@syllst/ja 0.1.1

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Files changed (37) hide show
  1. package/dist/index.d.ts +80 -0
  2. package/dist/index.js +23 -0
  3. package/dist/shared.js +26 -0
  4. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.d.ts +7 -0
  5. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.js +47 -0
  6. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +171 -0
  7. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +160 -0
  8. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +151 -0
  9. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +158 -0
  10. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +169 -0
  11. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +174 -0
  12. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +173 -0
  13. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-08.mdx.js +159 -0
  14. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-09.mdx.js +176 -0
  15. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-10.mdx.js +199 -0
  16. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/index.js +37 -0
  17. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +196 -0
  18. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +210 -0
  19. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +214 -0
  20. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +216 -0
  21. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +259 -0
  22. package/package.json +64 -0
  23. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +167 -0
  24. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +156 -0
  25. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +147 -0
  26. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +154 -0
  27. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +165 -0
  28. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +170 -0
  29. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +169 -0
  30. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +155 -0
  31. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-09.mdx +172 -0
  32. package/src/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-10.mdx +195 -0
  33. package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +192 -0
  34. package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +206 -0
  35. package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +210 -0
  36. package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +212 -0
  37. package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +255 -0
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
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+ const a = `---
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+ type: lesson
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+ id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-04
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+ title: "Lesson 4 — Ta-row (たちつてと)"
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+ description: "Learn the た-row: ta, chi, tsu, te, to"
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+ order: 4
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+ parentId: japanese-hiragana
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+ difficulty: beginner
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+ cefrLevel: A1
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+ categories:
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+ - consonants
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+ - basic-characters
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+ metadata:
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+ estimatedTime: 20
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+ prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-03]
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+ learningObjectives:
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+ - id: obj-recognize-ta-row
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+ description: "Recognize the ta-row hiragana characters"
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+ skill: character-recognition
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+ references: [hiragana-ta, hiragana-chi, hiragana-tsu, hiragana-te, hiragana-to]
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+ - id: obj-sounds-ta-row
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+ description: "Map each ta-row character to its sound"
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+ skill: character-sound-mapping
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+ references: [hiragana-ta, hiragana-chi, hiragana-tsu, hiragana-te, hiragana-to]
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+ ---
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+
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+ # Lesson 4 — Ta-row (たちつてと)
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+
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+ ## Introduction
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+
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+ In this lesson, you will learn the **た-row** (ta-gyō), the fourth row of the hiragana chart. This row has **two irregular pronunciations** to remember:
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+
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+ - ち is pronounced "chi", not "ti"
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+ - つ is pronounced "tsu", not "tu"
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+
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+ ## Characters
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+
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+ :::character-set{id="hiragana-ta-row" title="Hiragana Ta-row (た行)"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-ta" canonicalRef="hiragana-ta" char="た" name="た (ta)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ta" data:row="ta"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-chi" canonicalRef="hiragana-chi" char="ち" name="ち (chi)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="chi" data:row="ta"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-tsu" canonicalRef="hiragana-tsu" char="つ" name="つ (tsu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="tsu" data:row="ta"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-te" canonicalRef="hiragana-te" char="て" name="て (te)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="te" data:row="ta"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-to" canonicalRef="hiragana-to" char="と" name="と (to)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="to" data:row="ta"}
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+
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+ :::
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+
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+ ## Pronunciation Guide
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+
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+ | Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
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+ |-----------|--------|-------|-------|
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+ | た | ta | /ta/ | Like "ta" in "task" |
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+ | ち | chi | /t͡ɕi/ | Like "chi" in "cheese" (NOT "ti") |
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+ | つ | tsu | /tsɯ/ | Like "tsu" in "tsunami" (NOT "tu") |
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+ | て | te | /te/ | Like "te" in "ten" |
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+ | と | to | /to/ | Like "to" in "toast" |
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+
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+ **Key Points:**
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+ - **ち** is pronounced "chi" (like "cheese"), not "ti"
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+ - **つ** is pronounced "tsu" (like "tsunami"), not "tu"
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+
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+ ## Writing Tips
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+
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+ - **た**: Has four strokes. Similar to き but with different proportions.
