aigroup-workflow 2.1.2 → 2.2.0

package/skills/infra/cloud-architect/references/multi-cloud.md

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+# Multi-Cloud Architecture Reference
+
+Comprehensive guide for multi-cloud strategies, abstraction layers, portability patterns, and vendor lock-in mitigation.
+
+## Multi-Cloud Strategy
+
+### When to Use Multi-Cloud
+
+**Valid Use Cases**
+- Regulatory compliance requiring data residency in specific regions
+- Best-of-breed service selection (BigQuery for analytics, AWS for ML)
+- Acquisition integration (different clouds in merged organizations)
+- Disaster recovery with cloud provider as failure domain
+- Negotiating leverage with cloud vendors
+
+**Poor Reasons for Multi-Cloud**
+- "Avoiding vendor lock-in" without specific exit scenario
+- Assuming portability is free (it has significant costs)
+- Political decisions without technical justification
+- Spreading workloads arbitrarily across providers
+
+### Multi-Cloud Patterns
+
+**Active-Active**
+```
+Users -> Global Load Balancer
+              |
+    +---------+---------+
+    |                   |
+  AWS Region        GCP Region
+    |                   |
+    +----> Data Sync <--+
+```
+- Highest complexity and cost
+- Best for global latency optimization
+- Requires robust data synchronization
+
+**Active-Passive (DR)**
+```
+Users -> Primary (AWS)
+              |
+         [Failover]
+              |
+         Secondary (Azure)
+```
+- Lower complexity than active-active
+- Cloud provider becomes failure domain
+- Cold or warm standby in secondary cloud
+
+**Segmented by Workload**
+```
+Analytics -> GCP (BigQuery)
+Core App  -> AWS (ECS, RDS)
+Office    -> Azure (M365 integration)
+```
+- Each workload on best-fit cloud
+- No cross-cloud data synchronization
+- Simplest multi-cloud pattern
+
+## Abstraction Layers
+
+### Infrastructure Abstraction
+
+**Terraform (Recommended)**
+```hcl
+# Provider-agnostic module structure
+module "compute" {
+  source = "./modules/compute"
+
+  provider_type = var.cloud_provider  # aws, azure, gcp
+  instance_type = var.instance_size
+  region        = var.region
+}
+
+# Provider-specific implementations
+# modules/compute/aws.tf
+resource "aws_instance" "main" {
+  count         = var.provider_type == "aws" ? 1 : 0
+  ami           = data.aws_ami.latest.id
+  instance_type = local.aws_instance_map[var.instance_size]
+}
+
+# modules/compute/azure.tf
+resource "azurerm_virtual_machine" "main" {
+  count    = var.provider_type == "azure" ? 1 : 0
+  vm_size  = local.azure_vm_map[var.instance_size]
+}
+```
+
+**Pulumi (Code-First)**
+```typescript
+// Abstract cloud resources with TypeScript
+interface ComputeConfig {
+  size: "small" | "medium" | "large";
+  region: string;
+}
+
+function createCompute(config: ComputeConfig, provider: "aws" | "gcp") {
+  if (provider === "aws") {
+    return new aws.ec2.Instance("web", {
+      instanceType: sizeMap.aws[config.size],
+      // ...
+    });
+  } else {
+    return new gcp.compute.Instance("web", {
+      machineType: sizeMap.gcp[config.size],
+      // ...
+    });
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Container Orchestration (Kubernetes)
+
+**Portable Kubernetes Deployment**
+```yaml
+# Same manifests work across EKS, AKS, GKE
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: web-app
+spec:
+  replicas: 3
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: web
+  template:
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: web
+        image: myregistry/web:v1
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            memory: "256Mi"
+            cpu: "250m"
+          limits:
+            memory: "512Mi"
+            cpu: "500m"
+```
+
+**Cloud-Specific Considerations**
+| Feature | EKS | AKS | GKE |
+|---------|-----|-----|-----|
+| Load Balancer | ALB/NLB annotations | Azure LB | GCP LB |
+| Storage Class | gp3, io2 | managed-premium | pd-ssd |
+| IAM Integration | IRSA | Workload Identity | Workload Identity |
+| Ingress | AWS ALB Controller | AGIC | GKE Ingress |
+
+### Application Abstraction
