@unikia/upe-renderer 0.0.0-stage → 0.186.110

package/examples/jsm/loaders/usd/USDCParser.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1875 @@
+const textDecoder = new TextDecoder();
+
+// Pre-computed half-float exponent lookup table for fast conversion
+// Math.pow(2, exp - 15) for exp = 0..31
+const HALF_EXPONENT_TABLE = new Float32Array( 32 );
+for ( let i = 0; i < 32; i ++ ) {
+
+	HALF_EXPONENT_TABLE[ i ] = Math.pow( 2, i - 15 );
+
+}
+
+// Pre-computed constant for denormalized half-floats: 2^-14
+const HALF_DENORM_SCALE = Math.pow( 2, - 14 );
+
+// Type enum values from crateDataTypes.h
+const TypeEnum = {
+	Invalid: 0,
+	Bool: 1,
+	UChar: 2,
+	Int: 3,
+	UInt: 4,
+	Int64: 5,
+	UInt64: 6,
+	Half: 7,
+	Float: 8,
+	Double: 9,
+	String: 10,
+	Token: 11,
+	AssetPath: 12,
+	Matrix2d: 13,
+	Matrix3d: 14,
+	Matrix4d: 15,
+	Quatd: 16,
+	Quatf: 17,
+	Quath: 18,
+	Vec2d: 19,
+	Vec2f: 20,
+	Vec2h: 21,
+	Vec2i: 22,
+	Vec3d: 23,
+	Vec3f: 24,
+	Vec3h: 25,
+	Vec3i: 26,
+	Vec4d: 27,
+	Vec4f: 28,
+	Vec4h: 29,
+	Vec4i: 30,
+	Dictionary: 31,
+	TokenListOp: 32,
+	StringListOp: 33,
+	PathListOp: 34,
+	ReferenceListOp: 35,
+	IntListOp: 36,
+	Int64ListOp: 37,
+	UIntListOp: 38,
+	UInt64ListOp: 39,
+	PathVector: 40,
+	TokenVector: 41,
+	Specifier: 42,
+	Permission: 43,
+	Variability: 44,
+	VariantSelectionMap: 45,
+	TimeSamples: 46,
+	Payload: 47,
+	DoubleVector: 48,
+	LayerOffsetVector: 49,
+	StringVector: 50,
+	ValueBlock: 51,
+	Value: 52,
+	UnregisteredValue: 53,
+	UnregisteredValueListOp: 54,
+	PayloadListOp: 55,
+	TimeCode: 56,
+	PathExpression: 57,
+	Relocates: 58,
+	Spline: 59,
+	AnimationBlock: 60
+};
+
+// Field set terminator marker
+const FIELD_SET_TERMINATOR = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+// Float compression type codes
+const FLOAT_COMPRESSION_INT = 0x69; // 'i' - compressed as integers
+const FLOAT_COMPRESSION_LUT = 0x74; // 't' - lookup table
+
+// ============================================================================
+// LZ4 Decompression (minimal implementation for USD)
+// Based on LZ4 block format specification
+// ============================================================================
+
+function lz4DecompressBlock( input, inputOffset, inputEnd, output, outputOffset, outputEnd ) {
+
+	while ( inputOffset < inputEnd ) {
+
+		// Read token
+		const token = input[ inputOffset ++ ];
+		if ( inputOffset > inputEnd ) break;
+
+		// Literal length
+		let literalLength = token >> 4;
+		if ( literalLength === 15 ) {
+
+			let b;
+			do {
+
+				if ( inputOffset >= inputEnd ) break;
+				b = input[ inputOffset ++ ];
+				literalLength += b;
+
+			} while ( b === 255 && inputOffset < inputEnd );
+
+		}
+
+		// Copy literals
+		if ( literalLength > 0 ) {
+
+			if ( inputOffset + literalLength > inputEnd ) {
+
+				literalLength = inputEnd - inputOffset;
+
+			}
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < literalLength; i ++ ) {
+
+				if ( outputOffset >= outputEnd ) break;
+				output[ outputOffset ++ ] = input[ inputOffset ++ ];
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		// Check if we're at the end (last sequence has no match)
+		if ( inputOffset >= inputEnd ) break;
+
+		// Read match offset (little-endian 16-bit)
+		if ( inputOffset + 2 > inputEnd ) break;
+		const matchOffset = input[ inputOffset ++ ] | ( input[ inputOffset ++ ] << 8 );
+
+		if ( matchOffset === 0 ) {
+
+			// Invalid offset
+			break;
+
+		}
+
+		// Match length
+		let matchLength = ( token & 0x0F ) + 4;
+		if ( matchLength === 19 ) {
+
+			let b;
+			do {
+
+				if ( inputOffset >= inputEnd ) break;
+				b = input[ inputOffset ++ ];
+				matchLength += b;
+
+			} while ( b === 255 && inputOffset < inputEnd );
+
+		}
+
+		// Copy match (byte-by-byte to handle overlapping)
+		const matchPos = outputOffset - matchOffset;
+		if ( matchPos < 0 ) {
+
+			// Invalid match position
+			break;
+
+		}
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < matchLength; i ++ ) {
+
+			if ( outputOffset >= outputEnd ) break;
+			output[ outputOffset ++ ] = output[ matchPos + i ];
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	return outputOffset;
+
+}
+
+// USD uses TfFastCompression which wraps LZ4 with chunk headers
+function decompressLZ4( input, uncompressedSize ) {
+
+	// TfFastCompression format (used by OpenUSD):
+	// Single chunk (byte 0 == 0): [0] + LZ4 data
+	// Multi chunk (byte 0 > 0): [numChunks] + [compressedSizes...] + [chunkData...]
