@suveren/gateway 0.39.0 → 0.41.0

package/node_modules/zod/src/v4/classic/tests/string.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
-import { expect, test } from "vitest";
+import { expect, expectTypeOf, test } from "vitest";
 
 import * as z from "zod/v4";
 
@@ -12,6 +12,63 @@ const includesFromIndex2 = z.string().includes("includes", { position: 2 });
 const startsWith = z.string().startsWith("startsWith");
 const endsWith = z.string().endsWith("endsWith");
 
+test("string factory checks", async () => {
+  const schema = z.string({ checks: [z.minLength(1), z.maxLength(3)] as const });
+  const chained = z.string().min(1).max(3);
+  expectTypeOf<z.output<typeof schema>>().toEqualTypeOf<string>();
+  for (const value of ["", "ab", "abcd", 1, undefined]) {
+    expect(z.validate(schema, value)).toBe(z.validate(chained, value));
+    expect(schema.safeParse(value)).toEqual(chained.safeParse(value));
+  }
+  expect(z.toJSONSchema(schema)).toEqual(z.toJSONSchema(chained));
+  expect(schema.minLength).toBe(1);
+  expect(schema.maxLength).toBe(3);
+  expect(schema._zod.parent).toBeUndefined();
+  expect([...schema._zod.traits]).toEqual([...chained._zod.traits]);
+  const extended = schema.max(2);
+  expect(extended._zod.parent).toBe(schema);
+  expect(z.validate(schema, "abc")).toBe(true);
+  expect(z.validate(extended, "abc")).toBe(false);
+  const coerce = z.coerce.string({ checks: [z.minLength(2)] });
+  expect(coerce.parse(12)).toBe("12");
+  expect(z.validate(coerce, 1)).toBe(false);
+  const asyncSchema = z.string({
+    checks: [
+      z.check<string>(async (ctx) => {
+        if (ctx.value !== "ok") ctx.issues.push({ code: "custom", input: ctx.value });
+      }),
+    ],
+  });
+  expect(await asyncSchema.safeParseAsync("ok")).toEqual({ success: true, data: "ok" });
+  expect((await asyncSchema.safeParseAsync("bad")).success).toBe(false);
+  // @ts-expect-error numeric checks cannot validate strings
+  z.string({ checks: [z.gte(1)] });
+});
+
+test("factory checks snapshot caller arrays", () => {
+  for (const factory of [z.string, z.coerce.string]) {
+    for (const initial of [[], [z.minLength(1)]]) {
+      const schema = factory({ checks: initial });
+      let reads = 0;
+      const getterSchema = factory({
+        get checks() {
+          if (++reads > 1) throw new Error("checks read twice");
+          return initial;
+        },
+      });
+      expect(reads).toBe(1);
+      expect(z.validate(getterSchema, "long")).toBe(true);
+      const before = z.toJSONSchema(schema);
+      initial.push(z.minLength(10));
+      expect(schema._zod.def.checks).not.toBe(initial);
+      expect(z.validate(schema, "long")).toBe(true);
+      expect(z.validate(z.compile(schema), "long")).toBe(true);
+      expect(z.toJSONSchema(schema)).toEqual(before);
+      expect(z.validate(schema.check(z.minLength(2)), "long")).toBe(true);
+    }
+  }
+});
+
 test("length checks", () => {
   minFive.parse("12345");
   minFive.parse("123456");
@@ -35,6 +92,27 @@ test("includes", () => {
   expect(() => includesFromIndex2.parse("XincludesXX")).toThrow();
 });
 
+test("includes with string error message", () => {
+  const schema = z.string().includes("test", "must contain test");
+  schema.parse("this is a test");
+
+  expect(schema.safeParse("this is invalid")).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+    {
+      "error": [ZodError: [
+      {
+        "origin": "string",
+        "code": "invalid_format",
+        "format": "includes",
+        "includes": "test",
+        "path": [],
+        "message": "must contain test"
+      }
+    ]],
+      "success": false,
+    }
+  `);
+});
+
 test("startswith/endswith", () => {
   startsWith.parse("startsWithX");
   endsWith.parse("XendsWith");
@@ -196,6 +274,14 @@ test("base64 validations", () => {
     "?QmFzZTY0IGVuY29kaW5nIGlzIGZ1bg==", // Invalid character '?'
     ".MTIzND2Nzg5MC4=", // Invalid character '.'
     "QUJDREVGR0hJSktMTU5PUFFSU1RVVldYWVo", // Missing padding
+    // Whitespace is not part of canonical base64 (RFC 4648 §3.3) — atob() strips whitespace internally before validating, so the length check alone would accept "123 " etc.
+    "123 ", // bypasses length-mod-4 via trailing whitespace
+    "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ= ", // trailing space
+    " SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", // leading space
+    "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=\n", // trailing newline
+    "SGVs bG8gV29ybGQ=", // internal space
+    "SGVs\nbG8gV29ybGQ=", // internal newline
+    "SGVs\tbG8gV29ybGQ=", // internal tab
   ];
 
