@torrent-tv/proxy 2.89.6 → 2.89.8

package/services/viewer/PriorityMap.js

@@ -1,421 +1,421 @@
-/**
- * @file THE PRIORITY MAP — what one viewer needs, what all of them need
- * together, and in what order the work should be taken.
- *
- * A layer of its own, below both orchestrators and depending on nothing. It
- * knows ONLY priorities: what is downloaded is the download orchestrator's own
- * knowledge, what is encoded is the encoding orchestrator's, and neither is
- * visible from here. Both read this and recompute their own on every change.
- *
- * The shape, stated by the user 2026-09-05:
- *
- * > Usually you make a map for each viewer, then merge the maps, then decide
- * > the best way of filling it given the encoders available, where they are now
- * > and how many there are.
- *
- * Three questions, and this file answers the first two. The third — the filling
- * — belongs to whoever holds the encoders, and it is handed the merged map
- * instead of a list of windows.
- *
- * **ONE PRIORITISATION, TWO CONSUMERS.** Downloading and encoding keep
- * different STATES — made / being made / free for one; downloaded / arriving,
- * and which peers hold it at what speed, for the other — but they must agree
- * about what matters first, or the swarm fetches what the encoder will not
- * reach for another twenty minutes. That agreement is this map.
- *
- * **THE UNIT IS SECONDS OF FILM.** A map is a set of stretches with sizes and a
- * length of its own, so it needs a unit, and seconds are the only one every
- * term of the arithmetic is already stated in: encode speed is a ratio of
- * seconds to seconds, the measured allowance below which an interruption
- * reaches a viewer is seconds, the viewer's position is seconds, the film's
- * length is seconds. Bytes cannot serve — how many a second costs is not known
- * when a file is opened and is not constant across it, and a soundtrack in a
- * file of its own has bytes of its own. Segment numbers cannot serve either:
- * they exist only once a cut grid is read, and two outputs of one film number
- * differently.
- *
- * **What this file must NOT know**, and the boundary is the point: nothing about
- * containers, cut grids, pieces or bytes. Turning a stretch of seconds into the
- * bytes of one track is the container's and the track's business, by whatever
- * means suit that file — a Cues table, a sample table, or a walk when the file
- * carries neither, which is the same answer they already give in order to play
- * it at all. Getting those bytes is the downloader's business; making segments
- * out of them is the encoder's.
- */
-
-/**
- * THE MAP ITSELF: one number per second of film.
- *
- * Literally an array as long as the film, where the value at second `x` says how
- * urgently that second is wanted. Stated by the user 2026-09-06, and it replaced
- * a list of stretches each carrying two numbers.
- *
- * Two arrays rather than one, because two different questions are asked of the
- * map and only one of them can be answered by a rank:
- *
- * - `priority` orders the work. Only the ORDER between values is meaningful;
- *   the scale below says what the numbers separate;
- * - `secondsUntilPlayed` is a quantity, and it is what makes lateness
- *   computable at all: whoever fills the map compares "when is this needed"
- *   against "when would it arrive", and only the second half is theirs to work
- *   out. `Infinity` where nobody is on their way.
- *
- * @typedef {object} PriorityMap
- * @property {number} durationSeconds - The film's length, in whole seconds.
- * @property {Uint8Array} priority - One entry per second. Zero means nothing is
- *   wanted there, which happens only where nobody is watching at all.
- * @property {Float64Array} secondsUntilPlayed - One entry per second.
- * @property {Uint8Array} behind - One entry per second, 1 where the second lies
- *   behind EVERY viewer. Stated rather than worked out from the other two,
- *   because working it out means knowing this file's scale, and the consumers
- *   are in other layers. Inferred from the absence of a time, as it was, it was
- *   wrong for a stopped viewer: their whole film carries no time, so the film in
- *   front of them counted as behind them and the encoders wandered to the start
- *   of the file.
- */
-
-/**
- * A stretch of the map with one value throughout — the same facts said as a
- * range instead of as a run of equal entries.
- *
- * @typedef {object} DemandZone
- * @property {number} from - First second, inclusive.
- * @property {number} to - Last second, exclusive.
