@syllst/ja 0.1.1
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/dist/index.d.ts +80 -0
- package/dist/index.js +23 -0
- package/dist/shared.js +26 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.js +47 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +171 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +160 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +151 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +158 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +169 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +174 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +173 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-08.mdx.js +159 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-09.mdx.js +176 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-10.mdx.js +199 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/index.js +37 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +196 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +210 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +214 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +216 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +259 -0
- package/package.json +64 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +167 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +156 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +147 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +154 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +165 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +170 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +169 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +155 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-09.mdx +172 -0
- package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-10.mdx +195 -0
- package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +192 -0
- package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +206 -0
- package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +210 -0
- package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +212 -0
- package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +255 -0
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const a = `---
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type: lesson
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id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-04
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title: "Lesson 4 — Ta-row (たちつてと)"
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description: "Learn the た-row: ta, chi, tsu, te, to"
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order: 4
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parentId: japanese-hiragana
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- consonants
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- basic-characters
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 20
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prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-03]
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-recognize-ta-row
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description: "Recognize the ta-row hiragana characters"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [hiragana-ta, hiragana-chi, hiragana-tsu, hiragana-te, hiragana-to]
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- id: obj-sounds-ta-row
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description: "Map each ta-row character to its sound"
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skill: character-sound-mapping
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references: [hiragana-ta, hiragana-chi, hiragana-tsu, hiragana-te, hiragana-to]
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---
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# Lesson 4 — Ta-row (たちつてと)
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## Introduction
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In this lesson, you will learn the **た-row** (ta-gyō), the fourth row of the hiragana chart. This row has **two irregular pronunciations** to remember:
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- ち is pronounced "chi", not "ti"
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- つ is pronounced "tsu", not "tu"
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## Characters
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:::character-set{id="hiragana-ta-row" title="Hiragana Ta-row (た行)"}
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::character{id="hiragana-ta" canonicalRef="hiragana-ta" char="た" name="た (ta)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ta" data:row="ta"}
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::character{id="hiragana-chi" canonicalRef="hiragana-chi" char="ち" name="ち (chi)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="chi" data:row="ta"}
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::character{id="hiragana-tsu" canonicalRef="hiragana-tsu" char="つ" name="つ (tsu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="tsu" data:row="ta"}
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::character{id="hiragana-te" canonicalRef="hiragana-te" char="て" name="て (te)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="te" data:row="ta"}
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::character{id="hiragana-to" canonicalRef="hiragana-to" char="と" name="と (to)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="to" data:row="ta"}
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:::
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## Pronunciation Guide
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| Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
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|-----------|--------|-------|-------|
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| た | ta | /ta/ | Like "ta" in "task" |
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| ち | chi | /t͡ɕi/ | Like "chi" in "cheese" (NOT "ti") |
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| つ | tsu | /tsɯ/ | Like "tsu" in "tsunami" (NOT "tu") |
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| て | te | /te/ | Like "te" in "ten" |
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| と | to | /to/ | Like "to" in "toast" |
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**Key Points:**
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- **ち** is pronounced "chi" (like "cheese"), not "ti"
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- **つ** is pronounced "tsu" (like "tsunami"), not "tu"
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## Writing Tips
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- **た**: Has four strokes. Similar to き but with different proportions.
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- **ち**: Has two strokes forming a distinctive curved shape.
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- **つ**: Has one continuous curved stroke with a small loop, like a simplified ○.
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- **て**: Has one continuous stroke, looks like a backwards "7" with a curve.
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- **と**: Has two strokes, looks like a cursive "と".
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## Practice Words
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| Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
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|----------|--------|---------|
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| たこ | tako | octopus |
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| ちかい | chikai | near; oath |
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| つき | tsuki | moon |
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| て | te | hand |
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| とけい | tokei | clock |
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## Important Note: The "tsu" Sound
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The "tsu" sound in つ is unique and very common in Japanese. It's a single syllable combining "t" and "su" sounds. Practice saying "tsunami" - the first syllable is exactly this sound.
