babylon.quarks 0.17.4 → 0.17.7

package/src/ParticleSystem.ts

@@ -1,1285 +1,1322 @@
-import {Scene} from '@babylonjs/core/scene';
-import {Texture} from '@babylonjs/core/Materials/Textures/texture';
-import {Constants} from '@babylonjs/core/Engines/constants';
-import {
-    AxisAngleGenerator,
-    ColorGenerator,
-    ColorGeneratorFromJSON,
-    ConstantColor,
-    ConstantValue,
-    FunctionColorGenerator,
-    FunctionJSON,
-    FunctionValueGenerator,
-    GeneratorFromJSON,
-    ValueGenerator,
-    ValueGeneratorFromJSON,
-    Behavior,
-    BehaviorFromJSON,
-    Particle,
-    SpriteParticle,
-    TrailParticle,
-    EmitterFromJSON,
-    EmitterShape,
-    SphereEmitter,
-    RendererEmitterSettings,
-    RotationGenerator,
-    IParticleSystem,
-    EmissionState,
-    GeneratorMemory,
-    TrailSettings,
-    StretchedBillBoardSettings,
-    SerializationOptions,
-    Vector3,
-    Vector4,
-    Matrix3,
-    Matrix4,
-    Quaternion,
-    Vector3Generator,
-    ParticleSystemEvent,
-    ParticleSystemEventType,
-} from 'quarks.core';
-import {ParticleEmitter} from './ParticleEmitter';
-import {RenderMode} from './VFXBatch';
-import {BatchedRenderer, VFXBatchSettings} from './BatchedRenderer';
-import {ensureTriangleIndices} from './geometryUtil';
-
-export interface BurstParameters {
-    time: number;
-    count: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    cycle: number;
-    interval: number;
-    probability: number;
-}
-
-const UP = new Vector3(0, 0, 1);
-const tempQ = new Quaternion();
-const tempV = new Vector3();
-const tempV2 = new Vector3();
-const PREWARM_FPS = 60;
-
-const DEFAULT_POSITIONS = new Float32Array([
-    -0.5, -0.5, 0,
-     0.5, -0.5, 0,
-     0.5,  0.5, 0,
-    -0.5,  0.5, 0,
-]);
-const DEFAULT_UVS = new Float32Array([0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1]);
-const DEFAULT_INDICES = new Uint32Array([0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3]);
-
-export interface ParticleSystemParameters {
-    autoDestroy?: boolean;
-    looping?: boolean;
-    prewarm?: boolean;
-    duration?: number;
-    shape?: EmitterShape;
-    startLife?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    startSpeed?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    startRotation?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator | RotationGenerator;
-    startSize?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator | Vector3Generator;
-    startLength?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    startColor?: ColorGenerator | FunctionColorGenerator;
-    emissionOverTime?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    emissionOverDistance?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    emissionBursts?: Array<BurstParameters>;
-    onlyUsedByOther?: boolean;
-    behaviors?: Array<Behavior>;
-    instancingGeometry?: Float32Array;
-    instancingIndices?: Uint32Array | Uint16Array;
-    instancingUVs?: Float32Array;
-    instancingNormals?: Float32Array;
-    renderMode?: RenderMode;
-    rendererEmitterSettings?: RendererEmitterSettings;
-    speedFactor?: number;
-    material?: any;
-    texture?: Texture | null;
-    startTileIndex?: ValueGenerator;
-    uTileCount?: number;
-    vTileCount?: number;
-    blendTiles?: boolean;
-    softParticles?: boolean;
-    softFarFade?: number;
-    softNearFade?: number;
-    renderOrder?: number;
-    worldSpace?: boolean;
-    blendMode?: number;
-    transparent?: boolean;
-    depthTest?: boolean;
-    depthWrite?: boolean;
-    alphaTest?: number;
-    layerMask?: number;
-    scene?: Scene;
-}
-
-export interface BurstParametersJSON {
-    time: number;
-    count: FunctionJSON | number;
-    cycle: number;
-    interval: number;
-    probability: number;
-}
-
-export interface ParticleSystemJSONParameters {
-    version: string;
-    autoDestroy: boolean;
-    looping: boolean;
-    prewarm: boolean;
-    duration: number;
-    shape: any;
-    startLife: FunctionJSON;
-    startSpeed: FunctionJSON;
-    startRotation: FunctionJSON;
-    startSize: FunctionJSON;
-    startColor: FunctionJSON;
-    emissionOverTime: FunctionJSON;
-    emissionOverDistance: FunctionJSON;
-    emissionBursts?: Array<BurstParametersJSON>;
-    onlyUsedByOther: boolean;
-    rendererEmitterSettings: RendererEmitterSettings;
-    instancingGeometry?: any;
-    renderMode: number;
-    renderOrder?: number;
-    speedFactor?: number;
-    texture?: string;
-    material?: string;
-    layers?: number;
-    startTileIndex: FunctionJSON | number;
-    uTileCount: number;
-    vTileCount: number;
-    blendTiles?: boolean;
-    softParticles?: boolean;
-    softFarFade?: number;
-    softNearFade?: number;
-    blending?: number;
-    transparent?: boolean;
-    depthTest?: boolean;
-    depthWrite?: boolean;
-    alphaTest?: number;
-    behaviors: Array<any>;
-    worldSpace: boolean;
-}
-
-export interface BabylonMetaData {
-    textures: {[uuid: string]: Texture | null};
-    materials: {[uuid: string]: any};
-    geometries: {[uuid: string]: any};
-    images?: {[uuid: string]: any};
-    shapes?: {[uuid: string]: any};
-    skeletons?: {[uuid: string]: any};
-    animations?: {[uuid: string]: any};
-    nodes?: {[uuid: string]: any};
-}
-
-export class ParticleSystem implements IParticleSystem {
-    private static serializationCounter = 0;
-
-    autoDestroy: boolean;
-    prewarm: boolean;
-    looping: boolean;
-    duration: number;
-    startLife: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    startSpeed: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    startRotation: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator | RotationGenerator;
-    startSize: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator | Vector3Generator;
-    startColor: ColorGenerator | FunctionColorGenerator;
-    startTileIndex: ValueGenerator;
-    rendererEmitterSettings: RendererEmitterSettings;
-    emissionOverTime: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    emissionOverDistance: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
-    emissionBursts: Array<BurstParameters>;
-    onlyUsedByOther: boolean;
-    worldSpace: boolean;
-    particleNum: number;
-    paused: boolean;
-    particles: Array<Particle>;
-    emitterShape: EmitterShape;
-    emitter: ParticleEmitter;
-    rendererSettings: VFXBatchSettings;
-    neededToUpdateRender: boolean;
-    behaviors: Array<Behavior>;
-    emissionState: EmissionState;
-
-    private prewarmed: boolean;
-    private emitEnded: boolean;
-    private markForDestroy: boolean;
-    private temp: Vector3 = new Vector3();
-    private normalMatrix: Matrix3 = new Matrix3();
-    private memory: GeneratorMemory = [];
-    private listeners: {[event: string]: Array<(event: ParticleSystemEvent) => void>} = {};
-    private readonly layerMaskProxy: {mask: number};
-    private materialRef: any = null;
-    private qualityFactor = 1;
-    private useFastTrailHistory = true;
-    /** @internal **/
-    _renderer?: BatchedRenderer;
-
-    set time(time: number) {
-        this.emissionState.time = time;
-    }
-
-    get time(): number {
-        return this.emissionState.time;
-    }
-
-    get layers() {
-        return this.layerMaskProxy;
-    }
-
-    get texture() {
-        return this.rendererSettings.texture;
-    }
-
-    set texture(texture: Texture | null) {
-        this.rendererSettings.texture = texture;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    get material() {
-        return this.materialRef;
-    }
-
-    set material(material: any) {
-        this.materialRef = material;
-        this.applyMaterialSettings(material);
-    }
-
-    get uTileCount() {
-        return this.rendererSettings.uTileCount;
-    }
-
-    set uTileCount(u: number) {
-        this.rendererSettings.uTileCount = u;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    get vTileCount() {
-        return this.rendererSettings.vTileCount;
-    }
-
-    set vTileCount(v: number) {
-        this.rendererSettings.vTileCount = v;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    get blendTiles() {
-        return this.rendererSettings.blendTiles;
-    }
-
-    set blendTiles(v: boolean) {
-        this.rendererSettings.blendTiles = v;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    get softParticles() {
-        return this.rendererSettings.softParticles;
-    }
-
-    set softParticles(v: boolean) {
-        this.rendererSettings.softParticles = v;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    get softNearFade() {
-        return this.rendererSettings.softNearFade;
-    }
-
-    set softNearFade(v: number) {
-        this.rendererSettings.softNearFade = v;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    get softFarFade() {
-        return this.rendererSettings.softFarFade;
-    }
-
-    set softFarFade(v: number) {
-        this.rendererSettings.softFarFade = v;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    get instancingGeometry(): Float32Array {
-        return this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry;
-    }
-
-    set instancingGeometry(geometry: Float32Array) {
-        this.restart();
-        this.particles.length = 0;
-        this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry = geometry;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    get blending() {
-        return this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode;
-    }
-
-    set blending(blending: number) {
-        this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode = blending;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    get renderMode(): RenderMode {
-        return this.rendererSettings.renderMode;
-    }
-
-    set renderMode(renderMode: RenderMode) {
-        if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode !== renderMode) {
-            let needRestart = false;
-            if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
-                needRestart = true;
-            }
-            if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Mesh) {
-                this.startRotation = new ConstantValue(0);
-            }
-            switch (renderMode) {
-                case RenderMode.Trail:
-                    this.rendererEmitterSettings = {startLength: new ConstantValue(30), followLocalOrigin: false};
-                    needRestart = true;
-                    break;
-                case RenderMode.Mesh:
-                    this.rendererEmitterSettings = {};
-                    this.startRotation = new AxisAngleGenerator(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new ConstantValue(0));
-                    break;
-                case RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard:
-                    this.rendererEmitterSettings = {speedFactor: 0, lengthFactor: 2};
-                    break;
-                case RenderMode.BillBoard:
-                case RenderMode.VerticalBillBoard:
-                case RenderMode.HorizontalBillBoard:
-                    this.rendererEmitterSettings = {};
-                    break;
-            }
-            this.rendererSettings.renderMode = renderMode;
-            if (needRestart) {
-                this.restart();
-                this.particles.length = 0;
-            }
-            this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    get renderOrder(): number {
-        return this.rendererSettings.renderOrder;
-    }
-
-    set renderOrder(renderOrder: number) {
-        this.rendererSettings.renderOrder = renderOrder;
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    constructor(parameters: ParticleSystemParameters) {
-        this.layerMaskProxy = {mask: parameters.layerMask ?? 0x0FFFFFFF};
-        Object.defineProperty(this.layerMaskProxy, 'mask', {
-            enumerable: true,
-            get: () => this.rendererSettings.layerMask,
-            set: (mask: number) => {
-                this.rendererSettings.layerMask = mask;
-                this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-            },
-        });
-
-        this.autoDestroy = parameters.autoDestroy ?? false;
-        this.duration = parameters.duration ?? 1;
-        this.looping = parameters.looping ?? true;
-        this.prewarm = parameters.prewarm ?? false;
-        this.startLife = parameters.startLife ?? new ConstantValue(5);
-        this.startSpeed = parameters.startSpeed ?? new ConstantValue(0);
-        this.startRotation = parameters.startRotation ?? new ConstantValue(0);
-        this.startSize = parameters.startSize ?? new ConstantValue(1);
-        this.startColor = parameters.startColor ?? new ConstantColor(new Vector4(1, 1, 1, 1));
-        this.emissionOverTime = parameters.emissionOverTime ?? new ConstantValue(10);
-        this.emissionOverDistance = parameters.emissionOverDistance ?? new ConstantValue(0);
-        this.emissionBursts = parameters.emissionBursts ?? [];
-        this.onlyUsedByOther = parameters.onlyUsedByOther ?? false;
-        this.emitterShape = parameters.shape ?? new SphereEmitter();
-        this.behaviors = parameters.behaviors ?? [];
-        this.worldSpace = parameters.worldSpace ?? false;
-        this.rendererEmitterSettings = parameters.rendererEmitterSettings ?? {};
-
-        if (parameters.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard) {
-            const settings = this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings;
-            if (parameters.speedFactor !== undefined) {
-                settings.speedFactor = parameters.speedFactor;
-            }
-            settings.speedFactor = settings.speedFactor ?? 0;
-            settings.lengthFactor = settings.lengthFactor ?? 0;
-        }
-
-        this.rendererSettings = {
-            instancingGeometry: parameters.instancingGeometry ?? DEFAULT_POSITIONS,
-            instancingIndices: parameters.instancingIndices ?? DEFAULT_INDICES,
-            instancingUVs: parameters.instancingUVs ?? DEFAULT_UVS,
-            instancingNormals: parameters.instancingNormals,
-            renderMode: parameters.renderMode ?? RenderMode.BillBoard,
-            renderOrder: parameters.renderOrder ?? 0,
-            uTileCount: parameters.uTileCount ?? 1,
-            vTileCount: parameters.vTileCount ?? 1,
-            blendTiles: parameters.blendTiles ?? false,
-            softParticles: parameters.softParticles ?? false,
