ac6502 1.0.0

package/src/components/IO/SerialCard.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+import { IO } from '../IO'
+
+/**
+ * SerialCard - Emulates a 6551 ACIA (Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter)
+ * 
+ * Register Map:
+ * $00: Data Register (read/write)
+ * $01: Status Register (read) / Programmed Reset (write)
+ * $02: Command Register (write)
+ * $03: Control Register (write)
+ */
+export class SerialCard implements IO {
+
+  raiseIRQ = () => {}
+  raiseNMI = () => {}
+  transmit?: (data: number) => void
+
+  // Registers
+  private dataRegister: number = 0
+  private statusRegister: number = 0x10  // Transmit Data Register Empty
+  private commandRegister: number = 0
+  private controlRegister: number = 0
+
+  // Buffers
+  private transmitBuffer: number[] = []
+  private receiveBuffer: number[] = []
+
+  // Status flags
+  private parityError: boolean = false
+  private framingError: boolean = false
+  private overrun: boolean = false
+  private irqFlag: boolean = false
+  private echoMode: boolean = false
+
+  // Timing
+  private cycleCounter: number = 0
+  private baudRate: number = 115200
+
+  /**
+   * Read from ACIA register
+   */
+  read(address: number): number {
+    const register = address & 0x03
+
+    switch (register) {
+      case 0x00: // Data Register
+        return this.readData()
+      
+      case 0x01: // Status Register
+        return this.readStatus()
+      
+      case 0x02: // Command Register (write-only, returns 0)
+        return 0
+      
+      case 0x03: // Control Register (write-only, returns 0)
+        return 0
+      
+      default:
+        return 0
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write to ACIA register
+   */
+  write(address: number, data: number): void {
+    const register = address & 0x03
+
+    switch (register) {
+      case 0x00: // Data Register
+        this.writeData(data)
+        break
+      
+      case 0x01: // Programmed Reset
+        this.programmedReset()
+        break
+      
+      case 0x02: // Command Register
+        this.writeCommand(data)
+        break
+      
+      case 0x03: // Control Register
+        this.writeControl(data)
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read data from receive buffer
+   */
+  private readData(): number {
+    if (this.receiveBuffer.length > 0) {
+      const data = this.receiveBuffer.shift()!
+      this.dataRegister = data
+      
+      // Update status: clear Receive Data Register Full
+      this.statusRegister &= ~0x08
+      
+      // Check for overrun if more data arrives
+      if (this.receiveBuffer.length === 0) {
+        this.overrun = false
+        this.statusRegister &= ~0x04
+      }
+
+      // Clear IRQ if receive IRQ was enabled
+      if ((this.commandRegister & 0x04) && this.receiveBuffer.length === 0) {
+        this.irqFlag = false
+        this.statusRegister &= ~0x80
+      }
+
+      return data
+    }
+    
+    return this.dataRegister
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write data to transmit buffer
+   */
+  private writeData(data: number): void {
+    this.transmitBuffer.push(data & 0xFF)
+    
+    // Clear Transmit Data Register Empty flag
+    this.statusRegister &= ~0x10
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read status register
+   */
+  private readStatus(): number {
+    let status = 0
+
+    // Bit 0: Parity Error
+    if (this.parityError) status |= 0x01
+    
+    // Bit 1: Framing Error
+    if (this.framingError) status |= 0x02
+    
+    // Bit 2: Overrun
+    if (this.overrun) status |= 0x04
+    
+    // Bit 3: Receive Data Register Full
+    if (this.receiveBuffer.length > 0) status |= 0x08
+    
+    // Bit 4: Transmit Data Register Empty
+    if (this.transmitBuffer.length === 0) status |= 0x10
+    
+    // Bit 5: Data Carrier Detect (DCD) - always clear (connected)
+    status &= ~0x20
+    
+    // Bit 6: Data Set Ready (DSR) - always set (ready)
+    status |= 0x40
+    
+    // Bit 7: Interrupt (IRQ)
+    if (this.irqFlag) status |= 0x80
+
+    this.statusRegister = status
+    return status
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write to command register
+   */
+  private writeCommand(data: number): void {
+    this.commandRegister = data & 0xFF
+
+    // Bits 0-1: DTR control
+    // const dtrControl = data & 0x03
+    
+    // Bit 2: Receive IRQ Enable
+    const receiveIRQEnabled = (data & 0x04) !== 0
+    
+    // Bits 3-4: Transmit control and IRQ enable