- * @property {number} priority
- * @property {number} withinSeconds
- * @property {boolean} behind - Whether this lies behind every viewer.
- */
-
-/**
- * THE SCALE. Three bands, and the order between them is the whole of what the
- * numbers claim.
- *
- * 1. IN FRONT OF SOMEBODY WHO IS WATCHING — the top value at the second they
- *    are about to see, falling as the film gets further from them;
- * 2. IN FRONT OF SOMEBODY WHO HAS STOPPED — the same shape, and every value of
- *    it below every value of band 1. A stopped viewer will watch this film when
- *    they press play, so it is still in front of them; nobody is waiting for it
- *    now, so it yields to anybody who is;
- * 3. BEHIND EVERYBODY — reachable only by a seek back, and nothing measures how
- *    likely that is, so it is one value rather than a shape.
- *
- * IN FRONT ALWAYS OUTRANKS BEHIND, at any distance and whoever is stopped. The
- * bands make that true by construction rather than by a comparison somebody has
- * to remember to write.
- *
- * The values inside a band are AN ENCODING OF AN ORDER, not a measurement:
- * every consumer asks only which of two seconds comes first, so any strictly
- * decreasing shape does the same work, and none of these numbers claims
- * anything about the world.
- */
-export const AT_A_WATCHING_VIEWER = 100;
-const WATCHING_FLOOR = 70;
-const AT_A_STOPPED_VIEWER = 69;
-const STOPPED_FLOOR = 39;
-
-/** Behind everybody. */
-export const NOBODY_IS_COMING = 1;
-
-/** Nothing is wanted here at all. */
-const NOTHING = 0;
-
-/**
- * Does this value mean "behind every viewer"?
- *
- * A read of the scale, so that nobody has to infer the side from the absence of
- * a deadline. Inferred that way it was wrong for a stopped viewer, whose whole
- * film carries no deadline: the film in front of them then counted as behind
- * them, and the encoders were free to wander to the start of the file.
- *
- * @param {number} priority
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-export function isBehindEverybody(priority) {
-  return priority <= NOBODY_IS_COMING;
-}
-
-/**
- * Is this second the one a viewer is about to watch?
- *
- * The top step of the watching band: the film under their feet and the measured
- * allowance in front of it, which is the depth below which an interruption
- * reaches them.
- *
- * @param {number} priority
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-export function isAtAWatchingViewer(priority) {
-  return priority >= AT_A_WATCHING_VIEWER;
-}
-
-/**
- * Is this second in front of somebody who has STOPPED, and of nobody who is
- * watching?
- *
- * Wanted, and wanted after everything anybody is walking towards: they will see
- * it when they press play, and nothing here knows when that is.
- *
- * @param {number} priority
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-export function isNobodyComingNow(priority) {
-  return priority > NOBODY_IS_COMING && priority <= AT_A_STOPPED_VIEWER;
-}
-
-/**
- * How far into its band a second sits, given its distance from the viewer.
- *
- * The step doubles: near the viewer the difference between now and ten seconds
- * away decides what is made first, while twenty minutes out the difference
- * between twenty and twenty-one minutes changes nothing. The first step is the
- * MEASURED allowance for this file on this swarm — the depth below which an
- * interruption reaches the viewer — so how finely the map divides comes from a
- * measurement rather than from a number chosen here.
- *
- * @param {number} distanceSeconds
- * @param {number} allowanceSeconds
- * @returns {number} Zero at the viewer, growing with distance.
- */
-function stepsAway(distanceSeconds, allowanceSeconds) {
-  if (!(distanceSeconds > 0)) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return Math.floor(Math.log2(1 + distanceSeconds / allowanceSeconds));
-}
-
-/**
- * An empty map of the right length: nothing wanted anywhere.
- *
- * @param {number} durationSeconds
- * @returns {PriorityMap}
- */
-export function emptyMap(durationSeconds) {
-  const seconds = Number.isFinite(durationSeconds) && durationSeconds > 0
-    ? Math.ceil(durationSeconds)
-    : 0;
-  return {
-    durationSeconds: seconds,
-    priority: new Uint8Array(seconds),
-    secondsUntilPlayed: new Float64Array(seconds).fill(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY),
-    behind: new Uint8Array(seconds).fill(1)
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * One viewer's map.