-            softNearFade: parameters.softNearFade ?? 0,
-            softFarFade: parameters.softFarFade ?? 0,
-            materialBlendMode: parameters.blendMode ?? Constants.ALPHA_ADD,
-            materialTransparent: parameters.transparent ?? true,
-            materialDepthTest: parameters.depthTest ?? true,
-            materialDepthWrite: parameters.depthWrite ?? false,
-            materialAlphaTest: parameters.alphaTest ?? 0,
-            texture: parameters.texture ?? null,
-            layerMask: parameters.layerMask ?? 0x0FFFFFFF,
-        };
-        if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Mesh && !this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals) {
-            this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals = ParticleSystem.createFallbackNormals(this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry);
-        }
-
-        this.materialRef = parameters.material ?? null;
-        this.applyMaterialSettings(this.materialRef, {
-            blendMode: parameters.blendMode,
-            transparent: parameters.transparent,
-            depthTest: parameters.depthTest,
-            depthWrite: parameters.depthWrite,
-            alphaTest: parameters.alphaTest,
-            texture: parameters.texture,
-            layerMask: parameters.layerMask,
-        });
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-
-        this.particles = [];
-        this.startTileIndex = parameters.startTileIndex || new ConstantValue(0);
-        this.emitter = new ParticleEmitter(this, parameters.scene);
-
-        this.paused = false;
-        this.particleNum = 0;
-        this.emissionState = {
-            isBursting: false,
-            burstParticleIndex: 0,
-            burstParticleCount: 0,
-            burstIndex: 0,
-            burstWaveIndex: 0,
-            time: 0,
-            waitEmiting: 0,
-            travelDistance: 0,
-        };
-
-        this.emissionBursts.forEach((burst) => burst.count.startGen(this.memory));
-        this.emissionOverDistance.startGen(this.memory);
-        this.refreshTrailHistoryMode();
-
-        this.emitEnded = false;
-        this.markForDestroy = false;
-        this.prewarmed = false;
-    }
-
-    private applyMaterialSettings(
-        material: any,
-        overrides: {
-            blendMode?: number;
-            transparent?: boolean;
-            depthTest?: boolean;
-            depthWrite?: boolean;
-            alphaTest?: number;
-            texture?: Texture | null;
-            layerMask?: number;
-        } = {}
-    ) {
-        /* istanbul ignore if -- rendererSettings is always assigned in the constructor before any code path can call this private method */
-        if (!this.rendererSettings) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const resolvedTexture =
-            overrides.texture !== undefined
-                ? overrides.texture
-                : (material?.albedoTexture ??
-                    material?.diffuseTexture ??
-                    material?.emissiveTexture ??
-                    material?.opacityTexture ??
-                    material?.baseTexture ??
-                    this.rendererSettings.texture ??
-                    null);
-        const resolvedBlendMode =
-            overrides.blendMode ??
-            (typeof material?.alphaMode === 'number' ? material.alphaMode : this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode);
-        const resolvedTransparent =
-            overrides.transparent ??
-            (typeof material?.needAlphaBlending === 'function'
-                ? material.needAlphaBlending()
-                : typeof material?.alpha === 'number'
-                    ? material.alpha < 1
-                    : this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent);
-        const resolvedDepthTest =
-            overrides.depthTest ??
-            (typeof material?.disableDepthTest === 'boolean'
-                ? !material.disableDepthTest
-                : this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest);
-        const resolvedDepthWrite =
-            overrides.depthWrite ??
-            (typeof material?.disableDepthWrite === 'boolean'
-                ? !material.disableDepthWrite
-                : typeof material?.forceDepthWrite === 'boolean'
-                    ? material.forceDepthWrite
-                    : this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite);
-        const resolvedAlphaTest =
-            overrides.alphaTest ??
-            (typeof material?.alphaCutOff === 'number'
-                ? material.alphaCutOff
-                : typeof material?.alphaCutOffValue === 'number'
-                    ? material.alphaCutOffValue
-                    : this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest);
-
-        this.rendererSettings.texture = resolvedTexture;
-        this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode = resolvedBlendMode;
-        this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent = resolvedTransparent;
-        this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest = resolvedDepthTest;
-        this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite = resolvedDepthWrite;
-        this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest = resolvedAlphaTest;
-        if (overrides.layerMask !== undefined) {
-            this.rendererSettings.layerMask = overrides.layerMask;
-        }
-        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
-    }
-
-    pause() { this.paused = true; }
-    play() { this.paused = false; }
-    stop() { this.restart(); this.pause(); }
-
-    private refreshTrailHistoryMode() {
-        this.useFastTrailHistory = !this.behaviors.some((behavior) => (behavior as any).type === 'WidthOverLength');
-    }
-
-    private ensureTrailHistoryCapacity(particle: TrailParticle, capacity: number) {
-        const trailAny = particle as any;
-        if (trailAny._trailHistoryCapacity === capacity && trailAny._trailHistoryPositions) {
-            return;
-        }
-        trailAny._trailHistoryCapacity = capacity;
-        trailAny._trailHistoryPositions = new Float32Array(capacity * 3);
-        trailAny._trailHistorySizes = new Float32Array(capacity);
-        trailAny._trailHistoryColors = new Float32Array(capacity * 4);
-        trailAny._trailHistoryHead = 0;
-        trailAny._trailHistoryCount = 0;
-    }
-
-    private resetTrailHistory(particle: TrailParticle) {
-        const trailAny = particle as any;
-        trailAny._trailHistoryHead = 0;
-        trailAny._trailHistoryCount = 0;
-    }
-
-    private getTrailHistoryCount(particle: TrailParticle): number {
-        const trailAny = particle as any;
-        const fastHistoryCount = trailAny._trailHistoryCount;
-        if (typeof fastHistoryCount === 'number') {
-            return fastHistoryCount;
-        }
-        return particle.previous.length;
-    }
-
-    private updateFastTrailHistory(particle: TrailParticle) {
-        const trailAny = particle as any;
-        const capacity = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(particle.length));
-        this.ensureTrailHistoryCapacity(particle, capacity);
-        let head = trailAny._trailHistoryHead as number;
-        let count = trailAny._trailHistoryCount as number;
-        const positions = trailAny._trailHistoryPositions as Float32Array;
-        const sizes = trailAny._trailHistorySizes as Float32Array;
-        const colors = trailAny._trailHistoryColors as Float32Array;
-
-        if (particle.age <= particle.life) {
-            const posIndex = head * 3;
-            positions[posIndex] = particle.position.x;
-            positions[posIndex + 1] = particle.position.y;
-            positions[posIndex + 2] = particle.position.z;
-            sizes[head] = particle.size.x;
-            const colorIndex = head * 4;
-            colors[colorIndex] = particle.color.x;
-            colors[colorIndex + 1] = particle.color.y;
-            colors[colorIndex + 2] = particle.color.z;
-            colors[colorIndex + 3] = particle.color.w;
-            head = (head + 1) % capacity;
-            if (count < capacity) {
-                count++;
-            }
-        } else if (count > 0) {
-            count--;
-        }
-
-        trailAny._trailHistoryHead = head;
-        trailAny._trailHistoryCount = count;
-    }
-
-    setQualityFactor(qualityFactor: number) {
-        this.qualityFactor = Math.max(0.1, Math.min(1, qualityFactor));
-    }
-
-    private spawn(count: number, emissionState: EmissionState, matrix: Matrix4) {
-        tempQ.setFromRotationMatrix(matrix);
-        const translation = tempV;
-        const scale = tempV2;
-        matrix.decompose(translation, tempQ, scale);
-        const behaviors = this.behaviors;
-        const behaviorCount = behaviors.length;
-        const renderMode = this.rendererSettings.renderMode;
-        const isTrailMode = renderMode === RenderMode.Trail;
-        const timeRatio = emissionState.time / this.duration;
-        const trailSettings = isTrailMode ? (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings) : undefined;
-        const followLocalOrigin = Boolean(trailSettings?.followLocalOrigin);
-
-        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            emissionState.burstParticleIndex = i;
-            this.particleNum++;
-            if (this.particles.length < this.particleNum) {
-                if (isTrailMode) {
-                    this.particles.push(new TrailParticle());
-                } else {
-                    this.particles.push(new SpriteParticle());
-                }
-            }
-            const particle = this.particles[this.particleNum - 1];
-            particle.reset();
-            particle.speedModifier = 1;
-            this.startColor.startGen(particle.memory);
-            this.startColor.genColor(particle.memory, particle.startColor, this.emissionState.time);
-            particle.color.copy(particle.startColor);
-            this.startSpeed.startGen(particle.memory);
-            particle.startSpeed = this.startSpeed.genValue(particle.memory, timeRatio);
-            this.startLife.startGen(particle.memory);
-            particle.life = this.startLife.genValue(particle.memory, timeRatio);
-            particle.age = 0;
-            this.startSize.startGen(particle.memory);
-            if (this.startSize.type === 'vec3function') {
-                (this.startSize as Vector3Generator).genValue(particle.memory, particle.startSize, timeRatio);
-            } else {
-                const size = (this.startSize as FunctionValueGenerator).genValue(particle.memory, timeRatio);
-                particle.startSize.set(size, size, size);
-            }
-            this.startTileIndex.startGen(particle.memory);
-            particle.uvTile = this.startTileIndex.genValue(particle.memory);
-            particle.size.copy(particle.startSize);
-
-            if (
-                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Mesh ||
-                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.BillBoard ||
-                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.VerticalBillBoard ||
-                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.HorizontalBillBoard ||
-                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard
-            ) {
-                const sprite = particle as SpriteParticle;
-                this.startRotation.startGen(particle.memory);
-                if (renderMode === RenderMode.Mesh) {
-                    if (!(sprite.rotation instanceof Quaternion)) {
-                        sprite.rotation = new Quaternion();
-                    }
-                    if (this.startRotation.type === 'rotation') {
-                        this.startRotation.genValue(particle.memory, sprite.rotation as Quaternion, 1, timeRatio);
-                    } else {
-                        (sprite.rotation as Quaternion).setFromAxisAngle(UP, this.startRotation.genValue(sprite.memory, timeRatio));
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if (this.startRotation.type === 'rotation') {
-                        sprite.rotation = 0;
-                    } else {
-                        sprite.rotation = this.startRotation.genValue(sprite.memory, timeRatio);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if (isTrailMode && trailSettings) {
-                const trail = particle as TrailParticle;
-                trailSettings.startLength.startGen(trail.memory);
-                trail.length = trailSettings.startLength.genValue(trail.memory, timeRatio);
-                if (this.useFastTrailHistory) {
-                    this.ensureTrailHistoryCapacity(trail, Math.max(1, Math.ceil(trail.length)));
-                    this.resetTrailHistory(trail);
-                }
-            }
-
-            this.emitterShape.initialize(particle, emissionState);
-
-            if (isTrailMode && followLocalOrigin) {
-                const trail = particle as TrailParticle;
-                if (!trail.localPosition) {
-                    trail.localPosition = new Vector3();
-                }
-                trail.localPosition.copy(trail.position);
-            }
-
-            if (this.worldSpace) {
-                particle.position.applyMatrix4(matrix);
-                particle.startSize.multiply(scale).abs();
-                particle.size.copy(particle.startSize);
-                particle.velocity.multiply(scale).applyMatrix3(this.normalMatrix);
-                if (particle.rotation && particle.rotation instanceof Quaternion) {
-                    particle.rotation.multiplyQuaternions(tempQ, particle.rotation);
-                }
-            } else {
-                if (this.onlyUsedByOther) {
-                    particle.parentMatrix = matrix;
-                }
-            }
-
-            for (let j = 0; j < behaviorCount; j++) {
-                behaviors[j].initialize(particle, this);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    endEmit() {
-        this.emitEnded = true;
-        if (this.autoDestroy) {
-            this.markForDestroy = true;
-        }
-        this.fire({type: 'emitEnd', particleSystem: this});
-    }
-
-    dispose() {
-        if (this._renderer) this._renderer.deleteSystem(this);
-        this.emitter.dispose();
-        this.fire({type: 'destroy', particleSystem: this});
-    }
-