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## Practice Recognition
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-04-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Ta-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-ta,hiragana-chi,hiragana-tsu,hiragana-te,hiragana-to" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ta-row"}
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**Question:** Match each ta-row character to its romaji
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- た
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- ち
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- つ
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- て
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- と
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**Answer:**
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- た = ta
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- ち = chi (not "ti")
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- つ = tsu (not "tu")
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- て = te
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- と = to
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**Explanation:** The ta-row has two irregularities: ち is "chi" and つ is "tsu". These pronunciations are standard in modern Japanese.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-04-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-ta,hiragana-chi,hiragana-tsu,hiragana-te,hiragana-to" objectiveId="obj-sounds-ta-row"}
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**Question:** What sound does each character make?
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- た = ___
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- ち = ___
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- つ = ___
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- て = ___
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- と = ___
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**Answer:**
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- た = /ta/
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- ち = /t͡ɕi/ (chi)
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- つ = /tsɯ/ (tsu)
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- て = /te/
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- と = /to/
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**Explanation:** Remember ち (chi) and つ (tsu) are the irregular ones in this row.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-04-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Ta-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-ta,hiragana-chi,hiragana-tsu,hiragana-te,hiragana-to" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ta-row"}
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**Question:** Read these words
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- たこ = ___
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- つき = ___
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- ちかい = ___
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**Answer:**
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- たこ = "tako" (octopus)
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- つき = "tsuki" (moon)
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- ちかい = "chikai" (near; oath)
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**Explanation:** Make sure to pronounce ち as "chi" and つ as "tsu" when reading these words.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 5, you will learn the な-row (na, ni, nu, ne, no), which returns to regular pronunciation patterns.
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`;
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export {
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a as default
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};
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-05
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title: "Lesson 5 — Na-row (なにぬねの)"
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description: "Learn the な-row: na, ni, nu, ne, no"
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order: 5
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parentId: japanese-hiragana
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- consonants
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- basic-characters
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 20
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prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-04]
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-recognize-na-row
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description: "Recognize the na-row hiragana characters"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [hiragana-na, hiragana-ni, hiragana-nu, hiragana-ne, hiragana-no]
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- id: obj-sounds-na-row
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description: "Map each na-row character to its sound"
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skill: character-sound-mapping
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references: [hiragana-na, hiragana-ni, hiragana-nu, hiragana-ne, hiragana-no]
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---
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# Lesson 5 — Na-row (なにぬねの)
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## Introduction
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In this lesson, you will learn the **な-row** (na-gyō), the fifth row of the hiragana chart. Unlike the previous two rows, this row follows the regular pattern with no irregularities.
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The pattern: **n + vowel = na, ni, nu, ne, no**
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## Characters
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:::character-set{id="hiragana-na-row" title="Hiragana Na-row (な行)"}
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::character{id="hiragana-na" canonicalRef="hiragana-na" char="な" name="な (na)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="na" data:row="na"}
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::character{id="hiragana-ni" canonicalRef="hiragana-ni" char="に" name="に (ni)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ni" data:row="na"}
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::character{id="hiragana-nu" canonicalRef="hiragana-nu" char="ぬ" name="ぬ (nu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="nu" data:row="na"}
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::character{id="hiragana-ne" canonicalRef="hiragana-ne" char="ね" name="ね (ne)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ne" data:row="na"}
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::character{id="hiragana-no" canonicalRef="hiragana-no" char="の" name="の (no)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="no" data:row="na"}
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:::
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## Pronunciation Guide
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| Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
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|-----------|--------|-------|-------|
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| な | na | /na/ | Like "na" in "nap" |
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| に | ni | /ni/ | Like "knee" |
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| ぬ | nu | /nɯ/ | Like "new" (unrounded lips) |
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| ね | ne | /ne/ | Like "ne" in "nest" |
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| の | no | /no/ | Like "no" in "note" |
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**Good news:** All five characters in this row are pronounced exactly as you'd expect - no irregularities!
