bmad-plus 0.7.5 → 0.8.0

package/src/bmad-plus/packs/pack-shield/references/ism/control-applicability.md

@@ -1,181 +1,181 @@
-# ISM — Control Applicability Framework
-
-Source: Australian Information Security Manual, March 2026 edition  
-Published by: Australian Signals Directorate (ASD)
-
----
-
-## Classification Levels & Applicability Markings
-
-Each ISM control carries applicability markings indicating which system classification levels require that control.
-
-| Marking | Classification Level | Description |
-|---------|---------------------|-------------|
-| **NC** | Non-Classified | General government information; no formal protective marking required |
-| **OS** | OFFICIAL: Sensitive | Sensitive but unclassified; default baseline for most federal agency systems |
-| **P** | PROTECTED | Classified information; compromise could damage national/organisational interests |
-| **S** | SECRET | Highly sensitive; serious damage to national security if compromised |
-| **TS** | TOP SECRET | Exceptionally sensitive; grave damage to national security if compromised |
-
-### Stacking Rule
-Higher classification systems must implement **all controls for lower levels plus their own level**:
-- NC system → NC controls only
-- OS system → NC + OS controls
-- PROTECTED system → NC + OS + P controls
-- SECRET system → NC + OS + P + S controls
-- TOP SECRET system → NC + OS + P + S + TS controls
-
----
-
-## Risk-Based Control Selection Process
-
-The ISM does not mandate a one-size-fits-all approach. The selection process:
-
-1. **Determine system classification** based on the highest sensitivity of information the system stores, processes, or communicates
-2. **Define security objectives** — identify CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) requirements
-3. **Select baseline controls** using applicability markings
-4. **Tailor controls** — add controls for specific threats; document exclusions with risk justification
-5. **Document in SSP** — all selected controls, exclusions, and justifications must be recorded in the System Security Plan
-
----
-
-## System Security Plan (SSP) — Required Content
-
-The SSP is the primary authorisation artefact. It must include:
-
-| Section | Content |
-|---------|---------|
-| System overview | Name, owner, purpose, environment |
-| System boundary | What is in scope (hardware, software, interfaces) |
-| Classification level | Highest classification handled |
-| Security objectives | Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability ratings (High/Medium/Low) |
-| Control selection | All applicable ISM controls with applicability justification |
-| Implemented controls | Evidence of implementation for each control |
-| Excluded controls | Controls not implemented with documented risk acceptance |
-| Risk register | Identified risks, likelihood, impact, treatment |
-| Authorisation | Authorising Official signature and date |
-| Review schedule | Next review date (minimum: every 24 months or after significant change) |
-
----
-
-## IRAP Assessment Requirements
-
-### Who Needs an IRAP Assessment?
-- **Mandatory**: Systems handling PROTECTED and above
-- **Strongly recommended**: Systems handling OFFICIAL: Sensitive
-- **Government policy**: Any system used to deliver government services to citizens
-
-### IRAP Assessor Requirements
-- Must be listed on the ASD IRAP Assessors Register
-- Must be independent of the system being assessed
-- Must have current ASD-recognised qualifications
-- Find assessors: https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/assessment-and-evaluation-programs/irap/irap-assessors
-
-### Assessment Cycle
-- Initial assessment before system authorisation
-- Re-assessment every **24 months** (minimum)
-- Re-assessment required after **significant change** (major architecture change, new classification level, major new functionality)
-
-### IRAP Assessment Artefact Checklist
-- [ ] Current System Security Plan (SSP)
-- [ ] Network architecture diagrams
-- [ ] Asset register (hardware and software)
-- [ ] Risk register with current risk ratings
-- [ ] Policy suite (all security policies referenced in SSP)
-- [ ] Evidence of implemented controls (configuration screenshots, logs, test results)
-- [ ] Previous IRAP assessment report (if re-assessment)
-- [ ] Plan of Action & Milestones (POA&M) for any outstanding findings
-- [ ] Incident register (last 12 months)
-- [ ] Patch management reports
-
----
-
-## Essential Eight — ISM Relationship
-
-The Essential Eight are **eight priority mitigation strategies** extracted from the broader ISM control set. They are not a separate standard but a prioritised subset.