- *
- * **The number is a reading of how soon they will be there.** A viewer watching
- * forward reaches second `x` after `x - p` seconds of film. That distance — not
- * a clock time — is what the value is derived from, and it is why two viewers
- * can be compared at all: the nearer one wins the second they both want.
- *
- * **A pause removes the time, not the direction.** A stopped viewer is still
- * standing somewhere, and the film in front of them is still the film they will
- * watch, so their map keeps its shape and moves into the band below. Collapsed
- * to one flat value over the whole film, as it was, their position disappeared
- * entirely — and with it the rule that what is in front is made first.
- *
- * **What must NOT be here**, and the boundary is the point: how fast this
- * machine encodes, how many encoders that takes, what a second weighs in bytes,
- * where a piece boundary falls, and what has already been made. Those are
- * answers the encoding and the downloading work out for themselves, from this
- * map and from what each knows about itself.
- *
- * @param {object} params
- * @param {number} params.atSeconds - Where they are watching from.
- * @param {number} params.durationSeconds - How long the film is.
- * @param {number} params.allowanceSeconds - The measured depth below which an
- *   interruption reaches this viewer. The width of the first step.
- * @param {boolean} [params.playing] - Whether the picture is moving.
- * @returns {PriorityMap}
- */
-export function mapForViewer({ atSeconds, durationSeconds, allowanceSeconds, playing = true }) {
-  const map = emptyMap(durationSeconds);
-  if (map.durationSeconds === 0) {
-    return map;
-  }
-  const at = Number.isFinite(atSeconds) && atSeconds > 0 ? Math.floor(atSeconds) : 0;
-  const allowance = Number.isFinite(allowanceSeconds) && allowanceSeconds > 0
-    ? allowanceSeconds
-    : 1;
-  const watching = playing !== false;
-  const top = watching ? AT_A_WATCHING_VIEWER : AT_A_STOPPED_VIEWER;
-  const floor = watching ? WATCHING_FLOOR : STOPPED_FLOOR;
-  for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
-    if (second < at) {
-      map.priority[second] = NOBODY_IS_COMING;
-      continue;
-    }
-    map.behind[second] = 0;
-    const distance = second - at;
-    map.priority[second] = Math.max(floor, top - stepsAway(distance, allowance));
-    // A viewer who has stopped is on their way nowhere, so there is no second by
-    // which any of this must exist. The direction survives the pause, in the
-    // priority above; the time does not, because there is none to state.
-    map.secondsUntilPlayed[second] = watching ? distance : Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-  }
-  return map;
-}
-
-/**
- * Where viewers stand, read off a map: every second whose priority rises above
- * the second before it.
- *
- * A viewer's own map is highest where they stand and falls away in front of
- * them, so in a merged map each viewer's position is a step UP — the one place
- * a value is higher than the value just behind it. A viewer standing inside the
- * stretch somebody else is walking towards adds nothing that map does not
- * already ask for, and is not a step; neither is somebody behind everybody.
- *
- * Read by whoever orders work by where people are and must not know what a
- * viewer is — the subtitle walk reads the clusters at these times first.
- *
- * @param {PriorityMap | null | undefined} map
- * @returns {number[]} Seconds, ascending.
- */
-export function viewerStartsOn(map) {
-  const starts = [];
-  if (!map || !(map.durationSeconds > 0)) {
-    return starts;
-  }
-  for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
-    const value = map.priority[second];
-    const before = second === 0 ? NOBODY_IS_COMING : map.priority[second - 1];
-    if (value > before && value > NOBODY_IS_COMING) {
-      starts.push(second);
-    }
-  }
-  return starts;
-}
-
-/**
- * Every viewer's map as one.
- *
- * The highest priority per second wins, and the soonest time: film two people
- * want is as urgent as the more urgent of them, and making it once serves both.
- * The two are taken separately on purpose — the priority is coarse, so two
- * viewers can tie on it while one is genuinely nearer, and whoever schedules
- * against the time must be given the nearer one.
- *
- * In front of ANYBODY is in front, and the third array says so directly.