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## Writing Tips
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- **な**: Has four strokes. Similar to た but with a curved bottom section.
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- **に**: Has two simple horizontal strokes, like "二" (the number 2).
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- **ぬ**: Has two strokes forming a distinctive looped shape.
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- **ね**: Has two strokes, looks like a cursive "n" with a loop at the bottom.
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- **の**: Has one continuous circular stroke, one of the simplest hiragana to write.
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## Practice Words
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| Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
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|----------|--------|---------|
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| なつ | natsu | summer |
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| にく | niku | meat |
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| いぬ | inu | dog |
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| ねこ | neko | cat |
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| のこす | nokosu | to leave behind |
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## Common Usage Note
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**の** is one of the most frequently used characters in Japanese. It's a possessive particle, similar to "'s" in English.
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Example: わたしのねこ (watashi no neko) = "my cat" (literally: "I's cat")
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## Review: Progress So Far
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Congratulations! You've now learned 25 hiragana characters:
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- Vowels: あいうえお (5)
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- Ka-row: かきくけこ (5)
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- Sa-row: さしすせそ (5)
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- Ta-row: たちつてと (5)
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- Na-row: なにぬねの (5)
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That's more than half of the basic hiragana chart!
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## Practice Recognition
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-05-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Na-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-na,hiragana-ni,hiragana-nu,hiragana-ne,hiragana-no" objectiveId="obj-recognize-na-row"}
|
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102
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+
|
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103
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+
**Question:** Match each na-row character to its romaji
|
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104
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+
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105
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+
- な
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106
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+
- に
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107
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+
- ぬ
|
|
108
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+
- ね
|
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109
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+
- の
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110
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+
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111
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+
**Answer:**
|
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+
|
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- な = na
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- に = ni
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- ぬ = nu
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- ね = ne
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117
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- の = no
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118
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+
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119
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+
**Explanation:** The na-row follows the regular pattern - "n" consonant + each of the five vowels.
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+
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:::
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123
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-05-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-na,hiragana-ni,hiragana-nu,hiragana-ne,hiragana-no" objectiveId="obj-sounds-na-row"}
|
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124
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+
|
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125
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+
**Question:** What sound does each character make?
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- な = ___
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- に = ___
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- ぬ = ___
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130
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- ね = ___
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131
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- の = ___
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132
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+
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133
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+
**Answer:**
|
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|
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- な = /na/
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- に = /ni/
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137
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- ぬ = /nɯ/
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138
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- ね = /ne/
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139
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+
- の = /no/
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140
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+
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141
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+
**Explanation:** All five na-row characters are pronounced regularly with no exceptions.
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:::
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144
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145
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-05-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Na-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-na,hiragana-ni,hiragana-nu,hiragana-ne,hiragana-no" objectiveId="obj-recognize-na-row"}
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146
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+
|
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147
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**Question:** Read these words
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149
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- なつ = ___
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- いぬ = ___
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- ねこ = ___
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153
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**Answer:**
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- なつ = "natsu" (summer)
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- いぬ = "inu" (dog)
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157
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- ねこ = "neko" (cat)
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158
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+
|
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159
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+
**Explanation:** Two very common words here: いぬ (dog) and ねこ (cat). These are among the first words Japanese children learn.