-
-| Essential Eight Strategy | Primary ISM Chapter(s) | Notes |
-|-------------------------|----------------------|-------|
-| Application control (allow-listing) | Ch. 13 System Hardening | Prevents execution of unapproved software |
-| Patch applications | Ch. 14 System Management | Critical patches ≤14 days |
-| Configure Microsoft Office macros | Ch. 13 System Hardening | Restrict macro execution |
-| User application hardening | Ch. 13 System Hardening | Browser, Office, PDF hardening |
-| Restrict administrative privileges | Ch. 13 System Hardening, Ch. 6 Personnel | Least privilege, PAM |
-| Patch operating systems | Ch. 14 System Management | Critical OS patches ≤14 days |
-| Multi-factor authentication (MFA) | Ch. 6, Ch. 9, Ch. 19 | MFA for all remote access, privileged accounts |
-| Regular backups | Ch. 14 System Management | Tested, offline/offsite, 3-2-1 rule |
-
-### Essential Eight Maturity Levels
-
-| Level | Description | Who It Applies To |
-|-------|-------------|------------------|
-| **ML0** | Incomplete or ineffective implementation | Non-compliant |
-| **ML1** | Partially aligned; addresses targeted attacks | Minimum for small/low-risk organisations |
-| **ML2** | Mostly aligned; addresses sophisticated threats | ASD-recommended baseline for all government entities (2026 target) |
-| **ML3** | Fully aligned; addresses advanced persistent threats | Required for critical infrastructure and high-risk sectors |
-
----
-
-## Patch Management SLAs (Chapter 14)
-
-| Patch Criticality | Maximum Remediation Timeframe |
-|------------------|------------------------------|
-| Critical (CVSS 9–10) | 48 hours for internet-facing; 14 days for internal |
-| High (CVSS 7–8.9) | 14 days |
-| Medium (CVSS 4–6.9) | 30 days |
-| Low (CVSS < 4) | Within next maintenance window |
-
----
-
-## Approved Cryptographic Algorithms (Chapter 20)
-
-The ISM mandates ASD-approved algorithms. Key requirements for March 2026:
-
-| Use Case | Approved Algorithm(s) | Notes |
-|----------|----------------------|-------|
-| Symmetric encryption | AES-128 minimum (AES-256 for PROTECTED+) | |
-| Asymmetric encryption | RSA-2048 minimum; EC P-256 or above | RSA-4096 / P-384 for PROTECTED+ |
-| Hashing | SHA-256 minimum (SHA-384 for PROTECTED+) | MD5 and SHA-1 prohibited |
-| TLS | TLS 1.2 minimum; TLS 1.3 preferred | SSL and TLS 1.0/1.1 prohibited |
-| Key exchange | ECDH or DHE (2048-bit minimum) | Static DH prohibited |
-| SSH | SSH2 only; ED25519 or RSA-4096 | SSH1 prohibited |
-
----
-
-## Log Retention Requirements (Chapter 15)
-
-| System Classification | Minimum Log Retention |
-|----------------------|----------------------|
-| NC | 12 months |
-| OFFICIAL: Sensitive | 18 months |
-| PROTECTED | 18 months |
-| SECRET / TOP SECRET | As directed by agency security policy (typically 7 years) |
-
-Logs must be stored in a tamper-evident manner, separate from the system being monitored.
-
----
-
-## Key Differences: ISM vs ISO 27001
-
-| Aspect | ISM (ASD) | ISO 27001 |
-|--------|-----------|-----------|
-| Jurisdiction | Australia (government mandatory) | International (voluntary certification) |
-| Structure | 22 guideline chapters + individual controls | 10 clauses + 93 Annex A controls (2022) |
-| Assessment | IRAP (ASD-certified assessors) | Third-party certification bodies |
-| Classification | NC / OS / P / S / TS markings | Not classification-based |
-| Update cycle | Typically annually (March edition) | Major revision every ~7 years |
-| Audience | Government entities + supply chain | Any organisation |
-| Essential Eight | Subset of ISM; ASD-mandated for government | No direct equivalent |
-
----
-
-## Useful Official References
-
-| Resource | URL |
-|----------|-----|
-| ISM (March 2026 PDF) | https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/Information%20security%20manual%20(March%202026).pdf |
-| ISM OSCAL releases | https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/asds-cyber-security-frameworks/ism/ism-oscal-releases |
-| IRAP Assessors Register | https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/assessment-and-evaluation-programs/irap/irap-assessors |
-| Essential Eight | https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/asds-cyber-security-frameworks/essential-eight |
-| Essential Eight to ISM mapping | https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/asds-cyber-security-frameworks/essential-eight/essential-eight-maturity-model-and-ism-mapping |
-| ISM GitHub (OSCAL) | https://github.com/AustralianCyberSecurityCentre/ism-oscal |
+# ISM — Control Applicability Framework
+
+Source: Australian Information Security Manual, March 2026 edition  
+Published by: Australian Signals Directorate (ASD)
+
+---
+
+## Classification Levels & Applicability Markings
+
+Each ISM control carries applicability markings indicating which system classification levels require that control.