- *
- * @param {PriorityMap[]} maps
- * @returns {PriorityMap}
- */
-export function mergeMaps(maps) {
-  const all = (maps ?? []).filter((map) => map && map.durationSeconds > 0);
-  if (all.length === 0) {
-    return emptyMap(0);
-  }
-  const merged = emptyMap(Math.max(...all.map((map) => map.durationSeconds)));
-  for (const map of all) {
-    for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
-      if (map.priority[second] > merged.priority[second]) {
-        merged.priority[second] = map.priority[second];
-      }
-      if (map.secondsUntilPlayed[second] < merged.secondsUntilPlayed[second]) {
-        merged.secondsUntilPlayed[second] = map.secondsUntilPlayed[second];
-      }
-      // In front of ANYBODY is in front: a stretch one viewer has passed is
-      // still the film another is walking towards.
-      if (map.behind[second] === 0) {
-        merged.behind[second] = 0;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return merged;
-}
-
-/**
- * The map as stretches: runs of seconds that agree on both numbers.
- *
- * A VIEW of the map, never a second copy of it. Consumers that work in ranges —
- * the swarm is asked for byte ranges, an encoder is given a stretch of pieces —
- * would otherwise each write this walk for themselves.
- *
- * @param {PriorityMap} map
- * @returns {DemandZone[]} Ascending, without gaps or overlaps. Seconds nobody
- *   wants are left out.
- */
-export function runsOf(map) {
-  /** @type {DemandZone[]} */
-  const runs = [];
-  if (!map || !(map.durationSeconds > 0)) {
-    return runs;
-  }
-  for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
-    const priority = map.priority[second];
-    if (priority === NOTHING) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const behind = map.behind[second] === 1;
-    const previous = runs[runs.length - 1];
-    if (
-      previous
-      && previous.to === second
-      && previous.priority === priority
-      && previous.behind === behind
-    ) {
-      previous.to = second + 1;
-      continue;
-    }
-    // THE TIME OF A STRETCH IS THE TIME OF ITS NEAR EDGE. A stretch is met at
-    // its beginning, so its beginning is when it must exist; whoever needs the
-    // time of a second inside it walks forward from there, at a second of film
-    // per second, which is the same arithmetic that put the number here.
-    //
-    // Merging on the exact time as well would merge nothing at all: the time is
-    // the distance, so it differs at every second, and the map came back as one
-    // stretch per second of film.
-    const withinSeconds = map.secondsUntilPlayed[second];
-    runs.push({
-      from: second,
-      to: second + 1,
-      priority,
-      withinSeconds,
-      behind
-    });
-  }
-  return runs;
-}
-
-/**
- * The map in the order the work is taken: most urgent first, and within one
- * priority the earliest film first — that is where somebody is stopped.
- *
- * @param {DemandZone[]} runs
- * @returns {DemandZone[]}
- */
-export function inWorkingOrder(runs) {
-  return [...(runs ?? [])].sort(
-    (left, right) => right.priority - left.priority || left.from - right.from
-  );
-}
-
-/**
- * The earliest second of film anybody is waiting on, or null when nobody is.
- *
- * WHY A SOUNDTRACK ASKS THE MAP AND NOT A VIEWER. Sound is produced for the
- * same reason a picture is — somebody is about to reach it — and the map is
- * where that is already stated, in seconds of film, merged over everybody
- * watching. Reading it from a viewer instead means the encoding layer holds a
- * person, and then every question about which person it is (the earliest of
- * two, the one on this rung, the one who has not reported yet) has to be
- * answered again in a second place. The map answers it once.
- *
- * The EARLIEST among the most urgent, because a track started at the leader's
- * position has nothing to give the viewer behind them, and the map's own order
- * — most urgent first, earliest film first within a priority — already says
- * which that is.
- *
- * @param {DemandZone[]} runs - From {@link runsOf}.
- * @returns {number | null} Seconds.
- */
-export function earliestUrgentSecond(runs) {
-  const wanted = (runs ?? []).filter((zone) => zone && !zone.behind);
-  if (wanted.length === 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const top = Math.max(...wanted.map((zone) => Number(zone.priority) || 0));
-  return Math.min(...wanted.filter((zone) => (Number(zone.priority) || 0) === top).map((zone) => zone.from));
-}
+/**
+ * @file THE PRIORITY MAP — what one viewer needs, what all of them need
+ * together, and in what order the work should be taken.