+    // const transmitControl = (data >> 3) & 0x03
+    
+    // Bit 5: Echo mode
+    this.echoMode = (data & 0x20) !== 0
+    
+    // Bits 6-7: Parity control
+    // const parityControl = (data >> 6) & 0x03
+
+    // Handle receive IRQ
+    if (receiveIRQEnabled && this.receiveBuffer.length > 0) {
+      this.irqFlag = true
+      this.statusRegister |= 0x80
+      this.raiseIRQ()
+    } else if (!receiveIRQEnabled) {
+      this.irqFlag = false
+      this.statusRegister &= ~0x80
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write to control register
+   */
+  private writeControl(data: number): void {
+    this.controlRegister = data & 0xFF
+
+    // Bits 0-3: Baud rate
+    const baudRateCode = data & 0x0F
+    this.baudRate = this.getBaudRate(baudRateCode)
+    
+    // Bit 4: Receiver clock source (internal/external)
+    const receiverClockSource = (data & 0x10) !== 0
+    
+    // Bits 5-6: Word length (5, 6, 7, or 8 bits)
+    const wordLength = ((data >> 5) & 0x03) + 5
+    
+    // Bit 7: Stop bits (1 or 2)
+    const stopBits = (data & 0x80) ? 2 : 1
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get baud rate from control register code
+   */
+  private getBaudRate(code: number): number {
+    const baudRates = [
+      115200,    // 0000 (actually 16x external clock, using 115200 as default)
+      50,      // 0001
+      75,      // 0010
+      110,     // 0011
+      135,     // 0100
+      150,     // 0101
+      300,     // 0110
+      600,     // 0111
+      1200,    // 1000
+      1800,    // 1001
+      2400,    // 1010
+      3600,    // 1011
+      4800,    // 1100
+      7200,    // 1101
+      9600,    // 1110
+      19200    // 1111
+    ]
+    return baudRates[code] || 115200
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Programmed reset
+   */
+  private programmedReset(): void {
+    this.statusRegister = 0x10  // Transmit Data Register Empty
+    this.parityError = false
+    this.framingError = false
+    this.overrun = false
+    this.irqFlag = false
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tick - emulate ACIA timing
+   */
+  tick(frequency: number): void {
+    this.cycleCounter++
+
+    // Calculate cycles per byte: (CPU_CLOCK / baud_rate) * bits_per_frame
+    // Assuming 10 bits per frame (1 start + 8 data + 1 stop)
+    const cyclesPerByte = Math.floor((frequency / this.baudRate) * 10)
+
+    // Simulate transmission based on actual baud rate
+    if (this.cycleCounter >= cyclesPerByte && this.transmitBuffer.length > 0) {
+      this.cycleCounter = 0
+      
+      // Transmit one byte
+      const byte = this.transmitBuffer.shift()
+      
+      if (byte !== undefined && this.transmit) {
+        this.transmit(byte)
+      }
+      
+      // Set Transmit Data Register Empty if buffer is empty
+      if (this.transmitBuffer.length === 0) {
+        this.statusRegister |= 0x10
+        
+        // Trigger transmit complete IRQ if enabled
+        if ((this.commandRegister & 0x18) === 0x08) {
+          this.irqFlag = true
+          this.statusRegister |= 0x80
+          this.raiseIRQ()
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reset the ACIA
+   */
+  reset(coldStart: boolean): void {
+    this.dataRegister = 0
+    this.statusRegister = 0x10  // Transmit Data Register Empty
+    this.commandRegister = 0
+    this.controlRegister = 0
+    
+    this.transmitBuffer = []
+    this.receiveBuffer = []
+    
+    this.parityError = false
+    this.framingError = false
+    this.overrun = false
+    this.irqFlag = false
+    this.echoMode = false
+    
+    this.cycleCounter = 0
+    this.baudRate = 115200
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Receive data from external source
+   */
+  onData(data: number): void {
+    if (this.receiveBuffer.length > 0 && (this.statusRegister & 0x08)) {
+      // Overrun condition: data arrives before previous data was read
+      this.overrun = true
+      this.statusRegister |= 0x04
+    }
+
+    this.receiveBuffer.push(data & 0xFF)
+    
+    // Set Receive Data Register Full flag
+    this.statusRegister |= 0x08
+    
+    // Trigger receive IRQ if enabled
+    if (this.commandRegister & 0x04) {
+      this.irqFlag = true
+      this.statusRegister |= 0x80
+      this.raiseIRQ()
+    }
+
+    // Echo mode: automatically transmit received data
+    if (this.echoMode) {
+      this.transmitBuffer.push(data & 0xFF)
+      // Clear Transmit Data Register Empty flag
+      this.statusRegister &= ~0x10
+    }
+  }
+}