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:::
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163
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## What's Next
|
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165
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+
Continue learning the remaining hiragana rows to complete your knowledge of this essential Japanese script. The remaining rows are: ha, ma, ya, ra, wa, and the standalone ん (n).
|
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+
`;
|
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|
+
export {
|
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+
n as default
|
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+
};
|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
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1
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const a = `---
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type: lesson
|
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3
|
+
id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-06
|
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4
|
+
title: "Lesson 6 — Ha-row (はひふへほ)"
|
|
5
|
+
description: "Learn the は-row: ha, hi, fu, he, ho — including the unique fu sound"
|
|
6
|
+
order: 6
|
|
7
|
+
parentId: japanese-hiragana
|
|
8
|
+
difficulty: beginner
|
|
9
|
+
cefrLevel: A1
|
|
10
|
+
categories:
|
|
11
|
+
- consonants
|
|
12
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+
- basic-characters
|
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13
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+
metadata:
|
|
14
|
+
estimatedTime: 20
|
|
15
|
+
prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-05]
|
|
16
|
+
learningObjectives:
|
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17
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+
- id: obj-recognize-ha-row
|
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18
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+
description: "Recognize the ha-row hiragana characters"
|
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19
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+
skill: character-recognition
|
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20
|
+
references: [hiragana-ha, hiragana-hi, hiragana-fu, hiragana-he, hiragana-ho]
|
|
21
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+
- id: obj-sounds-ha-row
|
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22
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+
description: "Map each ha-row character to its sound"
|
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23
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+
skill: character-sound-mapping
|
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24
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+
references: [hiragana-ha, hiragana-hi, hiragana-fu, hiragana-he, hiragana-ho]
|
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25
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+
---
|
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26
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+
|
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27
|
+
# Lesson 6 — Ha-row (はひふへほ)
|
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28
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+
|
|
29
|
+
## Introduction
|
|
30
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+
|
|
31
|
+
In this lesson, you will learn the **は-row** (ha-gyō), the sixth row of the hiragana chart. This row contains one of Japanese's most distinctive sounds: **ふ (fu)**, which does not behave like the other characters in the row.
|
|
32
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+
|
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33
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+
The pattern: **h + vowel = ha, hi, fu, he, ho**
|
|
34
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+
|
|
35
|
+
## Characters
|
|
36
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+
|
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37
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+
:::character-set{id="hiragana-ha-row" title="Hiragana Ha-row (は行)"}
|
|
38
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+
|
|
39
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-ha" canonicalRef="hiragana-ha" char="は" name="は (ha)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ha" data:row="ha"}
|
|
40
|
+
|
|
41
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-hi" canonicalRef="hiragana-hi" char="ひ" name="ひ (hi)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="hi" data:row="ha"}
|
|
42
|
+
|
|
43
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-fu" canonicalRef="hiragana-fu" char="ふ" name="ふ (fu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="fu" data:row="ha"}
|
|
44
|
+
|
|
45
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-he" canonicalRef="hiragana-he" char="へ" name="へ (he)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="he" data:row="ha"}
|
|
46
|
+
|
|
47
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-ho" canonicalRef="hiragana-ho" char="ほ" name="ほ (ho)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ho" data:row="ha"}
|
|
48
|
+
|
|
49
|
+
:::
|
|
50
|
+
|
|
51
|
+
## Pronunciation Guide
|
|
52
|
+
|
|
53
|
+
| Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
|
|
54
|
+
|-----------|--------|-------|-------|
|
|
55
|
+
| は | ha | /ha/ | Like "ha" in "hot" |
|
|
56
|
+
| ひ | hi | /çi/ | Like "hee" with a soft h |
|
|
57
|
+
| ふ | fu | /ɸɯ/ | Not "foo" — lips almost touch but don't round |
|
|
58
|
+
| へ | he | /he/ | Like "he" in "help" |
|
|
59
|
+
| ほ | ho | /ho/ | Like "ho" in "hope" |
|
|
60
|
+
|
|
61
|
+
## The Unusual ふ (fu)
|
|
62
|
+
|
|
63
|
+
**ふ** is the most distinctive character in this row. The romanization "fu" is an approximation — the actual sound is produced by bringing the lips very close together (nearly touching) without fully rounding them, like blowing softly on hot food. It is called a bilabial fricative /ɸ/.