-    restart() {
-        this.memory.length = 0;
-        this.paused = false;
-        this.particleNum = 0;
-        this.emissionState.isBursting = false;
-        this.emissionState.burstIndex = 0;
-        this.emissionState.burstWaveIndex = 0;
-        this.emissionState.time = 0;
-        this.emissionState.waitEmiting = 0;
-        this.behaviors.forEach((behavior) => behavior.reset());
-        this.emitEnded = false;
-        this.markForDestroy = false;
-        this.prewarmed = false;
-        this.emissionBursts.forEach((burst) => burst.count.startGen(this.memory));
-        this.emissionOverDistance.startGen(this.memory);
-    }
-
-    private firstTimeUpdate = true;
-
-    /** @internal */
-    update(delta: number) {
-        if (this.paused) return;
-
-        if (this.firstTimeUpdate) {
-            this.firstTimeUpdate = false;
-            this.emitter.computeWorldMatrix(true);
-        }
-
-        if (this.emitEnded && this.particleNum === 0) {
-            if (this.markForDestroy) this.dispose();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (this.looping && this.prewarm && !this.prewarmed) {
-            this.prewarmed = true;
-            for (let i = 0; i < this.duration * PREWARM_FPS; i++) {
-                this.update(1.0 / PREWARM_FPS);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (delta > 0.1) {
-            delta = 0.1;
-        }
-
-        if (this.neededToUpdateRender) {
-            if (this._renderer) this._renderer.updateSystem(this);
-            this.neededToUpdateRender = false;
-        }
-
-        if (!this.onlyUsedByOther) {
-            this.emit(delta, this.emissionState, this.emitter.matrixWorld);
-        }
-
-        const particles = this.particles;
-        const behaviorCount = this.behaviors.length;
-        const particleCount = this.particleNum;
-        this.emitterShape.update(this, delta);
-        for (let j = 0; j < behaviorCount; j++) {
-            const behavior = this.behaviors[j];
-            behavior.frameUpdate(delta);
-            for (let i = 0; i < particleCount; i++) {
-                const particle = particles[i];
-                if (!particle.died) {
-                    behavior.update(particle, delta);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        const followLocalOrigin =
-            this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail &&
-            (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).followLocalOrigin;
-        const emitterMatrix = this.emitter.matrixWorld;
-        for (let i = 0; i < particleCount; i++) {
-            const particle = particles[i];
-            if (followLocalOrigin && (particle as TrailParticle).localPosition) {
-                particle.position.copy((particle as TrailParticle).localPosition!);
-                if (particle.parentMatrix) {
-                    particle.position.applyMatrix4(particle.parentMatrix);
-                } else {
-                    particle.position.applyMatrix4(emitterMatrix);
-                }
-            } else {
-                particle.position.addScaledVector(particle.velocity, delta * particle.speedModifier);
-            }
-            particle.age += delta;
-        }
-
-        if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
-            for (let i = 0; i < particleCount; i++) {
-                const trailParticle = particles[i] as TrailParticle;
-                if (this.useFastTrailHistory) {
-                    this.updateFastTrailHistory(trailParticle);
-                } else {
-                    trailParticle.update();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        let liveParticleCount = this.particleNum;
-        for (let i = 0; i < liveParticleCount; i++) {
-            const particle = particles[i];
-            if (
-                particle.died &&
-                (!(particle instanceof TrailParticle) || this.getTrailHistoryCount(particle as TrailParticle) === 0)
-            ) {
-                particles[i] = particles[liveParticleCount - 1];
-                particles[liveParticleCount - 1] = particle;
-                liveParticleCount--;
-                i--;
-                this.fire({type: 'particleDied', particleSystem: this, particle: particle});
-            }
-        }
-        this.particleNum = liveParticleCount;
-    }
-
-    emit(delta: number, emissionState: EmissionState, emitterMatrix: Matrix4) {
-        if (emissionState.time > this.duration) {
-            if (this.looping) {
-                emissionState.time -= this.duration;
-                emissionState.burstIndex = 0;
-                this.behaviors.forEach((behavior) => behavior.reset());
-            } else {
-                if (!this.emitEnded && !this.onlyUsedByOther) {
-                    this.endEmit();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        this.normalMatrix.getNormalMatrix(emitterMatrix);
-        const emissionBursts = this.emissionBursts;
-        const emissionBurstCount = emissionBursts.length;
-        const qualityFactor = this.qualityFactor;
-
-        const totalSpawn = Math.ceil(emissionState.waitEmiting);
-        this.spawn(totalSpawn, emissionState, emitterMatrix);
-        emissionState.waitEmiting -= totalSpawn;
-
-        while (
-            emissionState.burstIndex < emissionBurstCount &&
-            emissionBursts[emissionState.burstIndex].time <= emissionState.time
-        ) {
-            const burst = emissionBursts[emissionState.burstIndex];
-            if (Math.random() < burst.probability) {
-                const rawCount = burst.count.genValue(this.memory, this.time);
-                const count = qualityFactor >= 0.999 ? rawCount : Math.floor(rawCount * qualityFactor);
-                emissionState.isBursting = true;
-                emissionState.burstParticleCount = count;
-                this.spawn(count, emissionState, emitterMatrix);
-                emissionState.isBursting = false;
-            }
-            emissionState.burstIndex++;
-        }
-
-        if (!this.emitEnded) {
-            const timeRatio = emissionState.time / this.duration;
-            emissionState.waitEmiting += delta * this.emissionOverTime.genValue(this.memory, timeRatio) * qualityFactor;
-
-            const previousWorldPos = emissionState.previousWorldPos;
-            if (previousWorldPos !== undefined) {
-                this.temp.set(emitterMatrix.elements[12], emitterMatrix.elements[13], emitterMatrix.elements[14]);
-                emissionState.travelDistance += previousWorldPos.distanceTo(this.temp);
-                const emitPerMeter = this.emissionOverDistance.genValue(this.memory, timeRatio) * qualityFactor;
-                if (emissionState.travelDistance * emitPerMeter > 0) {
-                    const count = Math.floor(emissionState.travelDistance * emitPerMeter);
-                    emissionState.travelDistance -= count / emitPerMeter;
-                    emissionState.waitEmiting += count;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (emissionState.previousWorldPos === undefined) emissionState.previousWorldPos = new Vector3();
-        emissionState.previousWorldPos.set(emitterMatrix.elements[12], emitterMatrix.elements[13], emitterMatrix.elements[14]);
-        emissionState.time += delta;
-    }
-
-    toJSON(metaData?: BabylonMetaData | string, _options: SerializationOptions = {}): ParticleSystemJSONParameters {
-        const isRootObject = metaData === undefined || typeof metaData === 'string';
-        const meta: BabylonMetaData = isRootObject
-            ? {
-                geometries: {},
-                materials: {},
-                textures: {},
-                images: {},
-                shapes: {},
-                skeletons: {},
-                animations: {},
-                nodes: {},
-            }
-            : metaData;
-
-        const geometryUUID = this.ensureGeometryMeta(meta);
-        const materialUUID = this.ensureMaterialMeta(meta);
-        const rendererEmitterSettingsJSON = this.toRendererSettingsJSON();
-
-        return {
-            version: '3.0',
-            autoDestroy: this.autoDestroy,
-            looping: this.looping,
-            prewarm: this.prewarm,
-            duration: this.duration,
-            shape: this.emitterShape.toJSON(),
-            startLife: this.startLife.toJSON(),
-            startSpeed: this.startSpeed.toJSON(),
-            startRotation: this.startRotation.toJSON(),
-            startSize: this.startSize.toJSON(),
-            startColor: this.startColor.toJSON(),
-            emissionOverTime: this.emissionOverTime.toJSON(),
-            emissionOverDistance: this.emissionOverDistance.toJSON(),
-            emissionBursts: this.emissionBursts.map((burst) => ({
-                time: burst.time,
-                count: burst.count.toJSON(),
-                probability: burst.probability,
-                interval: burst.interval,
-                cycle: burst.cycle,
-            })),
-            onlyUsedByOther: this.onlyUsedByOther,
-            instancingGeometry: geometryUUID,
-            renderMode: this.renderMode,
-            renderOrder: this.renderOrder,
-            rendererEmitterSettings: rendererEmitterSettingsJSON,
-            material: materialUUID,
-            layers: this.rendererSettings.layerMask,
-            startTileIndex: this.startTileIndex.toJSON(),
-            uTileCount: this.rendererSettings.uTileCount,
-            vTileCount: this.rendererSettings.vTileCount,
-            blendTiles: this.rendererSettings.blendTiles,
-            softParticles: this.rendererSettings.softParticles,
-            softFarFade: this.rendererSettings.softFarFade,
-            softNearFade: this.rendererSettings.softNearFade,
-            blending: this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode,
-            transparent: this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent,
-            depthTest: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest,
-            depthWrite: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite,
-            alphaTest: this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest,
-            behaviors: this.behaviors.map((b) => b.toJSON()),
-            worldSpace: this.worldSpace,
-        };
-    }
-
-    static fromJSON(
-        json: ParticleSystemJSONParameters,
-        meta: BabylonMetaData,
-        dependencies: {[uuid: string]: Behavior} = {},
-        scene?: Scene
-    ): ParticleSystem {
-        const shape = EmitterFromJSON(json.shape, meta as any);
-        let rendererEmitterSettings: RendererEmitterSettings;
-        if (json.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
-            const trailSettings = json.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings;
-            rendererEmitterSettings = {
-                startLength:
-                    trailSettings?.startLength !== undefined
-                        ? ValueGeneratorFromJSON(trailSettings.startLength)
-                        : new ConstantValue(30),
-                followLocalOrigin: trailSettings?.followLocalOrigin ?? false,
-            };
-        } else if (json.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard) {
-            rendererEmitterSettings = {...(json.rendererEmitterSettings ?? {})};
-            if (json.speedFactor !== undefined) {
-                (rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).speedFactor = json.speedFactor;
-            }
-        } else {
-            rendererEmitterSettings = {};
-        }
-
-        const materialMeta = json.material ? meta.materials?.[json.material] : undefined;
-        const materialTextureRef = materialMeta?.texture ?? json.texture;
-        const texture =
-            typeof materialTextureRef === 'string'
-                ? meta.textures?.[materialTextureRef] ?? null
-                : materialTextureRef ?? null;
-        const resolvedGeometryEntry =
-            typeof json.instancingGeometry === 'string'
-                ? meta.geometries?.[json.instancingGeometry]
-                : json.instancingGeometry;
-        const resolvedGeometry = ParticleSystem.resolveGeometryData(resolvedGeometryEntry);
-
-        const ps = new ParticleSystem({
-            scene,
-            autoDestroy: json.autoDestroy,
-            looping: json.looping,
-            prewarm: json.prewarm,
-            duration: json.duration,
-            shape,
-            startLife: ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.startLife),
-            startSpeed: ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.startSpeed),
-            startRotation: GeneratorFromJSON(json.startRotation) as RotationGenerator | ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator,
-            startSize: GeneratorFromJSON(json.startSize) as Vector3Generator | ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator,
-            startColor: ColorGeneratorFromJSON(json.startColor) as ColorGenerator,
-            emissionOverTime: ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.emissionOverTime),
-            emissionOverDistance: ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.emissionOverDistance),
-            emissionBursts: json.emissionBursts?.map((burst: any) => ({
-                time: burst.time,
-                count: typeof burst.count === 'number' ? new ConstantValue(burst.count) : ValueGeneratorFromJSON(burst.count),
-                probability: burst.probability ?? 1,
-                interval: burst.interval ?? 0.1,
-                cycle: burst.cycle ?? burst.cycleCount ?? 1,
-            })),
-            onlyUsedByOther: json.onlyUsedByOther,
-            instancingGeometry: resolvedGeometry.positions,
-            instancingIndices: resolvedGeometry.indices,
-            instancingUVs: resolvedGeometry.uvs,
-            instancingNormals: resolvedGeometry.normals,
-            renderMode: json.renderMode,
-            rendererEmitterSettings,
-            renderOrder: json.renderOrder,
-            texture,
-            material: materialMeta?.sourceMaterial,
-            blendMode: materialMeta?.alphaMode ?? json.blending ?? Constants.ALPHA_ADD,
-            transparent: materialMeta?.transparent ?? json.transparent ?? true,
-            depthTest: materialMeta?.depthTest ?? json.depthTest ?? true,
-            depthWrite: materialMeta?.depthWrite ?? json.depthWrite ?? false,