+
+	const output = new Uint8Array( uncompressedSize );
+	const numChunks = input[ 0 ];
+
+	if ( numChunks === 0 ) {
+
+		// Single chunk - all remaining bytes are LZ4 compressed
+		lz4DecompressBlock( input, 1, input.length, output, 0, uncompressedSize );
+		return output;
+
+	} else {
+
+		// Multiple chunks - each chunk decompresses to max 65536 bytes
+		const CHUNK_SIZE = 65536;
+
+		// First, read all chunk sizes
+		let headerOffset = 1;
+		const compressedSizes = [];
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < numChunks; i ++ ) {
+
+			const size = ( input[ headerOffset ] |
+						( input[ headerOffset + 1 ] << 8 ) |
+						( input[ headerOffset + 2 ] << 16 ) |
+						( input[ headerOffset + 3 ] << 24 ) ) >>> 0;
+			compressedSizes.push( size );
+			headerOffset += 4;
+
+		}
+
+		// Decompress each chunk
+		let inputOffset = headerOffset;
+		let outputOffset = 0;
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < numChunks; i ++ ) {
+
+			const chunkCompressedSize = compressedSizes[ i ];
+			const chunkOutputSize = Math.min( CHUNK_SIZE, uncompressedSize - outputOffset );
+
+			lz4DecompressBlock(
+				input, inputOffset, inputOffset + chunkCompressedSize,
+				output, outputOffset, outputOffset + chunkOutputSize
+			);
+
+			inputOffset += chunkCompressedSize;
+			outputOffset += chunkOutputSize;
+
+		}
+
+		return output;
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Integer Decompression (USD-specific delta + variable-width encoding)
+// ============================================================================
+
+function decompressIntegers32( compressedData, numInts ) {
+
+	// First decompress with LZ4
+	const encodedSize = numInts * 4 + ( ( numInts * 2 + 7 ) >> 3 ) + 4;
+	const encoded = decompressLZ4( new Uint8Array( compressedData ), encodedSize );
+
+	// Then decode
+	return decodeIntegers32( encoded, numInts );
+
+}
+
+function decodeIntegers32( data, numInts ) {
+
+	const view = new DataView( data.buffer, data.byteOffset, data.byteLength );
+	let offset = 0;
+
+	// Read common value (signed 32-bit)
+	const commonValue = view.getInt32( offset, true );
+	offset += 4;
+
+	const numCodesBytes = ( numInts * 2 + 7 ) >> 3;
+	const codesStart = offset;
+	const vintsStart = offset + numCodesBytes;
+
+	const result = new Int32Array( numInts );
+	let prevVal = 0;
+	let codesOffset = codesStart;
+	let vintsOffset = vintsStart;
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < numInts; ) {
+
+		const codeByte = data[ codesOffset ++ ];
+
+		for ( let j = 0; j < 4 && i < numInts; j ++, i ++ ) {
+
+			const code = ( codeByte >> ( j * 2 ) ) & 3;
+			let delta = 0;
+
+			switch ( code ) {
+
+				case 0: // Common value
+					delta = commonValue;
+					break;
+				case 1: // 8-bit signed
+					delta = view.getInt8( vintsOffset );
+					vintsOffset += 1;
+					break;
+				case 2: // 16-bit signed
+					delta = view.getInt16( vintsOffset, true );
+					vintsOffset += 2;
+					break;
+				case 3: // 32-bit signed
+					delta = view.getInt32( vintsOffset, true );
+					vintsOffset += 4;
+					break;
+
+			}
+
+			prevVal += delta;
+			result[ i ] = prevVal;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	return result;
+
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Binary Reader Helper
+// ============================================================================
+
+class BinaryReader {
+
+	constructor( buffer ) {
+
+		this.buffer = buffer;
+		this.view = new DataView( buffer );
+		this.offset = 0;
+
+	}
+
+	seek( offset ) {
+
+		this.offset = offset;
+
+	}
+
+	tell() {
+
+		return this.offset;
+
+	}
+
+	readUint8() {
+
+		const value = this.view.getUint8( this.offset );
+		this.offset += 1;
+		return value;
+
+	}
+
+	readInt8() {
+
+		const value = this.view.getInt8( this.offset );
+		this.offset += 1;
+		return value;
+
+	}
+
+	readUint16() {
+
+		const value = this.view.getUint16( this.offset, true );
+		this.offset += 2;
+		return value;
+
+	}
+
+	readInt16() {
+
+		const value = this.view.getInt16( this.offset, true );
+		this.offset += 2;
+		return value;
+
+	}
+
+	readUint32() {
+
+		const value = this.view.getUint32( this.offset, true );
+		this.offset += 4;
+		return value;
+
+	}
+
+	readInt32() {
+
+		const value = this.view.getInt32( this.offset, true );
+		this.offset += 4;
+		return value;
+
+	}
+
+	readUint64() {
+
+		const lo = this.view.getUint32( this.offset, true );
+		const hi = this.view.getUint32( this.offset + 4, true );
+		this.offset += 8;
+		// For values that fit in Number, this is safe
+		return hi * 0x100000000 + lo;
+
+	}
+
+	readInt64() {
+
+		const lo = this.view.getUint32( this.offset, true );
+		const hi = this.view.getInt32( this.offset + 4, true );
+		this.offset += 8;
+		return hi * 0x100000000 + lo;
+
+	}
+
+	readFloat32() {
+
+		const value = this.view.getFloat32( this.offset, true );
+		this.offset += 4;
+		return value;
+
+	}
+
+	readFloat64() {
+
+		const value = this.view.getFloat64( this.offset, true );
+		this.offset += 8;
+		return value;
+
+	}
+
+	readBytes( length ) {
+
+		const bytes = new Uint8Array( this.buffer, this.offset, length );
+		this.offset += length;
+		return bytes;
+
+	}
+
+	readString( length ) {
+
+		const bytes = this.readBytes( length );
+		let end = 0;
+		while ( end < length && bytes[ end ] !== 0 ) end ++;
+		return textDecoder.decode( bytes.subarray( 0, end ) );
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ValueRep - 64-bit packed value representation
+// ============================================================================
+
+class ValueRep {
+
+	constructor( lo, hi ) {
+
+		this.lo = lo; // Lower 32 bits
+		this.hi = hi; // Upper 32 bits
+
+	}
+
+	get isArray() {
+
+		return ( this.hi & 0x80000000 ) !== 0;
+
+	}
+
+	get isInlined() {
+
+		return ( this.hi & 0x40000000 ) !== 0;
+
+	}
+
+	get isCompressed() {
+
+		return ( this.hi & 0x20000000 ) !== 0;
+
+	}
+
+	get typeEnum() {
+
+		return ( this.hi >> 16 ) & 0xFF;
+
+	}
+
+	get payload() {
+
+		// 48-bit payload: lo (32 bits) + hi lower 16 bits
+		// Note: JavaScript numbers are IEEE 754 doubles with 53 bits of integer precision,
+		// so 48-bit values are represented exactly without loss of precision.