|
|
64
|
+
|
|
65
|
+
Compare:
|
|
66
|
+
- English "f": upper teeth touch lower lip
|
|
67
|
+
- Japanese ふ: both lips approach each other (no teeth involved)
|
|
68
|
+
|
|
69
|
+
Many learners find that "hu" actually gets closer to the target sound when first practicing.
|
|
70
|
+
|
|
71
|
+
## Writing Tips
|
|
72
|
+
|
|
73
|
+
- **は**: Has three strokes. The left vertical stroke, a horizontal crossbar, and then the curved right portion.
|
|
74
|
+
- **ひ**: Has two strokes that form a shape somewhat like the number "7".
|
|
75
|
+
- **ふ**: Has four strokes. This is one of the busiest characters in the ha-row.
|
|
76
|
+
- **へ**: Has one simple stroke — a gentle mountain peak shape. This is one of the easiest hiragana to write.
|
|
77
|
+
- **ほ**: Has four strokes. Similar to は but with an extra curved stroke at the bottom right.
|
|
78
|
+
|
|
79
|
+
## Practice Words
|
|
80
|
+
|
|
81
|
+
| Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
|
|
82
|
+
|----------|--------|---------|
|
|
83
|
+
| はな | hana | flower / nose |
|
|
84
|
+
| ひと | hito | person |
|
|
85
|
+
| ふね | fune | boat / ship |
|
|
86
|
+
| へや | heya | room |
|
|
87
|
+
| ほん | hon | book |
|
|
88
|
+
|
|
89
|
+
## Special Note: は as a Particle
|
|
90
|
+
|
|
91
|
+
**は** has a special role in Japanese grammar. When used as a **topic marker particle**, it is pronounced "wa" (not "ha"). This is one of the most common irregular pronunciations beginners encounter.
|
|
92
|
+
|
|
93
|
+
Example: わたし**は** がくせいです。(Watashi **wa** gakusei desu.) — "I am a student."
|
|
94
|
+
|
|
95
|
+
As a particle, **は** = "wa". As the start of a word, **は** = "ha".
|
|
96
|
+
|
|
97
|
+
## Key Points
|
|
98
|
+
|
|
99
|
+
1. **ふ is unique**: No other Japanese consonant uses the bilabial fricative /ɸ/.
|
|
100
|
+
2. **は becomes wa**: When used as a grammatical particle, は is read as "wa".
|
|
101
|
+
3. **へ is the simplest**: One stroke only — easy to write and recognize.
|
|
102
|
+
4. **ほ resembles は**: They look similar; note that ほ has an additional curved element.
|
|
103
|
+
|
|
104
|
+
## Practice Recognition
|
|
105
|
+
|
|
106
|
+
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-06-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Ha-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-ha,hiragana-hi,hiragana-fu,hiragana-he,hiragana-ho" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ha-row"}
|
|
107
|
+
|
|
108
|
+
**Question:** Match each ha-row character to its romaji
|
|
109
|
+
|
|
110
|
+
- は
|
|
111
|
+
- ひ
|
|
112
|
+
- ふ
|
|
113
|
+
- へ
|
|
114
|
+
- ほ
|
|
115
|
+
|
|
116
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
117
|
+
|
|
118
|
+
- は = ha
|
|
119
|
+
- ひ = hi
|
|
120
|
+
- ふ = fu
|
|
121
|
+
- へ = he
|
|
122
|
+
- ほ = ho
|
|
123
|
+
|
|
124
|
+
**Explanation:** The ha-row follows the h + vowel pattern except for ふ, which uses the bilabial fricative sound rather than a true "hu."