-            alphaTest: materialMeta?.alphaTest ?? json.alphaTest ?? 0,
-            startTileIndex:
-                typeof json.startTileIndex === 'number'
-                    ? new ConstantValue(json.startTileIndex)
-                    : (ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.startTileIndex) as ValueGenerator),
-            uTileCount: json.uTileCount,
-            vTileCount: json.vTileCount,
-            blendTiles: json.blendTiles,
-            softParticles: json.softParticles,
-            softFarFade: json.softFarFade,
-            softNearFade: json.softNearFade,
-            behaviors: [],
-            worldSpace: json.worldSpace,
-            layerMask: json.layers,
-        });
-        ps.behaviors = (json.behaviors ?? [])
-            .map((behaviorJson) => {
-                const behavior = BehaviorFromJSON(behaviorJson, ps);
-                if (behavior && behavior.type === 'EmitSubParticleSystem') {
-                    dependencies[(behaviorJson as any).subParticleSystem] = behavior;
-                }
-                return behavior;
-            })
-            .filter((behavior) => behavior !== null) as Behavior[];
-        return ps;
-    }
-
-    private static nextSerializationId(prefix: string): string {
-        ParticleSystem.serializationCounter += 1;
-        return `${prefix}_${ParticleSystem.serializationCounter}`;
-    }
-
-    private static createFallbackNormals(positions: Float32Array): Float32Array {
-        const normals = new Float32Array(positions.length);
-        for (let i = 0; i < normals.length; i += 3) {
-            normals[i] = 0;
-            normals[i + 1] = 0;
-            normals[i + 2] = 1;
-        }
-        return normals;
-    }
-
-    private toRendererSettingsJSON(): RendererEmitterSettings {
-        if (this.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
-            return {
-                startLength: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).startLength.toJSON(),
-                followLocalOrigin: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).followLocalOrigin,
-            };
-        }
-        if (this.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard) {
-            return {
-                speedFactor: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).speedFactor,
-                lengthFactor: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).lengthFactor,
-            };
-        }
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    private ensureGeometryMeta(meta: BabylonMetaData): string {
-        const geometryUUID = ParticleSystem.nextSerializationId('quarks_geometry');
-        meta.geometries[geometryUUID] = {
-            uuid: geometryUUID,
-            type: 'QuarksGeometry',
-            positions: Array.from(this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry),
-            indices: Array.from(this.rendererSettings.instancingIndices),
-            uvs: this.rendererSettings.instancingUVs ? Array.from(this.rendererSettings.instancingUVs) : undefined,
-            normals: this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals ? Array.from(this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals) : undefined,
-        };
-        return geometryUUID;
-    }
-
-    private ensureMaterialMeta(meta: BabylonMetaData): string {
-        const texture = this.rendererSettings.texture;
-        let textureUUID: string | undefined;
-        if (texture) {
-            textureUUID = ParticleSystem.nextSerializationId('quarks_texture');
-            meta.textures[textureUUID] = texture;
-        }
-
-        const materialUUID = ParticleSystem.nextSerializationId('quarks_material');
-        meta.materials[materialUUID] = {
-            uuid: materialUUID,
-            type: 'QuarksMaterial',
-            transparent: this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent,
-            alphaMode: this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode,
-            depthTest: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest,
-            depthWrite: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite,
-            alphaTest: this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest,
-            texture: textureUUID,
-            sourceMaterial: this.materialRef ?? undefined,
-        };
-        return materialUUID;
-    }
-
-    private static resolveGeometryData(entry: any): {
-        positions: Float32Array;
-        indices: Uint32Array | Uint16Array;
-        uvs?: Float32Array;
-        normals?: Float32Array;
-    } {
-        if (entry?.positions) {
-            const positions =
-                entry.positions instanceof Float32Array ? entry.positions : new Float32Array(entry.positions);
-            const rawIndices =
-                entry.indices instanceof Uint16Array || entry.indices instanceof Uint32Array
-                    ? entry.indices
-                    : entry.indices
-                      ? new Uint32Array(entry.indices)
-                      : undefined;
-            return {
-                positions,
-                indices: ensureTriangleIndices(positions, rawIndices),
-                uvs: entry.uvs
-                    ? entry.uvs instanceof Float32Array
-                        ? entry.uvs
-                        : new Float32Array(entry.uvs)
-                    : undefined,
-                normals: entry.normals
-                    ? entry.normals instanceof Float32Array
-                        ? entry.normals
-                        : new Float32Array(entry.normals)
-                    : undefined,
-            };
-        }
-
-        const data = entry?.data ?? entry;
-        if (data?.attributes?.position?.array) {
-            const positions = new Float32Array(data.attributes.position.array);
-            let indices: Uint32Array | Uint16Array | undefined;
-            if (data.index?.array) {
-                const indexType = data.index.type === 'Uint16Array' ? Uint16Array : Uint32Array;
-                indices = new indexType(data.index.array);
-            }
-            return {
-                positions,
-                indices: ensureTriangleIndices(positions, indices),
-                uvs: data.attributes.uv?.array ? new Float32Array(data.attributes.uv.array) : undefined,
-                normals: data.attributes.normal?.array ? new Float32Array(data.attributes.normal.array) : undefined,
-            };
-        }
-
-        return {
-            positions: DEFAULT_POSITIONS,
-            indices: DEFAULT_INDICES,
-            uvs: DEFAULT_UVS,
-        };
-    }
-
-    addBehavior(behavior: Behavior) {
-        this.behaviors.push(behavior);
-        this.refreshTrailHistoryMode();
-    }
-
-    getRendererSettings(): VFXBatchSettings {
-        return this.rendererSettings;
-    }
-
-    addEventListener(event: ParticleSystemEventType, callback: (event: ParticleSystemEvent) => void): void {
-        if (!this.listeners[event]) this.listeners[event] = [];
-        this.listeners[event].push(callback);
-    }
-
-    removeAllEventListeners(event: ParticleSystemEventType): void {
-        if (this.listeners[event]) this.listeners[event] = [];
-    }
-
-    removeEventListener(event: ParticleSystemEventType, callback: (event: ParticleSystemEvent) => void): void {
-        if (this.listeners[event]) {
-            const index = this.listeners[event].indexOf(callback);
-            if (index !== -1) this.listeners[event].splice(index, 1);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fire(event: ParticleSystemEvent) {
-        if (this.listeners[event.type]) {
-            this.listeners[event.type].forEach((callback) => callback(event));
-        }
-    }
-
-    clone(): ParticleSystem {
-        const newBehaviors: Array<Behavior> = this.behaviors.map((b) => b.clone());
-        let rendererEmitterSettings: RendererEmitterSettings;
-
-        if (this.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
-            rendererEmitterSettings = {
-                startLength: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).startLength.clone(),
-                followLocalOrigin: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).followLocalOrigin,
-            };
-        } else if (this.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard) {
-            rendererEmitterSettings = {
-                lengthFactor: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).lengthFactor,
-                speedFactor: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).speedFactor,
-            };
-        } else {
-            rendererEmitterSettings = {};
-        }
-
-        return new ParticleSystem({
-            autoDestroy: this.autoDestroy,
-            looping: this.looping,
-            prewarm: this.prewarm,
-            duration: this.duration,
-            shape: this.emitterShape.clone(),
-            startLife: this.startLife.clone(),
-            startSpeed: this.startSpeed.clone(),
-            startRotation: this.startRotation.clone(),
-            startSize: this.startSize.clone(),
-            startColor: this.startColor.clone(),
-            emissionOverTime: this.emissionOverTime.clone(),
-            emissionOverDistance: this.emissionOverDistance.clone(),
-            emissionBursts: this.emissionBursts.map((b) => ({...b})),
-            onlyUsedByOther: this.onlyUsedByOther,
-            instancingGeometry: this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry,
-            instancingIndices: this.rendererSettings.instancingIndices,
-            instancingUVs: this.rendererSettings.instancingUVs,
-            instancingNormals: this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals,
-            renderMode: this.renderMode,
-            renderOrder: this.renderOrder,
-            rendererEmitterSettings,
-            material: this.materialRef,
-            texture: this.rendererSettings.texture,
-            startTileIndex: this.startTileIndex,
-            uTileCount: this.rendererSettings.uTileCount,
-            vTileCount: this.rendererSettings.vTileCount,
-            blendTiles: this.rendererSettings.blendTiles,
-            softParticles: this.rendererSettings.softParticles,
-            softFarFade: this.rendererSettings.softFarFade,
-            softNearFade: this.rendererSettings.softNearFade,
-            behaviors: newBehaviors,
-            worldSpace: this.worldSpace,
-            blendMode: this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode,
-            transparent: this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent,
-            depthTest: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest,
-            depthWrite: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite,
-            alphaTest: this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest,
-            layerMask: this.rendererSettings.layerMask,
-            scene: this.emitter.getScene(),
-        });
-    }
-}
+import {Scene} from '@babylonjs/core/scene';
+import {Texture} from '@babylonjs/core/Materials/Textures/texture';
+import {Constants} from '@babylonjs/core/Engines/constants';
+import {
+    AxisAngleGenerator,
+    ColorGenerator,
+    ColorGeneratorFromJSON,
+    ConstantColor,
+    ConstantValue,
+    FunctionColorGenerator,
+    FunctionJSON,
+    FunctionValueGenerator,
+    GeneratorFromJSON,
+    ValueGenerator,
+    ValueGeneratorFromJSON,
+    Behavior,
+    BehaviorFromJSON,
+    Particle,
+    SpriteParticle,
+    TrailParticle,
+    EmitterFromJSON,
+    EmitterShape,
+    SphereEmitter,
+    RendererEmitterSettings,
+    RotationGenerator,
+    IParticleSystem,
+    EmissionState,
+    GeneratorMemory,
+    TrailSettings,
+    StretchedBillBoardSettings,
+    SerializationOptions,
+    Vector3,
+    Vector4,
+    Matrix3,
+    Matrix4,
+    Quaternion,
+    Vector3Generator,
+    ParticleSystemEvent,
+    ParticleSystemEventType,
+} from 'quarks.core';
+import {ParticleEmitter} from './ParticleEmitter';
+import {RenderMode} from './VFXBatch';
+import {BatchedRenderer, VFXBatchSettings} from './BatchedRenderer';
+import {ensureTriangleIndices} from './geometryUtil';
+
+export interface BurstParameters {
+    time: number;
+    count: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    cycle: number;
+    interval: number;
+    probability: number;
+}
+
+const UP = new Vector3(0, 0, 1);
+const tempQ = new Quaternion();
+const tempV = new Vector3();
+const tempV2 = new Vector3();
+const PREWARM_FPS = 60;
+
+const DEFAULT_POSITIONS = new Float32Array([
+    -0.5, -0.5, 0,
+     0.5, -0.5, 0,
+     0.5,  0.5, 0,
+    -0.5,  0.5, 0,
+]);
+const DEFAULT_UVS = new Float32Array([0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1]);
+const DEFAULT_INDICES = new Uint32Array([0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3]);
+
+export interface ParticleSystemParameters {
+    autoDestroy?: boolean;
+    looping?: boolean;
+    prewarm?: boolean;
+    duration?: number;
+    startDelay?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    shape?: EmitterShape;
+    startLife?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    startSpeed?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    startRotation?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator | RotationGenerator;
+    startSize?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator | Vector3Generator;
+    startLength?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    startColor?: ColorGenerator | FunctionColorGenerator;
+    emissionOverTime?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    emissionOverDistance?: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    emissionBursts?: Array<BurstParameters>;
+    onlyUsedByOther?: boolean;
+    behaviors?: Array<Behavior>;
+    instancingGeometry?: Float32Array;
+    instancingIndices?: Uint32Array | Uint16Array;
+    instancingUVs?: Float32Array;
+    instancingNormals?: Float32Array;
+    renderMode?: RenderMode;
+    rendererEmitterSettings?: RendererEmitterSettings;
+    speedFactor?: number;
+    material?: any;
+    texture?: Texture | null;
+    startTileIndex?: ValueGenerator;
+    uTileCount?: number;
+    vTileCount?: number;
+    blendTiles?: boolean;
+    softParticles?: boolean;
+    softFarFade?: number;
+    softNearFade?: number;
+    renderOrder?: number;
+    worldSpace?: boolean;
+    blendMode?: number;
+    transparent?: boolean;
+    depthTest?: boolean;
