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better-dsh 0.2.5 → 0.3.0-c

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----
-sidebar_position: 9
-title: "Voice & TTS"
-description: "Text-to-speech and voice message transcription across all platforms"
----
-# Voice & TTS
-Hermes Agent supports both text-to-speech output and voice message transcription across all messaging platforms.
-:::tip Nous Subscribers
-If you have a paid [Nous Portal](https://portal.nousresearch.com) subscription, OpenAI TTS is available through the **[Tool Gateway](tool-gateway.md)** without a separate OpenAI API key. New installs can run `hermes setup --portal` to log in and turn on every gateway tool at once; existing installs can pick **Nous Subscription** for just TTS via `hermes model` or `hermes tools`.
-:::
-## Text-to-Speech
-Convert text to speech with eleven providers:
-| Provider | Quality | Cost | API Key |
-|----------|---------|------|---------|
-| **Edge TTS** (default) | Good | Free | None needed |
-| **ElevenLabs** | Excellent | Paid | `ELEVENLABS_API_KEY` |
-| **OpenAI TTS** | Good | Paid | `VOICE_TOOLS_OPENAI_KEY` |
-| **MiniMax TTS** | Excellent | Paid | `MINIMAX_API_KEY` or `MINIMAX_CN_API_KEY` |
-| **Mistral (Voxtral TTS)** | Excellent | Paid | `MISTRAL_API_KEY` |
-| **Google Gemini TTS** | Excellent | Free tier | `GEMINI_API_KEY` |
-| **xAI TTS** | Excellent | Paid | `XAI_API_KEY` |
-| **DeepInfra TTS** | Good | Paid | `DEEPINFRA_API_KEY` |
-| **NeuTTS** | Good | Free (local) | None needed |
-| **KittenTTS** | Good | Free (local) | None needed |
-| **Piper** | Good | Free (local) | None needed |
-### Platform Delivery
-| Platform | Delivery | Format |
-|----------|----------|--------|
-| Telegram | Voice bubble (plays inline) | Opus `.ogg` |
-| Discord | Voice bubble (Opus/OGG), falls back to file attachment | Opus/MP3 |
-| WhatsApp | Audio file attachment | MP3 |
-| CLI | Saved to `~/.hermes/audio_cache/` | MP3 |
-### Configuration
-```yaml
-# In ~/.hermes/config.yaml
-tts:
-  provider: "edge"              # "edge" | "elevenlabs" | "openai" | "minimax" | "mistral" | "gemini" | "xai" | "deepinfra" | "neutts" | "kittentts" | "piper" — or "nous" for the managed Tool Gateway (written when you pick Nous Subscription in `hermes tools`)
-  speed: 1.0                    # Global speed multiplier (provider-specific settings override this)
-  edge:
-    voice: "en-US-AriaNeural"   # 322 voices, 74 languages
-    speed: 1.0                  # Converted to rate percentage (+/-%)
-  elevenlabs:
-    voice_id: "pNInz6obpgDQGcFmaJgB"  # Adam
-    model_id: "eleven_multilingual_v2"
-  openai:
-    model: "gpt-4o-mini-tts"
-    voice: "alloy"              # alloy, echo, fable, onyx, nova, shimmer
-    base_url: "https://api.openai.com/v1"  # Override for OpenAI-compatible TTS endpoints
-    speed: 1.0                  # 0.25 - 4.0
-    # language: "es"            # Sent as lang_code — only for OpenAI-compatible endpoints that support it (e.g. Kokoro)
-  minimax:
-    region: "global"           # "global" or "cn"; see selection rules below
-    model: "speech-02-hd"     # speech-02-hd (default), speech-02-turbo
-    voice_id: "English_expressive_narrator"  # See https://platform.minimax.io/faq/system-voice-id
-    speed: 1                    # 0.5 - 2.0
-    vol: 1                      # 0 - 10
-    pitch: 0                    # -12 - 12
-    # base_url: "https://tts.example/v1/t2a_v2"  # Optional endpoint override for the selected region
-  mistral:
-    model: "voxtral-mini-tts-2603"
-    voice_id: "c69964a6-ab8b-4f8a-9465-ec0925096ec8"  # Paul - Neutral (default)
-  gemini:
-    model: "gemini-2.5-flash-preview-tts"  # or gemini-3.1-flash-tts-preview
-    voice: "Kore"               # 30 prebuilt voices: Zephyr, Puck, Kore, Enceladus, Gacrux, etc.