|
|
125
|
+
|
|
126
|
+
:::
|
|
127
|
+
|
|
128
|
+
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-06-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-ha,hiragana-hi,hiragana-fu,hiragana-he,hiragana-ho" objectiveId="obj-sounds-ha-row"}
|
|
129
|
+
|
|
130
|
+
**Question:** What sound does each character make?
|
|
131
|
+
|
|
132
|
+
- は = ___
|
|
133
|
+
- ひ = ___
|
|
134
|
+
- ふ = ___
|
|
135
|
+
- へ = ___
|
|
136
|
+
- ほ = ___
|
|
137
|
+
|
|
138
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
139
|
+
|
|
140
|
+
- は = /ha/
|
|
141
|
+
- ひ = /çi/
|
|
142
|
+
- ふ = /ɸɯ/ (bilabial fricative, romanized as "fu")
|
|
143
|
+
- へ = /he/
|
|
144
|
+
- ほ = /ho/
|
|
145
|
+
|
|
146
|
+
**Explanation:** ふ is the irregular member — it uses a bilabial fricative /ɸ/ rather than the /h/ used by its row-mates.
|
|
147
|
+
|
|
148
|
+
:::
|
|
149
|
+
|
|
150
|
+
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-06-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Ha-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-ha,hiragana-fu,hiragana-ho" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ha-row"}
|
|
151
|
+
|
|
152
|
+
**Question:** Read these words
|
|
153
|
+
|
|
154
|
+
- はな = ___
|
|
155
|
+
- ふね = ___
|
|
156
|
+
- ほん = ___
|
|
157
|
+
|
|
158
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
159
|
+
|
|
160
|
+
- はな = "hana" (flower / nose)
|
|
161
|
+
- ふね = "fune" (boat)
|
|
162
|
+
- ほん = "hon" (book)
|
|
163
|
+
|
|
164
|
+
**Explanation:** ほん (book) is an extremely common word in Japanese — you will see it constantly.
|
|
165
|
+
|
|
166
|
+
:::
|
|
167
|
+
|
|
168
|
+
## What's Next
|
|
169
|
+
|
|
170
|
+
In Lesson 7, you will learn the **ま-row** (ma, mi, mu, me, mo), which is one of the most regular rows in hiragana with no pronunciation irregularities.
|
|
171
|
+
`;
|
|
172
|
+
export {
|
|
173
|
+
a as default
|
|
174
|
+
};
|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
|
|
|
1
|
+
const a = `---
|
|
2
|
+
type: lesson
|
|
3
|
+
id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-07
|
|
4
|
+
title: "Lesson 7 — Ma-row (まみむめも)"
|
|
5
|
+
description: "Learn the ま-row: ma, mi, mu, me, mo — a fully regular row"
|
|
6
|
+
order: 7
|
|
7
|
+
parentId: japanese-hiragana
|
|
8
|
+
difficulty: beginner
|
|
9
|
+
cefrLevel: A1
|
|
10
|
+
categories:
|
|
11
|
+
- consonants
|
|
12
|
+
- basic-characters
|
|
13
|
+
metadata:
|
|
14
|
+
estimatedTime: 20
|
|
15
|
+
prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-06]
|
|
16
|
+
learningObjectives:
|
|
17
|
+
- id: obj-recognize-ma-row
|
|
18
|
+
description: "Recognize the ma-row hiragana characters"
|
|
19
|
+
skill: character-recognition
|
|
20
|
+
references: [hiragana-ma, hiragana-mi, hiragana-mu, hiragana-me, hiragana-mo]
|
|
21
|
+
- id: obj-sounds-ma-row
|
|
22
|
+
description: "Map each ma-row character to its sound"
|
|
23
|
+
skill: character-sound-mapping
|
|
24
|
+
references: [hiragana-ma, hiragana-mi, hiragana-mu, hiragana-me, hiragana-mo]
|
|
25
|
+
---
|
|
26
|
+
|
|
27
|
+
# Lesson 7 — Ma-row (まみむめも)
|
|
28
|
+
|
|
29
|
+
## Introduction
|
|
30
|
+
|
|
31
|
+
In this lesson, you will learn the **ま-row** (ma-gyō), the seventh row of the hiragana chart. This is one of the most straightforward rows — the "m" consonant combines with each vowel in a perfectly regular pattern with no surprises.