+    depthWrite?: boolean;
+    alphaTest?: number;
+    layerMask?: number;
+    scene?: Scene;
+}
+
+export interface BurstParametersJSON {
+    time: number;
+    count: FunctionJSON | number;
+    cycle: number;
+    interval: number;
+    probability: number;
+}
+
+export interface ParticleSystemJSONParameters {
+    version: string;
+    autoDestroy: boolean;
+    looping: boolean;
+    prewarm: boolean;
+    duration: number;
+    startDelay?: FunctionJSON;
+    shape: any;
+    startLife: FunctionJSON;
+    startSpeed: FunctionJSON;
+    startRotation: FunctionJSON;
+    startSize: FunctionJSON;
+    startColor: FunctionJSON;
+    emissionOverTime: FunctionJSON;
+    emissionOverDistance: FunctionJSON;
+    emissionBursts?: Array<BurstParametersJSON>;
+    onlyUsedByOther: boolean;
+    rendererEmitterSettings: RendererEmitterSettings;
+    instancingGeometry?: any;
+    renderMode: number;
+    renderOrder?: number;
+    speedFactor?: number;
+    texture?: string;
+    material?: string;
+    layers?: number;
+    startTileIndex: FunctionJSON | number;
+    uTileCount: number;
+    vTileCount: number;
+    blendTiles?: boolean;
+    softParticles?: boolean;
+    softFarFade?: number;
+    softNearFade?: number;
+    blending?: number;
+    transparent?: boolean;
+    depthTest?: boolean;
+    depthWrite?: boolean;
+    alphaTest?: number;
+    behaviors: Array<any>;
+    worldSpace: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface BabylonMetaData {
+    textures: {[uuid: string]: Texture | null};
+    materials: {[uuid: string]: any};
+    geometries: {[uuid: string]: any};
+    images?: {[uuid: string]: any};
+    shapes?: {[uuid: string]: any};
+    skeletons?: {[uuid: string]: any};
+    animations?: {[uuid: string]: any};
+    nodes?: {[uuid: string]: any};
+}
+
+export class ParticleSystem implements IParticleSystem {
+    private static serializationCounter = 0;
+
+    autoDestroy: boolean;
+    prewarm: boolean;
+    looping: boolean;
+    duration: number;
+    startDelay: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    startLife: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    startSpeed: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    startRotation: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator | RotationGenerator;
+    startSize: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator | Vector3Generator;
+    startColor: ColorGenerator | FunctionColorGenerator;
+    startTileIndex: ValueGenerator;
+    rendererEmitterSettings: RendererEmitterSettings;
+    emissionOverTime: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    emissionOverDistance: ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator;
+    emissionBursts: Array<BurstParameters>;
+    onlyUsedByOther: boolean;
+    worldSpace: boolean;
+    particleNum: number;
+    paused: boolean;
+    particles: Array<Particle>;
+    emitterShape: EmitterShape;
+    emitter: ParticleEmitter;
+    rendererSettings: VFXBatchSettings;
+    neededToUpdateRender: boolean;
+    behaviors: Array<Behavior>;
+    emissionState: EmissionState;
+    emitterVelocity: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+
+    private prewarmed: boolean;
+    private emitEnded: boolean;
+    private markForDestroy: boolean;
+    private startDelayTimeLeft = 0;
+    private previousEmitterPos?: Vector3;
+    private tempEmitterPos: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+    private temp: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+    private normalMatrix: Matrix3 = new Matrix3();
+    private memory: GeneratorMemory = [];
+    private listeners: {[event: string]: Array<(event: ParticleSystemEvent) => void>} = {};
+    private readonly layerMaskProxy: {mask: number};
+    private materialRef: any = null;
+    private qualityFactor = 1;
+    private useFastTrailHistory = true;
+    /** @internal **/
+    _renderer?: BatchedRenderer;
+
+    set time(time: number) {
+        this.emissionState.time = time;
+    }
+
+    get time(): number {
+        return this.emissionState.time;
+    }
+
+    get layers() {
+        return this.layerMaskProxy;
+    }
+
+    get texture() {
+        return this.rendererSettings.texture;
+    }
+
+    set texture(texture: Texture | null) {
+        this.rendererSettings.texture = texture;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    get material() {
+        return this.materialRef;
+    }
+
+    set material(material: any) {
+        this.materialRef = material;
+        this.applyMaterialSettings(material);
+    }
+
+    get uTileCount() {
+        return this.rendererSettings.uTileCount;
+    }
+
+    set uTileCount(u: number) {
+        this.rendererSettings.uTileCount = u;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    get vTileCount() {
+        return this.rendererSettings.vTileCount;
+    }
+
+    set vTileCount(v: number) {
+        this.rendererSettings.vTileCount = v;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    get blendTiles() {
+        return this.rendererSettings.blendTiles;
+    }
+
+    set blendTiles(v: boolean) {
+        this.rendererSettings.blendTiles = v;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    get softParticles() {
+        return this.rendererSettings.softParticles;
+    }
+
+    set softParticles(v: boolean) {
+        this.rendererSettings.softParticles = v;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    get softNearFade() {
+        return this.rendererSettings.softNearFade;
+    }
+
+    set softNearFade(v: number) {
+        this.rendererSettings.softNearFade = v;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    get softFarFade() {
+        return this.rendererSettings.softFarFade;
+    }
+
+    set softFarFade(v: number) {
+        this.rendererSettings.softFarFade = v;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    get instancingGeometry(): Float32Array {
+        return this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry;
+    }
+
+    set instancingGeometry(geometry: Float32Array) {
+        this.restart();
+        this.particles.length = 0;
+        this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry = geometry;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    get blending() {
+        return this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode;
+    }
+
+    set blending(blending: number) {
+        this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode = blending;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    get renderMode(): RenderMode {
+        return this.rendererSettings.renderMode;
+    }
+
+    set renderMode(renderMode: RenderMode) {
+        if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode !== renderMode) {
+            let needRestart = false;
+            if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
+                needRestart = true;
+            }
+            if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Mesh) {
+                this.startRotation = new ConstantValue(0);
+            }
+            switch (renderMode) {
+                case RenderMode.Trail:
+                    this.rendererEmitterSettings = {startLength: new ConstantValue(30), followLocalOrigin: false};
+                    needRestart = true;
+                    break;
+                case RenderMode.Mesh:
+                    this.rendererEmitterSettings = {};
+                    this.startRotation = new AxisAngleGenerator(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new ConstantValue(0));
+                    break;
+                case RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard:
+                    this.rendererEmitterSettings = {speedFactor: 0, lengthFactor: 2};
+                    break;
+                case RenderMode.BillBoard:
+                case RenderMode.VerticalBillBoard:
+                case RenderMode.HorizontalBillBoard:
+                    this.rendererEmitterSettings = {};
+                    break;
+            }
+            this.rendererSettings.renderMode = renderMode;
+            if (needRestart) {
+                this.restart();
+                this.particles.length = 0;
+            }
+            this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    get renderOrder(): number {
+        return this.rendererSettings.renderOrder;
+    }
+
+    set renderOrder(renderOrder: number) {
+        this.rendererSettings.renderOrder = renderOrder;
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    constructor(parameters: ParticleSystemParameters) {
+        this.layerMaskProxy = {mask: parameters.layerMask ?? 0x0FFFFFFF};
+        Object.defineProperty(this.layerMaskProxy, 'mask', {
+            enumerable: true,
+            get: () => this.rendererSettings.layerMask,
+            set: (mask: number) => {
+                this.rendererSettings.layerMask = mask;
+                this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+            },
+        });
+
+        this.autoDestroy = parameters.autoDestroy ?? false;
+        this.duration = parameters.duration ?? 1;
+        this.startDelay = parameters.startDelay ?? new ConstantValue(0);
+        this.looping = parameters.looping ?? true;
+        this.prewarm = parameters.prewarm ?? false;
+        this.startLife = parameters.startLife ?? new ConstantValue(5);
+        this.startSpeed = parameters.startSpeed ?? new ConstantValue(0);
+        this.startRotation = parameters.startRotation ?? new ConstantValue(0);
+        this.startSize = parameters.startSize ?? new ConstantValue(1);
+        this.startColor = parameters.startColor ?? new ConstantColor(new Vector4(1, 1, 1, 1));
+        this.emissionOverTime = parameters.emissionOverTime ?? new ConstantValue(10);
+        this.emissionOverDistance = parameters.emissionOverDistance ?? new ConstantValue(0);
+        this.emissionBursts = parameters.emissionBursts ?? [];
+        this.onlyUsedByOther = parameters.onlyUsedByOther ?? false;
+        this.emitterShape = parameters.shape ?? new SphereEmitter();
+        this.behaviors = parameters.behaviors ?? [];
+        this.worldSpace = parameters.worldSpace ?? false;
+        this.rendererEmitterSettings = parameters.rendererEmitterSettings ?? {};
+
+        if (parameters.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard) {
+            const settings = this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings;
+            if (parameters.speedFactor !== undefined) {
+                settings.speedFactor = parameters.speedFactor;
+            }
+            settings.speedFactor = settings.speedFactor ?? 0;
+            settings.lengthFactor = settings.lengthFactor ?? 0;
+        }
+
+        this.rendererSettings = {
+            instancingGeometry: parameters.instancingGeometry ?? DEFAULT_POSITIONS,
+            instancingIndices: parameters.instancingIndices ?? DEFAULT_INDICES,
+            instancingUVs: parameters.instancingUVs ?? DEFAULT_UVS,
+            instancingNormals: parameters.instancingNormals,
+            renderMode: parameters.renderMode ?? RenderMode.BillBoard,
+            renderOrder: parameters.renderOrder ?? 0,
+            uTileCount: parameters.uTileCount ?? 1,
+            vTileCount: parameters.vTileCount ?? 1,
+            blendTiles: parameters.blendTiles ?? false,
+            softParticles: parameters.softParticles ?? false,
+            softNearFade: parameters.softNearFade ?? 0,
+            softFarFade: parameters.softFarFade ?? 0,
+            materialBlendMode: parameters.blendMode ?? Constants.ALPHA_ADD,
+            materialTransparent: parameters.transparent ?? true,
+            materialDepthTest: parameters.depthTest ?? true,
+            materialDepthWrite: parameters.depthWrite ?? false,
+            materialAlphaTest: parameters.alphaTest ?? 0,
+            texture: parameters.texture ?? null,
+            layerMask: parameters.layerMask ?? 0x0FFFFFFF,
+        };
+        if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Mesh && !this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals) {
+            this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals = ParticleSystem.createFallbackNormals(this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry);
+        }
+
+        this.materialRef = parameters.material ?? null;
+        this.applyMaterialSettings(this.materialRef, {
+            blendMode: parameters.blendMode,
+            transparent: parameters.transparent,
+            depthTest: parameters.depthTest,
+            depthWrite: parameters.depthWrite,
+            alphaTest: parameters.alphaTest,
+            texture: parameters.texture,
+            layerMask: parameters.layerMask,
+        });
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+
+        this.particles = [];
+        this.startTileIndex = parameters.startTileIndex || new ConstantValue(0);
+        this.emitter = new ParticleEmitter(this, parameters.scene);
+
+        this.paused = false;
+        this.particleNum = 0;
+        this.emissionState = {
+            isBursting: false,
+            burstParticleIndex: 0,
+            burstParticleCount: 0,
+            burstIndex: 0,
+            burstWaveIndex: 0,
+            time: 0,
+            waitEmiting: 0,
+            travelDistance: 0,
+        };
+
+        this.emissionBursts.forEach((burst) => burst.count.startGen(this.memory));
+        this.emissionOverDistance.startGen(this.memory);
+        this.startDelay.startGen(this.memory);
+        this.startDelayTimeLeft = this.startDelay.genValue(this.memory, 0);
+        this.refreshTrailHistoryMode();
+
+        this.emitEnded = false;
+        this.markForDestroy = false;
+        this.prewarmed = false;
+    }
+
+    private applyMaterialSettings(
+        material: any,
+        overrides: {
+            blendMode?: number;
+            transparent?: boolean;
+            depthTest?: boolean;
+            depthWrite?: boolean;
+            alphaTest?: number;
+            texture?: Texture | null;
+            layerMask?: number;
+        } = {}
+    ) {
+        /* istanbul ignore if -- rendererSettings is always assigned in the constructor before any code path can call this private method */
+        if (!this.rendererSettings) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const resolvedTexture =
+            overrides.texture !== undefined
+                ? overrides.texture
+                : (material?.albedoTexture ??
