@syllst/ja 0.1.1

package/src/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: japanese-katakana-lesson-05
+title: "Lesson 5 — Ya-row, Ra-row, Wa-row, and N (ヤユヨ・ラリルレロ・ワヲン)"
+description: "Complete the katakana chart with ya, ra, wa rows and standalone N"
+order: 5
+parentId: japanese-katakana
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - basic-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites: [japanese-katakana-lesson-04]
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-recognize-final-rows
+      description: "Recognize the ya-row, ra-row, wa-row, and N katakana characters"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [katakana-ya, katakana-yu, katakana-yo, katakana-ra, katakana-ri, katakana-ru, katakana-re, katakana-ro, katakana-wa, katakana-wo, katakana-n]
+    - id: obj-sounds-final-rows
+      description: "Map all remaining katakana to their sounds"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [katakana-ya, katakana-yu, katakana-yo, katakana-ra, katakana-ri, katakana-ru, katakana-re, katakana-ro, katakana-wa, katakana-wo, katakana-n]
+    - id: obj-so-vs-n
+      description: "Distinguish ソ (so) from ン (n)"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [katakana-so, katakana-n]
+    - id: obj-complete-katakana
+      description: "Confirm knowledge of all 46 basic katakana characters"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [katakana-ya, katakana-yu, katakana-yo, katakana-ra, katakana-ri, katakana-ru, katakana-re, katakana-ro, katakana-wa, katakana-wo, katakana-n]
+---
+
+# Lesson 5 — Ya-row, Ra-row, Wa-row, and N (ヤユヨ・ラリルレロ・ワヲン)
+
+## Introduction
+
+This is the final lesson of the basic katakana chart. You will learn the remaining 11 characters: the **ヤ-row** (ya, yu, yo), the **ラ-row** (ra, ri, ru, re, ro), the **ワ-row** (wa, wo), and the standalone nasal **ン (n)**. After this lesson, you will know all 46 basic katakana.
+
+## Ya-row Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="katakana-ya-row" title="Katakana Ya-row (ヤ行)"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-ya" canonicalRef="katakana-ya" char="ヤ" name="ヤ (ya)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="ya" data:row="ya" data:hiragana="や"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-yu" canonicalRef="katakana-yu" char="ユ" name="ユ (yu)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="yu" data:row="ya" data:hiragana="ゆ"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-yo" canonicalRef="katakana-yo" char="ヨ" name="ヨ (yo)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="yo" data:row="ya" data:hiragana="よ"}
+
+:::
+
+## Ra-row Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="katakana-ra-row" title="Katakana Ra-row (ラ行)"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-ra" canonicalRef="katakana-ra" char="ラ" name="ラ (ra)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="ra" data:row="ra" data:hiragana="ら"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-ri" canonicalRef="katakana-ri" char="リ" name="リ (ri)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="ri" data:row="ra" data:hiragana="り"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-ru" canonicalRef="katakana-ru" char="ル" name="ル (ru)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="ru" data:row="ra" data:hiragana="る"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-re" canonicalRef="katakana-re" char="レ" name="レ (re)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="re" data:row="ra" data:hiragana="れ"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-ro" canonicalRef="katakana-ro" char="ロ" name="ロ (ro)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="ro" data:row="ra" data:hiragana="ろ"}
+
+:::
+
+## Wa-row and N
+
+:::character-set{id="katakana-wa-n" title="Katakana Wa-row and N (ワ行・ン)"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-wa" canonicalRef="katakana-wa" char="ワ" name="ワ (wa)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="wa" data:row="wa" data:hiragana="わ"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-wo" canonicalRef="katakana-wo" char="ヲ" name="ヲ (wo)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="wo" data:row="wa" data:hiragana="を"}
+
+::character{id="katakana-n" canonicalRef="katakana-n" char="ン" name="ン (n)" charType="katakana" data:romaji="n" data:row="n" data:hiragana="ん"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### Ya-row
+
+| Character | Romaji | Sound | Hiragana |
+|-----------|--------|-------|----------|
+| ヤ | ya | /ja/ | や |
+| ユ | yu | /jɯ/ | ゆ |
+| ヨ | yo | /jo/ | よ |
+
+### Ra-row
+
+| Character | Romaji | Sound | Hiragana |
+|-----------|--------|-------|----------|
+| ラ | ra | /ɾa/ | ら |
+| リ | ri | /ɾi/ | り |
+| ル | ru | /ɾɯ/ | る |
+| レ | re | /ɾe/ | れ |
+| ロ | ro | /ɾo/ | ろ |
+
+### Wa-row and N
+
+| Character | Romaji | Sound | Hiragana | Notes |
+|-----------|--------|-------|----------|-------|
+| ワ | wa | /wa/ | わ | Regular |
+| ヲ | wo | /o/ | を | Pronounced "o"; used only as particle |
+| ン | n | /N/ | ん | Syllabic nasal; same contextual rules as ん |
+
+## ソ vs ン — The Second Critical Pair
+
+Just as シ and ツ are confusable, **ソ (so)** and **ン (n)** are also commonly confused:
+
+| Character | Sound | Key Feature |
+|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| ソ (so) | /so/ | The curved stroke sweeps **outward** to the right |
+| ン (n) | /N/ | The curved stroke turns **inward** and ends downward |
+
+Memory trick: **ン** looks like it is "turning away" — the curve ends pointing downward-left, like someone shaking their head "no" (which starts with /n/).
+
+## Writing Tips — Ya-row
+
+- **ヤ**: Three strokes — a top horizontal, a long vertical, and a short diagonal. Like a simplified や.
+- **ユ**: Two to three strokes — a top horizontal with a curved bottom and a rightward bottom horizontal. Resembles the letter "U" in block capitals.