-    audio_tags: false           # Enable hidden Gemini 3.1 TTS audio-tag insertion
-    persona_prompt_file: ""      # Optional Markdown/text file with Gemini voice direction
-  xai:
-    voice_id: "eve"             # or a custom voice ID — see docs below
-    language: "en"              # BCP-47 code (e.g. "en", "pt-BR") or "auto" for detection
-    speed: 1.0                  # 0.7–1.5, playback speed (default: 1.0)
-    auto_speech_tags: false     # insert expressive audio tags via LLM rewrite
-    text_normalization: false   # normalize numbers/abbreviations/symbols to spoken form
-    optimize_streaming_latency: 0  # 0–2, trades quality for lower latency (default: 0)
-    sample_rate: 24000          # 22050 / 24000 (default) / 44100 / 48000
-    bit_rate: 128000            # MP3 bitrate; only applies when codec=mp3
-    # base_url: "https://api.x.ai/v1"   # Override via XAI_BASE_URL env var
-  neutts:
-    ref_audio: ''
-    ref_text: ''
-    model: neuphonic/neutts-air-q4-gguf
-    device: cpu
-  kittentts:
-    model: KittenML/kitten-tts-nano-0.8-int8   # 25MB int8; also: kitten-tts-micro-0.8 (41MB), kitten-tts-mini-0.8 (80MB)
-    voice: Jasper                               # Jasper, Bella, Luna, Bruno, Rosie, Hugo, Kiki, Leo
-    speed: 1.0                                  # 0.5 - 2.0
-    clean_text: true                            # Expand numbers, currencies, units
-  piper:
-    voice: en_US-lessac-medium                  # voice name (auto-downloaded) OR absolute path to .onnx
-    # voices_dir: ''                            # default: ~/.hermes/cache/piper-voices/
-    # use_cuda: false                           # requires onnxruntime-gpu
-    # length_scale: 1.0                         # 2.0 = twice as slow
-    # noise_scale: 0.667
-    # noise_w_scale: 0.8
-    # volume: 1.0                               # 0.5 = half as loud
-    # normalize_audio: true
-```
-MiniMax TTS selects its region, endpoint, and credential together:
-- `region: "global"` uses `https://api.minimax.io/v1/t2a_v2` with `MINIMAX_API_KEY`.
-- `region: "cn"` uses `https://api.minimaxi.com/v1/t2a_v2` with `MINIMAX_CN_API_KEY`.
-- If `region` is omitted, `MINIMAX_API_KEY` keeps precedence for backward compatibility. If only `MINIMAX_CN_API_KEY` is configured, Hermes selects `cn`.
-- An explicitly selected region must have its matching credential. Hermes never borrows the other region's key. A `base_url` override does not change the selected credential, and an override pointing at the other region's official endpoint is rejected.
-**Speed control**: The global `tts.speed` value applies to all providers by default. Each provider can override it with its own `speed` setting (e.g., `tts.openai.speed: 1.5`). Provider-specific speed takes precedence over the global value. Default is `1.0` (normal speed).
-### Gemini Persona Prompts
-Gemini TTS can follow natural-language performance direction. Set `tts.gemini.persona_prompt_file` to a local Markdown or text file that describes the voice persona. The file can include Gemini-style sections such as `AUDIO PROFILE`, `SCENE`, `DIRECTOR'S NOTES`, `SAMPLE CONTEXT`, and `TRANSCRIPT`.
-If the file contains `{transcript}` or `{{ transcript }}`, Hermes replaces that placeholder with the live TTS text. Otherwise, Hermes appends a labeled `TRANSCRIPT` section automatically. The persona prompt stays local and is not shown in the chat reply.
-```yaml
-tts:
-  provider: gemini
-  gemini:
-    voice: Algieba
-    persona_prompt_file: ~/.hermes/tts/butler-voice.md
-```
-### Audio Tags (Gemini, xAI)
-Google's Gemini 3.1 Flash TTS and xAI's Grok TTS support freeform square-bracket audio tags such as `[whispers]`, `[excitedly]`, `[very slow]`, `[laughs]`, and other expressive delivery notes. Enable `tts.gemini.audio_tags` or `tts.xai.auto_speech_tags` to have Hermes run a hidden rewrite pass before TTS. The rewrite inserts inline tags into the TTS script only; the visible chat reply stays unchanged.
-```yaml
-tts:
-  provider: gemini
-  gemini:
-    model: gemini-3.1-flash-tts-preview
-    audio_tags: true
-  xai:
-    auto_speech_tags: true
-```
-The rewrite uses `auxiliary.tts_audio_tags` and defaults to your main chat model. Override that auxiliary task if you want tag insertion handled by a cheaper or faster model.
-**Language (OpenAI-compatible endpoints)**: `tts.openai.language` is forwarded to the endpoint as a `lang_code` request parameter. It is intended for OpenAI-compatible TTS servers that support `lang_code` — for example [Kokoro-FastAPI](https://github.com/remsky/Kokoro-FastAPI), where `language: "es"` selects the Spanish phonemizer instead of the English default. Leave it unset when using the official OpenAI API, which does not accept this parameter. When unset, nothing extra is sent.
-### Input length limits
-Each provider has a documented per-request input-character cap. Hermes splits longer replies into ordered, sentence-aware chunks before calling the provider, so the full normalized text is preserved instead of silently truncated:
-| Provider | Default cap (chars) |
-|----------|---------------------|
-| Edge TTS | 5000 |
-| OpenAI | 4096 |
-| xAI | 15000 |
-| MiniMax | 10000 |
-| Mistral | 4000 |
-| Google Gemini | 32000 |
-| ElevenLabs | Model-aware (see below) |
-| NeuTTS | 2000 |
-| KittenTTS | 2000 |
-| Piper | 5000 |
-**ElevenLabs** picks a cap from the configured `model_id`:
-| `model_id` | Cap (chars) |
-|------------|-------------|
-| `eleven_flash_v2_5` | 40000 |
-| `eleven_flash_v2` | 30000 |
-| `eleven_multilingual_v2` (default), `eleven_multilingual_v1`, `eleven_english_sts_v2`, `eleven_english_sts_v1` | 10000 |
-| `eleven_v3`, `eleven_ttv_v3` | 5000 |
-| Unknown model | Falls back to provider default (10000) |
-**Override per provider** with `max_text_length:` under the provider section of your TTS config:
-```yaml
-tts:
-  openai:
-    max_text_length: 8192   # raise or lower the provider cap
-```
-Only positive integers are honored. Zero, negative, non-numeric, or boolean values fall through to the provider default, so a broken config can't accidentally bypass the provider request limit.