+ *
+ * A layer of its own, below both orchestrators and depending on nothing. It
+ * knows ONLY priorities: what is downloaded is the download orchestrator's own
+ * knowledge, what is encoded is the encoding orchestrator's, and neither is
+ * visible from here. Both read this and recompute their own on every change.
+ *
+ * The shape, stated by the user 2026-09-05:
+ *
+ * > Usually you make a map for each viewer, then merge the maps, then decide
+ * > the best way of filling it given the encoders available, where they are now
+ * > and how many there are.
+ *
+ * Three questions, and this file answers the first two. The third — the filling
+ * — belongs to whoever holds the encoders, and it is handed the merged map
+ * instead of a list of windows.
+ *
+ * **ONE PRIORITISATION, TWO CONSUMERS.** Downloading and encoding keep
+ * different STATES — made / being made / free for one; downloaded / arriving,
+ * and which peers hold it at what speed, for the other — but they must agree
+ * about what matters first, or the swarm fetches what the encoder will not
+ * reach for another twenty minutes. That agreement is this map.
+ *
+ * **THE UNIT IS SECONDS OF FILM.** A map is a set of stretches with sizes and a
+ * length of its own, so it needs a unit, and seconds are the only one every
+ * term of the arithmetic is already stated in: encode speed is a ratio of
+ * seconds to seconds, the measured allowance below which an interruption
+ * reaches a viewer is seconds, the viewer's position is seconds, the film's
+ * length is seconds. Bytes cannot serve — how many a second costs is not known
+ * when a file is opened and is not constant across it, and a soundtrack in a
+ * file of its own has bytes of its own. Segment numbers cannot serve either:
+ * they exist only once a cut grid is read, and two outputs of one film number
+ * differently.
+ *
+ * **What this file must NOT know**, and the boundary is the point: nothing about
+ * containers, cut grids, pieces or bytes. Turning a stretch of seconds into the
+ * bytes of one track is the container's and the track's business, by whatever
+ * means suit that file — a Cues table, a sample table, or a walk when the file
+ * carries neither, which is the same answer they already give in order to play
+ * it at all. Getting those bytes is the downloader's business; making segments
+ * out of them is the encoder's.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * THE MAP ITSELF: one number per second of film.
+ *
+ * Literally an array as long as the film, where the value at second `x` says how
+ * urgently that second is wanted. Stated by the user 2026-09-06, and it replaced
+ * a list of stretches each carrying two numbers.
+ *
+ * Two arrays rather than one, because two different questions are asked of the
+ * map and only one of them can be answered by a rank:
+ *
+ * - `priority` orders the work. Only the ORDER between values is meaningful;
+ *   the scale below says what the numbers separate;
+ * - `secondsUntilPlayed` is a quantity, and it is what makes lateness
+ *   computable at all: whoever fills the map compares "when is this needed"
+ *   against "when would it arrive", and only the second half is theirs to work
+ *   out. `Infinity` where nobody is on their way.
+ *
+ * @typedef {object} PriorityMap
+ * @property {number} durationSeconds - The film's length, in whole seconds.
+ * @property {Uint8Array} priority - One entry per second. Zero means nothing is
+ *   wanted there, which happens only where nobody is watching at all.
+ * @property {Float64Array} secondsUntilPlayed - One entry per second.
+ * @property {Uint8Array} behind - One entry per second, 1 where the second lies
+ *   behind EVERY viewer. Stated rather than worked out from the other two,
+ *   because working it out means knowing this file's scale, and the consumers
+ *   are in other layers. Inferred from the absence of a time, as it was, it was
+ *   wrong for a stopped viewer: their whole film carries no time, so the film in
+ *   front of them counted as behind them and the encoders wandered to the start
+ *   of the file.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A stretch of the map with one value throughout — the same facts said as a
+ * range instead of as a run of equal entries.
+ *
+ * @typedef {object} DemandZone
+ * @property {number} from - First second, inclusive.
+ * @property {number} to - Last second, exclusive.
