { $ne: "deleted" } })
+
+// $gt, $gte, $lt, $lte
+db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 18, $lte: 65 } })
+
+// $in (in array)
+db.users.find({ status: { $in: ["active", "pending"] } })
+
+// $nin (not in array)
+db.users.find({ status: { $nin: ["deleted", "banned"] } })
+```
+
+### Logical Operators
+```javascript
+// $and (implicit for multiple conditions)
+db.users.find({ age: { $gte: 18 }, status: "active" })
+
+// $and (explicit)
+db.users.find({
+  $and: [
+    { age: { $gte: 18 } },
+    { status: "active" }
+  ]
+})
+
+// $or
+db.users.find({
+  $or: [
+    { status: "active" },
+    { verified: true }
+  ]
+})
+
+// $not
+db.users.find({ age: { $not: { $lt: 18 } } })
+
+// $nor (not any condition)
+db.users.find({
+  $nor: [
+    { status: "deleted" },
+    { status: "banned" }
+  ]
+})
+```
+
+### Element Operators
+```javascript
+// $exists
+db.users.find({ phoneNumber: { $exists: true } })
+db.users.find({ deletedAt: { $exists: false } })
+
+// $type
+db.users.find({ age: { $type: "int" } })
+db.users.find({ age: { $type: ["int", "double"] } })
+```
+
+### Array Operators
+```javascript
+// $all (contains all elements)
+db.posts.find({ tags: { $all: ["mongodb", "database"] } })
+
+// $elemMatch (array element matches all conditions)
+db.products.find({
+  reviews: {
+    $elemMatch: { rating: { $gte: 4 }, verified: true }
+  }
+})
+
+// $size (array length)
+db.posts.find({ tags: { $size: 3 } })
+```
+
+### String Operators
+```javascript
+// $regex (regular expression)
+db.users.find({ name: { $regex: /^A/i } })
+db.users.find({ email: { $regex: "@example\\.com$" } })
+
+// Text search (requires text index)
+db.articles.find({ $text: { $search: "mongodb database" } })
+```
+
+## Update Operators
+
+### Field Update Operators
+```javascript
+// $set (set field value)
+db.users.updateOne(
+  { _id: userId },
+  { $set: { status: "active", updatedAt: new Date() } }
+)
+
+// $unset (remove field)
+db.users.updateOne(
+  { _id: userId },
+  { $unset: { tempField: "" } }
+)
+
+// $rename (rename field)
+db.users.updateMany(
+  {},
+  { $rename: { "oldName": "newName" } }
+)
+
+// $currentDate (set to current date)
+db.users.updateOne(
+  { _id: userId },
+  { $currentDate: { lastModified: true } }
+)
+```
+
+### Numeric Update Operators
+```javascript
+// $inc (increment)
+db.posts.updateOne(
+  { _id: postId },
+  { $inc: { views: 1, likes: 5 } }
+)
+
+// $mul (multiply)
+db.products.updateOne(
+  { _id: productId },
+  { $mul: { price: 1.1 } }  // 10% increase
+)
+
+// $min (update if new value is less)
+db.scores.updateOne(
+  { _id: scoreId },
+  { $min: { lowestScore: 50 } }
+)
+
+// $max (update if new value is greater)
+db.scores.updateOne(
+  { _id: scoreId },
+  { $max: { highestScore: 100 } }
+)
+```
+
+### Array Update Operators
+```javascript
+// $push (add to array)
+db.posts.updateOne(
+  { _id: postId },
+  { $push: { comments: { author: "Alice", text: "Great!" } } }
+)
+
+// $push with $each (multiple elements)
+db.posts.updateOne(
+  { _id: postId },
+  { $push: { tags: { $each: ["mongodb", "database"] } } }
+)
+
+// $addToSet (add if not exists)
+db.users.updateOne(
+  { _id: userId },
+  { $addToSet: { interests: "coding" } }
+)
+
+// $pull (remove matching elements)
+db.users.updateOne(
+  { _id: userId },
+  { $pull: { tags: "deprecated" } }
+)
+
+// $pop (remove first/last element)
+db.users.updateOne(
+  { _id: userId },
+  { $pop: { notifications: -1 } }  // -1: first, 1: last
+)
+
+// $ (update first matching array element)
+db.posts.updateOne(
+  { _id: postId, "comments.author": "Alice" },
+  { $set: { "comments.$.text": "Updated comment" } }
+)
+
+// $[] (update all array elements)
+db.posts.updateOne(
+  { _id: postId },
+  { $set: { "comments.$[].verified": true } }
+)
+
+// $[<identifier>] (filtered positional)
+db.posts.updateOne(
+  { _id: postId },
+  { $set: { "comments.$[elem].flagged": true } },
+  { arrayFilters: [{ "elem.rating": { $lt: 2 } }] }
+)
+```
+
+## Atomic Operations
+
+### findAndModify / findOneAndUpdate
+```javascript
+// Find and update (returns old document by default)
+db.users.findOneAndUpdate(
+  { email: "alice@example.com" },
+  { $set: { status: "active" } }
+)
+
+// Return new document
+db.users.findOneAndUpdate(
+  { email: "alice@example.com" },
+  { $set: { status: "active" } },
+  { returnNewDocument: true }
+)
+
+// Upsert and return new
+db.counters.findOneAndUpdate(
+  { _id: "sequence" },
+  { $inc: { value: 1 } },
+  { upsert: true, returnNewDocument: true }
+)
+```
+
+### findOneAndReplace
+```javascript
+// Find and replace entire document
+db.users.findOneAndReplace(
+  { _id: ObjectId("...") },
+  { name: "Alice", email: "alice@example.com" },
+  { returnNewDocument: true }
+)
+```
+
+### findOneAndDelete
+```javascript
+// Find and delete (returns deleted document)
+const deletedUser = db.users.findOneAndDelete(
+  { email: "alice@example.com" }
+)
+```
+
+## Bulk Operations
+
+```javascript
+// Ordered bulk write (stops on first error)
+db.users.bulkWrite([
+  { insertOne: { document: { name: "Alice" } } },
+  { updateOne: {
+    filter: { name: "Bob" },
+    update: { $set: { age: 25 } }
+  }},
+  { deleteOne: { filter: { name: "Charlie" } } }
+])
+
+// Unordered (continues on errors)
+db.users.bulkWrite(operations, { ordered: false })
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **Use projection** to return only needed fields
+2. **Create indexes** on frequently queried fields
+3. **Use updateMany** carefully (can affect many documents)
+4. **Use upsert** for "create or update" patterns
+5. **Use atomic operators** ($inc, $push) for concurrent updates
+6. **Avoid large arrays** in documents (embed vs reference)
+7. **Use findAndModify** for atomic read-modify-write
+8. **Batch operations** with insertMany/bulkWrite for efficiency