-### Telegram Voice Bubbles & ffmpeg
-Telegram voice bubbles require Opus/OGG audio format:
-- **OpenAI, ElevenLabs, and Mistral** produce Opus natively — no extra setup
-- **Edge TTS** (default) outputs MP3 and needs **ffmpeg** to convert:
-- **MiniMax TTS** outputs MP3 and needs **ffmpeg** to convert for Telegram voice bubbles
-- **Google Gemini TTS** outputs raw PCM and uses **ffmpeg** to encode Opus directly for Telegram voice bubbles
-- **xAI TTS** outputs MP3 and needs **ffmpeg** to convert for Telegram voice bubbles
-- **NeuTTS** outputs WAV and also needs **ffmpeg** to convert for Telegram voice bubbles
-- **KittenTTS** outputs WAV and also needs **ffmpeg** to convert for Telegram voice bubbles
-- **Piper** outputs WAV and also needs **ffmpeg** to convert for Telegram voice bubbles
-```bash
-# Ubuntu/Debian
-sudo apt install ffmpeg
-# macOS
-brew install ffmpeg
-# Fedora
-sudo dnf install ffmpeg
-```
-Without ffmpeg, Edge TTS, MiniMax TTS, NeuTTS, KittenTTS, and Piper audio are sent as regular audio files (playable, but shown as a rectangular player instead of a voice bubble).
-:::tip
-If you want voice bubbles without installing ffmpeg, switch to the OpenAI, ElevenLabs, or Mistral provider.
-:::
-### xAI Custom Voices (voice cloning)
-xAI supports cloning your voice and using it with TTS. Create a custom voice in the [xAI Console](https://console.x.ai/team/default/voice/voice-library), then set the resulting `voice_id` in your config:
-```yaml
-tts:
-  provider: xai
-  xai:
-    voice_id: "nlbqfwie"   # your custom voice ID
-```
-See the [xAI Custom Voices docs](https://docs.x.ai/developers/model-capabilities/audio/custom-voices) for details on recording, supported formats, and limits.
-### Piper (local, 44 languages)
-Piper is a fast, local neural TTS engine from the Open Home Foundation (the Home Assistant maintainers). It runs entirely on CPU, supports **44 languages** with pre-trained voices, and needs no API key.
-**Install via `hermes tools`** → Voice & TTS → Piper — Hermes runs `pip install piper-tts` for you. Or install manually: `pip install piper-tts`.
-**Switch to Piper:**
-```yaml
-tts:
-  provider: piper
-  piper:
-    voice: en_US-lessac-medium
-```
-On the first TTS call for a voice that isn't cached locally, Hermes runs `python -m piper.download_voices <name>` and downloads the model (~20-90MB depending on quality tier) into `~/.hermes/cache/piper-voices/`. Subsequent calls reuse the cached model.
-**Picking a voice.** The [full voice catalog](https://github.com/OHF-Voice/piper1-gpl/blob/main/docs/VOICES.md) covers English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Polish, Turkish, Chinese, Arabic, Hindi, and more — each with `x_low` / `low` / `medium` / `high` quality tiers. Sample voices at [rhasspy.github.io/piper-samples](https://rhasspy.github.io/piper-samples/).
-**Using a pre-downloaded voice.** Set `tts.piper.voice` to an absolute path ending in `.onnx`:
-```yaml
-tts:
-  piper:
-    voice: /path/to/my-custom-voice.onnx
-```
-**Advanced knobs** (`tts.piper.length_scale` / `noise_scale` / `noise_w_scale` / `volume` / `normalize_audio`, `use_cuda`) correspond 1:1 to Piper's `SynthesisConfig`. They're ignored on older `piper-tts` versions.
-### Warm-up and unload via speech toggles (local engines)
-Local engines (Piper, KittenTTS) load their model lazily, so without help the *first* spoken reply after you turn speech on pays the whole model load — and on a fresh install the voice download — as silence before the first word. Hermes treats the speech-output toggles as the signal that TTS is about to be needed:
-- **Desktop** — **Read replies aloud** is a desktop-local preference, independent of the gateway's `voice.auto_tts` setting in Settings → Voice. It migrates the shared value once, then later gateway configuration changes do not override the desktop toggle. If local storage is full or unavailable, the choice still lasts for this window; persistence across a reload remains best-effort. Turning on **Read replies aloud**, or starting a **voice conversation**, pre-loads the configured engine in the background right away. Turning both off again unloads the resident model (a Piper voice is tens of MB; KittenTTS up to ~80MB) so it isn't parked in RAM for nothing.
-- **CLI / TUI** — `/voice tts` (and `/voice on` when `voice.auto_tts` is set) do the same; `/voice off` releases.
-Each toggle holds a *lease* on the engine; the model is only unloaded when the last lease across surfaces is released, so switching off read-aloud in one Desktop window never pulls the voice out from under a conversation running in another. For cloud providers there is no model to hold — the toggle only makes sure a lazily-installed SDK (edge-tts, ElevenLabs, Mistral) is present. Warm-up is best-effort: if the engine can't load, the toggle still succeeds and the first reply falls back to loading on demand as before.
-The Desktop calls `POST /api/audio/tts-lease` with `{"lease": "<name>", "active": true|false}`; other frontends can use the same endpoint.