+ * @property {number} priority
+ * @property {number} withinSeconds
+ * @property {boolean} behind - Whether this lies behind every viewer.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * THE SCALE. Three bands, and the order between them is the whole of what the
+ * numbers claim.
+ *
+ * 1. IN FRONT OF SOMEBODY WHO IS WATCHING — the top value at the second they
+ *    are about to see, falling as the film gets further from them;
+ * 2. IN FRONT OF SOMEBODY WHO HAS STOPPED — the same shape, and every value of
+ *    it below every value of band 1. A stopped viewer will watch this film when
+ *    they press play, so it is still in front of them; nobody is waiting for it
+ *    now, so it yields to anybody who is;
+ * 3. BEHIND EVERYBODY — reachable only by a seek back, and nothing measures how
+ *    likely that is, so it is one value rather than a shape.
+ *
+ * IN FRONT ALWAYS OUTRANKS BEHIND, at any distance and whoever is stopped. The
+ * bands make that true by construction rather than by a comparison somebody has
+ * to remember to write.
+ *
+ * The values inside a band are AN ENCODING OF AN ORDER, not a measurement:
+ * every consumer asks only which of two seconds comes first, so any strictly
+ * decreasing shape does the same work, and none of these numbers claims
+ * anything about the world.
+ */
+export const AT_A_WATCHING_VIEWER = 100;
+const WATCHING_FLOOR = 70;
+const AT_A_STOPPED_VIEWER = 69;
+const STOPPED_FLOOR = 39;
+
+/** Behind everybody. */
+export const NOBODY_IS_COMING = 1;
+
+/** Nothing is wanted here at all. */
+const NOTHING = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Does this value mean "behind every viewer"?
+ *
+ * A read of the scale, so that nobody has to infer the side from the absence of
+ * a deadline. Inferred that way it was wrong for a stopped viewer, whose whole
+ * film carries no deadline: the film in front of them then counted as behind
+ * them, and the encoders were free to wander to the start of the file.
+ *
+ * @param {number} priority
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function isBehindEverybody(priority) {
+  return priority <= NOBODY_IS_COMING;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Is this second the one a viewer is about to watch?
+ *
+ * The top step of the watching band: the film under their feet and the measured
+ * allowance in front of it, which is the depth below which an interruption
+ * reaches them.
+ *
+ * @param {number} priority
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function isAtAWatchingViewer(priority) {
+  return priority >= AT_A_WATCHING_VIEWER;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Is this second in front of somebody who has STOPPED, and of nobody who is
+ * watching?
+ *
+ * Wanted, and wanted after everything anybody is walking towards: they will see
+ * it when they press play, and nothing here knows when that is.
+ *
+ * @param {number} priority
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function isNobodyComingNow(priority) {
+  return priority > NOBODY_IS_COMING && priority <= AT_A_STOPPED_VIEWER;
+}
+
+/**
+ * How far into its band a second sits, given its distance from the viewer.
+ *
+ * The step doubles: near the viewer the difference between now and ten seconds
+ * away decides what is made first, while twenty minutes out the difference
+ * between twenty and twenty-one minutes changes nothing. The first step is the
+ * MEASURED allowance for this file on this swarm — the depth below which an
+ * interruption reaches the viewer — so how finely the map divides comes from a
+ * measurement rather than from a number chosen here.
+ *
+ * @param {number} distanceSeconds
+ * @param {number} allowanceSeconds
+ * @returns {number} Zero at the viewer, growing with distance.
+ */
+function stepsAway(distanceSeconds, allowanceSeconds) {
+  if (!(distanceSeconds > 0)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return Math.floor(Math.log2(1 + distanceSeconds / allowanceSeconds));
+}
+
+/**
+ * An empty map of the right length: nothing wanted anywhere.
+ *
+ * @param {number} durationSeconds
+ * @returns {PriorityMap}
+ */
+export function emptyMap(durationSeconds) {
+  const seconds = Number.isFinite(durationSeconds) && durationSeconds > 0
+    ? Math.ceil(durationSeconds)
+    : 0;
+  return {
+    durationSeconds: seconds,
+    priority: new Uint8Array(seconds),
+    secondsUntilPlayed: new Float64Array(seconds).fill(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY),
+    behind: new Uint8Array(seconds).fill(1)
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * One viewer's map.