+		return this.lo + ( ( this.hi & 0xFFFF ) * 0x100000000 );
+
+	}
+
+	getInlinedValue() {
+
+		// For inlined scalars, the value is in the lower 32 bits
+		return this.lo;
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// USDC Parser
+// ============================================================================
+
+class USDCParser {
+
+	/**
+	 * Parse USDC file and return raw spec data without building Three.js scene.
+	 * Used by USDComposer for unified scene composition.
+	 */
+	parseData( buffer ) {
+
+		this.buffer = buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer ? buffer : buffer.buffer;
+		this.reader = new BinaryReader( this.buffer );
+		this.version = { major: 0, minor: 0, patch: 0 };
+
+		this._conversionBuffer = new ArrayBuffer( 4 );
+		this._conversionView = new DataView( this._conversionBuffer );
+
+		this._readBootstrap();
+		this._readTOC();
+		this._readTokens();
+		this._readStrings();
+		this._readFields();
+		this._readFieldSets();
+		this._readPaths();
+		this._readSpecs();
+
+		// Build specsByPath without building scene
+		this.specsByPath = {};
+
+		for ( const spec of this.specs ) {
+
+			const path = this.paths[ spec.pathIndex ];
+			if ( ! path ) continue;
+
+			const fields = this._getFieldsForSpec( spec );
+			this.specsByPath[ path ] = { specType: spec.specType, fields };
+
+		}
+
+		return { specsByPath: this.specsByPath };
+
+	}
+
+	_readBootstrap() {
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		reader.seek( 0 );
+
+		// Read magic "PXR-USDC"
+		const magic = reader.readString( 8 );
+		if ( magic !== 'PXR-USDC' ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.USDCParser: Not a valid USDC file.' );
+
+		}
+
+		// Read version
+		this.version.major = reader.readUint8();
+		this.version.minor = reader.readUint8();
+		this.version.patch = reader.readUint8();
+		reader.readBytes( 5 ); // Skip remaining version bytes
+
+		// Read TOC offset
+		this.tocOffset = reader.readUint64();
+
+		// Skip reserved bytes (rest of 128-byte header)
+		// Already at offset 24, skip to end of bootstrap (88 bytes total for bootstrap struct)
+
+	}
+
+	_readTOC() {
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		reader.seek( this.tocOffset );
+
+		// Read number of sections
+		const numSections = reader.readUint64();
+		this.sections = {};
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < numSections; i ++ ) {
+
+			const name = reader.readString( 16 );
+			const start = reader.readUint64();
+			const size = reader.readUint64();
+
+			this.sections[ name ] = { start, size };
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readTokens() {
+
+		const section = this.sections[ 'TOKENS' ];
+		if ( ! section ) return;
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		reader.seek( section.start );
+
+		const numTokens = reader.readUint64();
+		this.tokens = [];
+
+		if ( this.version.major === 0 && this.version.minor < 4 ) {
+
+			// Uncompressed tokens (version < 0.4.0)
+			const tokensNumBytes = reader.readUint64();
+			const tokensData = reader.readBytes( tokensNumBytes );
+
+			let strStart = 0;
+			for ( let i = 0; i < numTokens; i ++ ) {
+
+				let strEnd = strStart;
+				while ( strEnd < tokensData.length && tokensData[ strEnd ] !== 0 ) strEnd ++;
+
+				this.tokens.push( textDecoder.decode( tokensData.subarray( strStart, strEnd ) ) );
+				strStart = strEnd + 1;
+
+			}
+
+		} else {
+
+			// Compressed tokens (version >= 0.4.0)
+			const uncompressedSize = reader.readUint64();
+			const compressedSize = reader.readUint64();
+			const compressedData = reader.readBytes( compressedSize );
+
+			const tokensData = decompressLZ4( compressedData, uncompressedSize );
+
+			let strStart = 0;
+			for ( let i = 0; i < numTokens; i ++ ) {
+
+				let strEnd = strStart;
+				while ( strEnd < tokensData.length && tokensData[ strEnd ] !== 0 ) strEnd ++;
+
+				this.tokens.push( textDecoder.decode( tokensData.subarray( strStart, strEnd ) ) );
+				strStart = strEnd + 1;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readStrings() {
+
+		const section = this.sections[ 'STRINGS' ];
+		if ( ! section ) {
+
+			this.strings = [];
+			return;
+
+		}
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		reader.seek( section.start );
+
+		const numStrings = reader.readUint64();
+		this.strings = [];
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < numStrings; i ++ ) {
+
+			this.strings.push( reader.readUint32() );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readFields() {
+
+		const section = this.sections[ 'FIELDS' ];
+		if ( ! section ) return;
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		reader.seek( section.start );
+
+		this.fields = [];
+
+		if ( this.version.major === 0 && this.version.minor < 4 ) {
+
+			// Uncompressed fields
+			const numFields = Math.floor( section.size / 12 ); // 4 bytes token index + 8 bytes value rep
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < numFields; i ++ ) {
+
+				const tokenIndex = reader.readUint32();
+				const repLo = reader.readUint32();
+				const repHi = reader.readUint32();
+
+				this.fields.push( {
+					tokenIndex,
+					valueRep: new ValueRep( repLo, repHi )
+				} );
+
+			}
+
+		} else {
+
+			// Compressed fields (version >= 0.4.0)
+			const numFields = reader.readUint64();
+
+			// Read compressed token indices
+			const tokenIndicesCompressedSize = reader.readUint64();
+			const tokenIndicesCompressed = reader.readBytes( tokenIndicesCompressedSize );
+			const tokenIndices = decompressIntegers32(
+				tokenIndicesCompressed.buffer.slice(
+					tokenIndicesCompressed.byteOffset,
+					tokenIndicesCompressed.byteOffset + tokenIndicesCompressedSize
+				),
+				numFields
+			);
+
+			// Read compressed value reps (LZ4 only, no integer encoding)
+			const repsCompressedSize = reader.readUint64();
+			const repsCompressed = reader.readBytes( repsCompressedSize );
+			const repsData = decompressLZ4( repsCompressed, numFields * 8 );