-The same lease also reaches user-declared providers, so a self-hosted TTS server can preload and unload its model on the toggles: a [command provider](#custom-command-providers) runs its optional `warm_command` / `release_command`, and a [Python plugin provider](#python-plugin-providers) gets `warm()` / `release()`.
-### Custom command providers
-If a TTS engine you want isn't natively supported (VoxCPM, MLX-Kokoro, XTTS CLI, a voice-cloning script, anything else that exposes a CLI), you can wire it in as a **command-type provider** without writing any Python. Hermes writes the input text to a temp UTF-8 file, runs your shell command, and reads the audio file the command produced.
-Declare one or more providers under `tts.providers.<name>` and switch between them with `tts.provider: <name>` — the same way you switch between built-ins like `edge` and `openai`.
-```yaml
-tts:
-  provider: voxcpm                 # pick any name under tts.providers
-  providers:
-    voxcpm:
-      type: command
-      command: "voxcpm --ref ~/voice.wav --text-file {input_path} --out {output_path}"
-      output_format: mp3
-      timeout: 180
-      voice_compatible: true       # try to deliver as a Telegram voice bubble
-    mlx-kokoro:
-      type: command
-      command: "python -m mlx_kokoro --in {input_path} --out {output_path} --voice {voice}"
-      voice: af_sky
-      output_format: wav
-    piper-custom:                  # native Piper also supports custom .onnx via tts.piper.voice
-      type: command
-      command: "piper -m /path/to/custom.onnx -f {output_path} < {input_path}"
-      output_format: wav
-```
-**Supported `output_format` values:** `mp3` (default), `wav`, `ogg`, `flac`, `m4a`, `aac`, `amr`, `opus`. Your command must actually produce that format (e.g. via `ffmpeg`); Hermes only validates the declared value and names the output file accordingly. An unknown value falls back to `mp3`. The chosen format is also exposed to the command as the `{format}` placeholder.
-**Subprocess environment:** command providers (TTS and STT) run with Hermes secrets scrubbed from the child environment — gateway bot tokens, LLM provider API keys, and internal relay credentials are removed; `PATH`, `HOME`, locale, and other normal variables are kept. If your command template needs its own API key from the environment (e.g. a `curl` one-liner), list the variable names under `env_passthrough` in the provider config:
-```yaml
-tts:
-  providers:
-    mycloud:
-      type: command
-      command: 'curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer $MYCLOUD_API_KEY" ... -o {output_path}'
-      env_passthrough: [MYCLOUD_API_KEY]
-```
-#### Example: Doubao (Chinese seed-tts-2.0)
-For high-quality Chinese TTS via ByteDance's [seed-tts-2.0](https://www.volcengine.com/docs/6561/1257544) bidirectional-streaming API, install the [`doubao-speech`](https://pypi.org/project/doubao-speech/) PyPI package and wire it in as a command provider:
-```bash
-pip install doubao-speech
-export VOLCENGINE_APP_ID="your-app-id"
-export VOLCENGINE_ACCESS_TOKEN="your-access-token"
-```
-```yaml
-tts:
-  provider: doubao
-  providers:
-    doubao:
-      type: command
-      command: "doubao-speech say --text-file {input_path} --out {output_path}"
-      output_format: mp3
-      max_text_length: 1024
-      timeout: 30
-```
-Credentials come from your shell environment (`VOLCENGINE_APP_ID` / `VOLCENGINE_ACCESS_TOKEN`) or `~/.doubao-speech/config.yaml`. Pick a voice by adding `--voice zh-female-warm` (or any other alias from `doubao-speech list-voices`) to the command. `doubao-speech` also bundles streaming ASR — see the [STT section below](#example-doubao--volcengine-asr) for Hermes integration. Source and full docs: [github.com/Hypnus-Yuan/doubao-speech](https://github.com/Hypnus-Yuan/doubao-speech).
-#### Placeholders
-Your command template can reference these placeholders. Hermes substitutes them at render time and shell-quotes each value for the surrounding context (bare / single-quoted / double-quoted), so paths with spaces and other shell-sensitive characters are safe.
-| Placeholder      | Meaning                                              |
-|------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
-| `{input_path}`   | Path to the temp UTF-8 text file Hermes wrote        |
-| `{text_path}`    | Alias for `{input_path}`                             |
-| `{output_path}`  | Path the command must write audio to                 |
-| `{format}`       | `mp3` / `wav` / `ogg` / `flac`                       |
-| `{voice}`        | `tts.providers.<name>.voice`, empty when unset       |
-| `{model}`        | `tts.providers.<name>.model`                         |
-| `{speed}`        | Resolved speed multiplier (provider or global)       |
-Use `{{` and `}}` for literal braces.
-#### Optional keys
-| Key                | Default | Meaning                                                                                                    |
-|--------------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `timeout`          | `120`   | Idle seconds; stdout or stderr output resets the deadline. The process tree is killed after inactivity (Unix `killpg`, Windows `taskkill /T`). |
-| `output_format`    | `mp3`   | One of `mp3` / `wav` / `ogg` / `flac`. Auto-inferred from the output extension if Hermes picks a path.      |
-| `voice_compatible` | `false` | When `true`, Hermes converts MP3/WAV output to Opus/OGG via ffmpeg so Telegram renders a voice bubble.      |
-| `max_text_length`  | `5000`  | Maximum input characters per command invocation; longer text is split into ordered chunks.                  |
-| `voice` / `model`  | empty   | Passed to the command as placeholder values only.                                                           |
-| `warm_command` / `release_command` | unset | Shell commands run when a surface toggles speech output on / when the last lease across surfaces is released — e.g. `curl -s localhost:5002/load?model={model}` to preload a local TTS server, and its `unload` counterpart. Best-effort and non-blocking: run in the background with the same `timeout`, `env_passthrough` and `{voice}` / `{model}` / `{speed}` placeholders as `command`; output is discarded and failures are only logged at debug. |
-#### Behavior notes
-- **Built-in names always win.** A `tts.providers.openai` entry never shadows the native OpenAI provider, so no user config can silently replace a built-in.