+                    material?.diffuseTexture ??
+                    material?.emissiveTexture ??
+                    material?.opacityTexture ??
+                    material?.baseTexture ??
+                    this.rendererSettings.texture ??
+                    null);
+        const resolvedBlendMode =
+            overrides.blendMode ??
+            (typeof material?.alphaMode === 'number' ? material.alphaMode : this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode);
+        const resolvedTransparent =
+            overrides.transparent ??
+            (typeof material?.needAlphaBlending === 'function'
+                ? material.needAlphaBlending()
+                : typeof material?.alpha === 'number'
+                    ? material.alpha < 1
+                    : this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent);
+        const resolvedDepthTest =
+            overrides.depthTest ??
+            (typeof material?.disableDepthTest === 'boolean'
+                ? !material.disableDepthTest
+                : this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest);
+        const resolvedDepthWrite =
+            overrides.depthWrite ??
+            (typeof material?.disableDepthWrite === 'boolean'
+                ? !material.disableDepthWrite
+                : typeof material?.forceDepthWrite === 'boolean'
+                    ? material.forceDepthWrite
+                    : this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite);
+        const resolvedAlphaTest =
+            overrides.alphaTest ??
+            (typeof material?.alphaCutOff === 'number'
+                ? material.alphaCutOff
+                : typeof material?.alphaCutOffValue === 'number'
+                    ? material.alphaCutOffValue
+                    : this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest);
+
+        this.rendererSettings.texture = resolvedTexture;
+        this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode = resolvedBlendMode;
+        this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent = resolvedTransparent;
+        this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest = resolvedDepthTest;
+        this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite = resolvedDepthWrite;
+        this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest = resolvedAlphaTest;
+        if (overrides.layerMask !== undefined) {
+            this.rendererSettings.layerMask = overrides.layerMask;
+        }
+        this.neededToUpdateRender = true;
+    }
+
+    pause() { this.paused = true; }
+    play() { this.paused = false; }
+    stop() { this.restart(); this.pause(); }
+
+    private refreshTrailHistoryMode() {
+        this.useFastTrailHistory = !this.behaviors.some((behavior) => (behavior as any).type === 'WidthOverLength');
+    }
+
+    private ensureTrailHistoryCapacity(particle: TrailParticle, capacity: number) {
+        const trailAny = particle as any;
+        if (trailAny._trailHistoryCapacity === capacity && trailAny._trailHistoryPositions) {
+            return;
+        }
+        trailAny._trailHistoryCapacity = capacity;
+        trailAny._trailHistoryPositions = new Float32Array(capacity * 3);
+        trailAny._trailHistorySizes = new Float32Array(capacity);
+        trailAny._trailHistoryColors = new Float32Array(capacity * 4);
+        trailAny._trailHistoryHead = 0;
+        trailAny._trailHistoryCount = 0;
+    }
+
+    private resetTrailHistory(particle: TrailParticle) {
+        const trailAny = particle as any;
+        trailAny._trailHistoryHead = 0;
+        trailAny._trailHistoryCount = 0;
+    }
+
+    private getTrailHistoryCount(particle: TrailParticle): number {
+        const trailAny = particle as any;
+        const fastHistoryCount = trailAny._trailHistoryCount;
+        if (typeof fastHistoryCount === 'number') {
+            return fastHistoryCount;
+        }
+        return particle.previous.length;
+    }
+
+    private updateFastTrailHistory(particle: TrailParticle) {
+        const trailAny = particle as any;
+        const capacity = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(particle.length));
+        this.ensureTrailHistoryCapacity(particle, capacity);
+        let head = trailAny._trailHistoryHead as number;
+        let count = trailAny._trailHistoryCount as number;
+        const positions = trailAny._trailHistoryPositions as Float32Array;
+        const sizes = trailAny._trailHistorySizes as Float32Array;
+        const colors = trailAny._trailHistoryColors as Float32Array;
+
+        if (particle.age <= particle.life) {
+            const posIndex = head * 3;
+            positions[posIndex] = particle.position.x;
+            positions[posIndex + 1] = particle.position.y;
+            positions[posIndex + 2] = particle.position.z;
+            sizes[head] = particle.size.x;
+            const colorIndex = head * 4;
+            colors[colorIndex] = particle.color.x;
+            colors[colorIndex + 1] = particle.color.y;
+            colors[colorIndex + 2] = particle.color.z;
+            colors[colorIndex + 3] = particle.color.w;
+            head = (head + 1) % capacity;
+            if (count < capacity) {
+                count++;
+            }
+        } else if (count > 0) {
+            count--;
+        }
+
+        trailAny._trailHistoryHead = head;
+        trailAny._trailHistoryCount = count;
+    }
+
+    setQualityFactor(qualityFactor: number) {
+        this.qualityFactor = Math.max(0.1, Math.min(1, qualityFactor));
+    }
+
+    private spawn(count: number, emissionState: EmissionState, matrix: Matrix4) {
+        tempQ.setFromRotationMatrix(matrix);
+        const translation = tempV;
+        const scale = tempV2;
+        matrix.decompose(translation, tempQ, scale);
+        const behaviors = this.behaviors;
+        const behaviorCount = behaviors.length;
+        const renderMode = this.rendererSettings.renderMode;
+        const isTrailMode = renderMode === RenderMode.Trail;
+        const timeRatio = emissionState.time / this.duration;
+        const trailSettings = isTrailMode ? (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings) : undefined;
+        const followLocalOrigin = Boolean(trailSettings?.followLocalOrigin);
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            emissionState.burstParticleIndex = i;
+            this.particleNum++;
+            if (this.particles.length < this.particleNum) {
+                if (isTrailMode) {
+                    this.particles.push(new TrailParticle());
+                } else {
+                    this.particles.push(new SpriteParticle());
+                }
+            }
+            const particle = this.particles[this.particleNum - 1];
+            particle.reset();
+            particle.speedModifier = 1;
+            this.startColor.startGen(particle.memory);
+            this.startColor.genColor(particle.memory, particle.startColor, this.emissionState.time);
+            particle.color.copy(particle.startColor);
+            this.startSpeed.startGen(particle.memory);
+            particle.startSpeed = this.startSpeed.genValue(particle.memory, timeRatio);
+            this.startLife.startGen(particle.memory);
+            particle.life = this.startLife.genValue(particle.memory, timeRatio);
+            particle.age = 0;
+            this.startSize.startGen(particle.memory);
+            if (this.startSize.type === 'vec3function') {
+                (this.startSize as Vector3Generator).genValue(particle.memory, particle.startSize, timeRatio);
+            } else {
+                const size = (this.startSize as FunctionValueGenerator).genValue(particle.memory, timeRatio);
+                particle.startSize.set(size, size, size);
+            }
+            this.startTileIndex.startGen(particle.memory);
+            particle.uvTile = this.startTileIndex.genValue(particle.memory);
+            particle.size.copy(particle.startSize);
+
+            if (
+                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Mesh ||
+                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.BillBoard ||
+                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.VerticalBillBoard ||
+                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.HorizontalBillBoard ||
+                this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard
+            ) {
+                const sprite = particle as SpriteParticle;
+                this.startRotation.startGen(particle.memory);
+                if (renderMode === RenderMode.Mesh) {
+                    if (!(sprite.rotation instanceof Quaternion)) {
+                        sprite.rotation = new Quaternion();
+                    }
+                    if (this.startRotation.type === 'rotation') {
+                        this.startRotation.genValue(particle.memory, sprite.rotation as Quaternion, 1, timeRatio);
+                    } else {
+                        (sprite.rotation as Quaternion).setFromAxisAngle(UP, this.startRotation.genValue(sprite.memory, timeRatio));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (this.startRotation.type === 'rotation') {
+                        sprite.rotation = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        sprite.rotation = this.startRotation.genValue(sprite.memory, timeRatio);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (isTrailMode && trailSettings) {
+                const trail = particle as TrailParticle;
+                trailSettings.startLength.startGen(trail.memory);
+                trail.length = trailSettings.startLength.genValue(trail.memory, timeRatio);
+                if (this.useFastTrailHistory) {
+                    this.ensureTrailHistoryCapacity(trail, Math.max(1, Math.ceil(trail.length)));
+                    this.resetTrailHistory(trail);
+                }
+            }
+
+            this.emitterShape.initialize(particle, emissionState);
+
+            if (isTrailMode && followLocalOrigin) {
+                const trail = particle as TrailParticle;
+                if (!trail.localPosition) {
+                    trail.localPosition = new Vector3();
+                }
+                trail.localPosition.copy(trail.position);
+            }
+
+            if (this.worldSpace) {
+                particle.position.applyMatrix4(matrix);
+                particle.startSize.multiply(scale).abs();
+                particle.size.copy(particle.startSize);
+                particle.velocity.multiply(scale).applyMatrix3(this.normalMatrix);
+                if (particle.rotation && particle.rotation instanceof Quaternion) {
+                    particle.rotation.multiplyQuaternions(tempQ, particle.rotation);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (this.onlyUsedByOther) {
+                    particle.parentMatrix = matrix;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (let j = 0; j < behaviorCount; j++) {
+                behaviors[j].initialize(particle, this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    endEmit() {
+        this.emitEnded = true;
+        if (this.autoDestroy) {
+            this.markForDestroy = true;
+        }
+        this.fire({type: 'emitEnd', particleSystem: this});
+    }
+
+    dispose() {
+        if (this._renderer) this._renderer.deleteSystem(this);
+        this.emitter.dispose();
+        this.fire({type: 'destroy', particleSystem: this});
+    }
+
+    restart() {
+        this.memory.length = 0;
+        this.paused = false;
+        this.particleNum = 0;
+        this.emissionState.isBursting = false;
+        this.emissionState.burstIndex = 0;
+        this.emissionState.burstWaveIndex = 0;
+        this.emissionState.time = 0;
+        this.emissionState.waitEmiting = 0;
+        this.behaviors.forEach((behavior) => behavior.reset());
+        this.emitEnded = false;
+        this.markForDestroy = false;
+        this.prewarmed = false;
+        this.emissionBursts.forEach((burst) => burst.count.startGen(this.memory));
+        this.emissionOverDistance.startGen(this.memory);
+        this.startDelay.startGen(this.memory);
+        this.startDelayTimeLeft = this.startDelay.genValue(this.memory, 0);
+        this.previousEmitterPos = undefined;
+        this.emitterVelocity.set(0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    private firstTimeUpdate = true;
+
+    /** @internal */
+    update(delta: number) {
+        if (this.paused) return;
+
+        if (this.firstTimeUpdate) {
+            this.firstTimeUpdate = false;
+            this.emitter.computeWorldMatrix(true);
+        }
+
+        if (this.emitEnded && this.particleNum === 0) {
+            if (this.markForDestroy) this.dispose();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (this.looping && this.prewarm && !this.prewarmed) {
+            this.prewarmed = true;
+            for (let i = 0; i < this.duration * PREWARM_FPS; i++) {
+                this.update(1.0 / PREWARM_FPS);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (delta > 0.1) {
+            delta = 0.1;
+        }
+
+        if (this.neededToUpdateRender) {
+            if (this._renderer) this._renderer.updateSystem(this);
+            this.neededToUpdateRender = false;
+        }
+
+        const emitterElements = this.emitter.matrixWorld.elements;
+        this.tempEmitterPos.set(emitterElements[12], emitterElements[13], emitterElements[14]);
+        if (this.previousEmitterPos !== undefined && delta > 0) {
+            this.emitterVelocity
+                .copy(this.tempEmitterPos)
+                .sub(this.previousEmitterPos)
+                .divideScalar(delta);
+        }
+        (this.previousEmitterPos ??= new Vector3()).copy(this.tempEmitterPos);
+
+        // Start delay holds back emission once per play/restart (ignored with
+        // prewarm, matching Unity). Carry the remainder so a large frame does
+        // not lose time.