+ *
+ * **The number is a reading of how soon they will be there.** A viewer watching
+ * forward reaches second `x` after `x - p` seconds of film. That distance — not
+ * a clock time — is what the value is derived from, and it is why two viewers
+ * can be compared at all: the nearer one wins the second they both want.
+ *
+ * **A pause removes the time, not the direction.** A stopped viewer is still
+ * standing somewhere, and the film in front of them is still the film they will
+ * watch, so their map keeps its shape and moves into the band below. Collapsed
+ * to one flat value over the whole film, as it was, their position disappeared
+ * entirely — and with it the rule that what is in front is made first.
+ *
+ * **What must NOT be here**, and the boundary is the point: how fast this
+ * machine encodes, how many encoders that takes, what a second weighs in bytes,
+ * where a piece boundary falls, and what has already been made. Those are
+ * answers the encoding and the downloading work out for themselves, from this
+ * map and from what each knows about itself.
+ *
+ * @param {object} params
+ * @param {number} params.atSeconds - Where they are watching from.
+ * @param {number} params.durationSeconds - How long the film is.
+ * @param {number} params.allowanceSeconds - The measured depth below which an
+ *   interruption reaches this viewer. The width of the first step.
+ * @param {boolean} [params.playing] - Whether the picture is moving.
+ * @returns {PriorityMap}
+ */
+export function mapForViewer({ atSeconds, durationSeconds, allowanceSeconds, playing = true }) {
+  const map = emptyMap(durationSeconds);
+  if (map.durationSeconds === 0) {
+    return map;
+  }
+  const at = Number.isFinite(atSeconds) && atSeconds > 0 ? Math.floor(atSeconds) : 0;
+  const allowance = Number.isFinite(allowanceSeconds) && allowanceSeconds > 0
+    ? allowanceSeconds
+    : 1;
+  const watching = playing !== false;
+  const top = watching ? AT_A_WATCHING_VIEWER : AT_A_STOPPED_VIEWER;
+  const floor = watching ? WATCHING_FLOOR : STOPPED_FLOOR;
+  for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
+    if (second < at) {
+      map.priority[second] = NOBODY_IS_COMING;
+      continue;
+    }
+    map.behind[second] = 0;
+    const distance = second - at;
+    map.priority[second] = Math.max(floor, top - stepsAway(distance, allowance));
+    // A viewer who has stopped is on their way nowhere, so there is no second by
+    // which any of this must exist. The direction survives the pause, in the
+    // priority above; the time does not, because there is none to state.
+    map.secondsUntilPlayed[second] = watching ? distance : Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+  }
+  return map;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where viewers stand, read off a map: every second whose priority rises above
+ * the second before it.
+ *
+ * A viewer's own map is highest where they stand and falls away in front of
+ * them, so in a merged map each viewer's position is a step UP — the one place
+ * a value is higher than the value just behind it. A viewer standing inside the
+ * stretch somebody else is walking towards adds nothing that map does not
+ * already ask for, and is not a step; neither is somebody behind everybody.
+ *
+ * Read by whoever orders work by where people are and must not know what a
+ * viewer is — the subtitle walk reads the clusters at these times first.
+ *
+ * @param {PriorityMap | null | undefined} map
+ * @returns {number[]} Seconds, ascending.
+ */
+export function viewerStartsOn(map) {
+  const starts = [];
+  if (!map || !(map.durationSeconds > 0)) {
+    return starts;
+  }
+  for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
+    const value = map.priority[second];
+    const before = second === 0 ? NOBODY_IS_COMING : map.priority[second - 1];
+    if (value > before && value > NOBODY_IS_COMING) {
+      starts.push(second);
+    }
+  }
+  return starts;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Every viewer's map as one.
+ *
+ * The highest priority per second wins, and the soonest time: film two people
+ * want is as urgent as the more urgent of them, and making it once serves both.
+ * The two are taken separately on purpose — the priority is coarse, so two
+ * viewers can tie on it while one is genuinely nearer, and whoever schedules
+ * against the time must be given the nearer one.
+ *
+ * In front of ANYBODY is in front, and the third array says so directly.