+			const repsView = new DataView( repsData.buffer, repsData.byteOffset, repsData.byteLength );
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < numFields; i ++ ) {
+
+				const repLo = repsView.getUint32( i * 8, true );
+				const repHi = repsView.getUint32( i * 8 + 4, true );
+
+				this.fields.push( {
+					tokenIndex: tokenIndices[ i ],
+					valueRep: new ValueRep( repLo, repHi )
+				} );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readFieldSets() {
+
+		const section = this.sections[ 'FIELDSETS' ];
+		if ( ! section ) return;
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		reader.seek( section.start );
+
+		this.fieldSets = [];
+
+		if ( this.version.major === 0 && this.version.minor < 4 ) {
+
+			// Uncompressed field sets
+			const numFieldSets = Math.floor( section.size / 4 );
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < numFieldSets; i ++ ) {
+
+				this.fieldSets.push( reader.readUint32() );
+
+			}
+
+		} else {
+
+			// Compressed field sets
+			const numFieldSets = reader.readUint64();
+			const compressedSize = reader.readUint64();
+			const compressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize );
+
+			const indices = decompressIntegers32(
+				compressed.buffer.slice(
+					compressed.byteOffset,
+					compressed.byteOffset + compressedSize
+				),
+				numFieldSets
+			);
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < numFieldSets; i ++ ) {
+
+				this.fieldSets.push( indices[ i ] );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readPaths() {
+
+		const section = this.sections[ 'PATHS' ];
+		if ( ! section ) return;
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		reader.seek( section.start );
+
+		const numPaths = reader.readUint64();
+		this.paths = new Array( numPaths ).fill( '' );
+
+		if ( this.version.major === 0 && this.version.minor < 4 ) {
+
+			// Uncompressed paths - recursive tree structure
+			this._readPathsRecursive( '' );
+
+		} else {
+
+			// Compressed paths (version >= 0.4.0)
+			// Note: numPaths is stored twice - once for array sizing, once in compressed paths section
+			reader.readUint64(); // Read duplicate numPaths value (matches numPaths above)
+
+			const compressedSize1 = reader.readUint64();
+			const pathIndicesCompressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize1 );
+			const pathIndices = decompressIntegers32(
+				pathIndicesCompressed.buffer.slice(
+					pathIndicesCompressed.byteOffset,
+					pathIndicesCompressed.byteOffset + compressedSize1
+				),
+				numPaths
+			);
+
+			const compressedSize2 = reader.readUint64();
+			const elementTokenIndicesCompressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize2 );
+			const elementTokenIndices = decompressIntegers32(
+				elementTokenIndicesCompressed.buffer.slice(
+					elementTokenIndicesCompressed.byteOffset,
+					elementTokenIndicesCompressed.byteOffset + compressedSize2
+				),
+				numPaths
+			);
+
+			const compressedSize3 = reader.readUint64();
+			const jumpsCompressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize3 );
+			const jumps = decompressIntegers32(
+				jumpsCompressed.buffer.slice(
+					jumpsCompressed.byteOffset,
+					jumpsCompressed.byteOffset + compressedSize3
+				),
+				numPaths
+			);
+
+			// Build paths from compressed data
+			this._buildPathsFromCompressed( pathIndices, elementTokenIndices, jumps );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readPathsRecursive( parentPath, depth = 0 ) {
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+
+		// Prevent infinite recursion
+		if ( depth > 1000 ) return;
+
+		// Read path item header
+		const index = reader.readUint32();
+		const elementTokenIndex = reader.readUint32();
+		const bits = reader.readUint8();
+
+		const hasChild = ( bits & 1 ) !== 0;
+		const hasSibling = ( bits & 2 ) !== 0;
+		const isPrimProperty = ( bits & 4 ) !== 0;
+
+		// Build path
+		let path;
+		if ( parentPath === '' ) {
+
+			path = '/';
+
+		} else {
+
+			const elemToken = this.tokens[ elementTokenIndex ] || '';
+			if ( isPrimProperty ) {
+
+				path = parentPath + '.' + elemToken;
+
+			} else {
+
+				path = parentPath === '/' ? '/' + elemToken : parentPath + '/' + elemToken;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		this.paths[ index ] = path;
+
+		// Process children and siblings
+		if ( hasChild && hasSibling ) {
+
+			// Read sibling offset
+			const siblingOffset = reader.readUint64();
+
+			// Read child
+			this._readPathsRecursive( path, depth + 1 );
+
+			// Read sibling
+			reader.seek( siblingOffset );
+			this._readPathsRecursive( parentPath, depth + 1 );
+
+		} else if ( hasChild ) {
+
+			this._readPathsRecursive( path, depth + 1 );
+
+		} else if ( hasSibling ) {
+
+			this._readPathsRecursive( parentPath, depth + 1 );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_buildPathsFromCompressed( pathIndices, elementTokenIndices, jumps ) {
+
+		// Jump encoding from USD:
+		// 0 = only sibling (no child), next entry is sibling
+		// -1 = only child (no sibling), next entry is child
+		// -2 = leaf (no child, no sibling)
+		// >0 = has both child and sibling, value is offset to sibling
+
+		const buildPaths = ( startIndex, parentPath ) => {
+
+			let curIndex = startIndex;
+
+			while ( curIndex < pathIndices.length ) {
+
+				const thisIndex = curIndex ++;
+				const pathIndex = pathIndices[ thisIndex ];
+				const elementTokenIndex = elementTokenIndices[ thisIndex ];
+				const jump = jumps[ thisIndex ];
+
+				// Build path
+				let path;
+				if ( parentPath === '' ) {
+
+					path = '/';
+					parentPath = path;
+
+				} else {
+
+					const elemToken = this.tokens[ Math.abs( elementTokenIndex ) ] || '';
+					const isPrimProperty = elementTokenIndex < 0;
+
+					if ( isPrimProperty ) {
+
+						path = parentPath + '.' + elemToken;
+
+					} else {
+
+						path = parentPath === '/' ? '/' + elemToken : parentPath + '/' + elemToken;