+        if (this.startDelayTimeLeft > 0 && !(this.prewarm && this.looping)) {
+            this.startDelayTimeLeft -= delta;
+            if (this.startDelayTimeLeft >= 0) return;
+            delta = Math.min(-this.startDelayTimeLeft, 0.1);
+            this.startDelayTimeLeft = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!this.onlyUsedByOther) {
+            this.emit(delta, this.emissionState, this.emitter.matrixWorld);
+        }
+
+        const particles = this.particles;
+        const behaviorCount = this.behaviors.length;
+        const particleCount = this.particleNum;
+        this.emitterShape.update(this, delta);
+        for (let j = 0; j < behaviorCount; j++) {
+            const behavior = this.behaviors[j];
+            behavior.frameUpdate(delta);
+            for (let i = 0; i < particleCount; i++) {
+                const particle = particles[i];
+                if (!particle.died) {
+                    behavior.update(particle, delta);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        const followLocalOrigin =
+            this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail &&
+            (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).followLocalOrigin;
+        const emitterMatrix = this.emitter.matrixWorld;
+        for (let i = 0; i < particleCount; i++) {
+            const particle = particles[i];
+            if (followLocalOrigin && (particle as TrailParticle).localPosition) {
+                particle.position.copy((particle as TrailParticle).localPosition!);
+                if (particle.parentMatrix) {
+                    particle.position.applyMatrix4(particle.parentMatrix);
+                } else {
+                    particle.position.applyMatrix4(emitterMatrix);
+                }
+            } else {
+                particle.position.addScaledVector(particle.velocity, delta * particle.speedModifier);
+            }
+            particle.age += delta;
+        }
+
+        if (this.rendererSettings.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
+            for (let i = 0; i < particleCount; i++) {
+                const trailParticle = particles[i] as TrailParticle;
+                if (this.useFastTrailHistory) {
+                    this.updateFastTrailHistory(trailParticle);
+                } else {
+                    trailParticle.update();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let liveParticleCount = this.particleNum;
+        for (let i = 0; i < liveParticleCount; i++) {
+            const particle = particles[i];
+            if (
+                particle.died &&
+                (!(particle instanceof TrailParticle) || this.getTrailHistoryCount(particle as TrailParticle) === 0)
+            ) {
+                particles[i] = particles[liveParticleCount - 1];
+                particles[liveParticleCount - 1] = particle;
+                liveParticleCount--;
+                i--;
+                this.fire({type: 'particleDied', particleSystem: this, particle: particle});
+            }
+        }
+        this.particleNum = liveParticleCount;
+    }
+
+    emit(delta: number, emissionState: EmissionState, emitterMatrix: Matrix4) {
+        if (emissionState.time > this.duration) {
+            if (this.looping) {
+                emissionState.time -= this.duration;
+                emissionState.burstIndex = 0;
+                this.behaviors.forEach((behavior) => behavior.reset());
+            } else {
+                if (!this.emitEnded && !this.onlyUsedByOther) {
+                    this.endEmit();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.normalMatrix.getNormalMatrix(emitterMatrix);
+        const emissionBursts = this.emissionBursts;
+        const emissionBurstCount = emissionBursts.length;
+        const qualityFactor = this.qualityFactor;
+
+        const totalSpawn = Math.ceil(emissionState.waitEmiting);
+        this.spawn(totalSpawn, emissionState, emitterMatrix);
+        emissionState.waitEmiting -= totalSpawn;
+
+        while (
+            emissionState.burstIndex < emissionBurstCount &&
+            emissionBursts[emissionState.burstIndex].time <= emissionState.time
+        ) {
+            const burst = emissionBursts[emissionState.burstIndex];
+            if (Math.random() < burst.probability) {
+                const rawCount = burst.count.genValue(this.memory, this.time);
+                const count = qualityFactor >= 0.999 ? rawCount : Math.floor(rawCount * qualityFactor);
+                emissionState.isBursting = true;
+                emissionState.burstParticleCount = count;
+                this.spawn(count, emissionState, emitterMatrix);
+                emissionState.isBursting = false;
+            }
+            emissionState.burstIndex++;
+        }
+
+        if (!this.emitEnded) {
+            const timeRatio = emissionState.time / this.duration;
+            emissionState.waitEmiting += delta * this.emissionOverTime.genValue(this.memory, timeRatio) * qualityFactor;
+
+            const previousWorldPos = emissionState.previousWorldPos;
+            if (previousWorldPos !== undefined) {
+                this.temp.set(emitterMatrix.elements[12], emitterMatrix.elements[13], emitterMatrix.elements[14]);
+                emissionState.travelDistance += previousWorldPos.distanceTo(this.temp);
+                const emitPerMeter = this.emissionOverDistance.genValue(this.memory, timeRatio) * qualityFactor;
+                if (emissionState.travelDistance * emitPerMeter > 0) {
+                    const count = Math.floor(emissionState.travelDistance * emitPerMeter);
+                    emissionState.travelDistance -= count / emitPerMeter;
+                    emissionState.waitEmiting += count;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (emissionState.previousWorldPos === undefined) emissionState.previousWorldPos = new Vector3();
+        emissionState.previousWorldPos.set(emitterMatrix.elements[12], emitterMatrix.elements[13], emitterMatrix.elements[14]);
+        emissionState.time += delta;
+    }
+
+    toJSON(metaData?: BabylonMetaData | string, _options: SerializationOptions = {}): ParticleSystemJSONParameters {
+        const isRootObject = metaData === undefined || typeof metaData === 'string';
+        const meta: BabylonMetaData = isRootObject
+            ? {
+                geometries: {},
+                materials: {},
+                textures: {},
+                images: {},
+                shapes: {},
+                skeletons: {},
+                animations: {},
+                nodes: {},
+            }
+            : metaData;
+
+        const geometryUUID = this.ensureGeometryMeta(meta);
+        const materialUUID = this.ensureMaterialMeta(meta);
+        const rendererEmitterSettingsJSON = this.toRendererSettingsJSON();
+
+        return {
+            version: '3.0',
+            autoDestroy: this.autoDestroy,
+            looping: this.looping,
+            prewarm: this.prewarm,
+            duration: this.duration,
+            startDelay: this.startDelay.toJSON(),
+            shape: this.emitterShape.toJSON(),
+            startLife: this.startLife.toJSON(),
+            startSpeed: this.startSpeed.toJSON(),
+            startRotation: this.startRotation.toJSON(),
+            startSize: this.startSize.toJSON(),
+            startColor: this.startColor.toJSON(),
+            emissionOverTime: this.emissionOverTime.toJSON(),
+            emissionOverDistance: this.emissionOverDistance.toJSON(),
+            emissionBursts: this.emissionBursts.map((burst) => ({
+                time: burst.time,
+                count: burst.count.toJSON(),
+                probability: burst.probability,
+                interval: burst.interval,
+                cycle: burst.cycle,
+            })),
+            onlyUsedByOther: this.onlyUsedByOther,
+            instancingGeometry: geometryUUID,
+            renderMode: this.renderMode,
+            renderOrder: this.renderOrder,
+            rendererEmitterSettings: rendererEmitterSettingsJSON,
+            material: materialUUID,
+            layers: this.rendererSettings.layerMask,
+            startTileIndex: this.startTileIndex.toJSON(),
+            uTileCount: this.rendererSettings.uTileCount,
+            vTileCount: this.rendererSettings.vTileCount,
+            blendTiles: this.rendererSettings.blendTiles,
+            softParticles: this.rendererSettings.softParticles,
+            softFarFade: this.rendererSettings.softFarFade,
+            softNearFade: this.rendererSettings.softNearFade,
+            blending: this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode,
+            transparent: this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent,
+            depthTest: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest,
+            depthWrite: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite,
+            alphaTest: this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest,
+            behaviors: this.behaviors.map((b) => b.toJSON()),
+            worldSpace: this.worldSpace,
+        };
+    }
+
+    static fromJSON(
+        json: ParticleSystemJSONParameters,
+        meta: BabylonMetaData,
+        dependencies: {[uuid: string]: Behavior} = {},
+        scene?: Scene
+    ): ParticleSystem {
+        const shape = EmitterFromJSON(json.shape, meta as any);
+        let rendererEmitterSettings: RendererEmitterSettings;
+        if (json.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
+            const trailSettings = json.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings;
+            rendererEmitterSettings = {
+                startLength:
+                    trailSettings?.startLength !== undefined
+                        ? ValueGeneratorFromJSON(trailSettings.startLength)
+                        : new ConstantValue(30),
+                followLocalOrigin: trailSettings?.followLocalOrigin ?? false,
+            };
+        } else if (json.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard) {
+            rendererEmitterSettings = {...(json.rendererEmitterSettings ?? {})};
+            if (json.speedFactor !== undefined) {
+                (rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).speedFactor = json.speedFactor;
+            }
+        } else {
+            rendererEmitterSettings = {};
+        }
+
+        const materialMeta = json.material ? meta.materials?.[json.material] : undefined;
+        const materialTextureRef = materialMeta?.texture ?? json.texture;
+        const texture =
+            typeof materialTextureRef === 'string'
+                ? meta.textures?.[materialTextureRef] ?? null
+                : materialTextureRef ?? null;
+        const resolvedGeometryEntry =
+            typeof json.instancingGeometry === 'string'
+                ? meta.geometries?.[json.instancingGeometry]
+                : json.instancingGeometry;
+        const resolvedGeometry = ParticleSystem.resolveGeometryData(resolvedGeometryEntry);
+
+        const ps = new ParticleSystem({
+            scene,
+            autoDestroy: json.autoDestroy,
+            looping: json.looping,
+            prewarm: json.prewarm,
+            duration: json.duration,
+            startDelay: json.startDelay ? ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.startDelay) : undefined,
+            shape,
+            startLife: ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.startLife),
+            startSpeed: ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.startSpeed),
+            startRotation: GeneratorFromJSON(json.startRotation) as RotationGenerator | ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator,
+            startSize: GeneratorFromJSON(json.startSize) as Vector3Generator | ValueGenerator | FunctionValueGenerator,
+            startColor: ColorGeneratorFromJSON(json.startColor) as ColorGenerator,
+            emissionOverTime: ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.emissionOverTime),
+            emissionOverDistance: ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.emissionOverDistance),