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+ - **ち**: Has two strokes forming a distinctive curved shape.
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+ - **つ**: Has one continuous curved stroke with a small loop, like a simplified ○.
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+ - **て**: Has one continuous stroke, looks like a backwards "7" with a curve.
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+ - **と**: Has two strokes, looks like a cursive "と".
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+
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+ ## Practice Words
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+
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+ | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
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+ |----------|--------|---------|
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+ | たこ | tako | octopus |
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+ | ちかい | chikai | near; oath |
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+ | つき | tsuki | moon |
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+ | て | te | hand |
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+ | とけい | tokei | clock |
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+
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+ ## Important Note: The "tsu" Sound
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+
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+ The "tsu" sound in つ is unique and very common in Japanese. It's a single syllable combining "t" and "su" sounds. Practice saying "tsunami" - the first syllable is exactly this sound.
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+
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+ ## Practice Recognition
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+
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+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-04-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Ta-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-ta,hiragana-chi,hiragana-tsu,hiragana-te,hiragana-to" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ta-row"}
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+
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+ **Question:** Match each ta-row character to its romaji
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+
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+ - た
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+ - ち
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+ - つ
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+ - て
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+ - と
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+
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+ **Answer:**
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+
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+ - た = ta
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+ - ち = chi (not "ti")
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+ - つ = tsu (not "tu")
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+ - て = te
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+ - と = to
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+
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+ **Explanation:** The ta-row has two irregularities: ち is "chi" and つ is "tsu". These pronunciations are standard in modern Japanese.
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+
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+ :::
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+
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+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-04-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-ta,hiragana-chi,hiragana-tsu,hiragana-te,hiragana-to" objectiveId="obj-sounds-ta-row"}
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+
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+ **Question:** What sound does each character make?
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+
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+ - た = ___
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+ - ち = ___
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+ - つ = ___
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+ - て = ___
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+ - と = ___
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+
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+ **Answer:**
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+
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+ - た = /ta/
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+ - ち = /t͡ɕi/ (chi)
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+ - つ = /tsɯ/ (tsu)
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+ - て = /te/
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+ - と = /to/
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+
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+ **Explanation:** Remember ち (chi) and つ (tsu) are the irregular ones in this row.
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+
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+ :::
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+
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+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-04-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Ta-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-ta,hiragana-chi,hiragana-tsu,hiragana-te,hiragana-to" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ta-row"}
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+
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+ **Question:** Read these words
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+
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+ - たこ = ___
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+ - つき = ___
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+ - ちかい = ___
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+
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+ **Answer:**
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+
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+ - たこ = "tako" (octopus)
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+ - つき = "tsuki" (moon)
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+ - ちかい = "chikai" (near; oath)
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+
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+ **Explanation:** Make sure to pronounce ち as "chi" and つ as "tsu" when reading these words.
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+
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+ :::
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+
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+ ## What's Next
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+
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+ In Lesson 5, you will learn the な-row (na, ni, nu, ne, no), which returns to regular pronunciation patterns.
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+ `;
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+ export {
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+ a as default
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+ };
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+ const n = `---
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+ type: lesson
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+ id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-05
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+ title: "Lesson 5 — Na-row (なにぬねの)"
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+ description: "Learn the な-row: na, ni, nu, ne, no"
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+ order: 5
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+ parentId: japanese-hiragana
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+ difficulty: beginner
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+ cefrLevel: A1
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+ categories:
11
+ - consonants
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+ - basic-characters
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+ metadata:
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+ estimatedTime: 20
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+ prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-04]
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+ learningObjectives:
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+ - id: obj-recognize-na-row
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+ description: "Recognize the na-row hiragana characters"
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+ skill: character-recognition
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+ references: [hiragana-na, hiragana-ni, hiragana-nu, hiragana-ne, hiragana-no]
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+ - id: obj-sounds-na-row
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+ description: "Map each na-row character to its sound"
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+ skill: character-sound-mapping
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+ references: [hiragana-na, hiragana-ni, hiragana-nu, hiragana-ne, hiragana-no]
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+ ---
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+
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+ # Lesson 5 — Na-row (なにぬねの)
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+
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+ ## Introduction
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+
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+ In this lesson, you will learn the **な-row** (na-gyō), the fifth row of the hiragana chart. Unlike the previous two rows, this row follows the regular pattern with no irregularities.