-- **Default delivery is a document.** Command providers deliver as regular audio attachments on every platform. Opt in to voice-bubble delivery per-provider with `voice_compatible: true`.
-- **Command failures surface to the agent.** Non-zero exit, empty output, or timeout all return an error with the command's stderr/stdout included so you can debug the provider from the conversation.
-- **`type: command` is the default when `command:` is set.** Writing `type: command` explicitly is good practice but not required; an entry with a non-empty `command` string is treated as a command provider.
-- **`{input_path}` / `{text_path}` are interchangeable.** Use whichever reads better in your command.
-#### Security
-Command-type providers run whatever shell command you configure, with your user's permissions. Hermes quotes placeholder values and enforces the configured timeout, but the command template itself is trusted local input — treat it the same way you would a shell script on your PATH.
-### Python plugin providers
-For TTS engines that can't be expressed as a single shell command — Python SDKs without a CLI, streaming engines, voice-listing APIs, OAuth-refreshing auth — register a Python plugin via `ctx.register_tts_provider()`. The plugin **coexists with** (does not replace) the [Custom command providers](#custom-command-providers) registry; pick the surface that fits your engine.
-#### When to pick which
-| Your backend has… | Use |
-|---|---|
-| A single CLI reading text from a file/stdin and writing audio to a file/stdout | **Command provider** (no Python needed) |
-| Two or three CLIs chained with shell pipes | **Command provider** |
-| A Python SDK only — no CLI | **Plugin** |
-| Streaming bytes you want to deliver chunked (mid-generation voice bubbles) | **Plugin** (override `stream()`) |
-| A voice-listing API used by `hermes setup` | **Plugin** (override `list_voices()`) |
-| OAuth refresh flow (not a static bearer token) | **Plugin** |
-Built-ins always win, and command providers win over a same-name plugin — so plugins are safe to register against any non-built-in name without worrying about shadowing your existing config.
-#### Minimal plugin
-Drop this in `~/.hermes/plugins/my-tts/`:
-`plugin.yaml`:
-```yaml
-name: my-tts
-version: 0.1.0
-description: "My custom Python TTS backend"
-```
-`__init__.py`:
-```python
-from agent.tts_provider import TTSProvider
-class MyTTSProvider(TTSProvider):
-    @property
-    def name(self) -> str:
-        return "my-tts"  # what tts.provider matches against
-    @property
-    def display_name(self) -> str:
-        return "My Custom TTS"
-    def is_available(self) -> bool:
-        # Return False when credentials/deps are missing — picker skips
-        # this row but the dispatcher still routes here on explicit config.
-        import os
-        return bool(os.environ.get("MY_TTS_API_KEY"))
-    def synthesize(self, text, output_path, *, voice=None, model=None,
-                   speed=None, format="mp3", **extra) -> str:
-        # Write audio bytes to output_path, return the path.
-        # Raise on failure — the dispatcher converts exceptions to a
-        # standard error envelope.
-        import my_tts_sdk
-        client = my_tts_sdk.Client()
-        audio_bytes = client.synthesize(text=text, voice=voice or "default")
-        with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
-            f.write(audio_bytes)
-        return output_path
-def register(ctx):
-    ctx.register_tts_provider(MyTTSProvider())
-```
-Enable it (`hermes plugins enable my-tts`), point `tts.provider` at it (`tts.provider: my-tts` in `config.yaml`), and the `text_to_speech` tool will route through your plugin.
-#### Optional hooks
-Override these on your provider class for richer integration:
-- `list_voices()` → list of `{id, display, language, gender, preview_url}` dicts shown in `hermes tools`.
-- `list_models()` → list of `{id, display, languages, max_text_length}` dicts.
-- `get_setup_schema()` → return `{name, badge, tag, env_vars: [{key, prompt, url}]}` to power the picker row in `hermes tools` / `hermes setup`. Without this, the plugin still works but its row in the picker is minimal.
-- `stream(text, *, voice, model, format, **extra)` → iterator yielding audio bytes for streaming delivery (default raises `NotImplementedError`).
-- `voice_compatible` property → set `True` if your output is Opus-compatible and the gateway should deliver it as a voice bubble (default `False` = regular audio attachment).
-- `warm()` / `release()` → called when a surface toggles speech output on / when the last lease across surfaces is released, while your provider is the configured `tts.provider` — preload or unload a local model server here. Both default to no-ops; exceptions are logged at debug and never fail the toggle.
-See `agent/tts_provider.py` for the full ABC including docstrings.
-## Voice Message Transcription (STT)
-Voice messages sent on Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Slack, or Signal are automatically transcribed and injected as text into the conversation. The agent sees the transcript as normal text.