+- **ヨ**: Three strokes — three horizontals connected by a vertical on the left side. Resembles the Roman letter "E" mirrored.
+
+## Writing Tips — Ra-row
+
+- **ラ**: Two strokes — a short horizontal and a diagonal sweep downward. Much simpler than ら.
+- **リ**: Two strokes — two short parallel diagonal strokes (like two drips). One of the simplest katakana.
+- **ル**: Two strokes — a diagonal stroke and a curved stroke with an angular bottom. Resembles a backslash with an angled foot.
+- **レ**: One stroke — a simple diagonal line with a slight curve at the bottom. Very simple.
+- **ロ**: Three strokes — forms a square or rectangle. One of the most distinctive katakana shapes.
+
+## Writing Tips — Wa-row and N
+
+- **ワ**: Two strokes — a top horizontal curving down on the right. Like ウ but more open.
+- **ヲ**: Three strokes — similar to ヲ in hiragana, more complex than other characters in this set.
+- **ン**: One to two strokes — a short diagonal then a curved stroke that sweeps inward and downward. The inward curve distinguishes it from ソ.
+
+## Complete Katakana Chart
+
+You have now learned all 46 basic katakana characters:
+
+| Row | Characters | Count |
+|-----|------------|-------|
+| Vowels (ア行) | アイウエオ | 5 |
+| Ka-row (カ行) | カキクケコ | 5 |
+| Sa-row (サ行) | サシスセソ | 5 |
+| Ta-row (タ行) | タチツテト | 5 |
+| Na-row (ナ行) | ナニヌネノ | 5 |
+| Ha-row (ハ行) | ハヒフヘホ | 5 |
+| Ma-row (マ行) | マミムメモ | 5 |
+| Ya-row (ヤ行) | ヤユヨ | 3 |
+| Ra-row (ラ行) | ラリルレロ | 5 |
+| Wa-row + N | ワヲン | 3 |
+| **Total** | | **46** |
+
+## Loanword Practice
+
+| Katakana | Romaji | Source | Meaning |
+|----------|--------|--------|---------|
+| レストラン | resutoran | restaurant | restaurant |
+| ラジオ | rajio | radio | radio |
+| ヨーロッパ | Yōroppa | Europe | Europe |
+| ワイン | wain | wine | wine |
+| ランチ | ranchi | lunch | lunch |
+
+## The Long Vowel Mark ー
+
+Katakana frequently uses the **long vowel mark** ー (called chōonpu, 長音符) to extend a vowel sound by one mora. This appears in loanwords where the source language has a long vowel:
+
+- コーヒー (kōhī) = coffee
+- ビール (bīru) = beer
+- テーブル (tēburu) = table
+
+The ー always follows the vowel it extends. It is a horizontal line when the text is horizontal, and a vertical line when text is written vertically.
+
+## Practice Recognition
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-katakana-05-so-vs-n" type="matching" title="Distinguish ソ from ン" skill="character-recognition" tests="katakana-so,katakana-n" objectiveId="obj-so-vs-n"}
+
+**Question:** Match each character to its correct romaji
+
+- ソ
+- ン
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ソ = so (stroke sweeps outward to the right)
+- ン = n (stroke curves inward and downward)
+
+**Explanation:** ソ and ン are the second major confusable pair in katakana. ソ's curve sweeps outward; ン's curve turns inward. Practice both this pair and シ/ツ until they are automatic.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-katakana-05-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Final Katakana Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="katakana-ya,katakana-yu,katakana-yo,katakana-ra,katakana-ri,katakana-ru,katakana-re,katakana-ro,katakana-wa,katakana-wo,katakana-n" objectiveId="obj-recognize-final-rows"}
+
+**Question:** Match each character to its romaji
+
+- ヤ
+- ユ
+- ヨ
+- ラ
+- リ
+- ル
+- レ
+- ロ
+- ワ
+- ヲ
+- ン
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ヤ = ya
+- ユ = yu
+- ヨ = yo
+- ラ = ra
+- リ = ri
+- ル = ru
+- レ = re
+- ロ = ro
+- ワ = wa
+- ヲ = wo (pronounced "o"; used as particle)
+- ン = n (syllabic nasal)
+
+**Explanation:** These 11 characters complete the basic katakana chart. ヲ is used almost exclusively as the direct object particle (same role as hiragana を). ン follows the same contextual pronunciation rules as hiragana ん.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-katakana-05-complete" type="fill-in-blank" title="Complete Katakana Loanwords" skill="word-recognition" tests="katakana-ra,katakana-re,katakana-yo,katakana-wa,katakana-n" objectiveId="obj-complete-katakana"}
+
+**Question:** Read these loanwords using katakana you have learned across all lessons
+
+- レストラン = ___
+- ワイン = ___
+- ヨーロッパ = ___
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- レストラン = "resutoran" (restaurant)
+- ワイン = "wain" (wine)
+- ヨーロッパ = "Yōroppa" (Europe)
+
+**Explanation:** These words draw on characters from across the entire katakana chart. レストラン uses レ (re), ス (su), ト (to), ラ (ra), ン (n). Reading loanwords fluently is one of the most immediately practical skills from knowing katakana.
+
+:::
+
+## Congratulations!
+
+You have completed the basic katakana curriculum and now know all 46 fundamental katakana characters. Continue your Japanese studies with:
+
+1. **Dakuten and handakuten variants** — voiced and semi-voiced sounds (ガ, ザ, ダ, バ, パ rows)
+2. **Compound sounds (拗音)** — small ャ ュ ョ combinations
+3. **Extended katakana** — special combinations for foreign sounds not in Japanese (ウィ, ファ, ティ, etc.)
+4. **Vocabulary building** — reading real katakana loanwords in context