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+
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+ The pattern: **n + vowel = na, ni, nu, ne, no**
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+
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+ ## Characters
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+
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+ :::character-set{id="hiragana-na-row" title="Hiragana Na-row (な行)"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-na" canonicalRef="hiragana-na" char="な" name="な (na)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="na" data:row="na"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-ni" canonicalRef="hiragana-ni" char="に" name="に (ni)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ni" data:row="na"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-nu" canonicalRef="hiragana-nu" char="ぬ" name="ぬ (nu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="nu" data:row="na"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-ne" canonicalRef="hiragana-ne" char="ね" name="ね (ne)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ne" data:row="na"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-no" canonicalRef="hiragana-no" char="の" name="の (no)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="no" data:row="na"}
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+
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+ :::
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+
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+ ## Pronunciation Guide
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+
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+ | Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
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+ |-----------|--------|-------|-------|
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+ | な | na | /na/ | Like "na" in "nap" |
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+ | に | ni | /ni/ | Like "knee" |
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+ | ぬ | nu | /nɯ/ | Like "new" (unrounded lips) |
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+ | ね | ne | /ne/ | Like "ne" in "nest" |
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+ | の | no | /no/ | Like "no" in "note" |
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+
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+ **Good news:** All five characters in this row are pronounced exactly as you'd expect - no irregularities!
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+
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+ ## Writing Tips
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+
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+ - **な**: Has four strokes. Similar to た but with a curved bottom section.
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+ - **に**: Has two simple horizontal strokes, like "二" (the number 2).
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+ - **ぬ**: Has two strokes forming a distinctive looped shape.
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+ - **ね**: Has two strokes, looks like a cursive "n" with a loop at the bottom.
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+ - **の**: Has one continuous circular stroke, one of the simplest hiragana to write.
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+
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+ ## Practice Words
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+
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+ | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
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+ |----------|--------|---------|
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+ | なつ | natsu | summer |
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+ | にく | niku | meat |
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+ | いぬ | inu | dog |
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+ | ねこ | neko | cat |
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+ | のこす | nokosu | to leave behind |
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+
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+ ## Common Usage Note
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+
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+ **の** is one of the most frequently used characters in Japanese. It's a possessive particle, similar to "'s" in English.
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+
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+ Example: わたしのねこ (watashi no neko) = "my cat" (literally: "I's cat")
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+
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+ ## Review: Progress So Far
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+
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+ Congratulations! You've now learned 25 hiragana characters:
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+
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+ - Vowels: あいうえお (5)
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+ - Ka-row: かきくけこ (5)
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+ - Sa-row: さしすせそ (5)
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+ - Ta-row: たちつてと (5)
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+ - Na-row: なにぬねの (5)
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+
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+ That's more than half of the basic hiragana chart!
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+
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+ ## Practice Recognition
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+
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+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-05-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Na-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-na,hiragana-ni,hiragana-nu,hiragana-ne,hiragana-no" objectiveId="obj-recognize-na-row"}
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+
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+ **Question:** Match each na-row character to its romaji
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+
105
+ - な
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+ - に
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+ - ぬ
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+ - ね
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+ - の
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+
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+ **Answer:**
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+
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+ - な = na
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+ - に = ni
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+ - ぬ = nu
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+ - ね = ne
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+ - の = no
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+
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+ **Explanation:** The na-row follows the regular pattern - "n" consonant + each of the five vowels.
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+
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+ :::
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+
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+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-05-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-na,hiragana-ni,hiragana-nu,hiragana-ne,hiragana-no" objectiveId="obj-sounds-na-row"}
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+
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+ **Question:** What sound does each character make?