|
|
32
|
+
|
|
33
|
+
The pattern: **m + vowel = ma, mi, mu, me, mo**
|
|
34
|
+
|
|
35
|
+
## Characters
|
|
36
|
+
|
|
37
|
+
:::character-set{id="hiragana-ma-row" title="Hiragana Ma-row (ま行)"}
|
|
38
|
+
|
|
39
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-ma" canonicalRef="hiragana-ma" char="ま" name="ま (ma)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ma" data:row="ma"}
|
|
40
|
+
|
|
41
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-mi" canonicalRef="hiragana-mi" char="み" name="み (mi)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="mi" data:row="ma"}
|
|
42
|
+
|
|
43
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-mu" canonicalRef="hiragana-mu" char="む" name="む (mu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="mu" data:row="ma"}
|
|
44
|
+
|
|
45
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-me" canonicalRef="hiragana-me" char="め" name="め (me)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="me" data:row="ma"}
|
|
46
|
+
|
|
47
|
+
::character{id="hiragana-mo" canonicalRef="hiragana-mo" char="も" name="も (mo)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="mo" data:row="ma"}
|
|
48
|
+
|
|
49
|
+
:::
|
|
50
|
+
|
|
51
|
+
## Pronunciation Guide
|
|
52
|
+
|
|
53
|
+
| Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
|
|
54
|
+
|-----------|--------|-------|-------|
|
|
55
|
+
| ま | ma | /ma/ | Like "ma" in "mama" |
|
|
56
|
+
| み | mi | /mi/ | Like "me" in "meet" |
|
|
57
|
+
| む | mu | /mɯ/ | Like "moo" (unrounded lips) |
|
|
58
|
+
| め | me | /me/ | Like "me" in "men" |
|
|
59
|
+
| も | mo | /mo/ | Like "mo" in "more" |
|
|
60
|
+
|
|
61
|
+
All five characters are completely regular. The "m" nasal consonant simply combines with each Japanese vowel.
|
|
62
|
+
|
|
63
|
+
## Writing Tips
|
|
64
|
+
|
|
65
|
+
- **ま**: Has three strokes. The first is a small horizontal stroke at the top, followed by a vertical stroke with a curve, and then a final crossing stroke.
|
|
66
|
+
- **み**: Has two strokes with a looping shape on the right side.
|
|
67
|
+
- **む**: Has two strokes. Has a distinctive hook and loop shape, somewhat like a stylized fish or the number "6".
|
|
68
|
+
- **め**: Has two strokes that cross, similar to め. Note its resemblance to ぬ — take care not to confuse them.
|
|
69
|
+
- **も**: Has three strokes. Similar to も in structure but with two horizontal crossbars.
|
|
70
|
+
|
|
71
|
+
## Confusable Pairs
|
|
72
|
+
|
|
73
|
+
Two pairs of characters are easy to mix up:
|
|
74
|
+
|
|
75
|
+
**め vs ぬ**: Both have crossing strokes with a loop. Look carefully at the overall shape — め has a more angular top, while ぬ is rounder.
|
|
76
|
+
|
|
77
|
+
**も vs ち**: Both have multiple strokes but め is more compact.
|
|
78
|
+
|
|
79
|
+
## Practice Words
|
|
80
|
+
|
|
81
|
+
| Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
|
|
82
|
+
|----------|--------|---------|
|
|
83
|
+
| まち | machi | town / city |
|
|
84
|
+
| みず | mizu | water |
|
|
85
|
+
| むし | mushi | insect / bug |
|
|
86
|
+
| めがね | megane | glasses |
|
|
87
|
+
| もり | mori | forest |
|
|
88
|
+
|
|
89
|
+
## Review: Progress So Far
|
|
90
|
+
|
|
91
|
+
You have now learned 35 hiragana characters:
|
|
92
|
+
|
|
93
|
+
- Vowels: あいうえお (5)
|
|
94
|
+
- Ka-row: かきくけこ (5)
|
|
95
|
+
- Sa-row: さしすせそ (5)
|
|
96
|
+
- Ta-row: たちつてと (5)
|
|
97
|
+
- Na-row: なにぬねの (5)
|
|
98
|
+
- Ha-row: はひふへほ (5)
|
|
99
|
+
- Ma-row: まみむめも (5)
|
|
100
|
+
|
|
101
|
+
Only 11 characters remain: the ya-row (3), ra-row (5), wa-row (2), and the standalone ん.