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				this.paths[ pathIndex ] = path;
+
+				// Determine children and siblings
+				const hasChild = jump > 0 || jump === - 1;
+				const hasSibling = jump >= 0;
+
+				if ( hasChild ) {
+
+					if ( hasSibling ) {
+
+						// Has both child and sibling
+						// Recursively process sibling subtree
+						const siblingIndex = thisIndex + jump;
+						buildPaths( siblingIndex, parentPath );
+
+					}
+
+					// Child is next entry, continue with new parent path
+					parentPath = path;
+
+				} else if ( hasSibling ) {
+
+					// Only sibling, next entry is sibling with same parent
+					// Just continue loop with curIndex and same parentPath
+
+				} else {
+
+					// Leaf node, exit loop
+					break;
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		};
+
+		buildPaths( 0, '' );
+
+	}
+
+	_readSpecs() {
+
+		const section = this.sections[ 'SPECS' ];
+		if ( ! section ) return;
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		reader.seek( section.start );
+
+		this.specs = [];
+
+		if ( this.version.major === 0 && this.version.minor < 4 ) {
+
+			// Uncompressed specs
+			// Each spec: pathIndex (4), fieldSetIndex (4), specType (4) = 12 bytes
+			// For version 0.0.1 there may be different padding
+			const specSize = ( this.version.minor === 0 && this.version.patch === 1 ) ? 16 : 12;
+			const numSpecs = Math.floor( section.size / specSize );
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < numSpecs; i ++ ) {
+
+				const pathIndex = reader.readUint32();
+				const fieldSetIndex = reader.readUint32();
+				const specType = reader.readUint32();
+
+				if ( specSize === 16 ) reader.readUint32(); // padding
+
+				this.specs.push( { pathIndex, fieldSetIndex, specType } );
+
+			}
+
+		} else {
+
+			// Compressed specs
+			const numSpecs = reader.readUint64();
+
+			const compressedSize1 = reader.readUint64();
+			const pathIndicesCompressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize1 );
+			const pathIndices = decompressIntegers32(
+				pathIndicesCompressed.buffer.slice(
+					pathIndicesCompressed.byteOffset,
+					pathIndicesCompressed.byteOffset + compressedSize1
+				),
+				numSpecs
+			);
+
+			const compressedSize2 = reader.readUint64();
+			const fieldSetIndicesCompressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize2 );
+			const fieldSetIndices = decompressIntegers32(
+				fieldSetIndicesCompressed.buffer.slice(
+					fieldSetIndicesCompressed.byteOffset,
+					fieldSetIndicesCompressed.byteOffset + compressedSize2
+				),
+				numSpecs
+			);
+
+			const compressedSize3 = reader.readUint64();
+			const specTypesCompressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize3 );
+			const specTypes = decompressIntegers32(
+				specTypesCompressed.buffer.slice(
+					specTypesCompressed.byteOffset,
+					specTypesCompressed.byteOffset + compressedSize3
+				),
+				numSpecs
+			);
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < numSpecs; i ++ ) {
+
+				this.specs.push( {
+					pathIndex: pathIndices[ i ],
+					fieldSetIndex: fieldSetIndices[ i ],
+					specType: specTypes[ i ]
+				} );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	// ========================================================================
+	// Value Reading
+	// ========================================================================
+
+	_readValue( valueRep ) {
+
+		const type = valueRep.typeEnum;
+		const isArray = valueRep.isArray;
+		const isInlined = valueRep.isInlined;
+
+		// Handle TimeSamples specially - they have their own format
+		if ( type === TypeEnum.TimeSamples ) {
+
+			return this._readTimeSamples( valueRep );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( isInlined ) {
+
+			return this._readInlinedValue( valueRep );
+
+		}
+
+		// Seek to payload offset and read value
+		const offset = valueRep.payload;
+		if ( offset === 0 && isArray ) {
+
+			// Spec 16.3.9.3: Array payload 0 is an explicit empty-array sentinel.
+			return [];
+
+		}
+
+		if ( offset < 0 || offset >= this.buffer.byteLength ) {
+
+			throw new RangeError( 'USDCParser: Invalid payload offset ' + offset + ' for type ' + type + '.' );
+
+		}
+
+		const savedOffset = this.reader.tell();
+		this.reader.seek( offset );
+
+		let value;
+
+		if ( isArray ) {
+
+			value = this._readArrayValue( valueRep );
+
+		} else {
+
+			value = this._readScalarValue( type );
+
+		}
+
+		this.reader.seek( savedOffset );
+		return value;
+
+	}
+
+	_readInlinedValue( valueRep ) {
+
+		const type = valueRep.typeEnum;
+		const payload = valueRep.getInlinedValue();
+		const view = this._conversionView;
+
+		switch ( type ) {
+
+			case TypeEnum.Bool:
+				return payload !== 0;
+			case TypeEnum.UChar:
+				return payload & 0xFF;
+			case TypeEnum.Int:
+			case TypeEnum.UInt:
+				return payload;
+			case TypeEnum.Float: {
+
+				view.setUint32( 0, payload, true );
+				return view.getFloat32( 0, true );
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Double: {
+
+				// When a double is inlined, it's stored as float32 bits in the payload
+				view.setUint32( 0, payload, true );
+				return view.getFloat32( 0, true );
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Token:
+				return this.tokens[ payload ] || '';
+			case TypeEnum.String:
+				return this.tokens[ this.strings[ payload ] ] || '';
+			case TypeEnum.AssetPath:
+				return this.tokens[ payload ] || '';
+			case TypeEnum.Specifier:
+				return payload; // 0=def, 1=over, 2=class
+			case TypeEnum.Permission:
+			case TypeEnum.Variability:
+				return payload;
+
+			// Vec2h: Two half-floats fit in 4 bytes, stored directly
+			case TypeEnum.Vec2h: {
+
+				view.setUint32( 0, payload, true );
+				return [ this._halfToFloat( view.getUint16( 0, true ) ), this._halfToFloat( view.getUint16( 2, true ) ) ];
+
+			}
+
+			// Inlined vectors that don't fit in 4 bytes are encoded as signed 8-bit integers
+			// Vec2f = 8 bytes (2x float32), Vec3f = 12 bytes, Vec4f = 16 bytes, etc.