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+
127
+ - な = ___
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+ - に = ___
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+ - ぬ = ___
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+ - ね = ___
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+ - の = ___
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+
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+ **Answer:**
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+
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+ - な = /na/
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+ - に = /ni/
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+ - ぬ = /nɯ/
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+ - ね = /ne/
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+ - の = /no/
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+
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+ **Explanation:** All five na-row characters are pronounced regularly with no exceptions.
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+
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+ :::
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+
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+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-05-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Na-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-na,hiragana-ni,hiragana-nu,hiragana-ne,hiragana-no" objectiveId="obj-recognize-na-row"}
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+
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+ **Question:** Read these words
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+
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+ - なつ = ___
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+ - いぬ = ___
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+ - ねこ = ___
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+
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+ **Answer:**
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+
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+ - なつ = "natsu" (summer)
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+ - いぬ = "inu" (dog)
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+ - ねこ = "neko" (cat)
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+
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+ **Explanation:** Two very common words here: いぬ (dog) and ねこ (cat). These are among the first words Japanese children learn.
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+
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+ :::
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+
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+ ## What's Next
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+
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+ Continue learning the remaining hiragana rows to complete your knowledge of this essential Japanese script. The remaining rows are: ha, ma, ya, ra, wa, and the standalone ん (n).
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+ `;
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+ export {
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+ n as default
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+ };
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+ const a = `---
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+ type: lesson
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+ id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-06
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+ title: "Lesson 6 — Ha-row (はひふへほ)"
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+ description: "Learn the は-row: ha, hi, fu, he, ho — including the unique fu sound"
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+ order: 6
7
+ parentId: japanese-hiragana
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+ difficulty: beginner
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+ cefrLevel: A1
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+ categories:
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+ - consonants
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+ - basic-characters
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+ metadata:
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+ estimatedTime: 20
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+ prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-05]
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+ learningObjectives:
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+ - id: obj-recognize-ha-row
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+ description: "Recognize the ha-row hiragana characters"
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+ skill: character-recognition
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+ references: [hiragana-ha, hiragana-hi, hiragana-fu, hiragana-he, hiragana-ho]
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+ - id: obj-sounds-ha-row
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+ description: "Map each ha-row character to its sound"
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+ skill: character-sound-mapping
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+ references: [hiragana-ha, hiragana-hi, hiragana-fu, hiragana-he, hiragana-ho]
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+ ---
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+
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+ # Lesson 6 — Ha-row (はひふへほ)
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+
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+ ## Introduction
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+
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+ In this lesson, you will learn the **は-row** (ha-gyō), the sixth row of the hiragana chart. This row contains one of Japanese's most distinctive sounds: **ふ (fu)**, which does not behave like the other characters in the row.
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+
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+ The pattern: **h + vowel = ha, hi, fu, he, ho**
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+
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+ ## Characters
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+
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+ :::character-set{id="hiragana-ha-row" title="Hiragana Ha-row (は行)"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-ha" canonicalRef="hiragana-ha" char="は" name="は (ha)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ha" data:row="ha"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-hi" canonicalRef="hiragana-hi" char="ひ" name="ひ (hi)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="hi" data:row="ha"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-fu" canonicalRef="hiragana-fu" char="ふ" name="ふ (fu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="fu" data:row="ha"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-he" canonicalRef="hiragana-he" char="へ" name="へ (he)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="he" data:row="ha"}
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+
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+ ::character{id="hiragana-ho" canonicalRef="hiragana-ho" char="ほ" name="ほ (ho)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ho" data:row="ha"}
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+
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+ :::
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+
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+ ## Pronunciation Guide
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+
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+ | Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
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+ |-----------|--------|-------|-------|
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+ | は | ha | /ha/ | Like "ha" in "hot" |
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+ | ひ | hi | /çi/ | Like "hee" with a soft h |
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+ | ふ | fu | /ɸɯ/ | Not "foo" — lips almost touch but don't round |
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+ | へ | he | /he/ | Like "he" in "help" |
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+ | ほ | ho | /ho/ | Like "ho" in "hope" |
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+
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+ ## The Unusual ふ (fu)
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+
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+ **ふ** is the most distinctive character in this row. The romanization "fu" is an approximation — the actual sound is produced by bringing the lips very close together (nearly touching) without fully rounding them, like blowing softly on hot food. It is called a bilabial fricative /ɸ/.
