aigroup-workflow 2.1.2 → 2.2.0

package/skills/go-rust-cpp/golang-pro/references/project-structure.md

@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+# Project Structure and Module Management
+
+## Standard Project Layout
+
+```
+myproject/
+├── cmd/                    # Main applications
+│   ├── server/
+│   │   └── main.go        # Entry point for server
+│   └── cli/
+│       └── main.go        # Entry point for CLI tool
+├── internal/              # Private application code
+│   ├── api/              # API handlers
+│   ├── service/          # Business logic
+│   └── repository/       # Data access layer
+├── pkg/                   # Public library code
+│   └── models/           # Shared models
+├── api/                   # API definitions
+│   ├── openapi.yaml      # OpenAPI spec
+│   └── proto/            # Protocol buffers
+├── web/                   # Web assets
+│   ├── static/
+│   └── templates/
+├── scripts/               # Build and install scripts
+├── configs/              # Configuration files
+├── deployments/          # Docker, K8s configs
+├── test/                 # Additional test data
+├── docs/                 # Documentation
+├── go.mod               # Module definition
+├── go.sum               # Dependency checksums
+├── Makefile             # Build automation
+└── README.md
+```
+
+## go.mod Basics
+
+```go
+// Initialize module
+// go mod init github.com/user/project
+
+module github.com/user/myproject
+
+go 1.21
+
+require (
+    github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.1
+    github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9
+    go.uber.org/zap v1.26.0
+)
+
+require (
+    // Indirect dependencies (automatically managed)
+    github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.9.1 // indirect
+    github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20221115062448-fe3a3abad311 // indirect
+)
+
+// Replace directive for local development
+replace github.com/user/mylib => ../mylib
+
+// Retract directive to mark bad versions
+retract v1.0.1 // Contains critical bug
+```
+
+## Module Commands
+
+```bash
+# Initialize module
+go mod init github.com/user/project
+
+# Add missing dependencies
+go mod tidy
+
+# Download dependencies
+go mod download
+
+# Verify dependencies
+go mod verify
+
+# Show module graph
+go mod graph
+
+# Show why package is needed
+go mod why github.com/user/package
+
+# Vendor dependencies (copy to vendor/)
+go mod vendor
+
+# Update dependency
+go get -u github.com/user/package
+
+# Update to specific version
+go get github.com/user/package@v1.2.3
+
+# Update all dependencies
+go get -u ./...
+
+# Remove unused dependencies
+go mod tidy
+```
+
+## Internal Packages
+
+```go
+// internal/ packages can only be imported by code in the parent tree
+
+myproject/
+├── internal/
+│   ├── auth/           # Can only be imported by myproject
+│   │   └── jwt.go
+│   └── database/
+│       └── postgres.go
+└── pkg/
+    └── models/         # Can be imported by anyone
+        └── user.go
+
+// This works (same project):
+import "github.com/user/myproject/internal/auth"
+
+// This fails (different project):
+import "github.com/other/project/internal/auth" // Error!
+
+// Internal subdirectories
+myproject/
+└── api/
+    └── internal/       # Can only be imported by code in api/
+        └── helpers.go
+```
+
+## Package Organization
+
+```go
+// user/user.go - Domain package
+package user
+
+import (
+    "context"
+    "time"
+)
+
+// User represents a user entity
+type User struct {
+    ID        string
+    Email     string
+    CreatedAt time.Time
+}
+
+// Repository defines data access interface
+type Repository interface {
+    Create(ctx context.Context, user *User) error
+    GetByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*User, error)
+    Update(ctx context.Context, user *User) error
+    Delete(ctx context.Context, id string) error
+}
+
+// Service handles business logic
+type Service struct {
+    repo Repository
+}
+
+// NewService creates a new user service
+func NewService(repo Repository) *Service {
+    return &Service{repo: repo}
+}
+
+func (s *Service) RegisterUser(ctx context.Context, email string) (*User, error) {
+    user := &User{
+        ID:        generateID(),
+        Email:     email,
+        CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+    }
+    return user, s.repo.Create(ctx, user)
+}
+```
+
+## Multi-Module Repository (Monorepo)
+
+```
+monorepo/
+├── go.work              # Workspace file
+├── services/
+│   ├── api/
+│   │   ├── go.mod
+│   │   └── main.go
+│   └── worker/
+│       ├── go.mod
+│       └── main.go
+└── shared/
+    └── models/
+        ├── go.mod
+        └── user.go
+
+// go.work
+go 1.21
+
+use (
+    ./services/api
+    ./services/worker
+    ./shared/models
+)
+
+// Commands:
+// go work init ./services/api ./services/worker
+// go work use ./shared/models
+// go work sync
+```
+
+## Build Tags and Constraints
+
+```go
+// +build integration
+// integration_test.go
+
+package myapp
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+    // Integration test code
+}
+
+// Build: go test -tags=integration
+
+// File-level build constraints (Go 1.17+)
+//go:build linux && amd64
+
+package myapp
+
+// Multiple constraints
+//go:build linux || darwin
+//go:build amd64
+
+// Negation
+//go:build !windows
+
+// Common tags:
+// linux, darwin, windows, freebsd
+// amd64, arm64, 386, arm
+// cgo, !cgo
+```
+
+## Makefile Example
+
+```makefile
+# Makefile
+.PHONY: build test lint clean run
+
+# Variables
+BINARY_NAME=myapp
+BUILD_DIR=bin
+GO=go
+GOFLAGS=-v
+
+# Build the application
+build:
+	$(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME) ./cmd/server
+
+# Run tests
+test:
+	$(GO) test -v -race -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
+
+# Run tests with coverage report
+test-coverage: test
+	$(GO) tool cover -html=coverage.out
+
+# Run linters
+lint:
+	golangci-lint run ./...