+			case TypeEnum.Vec2f:
+			case TypeEnum.Vec2i: {
+
+				view.setUint32( 0, payload, true );
+				return [ view.getInt8( 0 ), view.getInt8( 1 ) ];
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Vec3f:
+			case TypeEnum.Vec3i: {
+
+				view.setUint32( 0, payload, true );
+				return [ view.getInt8( 0 ), view.getInt8( 1 ), view.getInt8( 2 ) ];
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Vec4f:
+			case TypeEnum.Vec4i: {
+
+				view.setUint32( 0, payload, true );
+				return [ view.getInt8( 0 ), view.getInt8( 1 ), view.getInt8( 2 ), view.getInt8( 3 ) ];
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Matrix2d: {
+
+				// Inlined Matrix2d stores diagonal values as 2 signed int8 values
+				view.setUint32( 0, payload, true );
+				const d0 = view.getInt8( 0 ), d1 = view.getInt8( 1 );
+				return [ d0, 0, 0, d1 ];
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Matrix3d: {
+
+				// Inlined Matrix3d stores diagonal values as 3 signed int8 values
+				view.setUint32( 0, payload, true );
+				const d0 = view.getInt8( 0 ), d1 = view.getInt8( 1 ), d2 = view.getInt8( 2 );
+				return [ d0, 0, 0, 0, d1, 0, 0, 0, d2 ];
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Matrix4d: {
+
+				// Inlined Matrix4d stores diagonal values as 4 signed int8 values
+				view.setUint32( 0, payload, true );
+				const d0 = view.getInt8( 0 ), d1 = view.getInt8( 1 ), d2 = view.getInt8( 2 ), d3 = view.getInt8( 3 );
+				return [ d0, 0, 0, 0, 0, d1, 0, 0, 0, 0, d2, 0, 0, 0, 0, d3 ];
+
+			}
+
+			default:
+				return payload;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readTimeSamples( valueRep ) {
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		const offset = valueRep.payload;
+		const savedOffset = reader.tell();
+		reader.seek( offset );
+
+		// TimeSamples format uses RELATIVE offsets (from OpenUSD _RecursiveRead):
+		// _RecursiveRead: read int64 relativeOffset at current position, then seek to start + relativeOffset
+		// After reading timesRep, continue reading from current position (after timesRep)
+		// Layout at TimeSamples location:
+		// - int64 timesOffset (relative from start of this int64)
+		// At (start + timesOffset): timesRep ValueRep, then int64 valuesOffset, then numValues + ValueReps
+
+		// Read times relative offset and resolve
+		const timesStart = reader.tell();
+		const timesRelOffset = reader.readInt64();
+		reader.seek( timesStart + timesRelOffset );
+
+		const timesRepLo = reader.readUint32();
+		const timesRepHi = reader.readUint32();
+		const timesRep = new ValueRep( timesRepLo, timesRepHi );
+
+		// Resolve times array
+		const times = this._readValue( timesRep );
+
+		// Continue reading from current position (after timesRep)
+		// The second _RecursiveRead reads from CURRENT position, not from the beginning
+		const afterTimesRep = timesStart + timesRelOffset + 8;
+		reader.seek( afterTimesRep );
+
+		// Read values relative offset
+		const valuesStart = reader.tell();
+		const valuesRelOffset = reader.readInt64();
+		reader.seek( valuesStart + valuesRelOffset );
+
+		// Read number of values
+		const numValues = reader.readUint64();
+
+		// Read all ValueReps
+		const valueReps = [];
+		for ( let i = 0; i < numValues; i ++ ) {
+
+			const repLo = reader.readUint32();
+			const repHi = reader.readUint32();
+			valueReps.push( new ValueRep( repLo, repHi ) );
+
+		}
+
+		// Resolve each value
+		const values = [];
+		for ( let i = 0; i < numValues; i ++ ) {
+
+			values.push( this._readValue( valueReps[ i ] ) );
+
+		}
+
+		reader.seek( savedOffset );
+
+		// Convert times to array if needed
+		const timesArray = times instanceof Float64Array ? Array.from( times ) : ( Array.isArray( times ) ? times : [ times ] );
+
+		return { times: timesArray, values };
+
+	}
+
+	_readScalarValue( type ) {
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+
+		switch ( type ) {
+
+			case TypeEnum.Invalid:
+				return null;
+			case TypeEnum.Bool:
+				return reader.readUint8() !== 0;
+			case TypeEnum.UChar:
+				return reader.readUint8();
+			case TypeEnum.Int:
+				return reader.readInt32();
+			case TypeEnum.UInt:
+				return reader.readUint32();
+			case TypeEnum.Int64:
+				return reader.readInt64();
+			case TypeEnum.UInt64:
+				return reader.readUint64();
+			case TypeEnum.Half:
+				return this._readHalf();
+			case TypeEnum.Float:
+				return reader.readFloat32();
+			case TypeEnum.Double:
+				return reader.readFloat64();
+			case TypeEnum.String:
+			case TypeEnum.Token: {
+
+				const index = reader.readUint32();
+				return this.tokens[ index ] || '';
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.AssetPath: {
+
+				const index = reader.readUint32();
+				return this.tokens[ index ] || '';
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Vec2f:
+				return [ reader.readFloat32(), reader.readFloat32() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Vec2d:
+				return [ reader.readFloat64(), reader.readFloat64() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Vec2i:
+				return [ reader.readInt32(), reader.readInt32() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Vec3f:
+				return [ reader.readFloat32(), reader.readFloat32(), reader.readFloat32() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Vec3d:
+				return [ reader.readFloat64(), reader.readFloat64(), reader.readFloat64() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Vec3i:
+				return [ reader.readInt32(), reader.readInt32(), reader.readInt32() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Vec4f:
+				return [ reader.readFloat32(), reader.readFloat32(), reader.readFloat32(), reader.readFloat32() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Vec4d:
+				return [ reader.readFloat64(), reader.readFloat64(), reader.readFloat64(), reader.readFloat64() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Quatf:
+				return [ reader.readFloat32(), reader.readFloat32(), reader.readFloat32(), reader.readFloat32() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Quatd:
+				return [ reader.readFloat64(), reader.readFloat64(), reader.readFloat64(), reader.readFloat64() ];
+			case TypeEnum.Matrix4d: {
+
+				const m = [];
+				for ( let i = 0; i < 16; i ++ ) m.push( reader.readFloat64() );