+
+**Database Abstraction**
+```python
+# Use standard protocols (SQL, Redis, S3 API)
+from sqlalchemy import create_engine
+
+# Same code works with:
+# - AWS RDS PostgreSQL
+# - Azure Database for PostgreSQL
+# - GCP Cloud SQL PostgreSQL
+# - Self-managed PostgreSQL
+
+DATABASE_URL = os.environ["DATABASE_URL"]
+engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)
+```
+
+**Object Storage Abstraction**
+```python
+import boto3
+from botocore.config import Config
+
+# S3-compatible API works with:
+# - AWS S3
+# - GCP Cloud Storage (interoperability mode)
+# - MinIO
+# - Cloudflare R2
+
+s3_client = boto3.client(
+    's3',
+    endpoint_url=os.environ.get("S3_ENDPOINT"),  # Override for non-AWS
+    aws_access_key_id=os.environ["ACCESS_KEY"],
+    aws_secret_access_key=os.environ["SECRET_KEY"],
+)
+```
+
+## Data Synchronization
+
+### Database Replication
+
+**Cross-Cloud PostgreSQL**
+```
+AWS RDS Primary
+      |
+      | Logical Replication
+      v
+GCP Cloud SQL Replica (read-only)
+```
+
+Configuration:
+```sql
+-- On primary (AWS RDS)
+CREATE PUBLICATION my_publication FOR ALL TABLES;
+
+-- On replica (GCP Cloud SQL)
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION my_subscription
+  CONNECTION 'host=aws-rds-endpoint dbname=mydb user=repl'
+  PUBLICATION my_publication;
+```
+
+**Conflict Resolution Strategies**
+- Last-write-wins (timestamp-based)
+- Application-level conflict resolution
+- CRDT data structures for eventually consistent data
+- Avoid multi-master for transactional data
+
+### Object Storage Sync
+
+**Rclone for Cross-Cloud Sync**
+```bash
+# Sync S3 to GCS
+rclone sync s3:my-bucket gcs:my-bucket \
+  --transfers 32 \
+  --checkers 16 \
+  --s3-upload-concurrency 8
+
+# Bidirectional sync with conflict handling
+rclone bisync s3:bucket gcs:bucket \
+  --conflict-resolve newer
+```
+
+**Event-Driven Replication**
+```
+S3 Bucket -> S3 Event -> Lambda -> GCS Upload
+                              |
+                              v
+                       Consistency Check
+```
+
+## Vendor Lock-In Mitigation
+
+### Lock-In Risk Assessment
+
+| Service Type | Lock-In Risk | Mitigation Strategy |
+|--------------|--------------|---------------------|
+| Compute (VMs) | Low | Standard OS images, IaC |
+| Kubernetes | Low | Portable manifests, avoid proprietary add-ons |
+| Object Storage | Low | S3-compatible API, standard formats |
+| Managed Databases | Medium | Standard SQL, logical backups |
+| Serverless Functions | High | Abstraction layers, containers |
+| Proprietary AI/ML | High | Open-source alternatives, ONNX models |
+| Managed Services | High | Evaluate portability before adoption |
+
+### Mitigation Strategies
+
+**1. Use Open Standards**
+- SQL databases over proprietary NoSQL
+- Kubernetes over ECS/Cloud Run
+- S3 API for object storage
+- OpenTelemetry for observability
+- OIDC for authentication
+
+**2. Abstract Proprietary Services**
+```typescript
+// Wrap cloud-specific services
+interface QueueService {
+  send(message: string): Promise<void>;
+  receive(): Promise<string>;
+}
+
+class SQSQueue implements QueueService {
+  async send(message: string) {
+    await this.sqsClient.sendMessage({ QueueUrl: this.url, MessageBody: message });
+  }
+}
+
+class PubSubQueue implements QueueService {
+  async send(message: string) {
+    await this.pubsubClient.topic(this.topic).publish(Buffer.from(message));
+  }
+}
+
+// Factory pattern for cloud selection
+function createQueue(provider: string): QueueService {
+  switch (provider) {
+    case "aws": return new SQSQueue();
+    case "gcp": return new PubSubQueue();
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**3. Maintain Exit Capability**
+- Regular data export testing
+- Document cloud-specific dependencies
+- Keep IaC portable across providers
+- Estimate migration effort annually
+
+**4. Containerize Everything**
+```dockerfile
+# Portable container runs anywhere
+FROM node:20-alpine
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY package*.json ./
+RUN npm ci --only=production
+COPY . .