-| Provider | Quality | Cost | API Key |
-|----------|---------|------|---------|
-| **Local Whisper** (default) | Good | Free | None needed |
-| **Groq Whisper API** | Good–Best | Free tier | `GROQ_API_KEY` |
-| **OpenAI Whisper API** | Good–Best | Paid | `VOICE_TOOLS_OPENAI_KEY` or `OPENAI_API_KEY` |
-:::info Zero Config
-Local transcription works out of the box when `faster-whisper` is installed. If that's unavailable, Hermes can also use a local `whisper` CLI from common install locations (like `/opt/homebrew/bin`) or a custom command via `HERMES_LOCAL_STT_COMMAND`.
-:::
-### Configuration
-```yaml
-# In ~/.hermes/config.yaml
-stt:
-  provider: "local"           # "local" | "groq" | "openai" | "mistral" | "xai" | "elevenlabs" | "deepinfra"
-  language: "en"              # Global language hint applied to every provider unless a per-provider language overrides it; set "" to restore auto-detect
-  local:
-    model: "base"             # tiny, base, small, medium, large-v3
-    language: ""              # optional ISO-639-1 hint; blank = use HERMES_LOCAL_STT_LANGUAGE if set, else auto-detect
-  groq:
-    language: ""              # optional ISO-639-1 hint; blank = use HERMES_LOCAL_STT_LANGUAGE if set, else auto-detect
-  openai:
-    model: "whisper-1"        # whisper-1, gpt-4o-mini-transcribe, gpt-4o-transcribe, gpt-transcribe
-  mistral:
-    model: "voxtral-mini-latest"  # voxtral-mini-latest, voxtral-mini-2602
-  xai:
-    model: "grok-stt"         # xAI Grok STT
-    language: ""              # optional ISO-639-1 hint; blank = use HERMES_LOCAL_STT_LANGUAGE if set, else "en"
-```
-### Provider Details
-**Local (faster-whisper)** — Runs Whisper locally via [faster-whisper](https://github.com/SYSTRAN/faster-whisper). Uses CPU by default, GPU if available. Model sizes:
-| Model | Size | Speed | Quality |
-|-------|------|-------|---------|
-| `tiny` | ~75 MB | Fastest | Basic |
-| `base` | ~150 MB | Fast | Good (default) |
-| `small` | ~500 MB | Medium | Better |
-| `medium` | ~1.5 GB | Slower | Great |
-| `large-v3` | ~3 GB | Slowest | Best |
-The first use downloads the selected model from `huggingface.co`; later loads prefer the local cache and do not require an online revision check. On networks where the Hub is unavailable, export an accessible mirror in the shell or service that starts Hermes:
-```bash
-HF_ENDPOINT=https://your-hugging-face-mirror.example
-HF_HUB_DISABLE_XET=1
-```
-`HF_HUB_DISABLE_XET=1` keeps downloads on the mirror's regular HTTP path instead of contacting Xet CAS hosts that do not honor `HF_ENDPOINT`.
-**Groq API** — Requires `GROQ_API_KEY`. Good cloud fallback when you want a free hosted STT option. Set `stt.groq.language` (or the global `HERMES_LOCAL_STT_LANGUAGE` env var) to skip Whisper's auto-detect and reduce latency on known-language audio.
-**OpenAI API** — Accepts `VOICE_TOOLS_OPENAI_KEY` first and falls back to `OPENAI_API_KEY`. Supports `whisper-1`, `gpt-4o-mini-transcribe`, `gpt-4o-transcribe`, and `gpt-transcribe`.
-**Mistral API (Voxtral Transcribe)** — Requires `MISTRAL_API_KEY`. Uses Mistral's [Voxtral Transcribe](https://docs.mistral.ai/capabilities/audio/speech_to_text/) models. Supports 13 languages, speaker diarization, and word-level timestamps. Install with `cd ~/.hermes/hermes-agent && uv pip install -e ".[mistral]"`.
-**xAI Grok STT** — Requires `XAI_API_KEY`. Posts to `https://api.x.ai/v1/stt` as multipart/form-data. Good choice if you're already using xAI for chat or TTS and want one API key for everything. Auto-detection order puts it after Groq — explicitly set `stt.provider: xai` to force it.
-**Custom local CLI fallback** — Set `HERMES_LOCAL_STT_COMMAND` if you want Hermes to call a local transcription command directly. The command template supports `{input_path}`, `{output_dir}`, `{language}`, and `{model}` placeholders. Hermes tokenizes the rendered template into an argument list and executes it without a shell, so operators such as `|`, `>`, `&&`, and `;` are passed as literal arguments. Your command must write a `.txt` transcript somewhere under `{output_dir}`.
-#### Example: Doubao / Volcengine ASR
-If you use [`doubao-speech`](https://pypi.org/project/doubao-speech/) for Doubao TTS (see [above](#example-doubao-chinese-seed-tts-20)), the same package handles speech-to-text via the local-command STT surface:
-```bash
-pip install doubao-speech
-export VOLCENGINE_APP_ID="your-app-id"
-export VOLCENGINE_ACCESS_TOKEN="your-access-token"
-export HERMES_LOCAL_STT_COMMAND='doubao-speech transcribe {input_path} --out {output_dir}/transcript.txt'
-```
-If a trusted local template intentionally needs pipes, redirects, or another shell feature, invoke the shell explicitly. Keep dynamic paths outside the shell program and pass them as positional arguments:
-```bash
-export HERMES_LOCAL_STT_COMMAND='sh -c '\''whisper "$1" --output_format txt --output_dir "$2" | tee "$2/whisper.log"'\'' _ {input_path} {output_dir}'
-```
-On Windows, use an explicit `cmd /c` or PowerShell wrapper instead. An explicit wrapper makes shell interpretation an opt-in part of the configured argv rather than an implicit property of every local STT template.