+				return m;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.TokenVector: {
+
+				const count = reader.readUint64();
+				const tokens = [];
+				for ( let i = 0; i < count; i ++ ) {
+
+					const index = reader.readUint32();
+					tokens.push( this.tokens[ index ] || '' );
+
+				}
+
+				return tokens;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.PathVector: {
+
+				const count = reader.readUint64();
+				const paths = [];
+				for ( let i = 0; i < count; i ++ ) {
+
+					const index = reader.readUint32();
+					paths.push( this.paths[ index ] || '' );
+
+				}
+
+				return paths;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.DoubleVector: {
+
+				// DoubleVector is a count-prefixed array of doubles
+				const count = reader.readUint64();
+				const arr = new Float64Array( count );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < count; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readFloat64();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Dictionary: {
+
+				// Dictionary format:
+				// u64 elementCount
+				// For each element: u32 keyIndex + i64 valueOffset (relative)
+				const elementCount = reader.readUint64();
+				const dict = {};
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < elementCount; i ++ ) {
+
+					const keyIdx = reader.readUint32();
+					const key = this.tokens[ keyIdx ];
+
+					// Value offset is relative to current position
+					const currentPos = reader.position;
+					const valueOffset = reader.readInt64();
+					const valuePos = currentPos + valueOffset;
+
+					// Save position, read value, restore position
+					const savedPos = reader.position;
+					reader.position = valuePos;
+
+					// Read the value representation at the offset
+					const valueRepData = reader.readUint64();
+					const valueRep = new ValueRep( valueRepData );
+
+					// Read the value based on the representation
+					let value = null;
+					if ( valueRep.isInlined ) {
+
+						value = this._readInlinedValue( valueRep );
+
+					} else if ( valueRep.isArray ) {
+
+						reader.position = valueRep.payload;
+						value = this._readArrayValue( valueRep );
+
+					} else {
+
+						reader.position = valueRep.payload;
+						value = this._readScalarValue( valueRep.typeEnum );
+
+					}
+
+					reader.position = savedPos;
+
+					if ( key !== undefined && value !== null ) {
+
+						dict[ key ] = value;
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				return dict;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.TokenListOp:
+			case TypeEnum.StringListOp:
+			case TypeEnum.IntListOp:
+			case TypeEnum.Int64ListOp:
+			case TypeEnum.UIntListOp:
+			case TypeEnum.UInt64ListOp:
+				// These complex types are not needed for geometry loading
+				// Skip them silently
+				return null;
+
+			case TypeEnum.PathListOp: {
+
+				// PathListOp format (from AOUSD Core Spec 16.3.10.25):
+				// Header byte bitmask:
+				// - bit 0 (0x01): Make Explicit (clears list)
+				// - bit 1 (0x02): Add Explicit Items
+				// - bit 2 (0x04): Add Items
+				// - bit 3 (0x08): Delete Items
+				// - bit 4 (0x10): Reorder Items
+				// - bit 5 (0x20): Prepend Items
+				// - bit 6 (0x40): Append Items
+				// Arrays follow in order: Explicit, Add, Prepend, Append, Delete, Reorder
+				// Each array: uint64 count + count * uint32 path indices
+				const flags = reader.readUint8();
+				const hasExplicitItems = ( flags & 0x02 ) !== 0;
+				const hasAddItems = ( flags & 0x04 ) !== 0;
+				const hasDeleteItems = ( flags & 0x08 ) !== 0;
+				const hasReorderItems = ( flags & 0x10 ) !== 0;
+				const hasPrependItems = ( flags & 0x20 ) !== 0;
+				const hasAppendItems = ( flags & 0x40 ) !== 0;
+
+				const readPathList = () => {
+
+					const itemCount = reader.readUint64();
+					const paths = [];
+					for ( let i = 0; i < itemCount; i ++ ) {
+
+						const pathIdx = reader.readUint32();
+						paths.push( this.paths[ pathIdx ] );
+
+					}
+
+					return paths;
+
+				};
+
+				// Read arrays in spec order: Explicit, Add, Prepend, Append, Delete, Reorder
+				let explicitPaths = null;
+				let addPaths = null;
+				let prependPaths = null;
+				let appendPaths = null;
+
+				if ( hasExplicitItems ) explicitPaths = readPathList();
+				if ( hasAddItems ) addPaths = readPathList();
+				if ( hasPrependItems ) prependPaths = readPathList();
+				if ( hasAppendItems ) appendPaths = readPathList();
+				if ( hasDeleteItems ) readPathList(); // Skip delete items
+				if ( hasReorderItems ) readPathList(); // Skip reorder items
+
+				// Return the first non-empty list (connections are typically prepended)
+				if ( prependPaths && prependPaths.length > 0 ) return prependPaths;
+				if ( explicitPaths && explicitPaths.length > 0 ) return explicitPaths;
+				if ( appendPaths && appendPaths.length > 0 ) return appendPaths;
+				if ( addPaths && addPaths.length > 0 ) return addPaths;
+
+				return null;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.VariantSelectionMap: {
+
+				const elementCount = reader.readUint64();
+				const map = {};
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < elementCount; i ++ ) {
+
+					const keyIdx = reader.readUint32();
+					const valueIdx = reader.readUint32();
+					const key = this.tokens[ this.strings[ keyIdx ] ];
+					const value = this.tokens[ this.strings[ valueIdx ] ];
+					if ( key && value ) map[ key ] = value;
+
+				}
+
+				return map;
+
+			}
+
+			default:
+				console.warn( 'USDCParser: Unsupported scalar type', type );
+				return null;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readArrayValue( valueRep ) {
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+		const type = valueRep.typeEnum;
+		const isCompressed = valueRep.isCompressed;
+
+		// Read array size
+		let size;
+		if ( this.version.major === 0 && this.version.minor < 7 ) {
+
+			size = reader.readUint32();
+
+		} else {
+
+			size = reader.readUint64();
+
+		}
+
+		if ( ! Number.isSafeInteger( size ) || size < 0 ) {
+
+			throw new RangeError( 'USDCParser: Invalid array size ' + size + ' for type ' + type + '.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( size > 0x7FFFFFFF ) {
+
+			// Crate stores counts as uint64, but JS typed arrays cannot represent all such sizes.