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+
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+ Compare:
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+ - English "f": upper teeth touch lower lip
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+ - Japanese ふ: both lips approach each other (no teeth involved)
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+
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+ Many learners find that "hu" actually gets closer to the target sound when first practicing.
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+
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+ ## Writing Tips
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+
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+ - **は**: Has three strokes. The left vertical stroke, a horizontal crossbar, and then the curved right portion.
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+ - **ひ**: Has two strokes that form a shape somewhat like the number "7".
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+ - **ふ**: Has four strokes. This is one of the busiest characters in the ha-row.
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+ - **へ**: Has one simple stroke — a gentle mountain peak shape. This is one of the easiest hiragana to write.
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+ - **ほ**: Has four strokes. Similar to は but with an extra curved stroke at the bottom right.
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+
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+ ## Practice Words
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+
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+ | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
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+ |----------|--------|---------|
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+ | はな | hana | flower / nose |
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+ | ひと | hito | person |
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+ | ふね | fune | boat / ship |
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+ | へや | heya | room |
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+ | ほん | hon | book |
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+
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+ ## Special Note: は as a Particle
90
+
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+ **は** has a special role in Japanese grammar. When used as a **topic marker particle**, it is pronounced "wa" (not "ha"). This is one of the most common irregular pronunciations beginners encounter.
92
+
93
+ Example: わたし**は** がくせいです。(Watashi **wa** gakusei desu.) — "I am a student."
94
+
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+ As a particle, **は** = "wa". As the start of a word, **は** = "ha".
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+
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+ ## Key Points
98
+
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+ 1. **ふ is unique**: No other Japanese consonant uses the bilabial fricative /ɸ/.
100
+ 2. **は becomes wa**: When used as a grammatical particle, は is read as "wa".
101
+ 3. **へ is the simplest**: One stroke only — easy to write and recognize.
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+ 4. **ほ resembles は**: They look similar; note that ほ has an additional curved element.
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+
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+ ## Practice Recognition
105
+
106
+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-06-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Ha-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-ha,hiragana-hi,hiragana-fu,hiragana-he,hiragana-ho" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ha-row"}
107
+
108
+ **Question:** Match each ha-row character to its romaji
109
+
110
+ - は
111
+ - ひ
112
+ - ふ
113
+ - へ
114
+ - ほ
115
+
116
+ **Answer:**
117
+
118
+ - は = ha
119
+ - ひ = hi
120
+ - ふ = fu
121
+ - へ = he
122
+ - ほ = ho
123
+
124
+ **Explanation:** The ha-row follows the h + vowel pattern except for ふ, which uses the bilabial fricative sound rather than a true "hu."
125
+
126
+ :::
127
+
128
+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-06-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-ha,hiragana-hi,hiragana-fu,hiragana-he,hiragana-ho" objectiveId="obj-sounds-ha-row"}
129
+
130
+ **Question:** What sound does each character make?
131
+
132
+ - は = ___
133
+ - ひ = ___
134
+ - ふ = ___
135
+ - へ = ___
136
+ - ほ = ___
137
+
138
+ **Answer:**
139
+
140
+ - は = /ha/
141
+ - ひ = /çi/
142
+ - ふ = /ɸɯ/ (bilabial fricative, romanized as "fu")
143
+ - へ = /he/
144
+ - ほ = /ho/
145
+
146
+ **Explanation:** ふ is the irregular member — it uses a bilabial fricative /ɸ/ rather than the /h/ used by its row-mates.