-```yaml
-stt:
-  provider: local_command
-```
-Hermes writes the incoming voice message to `{input_path}`, runs the command, and reads the `.txt` file produced under `{output_dir}`. Language is auto-detected by the Volcengine bigmodel endpoint.
-### Fallback Behavior
-An **explicit** `stt.provider` selection (written in `config.yaml`, e.g. via `hermes tools`) is honored strictly — if that provider can't run, transcription fails with a clear error (`stt is configured to use <provider> (set via hermes tools), but <failure>. Run 'hermes tools' to change it.`) instead of silently switching engines. Note that `stt.provider: local` written in your config counts as an explicit selection.
-When **no provider has ever been selected**, Hermes auto-detects from what's available:
-- **Local faster-whisper unavailable** → Tries a local `whisper` CLI or `HERMES_LOCAL_STT_COMMAND` before cloud providers
-- **Groq key not set** → Skipped; next available provider
-- **OpenAI key not set** → Skipped; next available provider
-- **Mistral key/SDK not set** → Skipped in auto-detect; falls through to next available provider
-- **Nothing available** → Voice messages pass through with an accurate note to the user
-### STT custom command providers
-If the STT engine you want isn't natively supported (Doubao ASR, NVIDIA Parakeet, a whisper.cpp build, an open-source SenseVoice CLI, anything else that exposes a shell command), wire it in as a **command-type provider** without writing any Python. Hermes runs your shell command against the audio file and reads back the transcript.
-Declare one or more providers under `stt.providers.<name>` and switch between them with `stt.provider: <name>` — same shape as the TTS [command-provider registry](#custom-command-providers), adapted for the input=audio → output=transcript direction.
-```yaml
-stt:
-  provider: parakeet                # pick any name under stt.providers
-  providers:
-    parakeet:
-      type: command
-      command: "parakeet-asr --model nvidia/parakeet-tdt-0.6b-v2 --in {input_path} --out {output_path}"
-      format: txt
-      language: en
-      timeout: 300
-    whispercpp:
-      type: command
-      command: "whisper-cli -m ~/models/ggml-large-v3.bin -f {input_path} -otxt -of {output_dir}/transcript"
-      format: txt
-    sensevoice:
-      type: command
-      command: "sensevoice-cli {input_path} --json | tee {output_path}"
-      format: json
-```
-This complements the legacy `HERMES_LOCAL_STT_COMMAND` escape hatch via the built-in `local_command` path. Unlike the shell-driven command-provider registry, the legacy template is tokenized into argv and runs without implicit shell interpretation. Use `stt.providers.<name>` when you want **multiple** shell-driven STT engines, a name you can pick via `stt.provider`, or anything that needs per-provider `language` / `model` / `timeout`.
-#### STT placeholders
-Your command template can reference these placeholders. Hermes substitutes them at render time and shell-quotes each value for the surrounding context (bare / single-quoted / double-quoted), so paths with spaces are safe.
-| Placeholder       | Meaning                                                              |
-|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `{input_path}`    | Absolute path to the input audio file (original location, read-only) |
-| `{output_path}`   | Absolute path the command should write the transcript to             |
-| `{output_dir}`    | Parent directory of `{output_path}` (handy for whisper-style tools)  |
-| `{format}`        | Configured output format: `txt` / `json` / `srt` / `vtt`             |
-| `{language}`      | Configured language code (defaults to `en`)                          |
-| `{model}`         | `stt.providers.<name>.model`, empty when unset                       |
-Use `{{` and `}}` for literal braces (handy when embedding JSON snippets in the command).
-#### How the transcript is read back
-After your command exits successfully:
-1. If `{output_path}` exists and is non-empty → Hermes reads it as UTF-8 text.
-2. Otherwise, if the command wrote to stdout → Hermes uses that.
-3. Otherwise → error: "Command STT provider wrote no output file and produced no stdout".
-This lets you use the registry for both file-writing CLIs (`whisper-cli`, `parakeet-asr`) and curl-style one-liners that emit transcript to stdout (`curl … | jq -r .text`).
-For `format: json` / `srt` / `vtt`, Hermes returns the raw file content as the `transcript` field. Extracting `.text` from JSON is out of scope for the runner — either configure `format: txt`, or post-process JSON downstream.
-#### STT command-provider optional keys
-| Key             | Default | Meaning                                                                                              |
-|-----------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `timeout`       | `300`   | Seconds; the process tree is killed on expiry (Unix `start_new_session`, Windows `taskkill /T`).     |
-| `format`        | `txt`   | One of `txt` / `json` / `srt` / `vtt`. Sets the extension of `{output_path}`.                       |
-| `language`      | `en`    | Forwarded to `{language}`. Defaults to `stt.language` then `en`.                                     |
-| `model`         | empty   | Forwarded to `{model}`. The `model=` argument to `transcribe_audio()` overrides this.                |
-#### STT command-provider behavior notes
-- **Built-ins always win.** Declaring `stt.providers.openai: type: command` does NOT override the real OpenAI Whisper handler. The built-in name is short-circuited before the command-provider resolver runs.
-- **Process-tree cleanup.** A command running over `timeout` has its entire process tree killed, not just the shell wrapper. Long-running ASR pipelines that fork model-loading subprocesses are reaped reliably.