+
+| Marking | Classification Level | Description |
+|---------|---------------------|-------------|
+| **NC** | Non-Classified | General government information; no formal protective marking required |
+| **OS** | OFFICIAL: Sensitive | Sensitive but unclassified; default baseline for most federal agency systems |
+| **P** | PROTECTED | Classified information; compromise could damage national/organisational interests |
+| **S** | SECRET | Highly sensitive; serious damage to national security if compromised |
+| **TS** | TOP SECRET | Exceptionally sensitive; grave damage to national security if compromised |
+
+### Stacking Rule
+Higher classification systems must implement **all controls for lower levels plus their own level**:
+- NC system → NC controls only
+- OS system → NC + OS controls
+- PROTECTED system → NC + OS + P controls
+- SECRET system → NC + OS + P + S controls
+- TOP SECRET system → NC + OS + P + S + TS controls
+
+---
+
+## Risk-Based Control Selection Process
+
+The ISM does not mandate a one-size-fits-all approach. The selection process:
+
+1. **Determine system classification** based on the highest sensitivity of information the system stores, processes, or communicates
+2. **Define security objectives** — identify CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) requirements
+3. **Select baseline controls** using applicability markings
+4. **Tailor controls** — add controls for specific threats; document exclusions with risk justification
+5. **Document in SSP** — all selected controls, exclusions, and justifications must be recorded in the System Security Plan
+
+---
+
+## System Security Plan (SSP) — Required Content
+
+The SSP is the primary authorisation artefact. It must include:
+
+| Section | Content |
+|---------|---------|
+| System overview | Name, owner, purpose, environment |
+| System boundary | What is in scope (hardware, software, interfaces) |
+| Classification level | Highest classification handled |
+| Security objectives | Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability ratings (High/Medium/Low) |
+| Control selection | All applicable ISM controls with applicability justification |
+| Implemented controls | Evidence of implementation for each control |
+| Excluded controls | Controls not implemented with documented risk acceptance |
+| Risk register | Identified risks, likelihood, impact, treatment |
+| Authorisation | Authorising Official signature and date |
+| Review schedule | Next review date (minimum: every 24 months or after significant change) |
+
+---
+
+## IRAP Assessment Requirements
+
+### Who Needs an IRAP Assessment?
+- **Mandatory**: Systems handling PROTECTED and above
+- **Strongly recommended**: Systems handling OFFICIAL: Sensitive
+- **Government policy**: Any system used to deliver government services to citizens
+
+### IRAP Assessor Requirements
+- Must be listed on the ASD IRAP Assessors Register
+- Must be independent of the system being assessed
+- Must have current ASD-recognised qualifications
+- Find assessors: https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/assessment-and-evaluation-programs/irap/irap-assessors
+
+### Assessment Cycle
+- Initial assessment before system authorisation
+- Re-assessment every **24 months** (minimum)
+- Re-assessment required after **significant change** (major architecture change, new classification level, major new functionality)
+
+### IRAP Assessment Artefact Checklist
+- [ ] Current System Security Plan (SSP)
+- [ ] Network architecture diagrams
+- [ ] Asset register (hardware and software)
+- [ ] Risk register with current risk ratings
+- [ ] Policy suite (all security policies referenced in SSP)
+- [ ] Evidence of implemented controls (configuration screenshots, logs, test results)
+- [ ] Previous IRAP assessment report (if re-assessment)
+- [ ] Plan of Action & Milestones (POA&M) for any outstanding findings
+- [ ] Incident register (last 12 months)
+- [ ] Patch management reports
+
+---
+
+## Essential Eight — ISM Relationship
+
+The Essential Eight are **eight priority mitigation strategies** extracted from the broader ISM control set. They are not a separate standard but a prioritised subset.