147
+
148
+ :::
149
+
150
+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-06-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Ha-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-ha,hiragana-fu,hiragana-ho" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ha-row"}
151
+
152
+ **Question:** Read these words
153
+
154
+ - はな = ___
155
+ - ふね = ___
156
+ - ほん = ___
157
+
158
+ **Answer:**
159
+
160
+ - はな = "hana" (flower / nose)
161
+ - ふね = "fune" (boat)
162
+ - ほん = "hon" (book)
163
+
164
+ **Explanation:** ほん (book) is an extremely common word in Japanese — you will see it constantly.
165
+
166
+ :::
167
+
168
+ ## What's Next
169
+
170
+ In Lesson 7, you will learn the **ま-row** (ma, mi, mu, me, mo), which is one of the most regular rows in hiragana with no pronunciation irregularities.
171
+ `;
172
+ export {
173
+ a as default
174
+ };
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
1
+ const a = `---
2
+ type: lesson
3
+ id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-07
4
+ title: "Lesson 7 — Ma-row (まみむめも)"
5
+ description: "Learn the ま-row: ma, mi, mu, me, mo — a fully regular row"
6
+ order: 7
7
+ parentId: japanese-hiragana
8
+ difficulty: beginner
9
+ cefrLevel: A1
10
+ categories:
11
+ - consonants
12
+ - basic-characters
13
+ metadata:
14
+ estimatedTime: 20
15
+ prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-06]
16
+ learningObjectives:
17
+ - id: obj-recognize-ma-row
18
+ description: "Recognize the ma-row hiragana characters"
19
+ skill: character-recognition
20
+ references: [hiragana-ma, hiragana-mi, hiragana-mu, hiragana-me, hiragana-mo]
21
+ - id: obj-sounds-ma-row
22
+ description: "Map each ma-row character to its sound"
23
+ skill: character-sound-mapping
24
+ references: [hiragana-ma, hiragana-mi, hiragana-mu, hiragana-me, hiragana-mo]
25
+ ---
26
+
27
+ # Lesson 7 — Ma-row (まみむめも)
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+
29
+ ## Introduction
30
+
31
+ In this lesson, you will learn the **ま-row** (ma-gyō), the seventh row of the hiragana chart. This is one of the most straightforward rows — the "m" consonant combines with each vowel in a perfectly regular pattern with no surprises.
32
+
33
+ The pattern: **m + vowel = ma, mi, mu, me, mo**
34
+
35
+ ## Characters
36
+
37
+ :::character-set{id="hiragana-ma-row" title="Hiragana Ma-row (ま行)"}
38
+
39
+ ::character{id="hiragana-ma" canonicalRef="hiragana-ma" char="ま" name="ま (ma)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ma" data:row="ma"}
40
+
41
+ ::character{id="hiragana-mi" canonicalRef="hiragana-mi" char="み" name="み (mi)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="mi" data:row="ma"}
42
+
43
+ ::character{id="hiragana-mu" canonicalRef="hiragana-mu" char="む" name="む (mu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="mu" data:row="ma"}
44
+
45
+ ::character{id="hiragana-me" canonicalRef="hiragana-me" char="め" name="め (me)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="me" data:row="ma"}
46
+
47
+ ::character{id="hiragana-mo" canonicalRef="hiragana-mo" char="も" name="も (mo)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="mo" data:row="ma"}
48
+
49
+ :::
50
+
51
+ ## Pronunciation Guide
52
+
53
+ | Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
54
+ |-----------|--------|-------|-------|
55
+ | ま | ma | /ma/ | Like "ma" in "mama" |
56
+ | み | mi | /mi/ | Like "me" in "meet" |
57
+ | む | mu | /mɯ/ | Like "moo" (unrounded lips) |
58
+ | め | me | /me/ | Like "me" in "men" |
59
+ | も | mo | /mo/ | Like "mo" in "more" |
60
+
61
+ All five characters are completely regular. The "m" nasal consonant simply combines with each Japanese vowel.
62
+
63
+ ## Writing Tips
64
+
65
+ - **ま**: Has three strokes. The first is a small horizontal stroke at the top, followed by a vertical stroke with a curve, and then a final crossing stroke.
66
+ - **み**: Has two strokes with a looping shape on the right side.