+			throw new RangeError( 'USDCParser: Array size ' + size + ' exceeds implementation limits.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( size === 0 ) return [];
+
+		// Handle compressed arrays
+		if ( isCompressed ) {
+
+			return this._readCompressedArray( type, size );
+
+		}
+
+		// Read uncompressed array
+		switch ( type ) {
+
+			case TypeEnum.Int: {
+
+				const arr = new Int32Array( size );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readInt32();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.UInt: {
+
+				const arr = new Uint32Array( size );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readUint32();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Float: {
+
+				const arr = new Float32Array( size );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readFloat32();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Double: {
+
+				const arr = new Float64Array( size );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readFloat64();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Vec2f: {
+
+				const arr = new Float32Array( size * 2 );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size * 2; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readFloat32();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Vec3f: {
+
+				const arr = new Float32Array( size * 3 );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size * 3; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readFloat32();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Vec4f: {
+
+				const arr = new Float32Array( size * 4 );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size * 4; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readFloat32();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Vec3h: {
+
+				// Half-precision vec3 array (used for scales in skeletal animation)
+				const arr = new Float32Array( size * 3 );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size * 3; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = this._readHalf();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Quatf: {
+
+				const arr = new Float32Array( size * 4 );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size * 4; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readFloat32();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Quath: {
+
+				// Half-precision quaternion array
+				const arr = new Float32Array( size * 4 );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size * 4; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = this._readHalf();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Matrix4d: {
+
+				// 4x4 matrix array (16 doubles per matrix, row-major)
+				const arr = new Float64Array( size * 16 );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size * 16; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = reader.readFloat64();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Token: {
+
+				const arr = [];
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) {
+
+					const index = reader.readUint32();
+					arr.push( this.tokens[ index ] || '' );
+
+				}
+
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Half: {
+
+				const arr = new Float32Array( size );
+				for ( let i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) arr[ i ] = this._readHalf();
+				return arr;
+
+			}
+
+			default:
+				console.warn( 'USDCParser: Unsupported array type', type );
+				return [];
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readCompressedArray( type, size ) {
+
+		const reader = this.reader;
+
+		switch ( type ) {
+
+			case TypeEnum.Int:
+			case TypeEnum.UInt: {
+
+				const compressedSize = reader.readUint64();
+				const compressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize );
+				return decompressIntegers32(
+					compressed.buffer.slice(
+						compressed.byteOffset,
+						compressed.byteOffset + compressedSize
+					),
+					size
+				);
+
+			}
+
+			case TypeEnum.Float: {
+
+				// Float compression: 'i' = compressed as ints, 't' = lookup table
+				const code = reader.readInt8();
+
+				if ( code === FLOAT_COMPRESSION_INT ) {
+
+					const compressedSize = reader.readUint64();
+					const compressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize );
+					const ints = decompressIntegers32(
+						compressed.buffer.slice(
+							compressed.byteOffset,
+							compressed.byteOffset + compressedSize
+						),
+						size
+					);
+					const floats = new Float32Array( size );
+					for ( let i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) floats[ i ] = ints[ i ];
+					return floats;
+
+				} else if ( code === FLOAT_COMPRESSION_LUT ) {
+
+					const lutSize = reader.readUint32();
+					const lut = new Float32Array( lutSize );
+					for ( let i = 0; i < lutSize; i ++ ) lut[ i ] = reader.readFloat32();
+
+					const compressedSize = reader.readUint64();
+					const compressed = reader.readBytes( compressedSize );
+					const indices = decompressIntegers32(
+						compressed.buffer.slice(
+							compressed.byteOffset,
+							compressed.byteOffset + compressedSize
+						),
+						size
+					);
+
+					const floats = new Float32Array( size );
+					for ( let i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) floats[ i ] = lut[ indices[ i ] ];
+					return floats;
+
+				}
+
+				console.warn( 'USDCParser: Unknown float compression code', code );
+				return new Float32Array( size );
+
+			}
+
+			default:
+				console.warn( 'USDCParser: Unsupported compressed array type', type );
+				return [];
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_readHalf() {
+
+		return this._halfToFloat( this.reader.readUint16() );
+
+	}
+
+	_halfToFloat( h ) {
+
+		const sign = ( h & 0x8000 ) >> 15;
+		const exp = ( h & 0x7C00 ) >> 10;
+		const frac = h & 0x03FF;
+
+		if ( exp === 0 ) {
+
+			// Zero or denormalized number
+			if ( frac === 0 ) {
+
+				return sign ? - 0 : 0;
+
+			}
+
+			// Denormalized: value = ±2^-14 × (frac/1024)
+			return ( sign ? - 1 : 1 ) * HALF_DENORM_SCALE * ( frac / 1024 );
+
+		} else if ( exp === 31 ) {
+
+			return frac ? NaN : ( sign ? - Infinity : Infinity );
+
+		}
+
+		return ( sign ? - 1 : 1 ) * HALF_EXPONENT_TABLE[ exp ] * ( 1 + frac / 1024 );
+
+	}
+
+	_getFieldsForSpec( spec ) {
+
+		const fields = {};
+		let fieldSetIndex = spec.fieldSetIndex;
+
+		// Field sets are terminated by FIELD_SET_TERMINATOR
+		// Limit iterations to prevent infinite loops from malformed data
+		const maxIterations = 10000;
+		let iterations = 0;
+
+		while ( fieldSetIndex < this.fieldSets.length && iterations < maxIterations ) {
+
+			const fieldIndex = this.fieldSets[ fieldSetIndex ];
+
+			// Terminator
+			if ( fieldIndex === FIELD_SET_TERMINATOR || fieldIndex === - 1 ) break;
+
+			const field = this.fields[ fieldIndex ];
+			if ( field ) {
+
+				const name = this.tokens[ field.tokenIndex ];
+				const value = this._readValue( field.valueRep );
+				fields[ name ] = value;
+
+			}
+
+			fieldSetIndex ++;
+			iterations ++;
+
+		}
+
+		return fields;
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+export { USDCParser };