|
|
102
|
+
|
|
103
|
+
## Practice Recognition
|
|
104
|
+
|
|
105
|
+
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-07-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Ma-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-ma,hiragana-mi,hiragana-mu,hiragana-me,hiragana-mo" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ma-row"}
|
|
106
|
+
|
|
107
|
+
**Question:** Match each ma-row character to its romaji
|
|
108
|
+
|
|
109
|
+
- ま
|
|
110
|
+
- み
|
|
111
|
+
- む
|
|
112
|
+
- め
|
|
113
|
+
- も
|
|
114
|
+
|
|
115
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
116
|
+
|
|
117
|
+
- ま = ma
|
|
118
|
+
- み = mi
|
|
119
|
+
- む = mu
|
|
120
|
+
- め = me
|
|
121
|
+
- も = mo
|
|
122
|
+
|
|
123
|
+
**Explanation:** The ma-row is entirely regular — "m" consonant plus each of the five Japanese vowels. No exceptions.
|
|
124
|
+
|
|
125
|
+
:::
|
|
126
|
+
|
|
127
|
+
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-07-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-ma,hiragana-mi,hiragana-mu,hiragana-me,hiragana-mo" objectiveId="obj-sounds-ma-row"}
|
|
128
|
+
|
|
129
|
+
**Question:** What sound does each character make?
|
|
130
|
+
|
|
131
|
+
- ま = ___
|
|
132
|
+
- み = ___
|
|
133
|
+
- む = ___
|
|
134
|
+
- め = ___
|
|
135
|
+
- も = ___
|
|
136
|
+
|
|
137
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
138
|
+
|
|
139
|
+
- ま = /ma/
|
|
140
|
+
- み = /mi/
|
|
141
|
+
- む = /mɯ/
|
|
142
|
+
- め = /me/
|
|
143
|
+
- も = /mo/
|
|
144
|
+
|
|
145
|
+
**Explanation:** All ma-row sounds are completely predictable. The unrounded /ɯ/ in む is the same "u" sound you have seen in all other rows.
|
|
146
|
+
|
|
147
|
+
:::
|
|
148
|
+
|
|
149
|
+
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-07-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Ma-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-ma,hiragana-mi,hiragana-mu,hiragana-me,hiragana-mo" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ma-row"}
|
|
150
|
+
|
|
151
|
+
**Question:** Read these words
|
|
152
|
+
|
|
153
|
+
- まち = ___
|
|
154
|
+
- みず = ___
|
|
155
|
+
- もり = ___
|
|
156
|
+
|
|
157
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
158
|
+
|
|
159
|
+
- まち = "machi" (town)
|
|
160
|
+
- みず = "mizu" (water)
|
|
161
|
+
- もり = "mori" (forest)
|
|
162
|
+
|
|
163
|
+
**Explanation:** みず (water) is one of the first words most Japanese learners encounter. The combination of sounds from multiple rows you have already learned shows how quickly you can read real words.
|
|
164
|
+
|
|
165
|
+
:::
|
|
166
|
+
|
|
167
|
+
## What's Next
|
|
168
|
+
|
|
169
|
+
In Lesson 8, you will learn the **や-row** (ya, yu, yo), which has only three characters. You will also learn the **わ-row** (wa, wo) and the standalone nasal **ん (n)** to complete the basic hiragana chart.
|
|
170
|
+
`;
|
|
171
|
+
export {
|
|
172
|
+
a as default
|
|
173
|
+
};
|