67
+ - **む**: Has two strokes. Has a distinctive hook and loop shape, somewhat like a stylized fish or the number "6".
68
+ - **め**: Has two strokes that cross, similar to め. Note its resemblance to ぬ — take care not to confuse them.
69
+ - **も**: Has three strokes. Similar to も in structure but with two horizontal crossbars.
70
+
71
+ ## Confusable Pairs
72
+
73
+ Two pairs of characters are easy to mix up:
74
+
75
+ **め vs ぬ**: Both have crossing strokes with a loop. Look carefully at the overall shape — め has a more angular top, while ぬ is rounder.
76
+
77
+ **も vs ち**: Both have multiple strokes but め is more compact.
78
+
79
+ ## Practice Words
80
+
81
+ | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
82
+ |----------|--------|---------|
83
+ | まち | machi | town / city |
84
+ | みず | mizu | water |
85
+ | むし | mushi | insect / bug |
86
+ | めがね | megane | glasses |
87
+ | もり | mori | forest |
88
+
89
+ ## Review: Progress So Far
90
+
91
+ You have now learned 35 hiragana characters:
92
+
93
+ - Vowels: あいうえお (5)
94
+ - Ka-row: かきくけこ (5)
95
+ - Sa-row: さしすせそ (5)
96
+ - Ta-row: たちつてと (5)
97
+ - Na-row: なにぬねの (5)
98
+ - Ha-row: はひふへほ (5)
99
+ - Ma-row: まみむめも (5)
100
+
101
+ Only 11 characters remain: the ya-row (3), ra-row (5), wa-row (2), and the standalone ん.
102
+
103
+ ## Practice Recognition
104
+
105
+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-07-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Ma-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-ma,hiragana-mi,hiragana-mu,hiragana-me,hiragana-mo" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ma-row"}
106
+
107
+ **Question:** Match each ma-row character to its romaji
108
+
109
+ - ま
110
+ - み
111
+ - む
112
+ - め
113
+ - も
114
+
115
+ **Answer:**
116
+
117
+ - ま = ma
118
+ - み = mi
119
+ - む = mu
120
+ - め = me
121
+ - も = mo
122
+
123
+ **Explanation:** The ma-row is entirely regular — "m" consonant plus each of the five Japanese vowels. No exceptions.
124
+
125
+ :::
126
+
127
+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-07-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-ma,hiragana-mi,hiragana-mu,hiragana-me,hiragana-mo" objectiveId="obj-sounds-ma-row"}
128
+
129
+ **Question:** What sound does each character make?
130
+
131
+ - ま = ___
132
+ - み = ___
133
+ - む = ___
134
+ - め = ___
135
+ - も = ___
136
+
137
+ **Answer:**
138
+
139
+ - ま = /ma/
140
+ - み = /mi/
141
+ - む = /mɯ/
142
+ - め = /me/
143
+ - も = /mo/
144
+
145
+ **Explanation:** All ma-row sounds are completely predictable. The unrounded /ɯ/ in む is the same "u" sound you have seen in all other rows.
146
+
147
+ :::
148
+
149
+ :::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-07-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Ma-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-ma,hiragana-mi,hiragana-mu,hiragana-me,hiragana-mo" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ma-row"}
150
+
151
+ **Question:** Read these words
152
+
153
+ - まち = ___
154
+ - みず = ___
155
+ - もり = ___
156
+
157
+ **Answer:**
158
+
159
+ - まち = "machi" (town)
160
+ - みず = "mizu" (water)
161
+ - もり = "mori" (forest)
162
+
163
+ **Explanation:** みず (water) is one of the first words most Japanese learners encounter. The combination of sounds from multiple rows you have already learned shows how quickly you can read real words.
164
+
165
+ :::
166
+
167
+ ## What's Next
168
+
169
+ In Lesson 8, you will learn the **や-row** (ya, yu, yo), which has only three characters. You will also learn the **わ-row** (wa, wo) and the standalone nasal **ん (n)** to complete the basic hiragana chart.
170
+ `;
171
+ export {
172
+ a as default
173
+ };