+ *
+ * @param {PriorityMap[]} maps
+ * @returns {PriorityMap}
+ */
+export function mergeMaps(maps) {
+  const all = (maps ?? []).filter((map) => map && map.durationSeconds > 0);
+  if (all.length === 0) {
+    return emptyMap(0);
+  }
+  const merged = emptyMap(Math.max(...all.map((map) => map.durationSeconds)));
+  for (const map of all) {
+    for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
+      if (map.priority[second] > merged.priority[second]) {
+        merged.priority[second] = map.priority[second];
+      }
+      if (map.secondsUntilPlayed[second] < merged.secondsUntilPlayed[second]) {
+        merged.secondsUntilPlayed[second] = map.secondsUntilPlayed[second];
+      }
+      // In front of ANYBODY is in front: a stretch one viewer has passed is
+      // still the film another is walking towards.
+      if (map.behind[second] === 0) {
+        merged.behind[second] = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return merged;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The map as stretches: runs of seconds that agree on both numbers.
+ *
+ * A VIEW of the map, never a second copy of it. Consumers that work in ranges —
+ * the swarm is asked for byte ranges, an encoder is given a stretch of pieces —
+ * would otherwise each write this walk for themselves.
+ *
+ * @param {PriorityMap} map
+ * @returns {DemandZone[]} Ascending, without gaps or overlaps. Seconds nobody
+ *   wants are left out.
+ */
+export function runsOf(map) {
+  /** @type {DemandZone[]} */
+  const runs = [];
+  if (!map || !(map.durationSeconds > 0)) {
+    return runs;
+  }
+  for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
+    const priority = map.priority[second];
+    if (priority === NOTHING) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const behind = map.behind[second] === 1;
+    const previous = runs[runs.length - 1];
+    if (
+      previous
+      && previous.to === second
+      && previous.priority === priority
+      && previous.behind === behind
+    ) {
+      previous.to = second + 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+    // THE TIME OF A STRETCH IS THE TIME OF ITS NEAR EDGE. A stretch is met at
+    // its beginning, so its beginning is when it must exist; whoever needs the
+    // time of a second inside it walks forward from there, at a second of film
+    // per second, which is the same arithmetic that put the number here.
+    //
+    // Merging on the exact time as well would merge nothing at all: the time is
+    // the distance, so it differs at every second, and the map came back as one
+    // stretch per second of film.
+    const withinSeconds = map.secondsUntilPlayed[second];
+    runs.push({
+      from: second,
+      to: second + 1,
+      priority,
+      withinSeconds,
+      behind
+    });
+  }
+  return runs;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The map in the order the work is taken: most urgent first, and within one
+ * priority the earliest film first — that is where somebody is stopped.
+ *
+ * @param {DemandZone[]} runs
+ * @returns {DemandZone[]}
+ */
+export function inWorkingOrder(runs) {
+  return [...(runs ?? [])].sort(
+    (left, right) => right.priority - left.priority || left.from - right.from
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * The earliest second of film anybody is waiting on, or null when nobody is.
+ *
+ * WHY A SOUNDTRACK ASKS THE MAP AND NOT A VIEWER. Sound is produced for the
+ * same reason a picture is — somebody is about to reach it — and the map is
+ * where that is already stated, in seconds of film, merged over everybody
+ * watching. Reading it from a viewer instead means the encoding layer holds a
+ * person, and then every question about which person it is (the earliest of
+ * two, the one on this rung, the one who has not reported yet) has to be
+ * answered again in a second place. The map answers it once.
+ *
+ * The EARLIEST among the most urgent, because a track started at the leader's
+ * position has nothing to give the viewer behind them, and the map's own order
+ * — most urgent first, earliest film first within a priority — already says
+ * which that is.
+ *
+ * @param {DemandZone[]} runs - From {@link runsOf}.
+ * @returns {number | null} Seconds.
+ */
+export function earliestUrgentSecond(runs) {
+  const wanted = (runs ?? []).filter((zone) => zone && !zone.behind);
+  if (wanted.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const top = Math.max(...wanted.map((zone) => Number(zone.priority) || 0));
+  return Math.min(...wanted.filter((zone) => (Number(zone.priority) || 0) === top).map((zone) => zone.from));
+}