+
+# Format code
+fmt:
+	$(GO) fmt ./...
+	goimports -w .
+
+# Run the application
+run:
+	$(GO) run ./cmd/server
+
+# Clean build artifacts
+clean:
+	rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)
+	rm -f coverage.out
+
+# Install dependencies
+deps:
+	$(GO) mod download
+	$(GO) mod tidy
+
+# Build for multiple platforms
+build-all:
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-amd64 ./cmd/server
+	GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-darwin-amd64 ./cmd/server
+	GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-windows-amd64.exe ./cmd/server
+
+# Run with race detector
+run-race:
+	$(GO) run -race ./cmd/server
+
+# Generate code
+generate:
+	$(GO) generate ./...
+
+# Docker build
+docker-build:
+	docker build -t $(BINARY_NAME):latest .
+
+# Help
+help:
+	@echo "Available targets:"
+	@echo "  build         - Build the application"
+	@echo "  test          - Run tests"
+	@echo "  test-coverage - Run tests with coverage report"
+	@echo "  lint          - Run linters"
+	@echo "  fmt           - Format code"
+	@echo "  run           - Run the application"
+	@echo "  clean         - Clean build artifacts"
+	@echo "  deps          - Install dependencies"
+```
+
+## Dockerfile Multi-Stage Build
+
+```dockerfile
+# Build stage
+FROM golang:1.21-alpine AS builder
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy go mod files
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+RUN go mod download
+
+# Copy source code
+COPY . .
+
+# Build binary
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -installsuffix cgo -o server ./cmd/server
+
+# Final stage
+FROM alpine:latest
+
+RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates
+
+WORKDIR /root/
+
+# Copy binary from builder
+COPY --from=builder /app/server .
+
+# Copy config files if needed
+COPY --from=builder /app/configs ./configs
+
+EXPOSE 8080
+
+CMD ["./server"]
+```
+
+## Version Information
+
+```go
+// version/version.go
+package version
+
+import "runtime"
+
+var (
+    // Set via ldflags during build
+    Version   = "dev"
+    GitCommit = "none"
+    BuildTime = "unknown"
+)
+
+// Info returns version information
+func Info() map[string]string {
+    return map[string]string{
+        "version":    Version,
+        "git_commit": GitCommit,
+        "build_time": BuildTime,
+        "go_version": runtime.Version(),
+        "os":         runtime.GOOS,
+        "arch":       runtime.GOARCH,
+    }
+}
+
+// Build with version info:
+// go build -ldflags "-X github.com/user/project/version.Version=1.0.0 \
+//   -X github.com/user/project/version.GitCommit=$(git rev-parse HEAD) \
+//   -X github.com/user/project/version.BuildTime=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
+```
+
+## Go Generate
+
+```go
+// models/user.go
+//go:generate mockgen -source=user.go -destination=../mocks/user_mock.go -package=mocks
+
+package models
+
+type UserRepository interface {
+    GetUser(id string) (*User, error)
+    SaveUser(user *User) error
+}
+
+// tools.go - Track tool dependencies
+//go:build tools
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+    _ "github.com/golang/mock/mockgen"
+    _ "golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer"
+)
+
+// Install tools:
+// go install github.com/golang/mock/mockgen@latest
+
+// Run generate:
+// go generate ./...
+```
+
+## Configuration Management
+
+```go
+// config/config.go
+package config
+
+import (
+    "os"
+    "time"
+
+    "github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig"
+)
+
+type Config struct {
+    Server   ServerConfig
+    Database DatabaseConfig
+    Redis    RedisConfig
+}
+
+type ServerConfig struct {
+    Host         string        `envconfig:"SERVER_HOST" default:"0.0.0.0"`
+    Port         int           `envconfig:"SERVER_PORT" default:"8080"`
+    ReadTimeout  time.Duration `envconfig:"SERVER_READ_TIMEOUT" default:"10s"`
+    WriteTimeout time.Duration `envconfig:"SERVER_WRITE_TIMEOUT" default:"10s"`
+}
+
+type DatabaseConfig struct {
+    URL          string `envconfig:"DATABASE_URL" required:"true"`
+    MaxOpenConns int    `envconfig:"DB_MAX_OPEN_CONNS" default:"25"`
+    MaxIdleConns int    `envconfig:"DB_MAX_IDLE_CONNS" default:"5"`
+}
+
+type RedisConfig struct {
+    Addr     string `envconfig:"REDIS_ADDR" default:"localhost:6379"`
+    Password string `envconfig:"REDIS_PASSWORD"`
+    DB       int    `envconfig:"REDIS_DB" default:"0"`
+}
+
+// Load loads configuration from environment
+func Load() (*Config, error) {
+    var cfg Config
+    if err := envconfig.Process("", &cfg); err != nil {
+        return nil, err
+    }
+    return &cfg, nil
+}
+```
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+| Command | Description |
+|---------|-------------|
+| `go mod init` | Initialize module |
+| `go mod tidy` | Add/remove dependencies |
+| `go mod download` | Download dependencies |
+| `go get package@version` | Add/update dependency |
+| `go build -ldflags "-X ..."` | Set version info |
+| `go generate ./...` | Run code generation |
+| `GOOS=linux go build` | Cross-compile |
+| `go work init` | Initialize workspace |