+EXPOSE 3000
+CMD ["node", "server.js"]
+```
+
+## Network Connectivity
+
+### Cross-Cloud Networking
+
+**VPN Interconnect**
+```
+AWS VPC                          GCP VPC
+   |                                |
+   +---> AWS VPN Gateway            |
+              |                     |
+              | IPsec tunnel        |
+              |                     |
+              +---> GCP Cloud VPN <-+
+```
+
+**Dedicated Interconnect (Enterprise)**
+```
+On-Premises Data Center
+         |
+    +----+----+
+    |         |
+AWS Direct  GCP Cloud
+Connect     Interconnect
+    |         |
+    v         v
+AWS VPC    GCP VPC
+    |         |
+    +----+----+
+         |
+    Transit Hub (e.g., Megaport, Equinix)
+```
+
+### Service Mesh Across Clouds
+
+**Istio Multi-Cluster**
+```yaml
+# Primary cluster (AWS EKS)
+apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
+kind: IstioOperator
+spec:
+  values:
+    global:
+      meshID: multi-cloud-mesh
+      multiCluster:
+        clusterName: eks-primary
+      network: aws-network
+
+# Remote cluster (GCP GKE)
+spec:
+  values:
+    global:
+      meshID: multi-cloud-mesh
+      multiCluster:
+        clusterName: gke-secondary
+      network: gcp-network
+```
+
+## Cost Management
+
+### Cross-Cloud Cost Visibility
+
+**FinOps Tools**
+- CloudHealth by VMware
+- Apptio Cloudability
+- Spot.io (now part of NetApp)
+- Kubecost for Kubernetes
+
+**Unified Tagging Strategy**
+```
+Required Tags (all clouds):
+- environment: prod/staging/dev
+- cost-center: engineering/marketing/sales
+- owner: team-name
+- project: project-code
+- managed-by: terraform/manual
+```
+
+### Cost Comparison Framework
+
+```
+| Workload Type | AWS | Azure | GCP | Decision |
+|---------------|-----|-------|-----|----------|
+| General Compute | EC2 m5 | D-series | n2-standard | Compare $/vCPU/hour |
+| GPU Training | p4d | NC-series | A2 | GCP often cheaper |
+| Object Storage | S3 | Blob | GCS | Similar, check egress |
+| Analytics | Redshift | Synapse | BigQuery | BigQuery for ad-hoc |
+| Kubernetes | EKS | AKS | GKE | GKE Autopilot simplest |
+```
+
+## Observability
+
+### Unified Monitoring Stack
+
+**OpenTelemetry Collector**
+```yaml
+# Collect from all clouds, export to single backend
+receivers:
+  otlp:
+    protocols:
+      grpc:
+      http:
+
+processors:
+  batch:
+  attributes:
+    actions:
+      - key: cloud.provider
+        action: upsert
+        value: ${CLOUD_PROVIDER}
+
+exporters:
+  prometheus:
+    endpoint: "0.0.0.0:8889"
+  jaeger:
+    endpoint: jaeger:14250
+
+service:
+  pipelines:
+    traces:
+      receivers: [otlp]
+      processors: [batch, attributes]
+      exporters: [jaeger]
+    metrics:
+      receivers: [otlp]
+      processors: [batch, attributes]
+      exporters: [prometheus]
+```
+
+**Grafana for Unified Dashboards**
+- AWS CloudWatch data source
+- Azure Monitor data source
+- GCP Cloud Monitoring data source
+- Single pane of glass across all clouds
+
+## Security Considerations
+
+### Identity Federation
+
+**Cross-Cloud Identity**
+```
+Corporate IdP (Okta/Azure AD)
+         |
+    SAML/OIDC
+         |
+    +----+----+----+
+    |    |    |    |
+  AWS  Azure  GCP  K8s
+  IAM   AD   IAM  RBAC
+```
+
+### Secrets Management
+
+**HashiCorp Vault (Cloud-Agnostic)**
+```hcl
+# Single secrets management across clouds
+resource "vault_aws_secret_backend_role" "aws_role" {
+  backend = vault_aws_secret_backend.aws.path
+  name    = "app-role"
+  credential_type = "iam_user"
+}
+
+resource "vault_gcp_secret_roleset" "gcp_role" {
+  backend     = vault_gcp_secret_backend.gcp.path
+  roleset     = "app-role"
+  project     = var.gcp_project
+  token_scopes = ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
+}
+```
+
+### Network Security
+
+**Zero-Trust Across Clouds**
+- mTLS between all services (service mesh)
+- No implicit trust based on network location
+- Identity-based access control
+- Encrypted transit between clouds (VPN/interconnect)

package/skills/infra/devops-engineer/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: devops-engineer
+description: Creates Dockerfiles, configures CI/CD pipelines, writes Kubernetes manifests, and generates Terraform/Pulumi infrastructure templates. Handles deployment automation, GitOps configuration, incident response runbooks, and internal developer platform tooling. Use when setting up CI/CD pipelines, containerizing applications, managing infrastructure as code, deploying to Kubernetes clusters, configuring cloud platforms, automating releases, or responding to production incidents. Invoke for pipelines, Docker, Kubernetes, GitOps, Terraform, GitHub Actions, on-call, or platform engineering.
+license: MIT
+metadata:
+  author: https://github.com/Jeffallan
+  version: "1.1.1"
+  domain: devops
+  triggers: DevOps, CI/CD, deployment, Docker, Kubernetes, Terraform, GitHub Actions, infrastructure, platform engineering, incident response, on-call, self-service
+  role: engineer
+  scope: implementation
+  output-format: code
+  related-skills: terraform-engineer, kubernetes-specialist, sre-engineer, monitoring-expert, security-reviewer
+---
+
+# DevOps Engineer
+
+Senior DevOps engineer specializing in CI/CD pipelines, infrastructure as code, and deployment automation.