+            emissionBursts: json.emissionBursts?.map((burst: any) => ({
+                time: burst.time,
+                count: typeof burst.count === 'number' ? new ConstantValue(burst.count) : ValueGeneratorFromJSON(burst.count),
+                probability: burst.probability ?? 1,
+                interval: burst.interval ?? 0.1,
+                cycle: burst.cycle ?? burst.cycleCount ?? 1,
+            })),
+            onlyUsedByOther: json.onlyUsedByOther,
+            instancingGeometry: resolvedGeometry.positions,
+            instancingIndices: resolvedGeometry.indices,
+            instancingUVs: resolvedGeometry.uvs,
+            instancingNormals: resolvedGeometry.normals,
+            renderMode: json.renderMode,
+            rendererEmitterSettings,
+            renderOrder: json.renderOrder,
+            texture,
+            material: materialMeta?.sourceMaterial,
+            blendMode: materialMeta?.alphaMode ?? json.blending ?? Constants.ALPHA_ADD,
+            transparent: materialMeta?.transparent ?? json.transparent ?? true,
+            depthTest: materialMeta?.depthTest ?? json.depthTest ?? true,
+            depthWrite: materialMeta?.depthWrite ?? json.depthWrite ?? false,
+            alphaTest: materialMeta?.alphaTest ?? json.alphaTest ?? 0,
+            startTileIndex:
+                typeof json.startTileIndex === 'number'
+                    ? new ConstantValue(json.startTileIndex)
+                    : (ValueGeneratorFromJSON(json.startTileIndex) as ValueGenerator),
+            uTileCount: json.uTileCount,
+            vTileCount: json.vTileCount,
+            blendTiles: json.blendTiles,
+            softParticles: json.softParticles,
+            softFarFade: json.softFarFade,
+            softNearFade: json.softNearFade,
+            behaviors: [],
+            worldSpace: json.worldSpace,
+            layerMask: json.layers,
+        });
+        ps.behaviors = (json.behaviors ?? [])
+            .map((behaviorJson) => {
+                const behavior = BehaviorFromJSON(behaviorJson, ps);
+                if (behavior && behavior.type === 'EmitSubParticleSystem') {
+                    dependencies[(behaviorJson as any).subParticleSystem] = behavior;
+                }
+                return behavior;
+            })
+            .filter((behavior) => behavior !== null) as Behavior[];
+        return ps;
+    }
+
+    private static nextSerializationId(prefix: string): string {
+        ParticleSystem.serializationCounter += 1;
+        return `${prefix}_${ParticleSystem.serializationCounter}`;
+    }
+
+    private static createFallbackNormals(positions: Float32Array): Float32Array {
+        const normals = new Float32Array(positions.length);
+        for (let i = 0; i < normals.length; i += 3) {
+            normals[i] = 0;
+            normals[i + 1] = 0;
+            normals[i + 2] = 1;
+        }
+        return normals;
+    }
+
+    private toRendererSettingsJSON(): RendererEmitterSettings {
+        if (this.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
+            return {
+                startLength: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).startLength.toJSON(),
+                followLocalOrigin: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).followLocalOrigin,
+            };
+        }
+        if (this.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard) {
+            return {
+                speedFactor: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).speedFactor,
+                lengthFactor: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).lengthFactor,
+            };
+        }
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    private ensureGeometryMeta(meta: BabylonMetaData): string {
+        const geometryUUID = ParticleSystem.nextSerializationId('quarks_geometry');
+        meta.geometries[geometryUUID] = {
+            uuid: geometryUUID,
+            type: 'QuarksGeometry',
+            positions: Array.from(this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry),
+            indices: Array.from(this.rendererSettings.instancingIndices),
+            uvs: this.rendererSettings.instancingUVs ? Array.from(this.rendererSettings.instancingUVs) : undefined,
+            normals: this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals ? Array.from(this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals) : undefined,
+        };
+        return geometryUUID;
+    }
+
+    private ensureMaterialMeta(meta: BabylonMetaData): string {
+        const texture = this.rendererSettings.texture;
+        let textureUUID: string | undefined;
+        if (texture) {
+            textureUUID = ParticleSystem.nextSerializationId('quarks_texture');
+            meta.textures[textureUUID] = texture;
+        }
+
+        const materialUUID = ParticleSystem.nextSerializationId('quarks_material');
+        meta.materials[materialUUID] = {
+            uuid: materialUUID,
+            type: 'QuarksMaterial',
+            transparent: this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent,
+            alphaMode: this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode,
+            depthTest: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest,
+            depthWrite: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite,
+            alphaTest: this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest,
+            texture: textureUUID,
+            sourceMaterial: this.materialRef ?? undefined,
+        };
+        return materialUUID;
+    }
+
+    private static resolveGeometryData(entry: any): {
+        positions: Float32Array;
+        indices: Uint32Array | Uint16Array;
+        uvs?: Float32Array;
+        normals?: Float32Array;
+    } {
+        if (entry?.positions) {
+            const positions =
+                entry.positions instanceof Float32Array ? entry.positions : new Float32Array(entry.positions);
+            const rawIndices =
+                entry.indices instanceof Uint16Array || entry.indices instanceof Uint32Array
+                    ? entry.indices
+                    : entry.indices
+                      ? new Uint32Array(entry.indices)
+                      : undefined;
+            return {
+                positions,
+                indices: ensureTriangleIndices(positions, rawIndices),
+                uvs: entry.uvs
+                    ? entry.uvs instanceof Float32Array
+                        ? entry.uvs
+                        : new Float32Array(entry.uvs)
+                    : undefined,
+                normals: entry.normals
+                    ? entry.normals instanceof Float32Array
+                        ? entry.normals
+                        : new Float32Array(entry.normals)
+                    : undefined,
+            };
+        }
+
+        const data = entry?.data ?? entry;
+        if (data?.attributes?.position?.array) {
+            const positions = new Float32Array(data.attributes.position.array);
+            let indices: Uint32Array | Uint16Array | undefined;
+            if (data.index?.array) {
+                const indexType = data.index.type === 'Uint16Array' ? Uint16Array : Uint32Array;
+                indices = new indexType(data.index.array);
+            }
+            return {
+                positions,
+                indices: ensureTriangleIndices(positions, indices),
+                uvs: data.attributes.uv?.array ? new Float32Array(data.attributes.uv.array) : undefined,
+                normals: data.attributes.normal?.array ? new Float32Array(data.attributes.normal.array) : undefined,
+            };
+        }
+
+        return {
+            positions: DEFAULT_POSITIONS,
+            indices: DEFAULT_INDICES,
+            uvs: DEFAULT_UVS,
+        };
+    }
+
+    addBehavior(behavior: Behavior) {
+        this.behaviors.push(behavior);
+        this.refreshTrailHistoryMode();
+    }
+
+    getRendererSettings(): VFXBatchSettings {
+        return this.rendererSettings;
+    }
+
+    addEventListener(event: ParticleSystemEventType, callback: (event: ParticleSystemEvent) => void): void {
+        if (!this.listeners[event]) this.listeners[event] = [];
+        this.listeners[event].push(callback);
+    }
+
+    removeAllEventListeners(event: ParticleSystemEventType): void {
+        if (this.listeners[event]) this.listeners[event] = [];
+    }
+
+    removeEventListener(event: ParticleSystemEventType, callback: (event: ParticleSystemEvent) => void): void {
+        if (this.listeners[event]) {
+            const index = this.listeners[event].indexOf(callback);
+            if (index !== -1) this.listeners[event].splice(index, 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fire(event: ParticleSystemEvent) {
+        if (this.listeners[event.type]) {
+            this.listeners[event.type].forEach((callback) => callback(event));
+        }
+    }
+
+    clone(): ParticleSystem {
+        const newBehaviors: Array<Behavior> = this.behaviors.map((b) => b.clone());
+        let rendererEmitterSettings: RendererEmitterSettings;
+
+        if (this.renderMode === RenderMode.Trail) {
+            rendererEmitterSettings = {
+                startLength: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).startLength.clone(),
+                followLocalOrigin: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as TrailSettings).followLocalOrigin,
+            };
+        } else if (this.renderMode === RenderMode.StretchedBillBoard) {
+            rendererEmitterSettings = {
+                lengthFactor: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).lengthFactor,
+                speedFactor: (this.rendererEmitterSettings as StretchedBillBoardSettings).speedFactor,
+            };
+        } else {
+            rendererEmitterSettings = {};
+        }
+
+        return new ParticleSystem({
+            autoDestroy: this.autoDestroy,
+            looping: this.looping,
+            prewarm: this.prewarm,
+            duration: this.duration,
+            startDelay: this.startDelay.clone(),
+            shape: this.emitterShape.clone(),
+            startLife: this.startLife.clone(),
+            startSpeed: this.startSpeed.clone(),
+            startRotation: this.startRotation.clone(),
+            startSize: this.startSize.clone(),
+            startColor: this.startColor.clone(),
+            emissionOverTime: this.emissionOverTime.clone(),
+            emissionOverDistance: this.emissionOverDistance.clone(),
+            emissionBursts: this.emissionBursts.map((b) => ({...b})),
+            onlyUsedByOther: this.onlyUsedByOther,
+            instancingGeometry: this.rendererSettings.instancingGeometry,
+            instancingIndices: this.rendererSettings.instancingIndices,
+            instancingUVs: this.rendererSettings.instancingUVs,
+            instancingNormals: this.rendererSettings.instancingNormals,
+            renderMode: this.renderMode,
+            renderOrder: this.renderOrder,
+            rendererEmitterSettings,
+            material: this.materialRef,
+            texture: this.rendererSettings.texture,
+            startTileIndex: this.startTileIndex,
+            uTileCount: this.rendererSettings.uTileCount,
+            vTileCount: this.rendererSettings.vTileCount,
+            blendTiles: this.rendererSettings.blendTiles,
+            softParticles: this.rendererSettings.softParticles,
+            softFarFade: this.rendererSettings.softFarFade,
+            softNearFade: this.rendererSettings.softNearFade,
+            behaviors: newBehaviors,
+            worldSpace: this.worldSpace,
+            blendMode: this.rendererSettings.materialBlendMode,
+            transparent: this.rendererSettings.materialTransparent,
+            depthTest: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthTest,
+            depthWrite: this.rendererSettings.materialDepthWrite,
+            alphaTest: this.rendererSettings.materialAlphaTest,
+            layerMask: this.rendererSettings.layerMask,
+            scene: this.emitter.getScene(),
+        });
+    }
+}