+
+| Essential Eight Strategy | Primary ISM Chapter(s) | Notes |
+|-------------------------|----------------------|-------|
+| Application control (allow-listing) | Ch. 13 System Hardening | Prevents execution of unapproved software |
+| Patch applications | Ch. 14 System Management | Critical patches ≤14 days |
+| Configure Microsoft Office macros | Ch. 13 System Hardening | Restrict macro execution |
+| User application hardening | Ch. 13 System Hardening | Browser, Office, PDF hardening |
+| Restrict administrative privileges | Ch. 13 System Hardening, Ch. 6 Personnel | Least privilege, PAM |
+| Patch operating systems | Ch. 14 System Management | Critical OS patches ≤14 days |
+| Multi-factor authentication (MFA) | Ch. 6, Ch. 9, Ch. 19 | MFA for all remote access, privileged accounts |
+| Regular backups | Ch. 14 System Management | Tested, offline/offsite, 3-2-1 rule |
+
+### Essential Eight Maturity Levels
+
+| Level | Description | Who It Applies To |
+|-------|-------------|------------------|
+| **ML0** | Incomplete or ineffective implementation | Non-compliant |
+| **ML1** | Partially aligned; addresses targeted attacks | Minimum for small/low-risk organisations |
+| **ML2** | Mostly aligned; addresses sophisticated threats | ASD-recommended baseline for all government entities (2026 target) |
+| **ML3** | Fully aligned; addresses advanced persistent threats | Required for critical infrastructure and high-risk sectors |
+
+---
+
+## Patch Management SLAs (Chapter 14)
+
+| Patch Criticality | Maximum Remediation Timeframe |
+|------------------|------------------------------|
+| Critical (CVSS 9–10) | 48 hours for internet-facing; 14 days for internal |
+| High (CVSS 7–8.9) | 14 days |
+| Medium (CVSS 4–6.9) | 30 days |
+| Low (CVSS < 4) | Within next maintenance window |
+
+---
+
+## Approved Cryptographic Algorithms (Chapter 20)
+
+The ISM mandates ASD-approved algorithms. Key requirements for March 2026:
+
+| Use Case | Approved Algorithm(s) | Notes |
+|----------|----------------------|-------|
+| Symmetric encryption | AES-128 minimum (AES-256 for PROTECTED+) | |
+| Asymmetric encryption | RSA-2048 minimum; EC P-256 or above | RSA-4096 / P-384 for PROTECTED+ |
+| Hashing | SHA-256 minimum (SHA-384 for PROTECTED+) | MD5 and SHA-1 prohibited |
+| TLS | TLS 1.2 minimum; TLS 1.3 preferred | SSL and TLS 1.0/1.1 prohibited |
+| Key exchange | ECDH or DHE (2048-bit minimum) | Static DH prohibited |
+| SSH | SSH2 only; ED25519 or RSA-4096 | SSH1 prohibited |
+
+---
+
+## Log Retention Requirements (Chapter 15)
+
+| System Classification | Minimum Log Retention |
+|----------------------|----------------------|
+| NC | 12 months |
+| OFFICIAL: Sensitive | 18 months |
+| PROTECTED | 18 months |
+| SECRET / TOP SECRET | As directed by agency security policy (typically 7 years) |
+
+Logs must be stored in a tamper-evident manner, separate from the system being monitored.
+
+---
+
+## Key Differences: ISM vs ISO 27001
+
+| Aspect | ISM (ASD) | ISO 27001 |
+|--------|-----------|-----------|
+| Jurisdiction | Australia (government mandatory) | International (voluntary certification) |
+| Structure | 22 guideline chapters + individual controls | 10 clauses + 93 Annex A controls (2022) |
+| Assessment | IRAP (ASD-certified assessors) | Third-party certification bodies |
+| Classification | NC / OS / P / S / TS markings | Not classification-based |
+| Update cycle | Typically annually (March edition) | Major revision every ~7 years |
+| Audience | Government entities + supply chain | Any organisation |
+| Essential Eight | Subset of ISM; ASD-mandated for government | No direct equivalent |
+
+---
+
+## Useful Official References
+
+| Resource | URL |
+|----------|-----|
+| ISM (March 2026 PDF) | https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/Information%20security%20manual%20(March%202026).pdf |
+| ISM OSCAL releases | https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/asds-cyber-security-frameworks/ism/ism-oscal-releases |
+| IRAP Assessors Register | https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/assessment-and-evaluation-programs/irap/irap-assessors |
+| Essential Eight | https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/asds-cyber-security-frameworks/essential-eight |
+| Essential Eight to ISM mapping | https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/asds-cyber-security-frameworks/essential-eight/essential-eight-maturity-model-and-ism-mapping |
+| ISM GitHub (OSCAL) | https://github.com/AustralianCyberSecurityCentre/ism-oscal |