+
+## Role Definition
+
+You are a senior DevOps engineer with 10+ years of experience. You operate with three perspectives:
+- **Build Hat**: Automating build, test, and packaging
+- **Deploy Hat**: Orchestrating deployments across environments
+- **Ops Hat**: Ensuring reliability, monitoring, and incident response
+
+## When to Use This Skill
+
+- Setting up CI/CD pipelines (GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins)
+- Containerizing applications (Docker, Docker Compose)
+- Kubernetes deployments and configurations
+- Infrastructure as code (Terraform, Pulumi)
+- Cloud platform configuration (AWS, GCP, Azure)
+- Deployment strategies (blue-green, canary, rolling)
+- Building internal developer platforms and self-service tools
+- Incident response, on-call, and production troubleshooting
+- Release automation and artifact management
+
+## Core Workflow
+
+1. **Assess** - Understand application, environments, requirements
+2. **Design** - Pipeline structure, deployment strategy
+3. **Implement** - IaC, Dockerfiles, CI/CD configs
+4. **Validate** - Run `terraform plan`, lint configs, execute unit/integration tests; confirm no destructive changes before proceeding
+5. **Deploy** - Roll out with verification; run smoke tests post-deployment
+6. **Monitor** - Set up observability, alerts; confirm rollback procedure is ready before going live
+
+## Reference Guide
+
+Load detailed guidance based on context:
+
+| Topic | Reference | Load When |
+|-------|-----------|-----------|
+| GitHub Actions | `references/github-actions.md` | Setting up CI/CD pipelines, GitHub workflows |
+| Docker | `references/docker-patterns.md` | Containerizing applications, writing Dockerfiles |
+| Kubernetes | `references/kubernetes.md` | K8s deployments, services, ingress, pods |
+| Terraform | `references/terraform-iac.md` | Infrastructure as code, AWS/GCP provisioning |
+| Deployment | `references/deployment-strategies.md` | Blue-green, canary, rolling updates, rollback |
+| Platform | `references/platform-engineering.md` | Self-service infra, developer portals, golden paths, Backstage |
+| Release | `references/release-automation.md` | Artifact management, feature flags, multi-platform CI/CD |
+| Incidents | `references/incident-response.md` | Production outages, on-call, MTTR, postmortems, runbooks |
+
+## Constraints
+
+### MUST DO
+- Use infrastructure as code (never manual changes)
+- Implement health checks and readiness probes
+- Store secrets in secret managers (not env files)
+- Enable container scanning in CI/CD
+- Document rollback procedures
+- Use GitOps for Kubernetes (ArgoCD, Flux)
+
+### MUST NOT DO
+- Deploy to production without explicit approval
+- Store secrets in code or CI/CD variables
+- Skip staging environment testing
+- Ignore resource limits in containers
+- Use `latest` tag in production
+- Deploy on Fridays without monitoring
+
+## Output Templates
+
+Provide: CI/CD pipeline config, Dockerfile, K8s/Terraform files, deployment verification, rollback procedure
+
+### Minimal GitHub Actions Example
+
+```yaml
+name: CI
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+jobs:
+  build-test-push:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Build image
+        run: docker build -t myapp:${{ github.sha }} .
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: docker run --rm myapp:${{ github.sha }} pytest
+      - name: Scan image
+        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@master
+        with:
+          image-ref: myapp:${{ github.sha }}
+      - name: Push to registry
+        run: |
+          docker tag myapp:${{ github.sha }} ghcr.io/org/myapp:${{ github.sha }}
+          docker push ghcr.io/org/myapp:${{ github.sha }}
+```
+
+### Minimal Dockerfile Example
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM python:3.12-slim AS builder
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+FROM python:3.12-slim
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages
+COPY . .
+USER nonroot
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s CMD curl -f http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1
+CMD ["python", "main.py"]
+```
+
+### Rollback Procedure Example
+
+```bash
+# Kubernetes: roll back to previous deployment revision
+kubectl rollout undo deployment/myapp -n production
+kubectl rollout status deployment/myapp -n production
+
+# Verify rollback succeeded
+kubectl get pods -n production -l app=myapp
+curl -f https://myapp.example.com/health
+```
+
+Always document the rollback command and verification step in the PR or change ticket before deploying.
+
+## Knowledge Reference
+
+GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins, CircleCI, Docker, Kubernetes, Helm, ArgoCD, Flux, Terraform, Pulumi, Crossplane, AWS/GCP/Azure, Prometheus, Grafana, PagerDuty, Backstage, LaunchDarkly, Flagger