-- **Shell-quoting is automatic.** Placeholders inside `'…'` get single-quote-safe escaping; inside `"…"` get `$`/`` ` ``/`"` escaping; outside quotes get `shlex.quote`. Don't pre-quote placeholder values.
-#### STT command-provider security
-The shell command runs under the same user as Hermes with full filesystem access — same trust model as `tts.providers.<name>: type: command` and `HERMES_LOCAL_STT_COMMAND`. Only declare command providers from sources you trust.
-### Python plugin providers (STT)
-For STT engines that aren't built-in AND can't be expressed as a shell command (need a Python SDK, OAuth-refreshing auth, streaming chunks, etc.), register a Python plugin via `ctx.register_transcription_provider()`. The plugin **coexists with** the 8 built-in providers (`local`, `local_command`, `groq`, `openai`, `mistral`, `xai`, `elevenlabs`, `deepinfra`) and the `stt.providers.<name>: type: command` registry — built-ins keep their native implementations and always win on name collision; command providers win over plugins of the same name (config is more local than plugin install).
-#### When to pick which (STT)
-| Backend has…                                                 | Use                                                              |
-|--------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| A single shell command that takes an audio file and emits text | `stt.providers.<name>: type: command` (no Python needed)        |
-| Only the legacy single-command escape hatch is wanted        | `HERMES_LOCAL_STT_COMMAND` env var (argv-tokenized; no implicit shell) |
-| A Python SDK with no CLI                                     | `register_transcription_provider()` plugin                      |
-| OAuth-refreshing auth, streaming chunks, voice-list metadata | `register_transcription_provider()` plugin                      |
-| A built-in already covers it (`local`, `groq`, `openai`, …)  | Set `stt.provider: <name>` — built-ins are inline               |
-#### Resolution order
-1. **`stt.provider` is a built-in name** → built-in dispatch. **Always wins.**
-2. **`stt.provider` matches `stt.providers.<name>` with `command:` set** → command-provider runner (see [STT custom command providers](#stt-custom-command-providers)). Wins over a same-name plugin.
-3. **`stt.provider` matches a plugin-registered `TranscriptionProvider`** → plugin dispatch:
-   - if the plugin's `is_available()` returns `False` (missing creds or SDK), the call surfaces an unavailability error envelope identifying the plugin — **not** the generic "No STT provider available" message.
-   - otherwise the plugin's `transcribe()` is called with `model` (from the public `model=` arg, falling back to `stt.<provider>.model`) and `language` (from `stt.<provider>.language`).
-4. **No match** → "No STT provider available" error.
-#### Per-provider config namespace
-Plugins read their per-provider configuration from `stt.<provider>` in `config.yaml`, mirroring how built-ins read `stt.openai.model` / `stt.mistral.model`:
-```yaml
-stt:
-  provider: my-stt
-  my-stt:
-    model: whisper-large-v3
-    language: ja          # forwarded as language= to transcribe()
-    # any other plugin-specific keys go here; read them via your
-    # own config.yaml access in __init__/is_available/transcribe
-```
-The dispatcher forwards `model` and `language` from this section; everything else, the plugin can read itself.
-#### Minimal plugin
-Drop this in `~/.hermes/plugins/my-stt/`:
-`plugin.yaml`:
-```yaml
-name: my-stt
-version: 0.1.0
-description: "My custom Python STT backend"
-```
-`__init__.py`:
-```python
-from agent.transcription_provider import TranscriptionProvider
-class MySTTProvider(TranscriptionProvider):
-    @property
-    def name(self) -> str:
-        return "my-stt"  # what stt.provider matches against
-    @property
-    def display_name(self) -> str:
-        return "My Custom STT"
-    def is_available(self) -> bool:
-        # Return False when credentials/deps are missing — picker skips
-        # this row but the dispatcher still routes here on explicit config.
-        import os
-        return bool(os.environ.get("MY_STT_API_KEY"))
-    def transcribe(self, file_path, *, model=None, language=None, **extra):
-        # Return the standard transcribe envelope:
-        #   {"success": bool, "transcript": str, "provider": str, "error": str}
-        # Do NOT raise — convert exceptions to the error envelope so the
-        # gateway/CLI caller sees a consistent shape on failure.
-        try:
-            import my_stt_sdk
-            client = my_stt_sdk.Client()
-            text = client.transcribe(open(file_path, "rb"))
-            return {
-                "success": True,
-                "transcript": text,
-                "provider": "my-stt",
-            }
-        except Exception as exc:
-            return {
-                "success": False,
-                "transcript": "",
-                "error": f"my-stt failed: {exc}",
-                "provider": "my-stt",
-            }
-def register(ctx):
-    ctx.register_transcription_provider(MySTTProvider())
-```
-Enable it (`hermes plugins enable my-stt`), set `stt.provider: my-stt` in `config.yaml`, and voice-message transcription will route through your plugin.
-#### Optional hooks
-Override these on your provider class for richer integration:
-- `list_models()` → list of `{id, display, languages, max_audio_seconds}` dicts.
-- `default_model()` → string returned when the user doesn't override the model.
-- `get_setup_schema()` → return `{name, badge, tag, env_vars: [{key, prompt, url}]}` to power picker rows in `hermes tools` / `hermes setup` (the picker category for STT is not yet shipped — this metadata is available to plugins for forward compatibility).
-See `agent/transcription_provider.py` for the full ABC including docstrings.