   for (const str of invalidBase64Strings) {
@@ -235,6 +321,7 @@ test("base64url validations", () => {
 
   const invalidBase64URLStrings = [
     "w7/Dv8O+w74K", // Has + and / characters (is base64)
+    "A", // Invalid length (1 mod 4 carries no whole byte)
     "12345", // Invalid length (not a multiple of 4 characters when adding allowed number of padding characters)
     "12345===", // Not padded correctly
     "!UGF0aWVuY2UgaXMgdGhlIGtleSB0byBzdWNjZXNz", // Invalid character '!'
@@ -262,6 +349,18 @@ test("big base64 and base64url", () => {
   z.base64().parse(bigbase64);
   const bigbase64url = randomBytes(1024 * 1024 * 10).toString("base64url");
   z.base64url().parse(bigbase64url);
+
+  // template literals compose def.pattern and test it on every parse; the quantified block forms overflowed the regex stack here
+  expect(z.templateLiteral(["id-", z.base64()]).safeParse(`id-${bigbase64}`).success).toBe(true);
+  expect(z.templateLiteral(["id-", z.base64url()]).safeParse(`id-${bigbase64url}`).success).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("template literal composes base64 without alternation leaks", () => {
+  // the ^$| alternation in regexes.base64 used to leak: "AAAA" matched with the prefix dropped and "id-AAAA" was rejected
+  const tl = z.templateLiteral(["id-", z.base64()]);
+  expect(tl.safeParse("id-AAAA").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(tl.safeParse("id-").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(tl.safeParse("AAAA").success).toBe(false);
 });
 
 function makeJwt(header: object, payload: object) {
@@ -318,11 +417,126 @@ test("url validations", () => {
   expect(() => url.parse("https://")).toThrow();
 });
 
+test("url preserves original input", () => {
+  const url = z.string().url();
+
+  // Test the specific case from the user report
+  const input = "https://example.com?key=NUXOmHqWNVTapJkJJHw8BfD155AuqhH_qju_5fNmQ4ZHV7u8";
+  const output = url.parse(input);
+  expect(output).toBe(input); // Should preserve the original input exactly
+
+  // Test other cases where URL constructor would normalize
+  expect(url.parse("https://example.com?foo=bar")).toBe("https://example.com?foo=bar");
+  expect(url.parse("http://example.com?test=123")).toBe("http://example.com?test=123");
+  expect(url.parse("https://sub.example.com?param=value&other=data")).toBe(
+    "https://sub.example.com?param=value&other=data"
+  );
+
+  // Test cases with trailing slashes are preserved
+  expect(url.parse("https://example.com/")).toBe("https://example.com/");
+  expect(url.parse("https://example.com/path/")).toBe("https://example.com/path/");
+
+  // Test cases with paths and query parameters
+  expect(url.parse("https://example.com/path?query=param")).toBe("https://example.com/path?query=param");
+});
+
+test("url trims whitespace", () => {
+  const url = z.string().url();
+
+  // Test trimming whitespace from URLs
+  expect(url.parse("  https://example.com  ")).toBe("https://example.com");
+  expect(url.parse("  https://example.com/path?query=param  ")).toBe("https://example.com/path?query=param");
+  expect(url.parse("\t\nhttps://example.com\t\n")).toBe("https://example.com");
+  expect(url.parse("   https://example.com?key=value   ")).toBe("https://example.com?key=value");
+
+  // Test that URLs without extra whitespace are unchanged
+  expect(url.parse("https://example.com")).toBe("https://example.com");
+  expect(url.parse("https://example.com/path")).toBe("https://example.com/path");
+});
+
+test("url returns the string the parser validated", () => {
+  // The URL parser deletes ASCII tab, LF and CR instead of failing, so `new URL()` reports on a string that is not the one it was given. The host is the consequential case: this validated example.com and used to hand back a URL naming a different host.
+  expect(z.url().parse("https://exa\nmple.com")).toBe("https://example.com");
+  expect(z.url().parse("https://exa\tmple.com")).toBe("https://example.com");
+  expect(z.url().parse("https://exa\rmple.com")).toBe("https://example.com");
+  expect(z.httpUrl().parse("https://exa\nmple.com")).toBe("https://example.com");
+  expect(z.url({ hostname: /^a\.com$/ }).parse("https://a\n.com")).toBe("https://a.com");
+  expect(z.url().parse("https://example.com/a\nb?c=\td#e")).toBe("https://example.com/ab?c=d#e");
+
+  // Nothing that parsed before stops parsing, and normalize still wins where it applies.
+  expect(z.url().parse("https://example.com/path")).toBe("https://example.com/path");
+  expect(z.url({ normalize: true }).parse("https://exa\nmple.com")).toBe("https://example.com/");
+});
+
+test("ipv6 and cidrv6 reject anything outside the address alphabet", () => {
+  // `new URL("http://[...]")` parses an authority rather than an address, so a delimiter re-splits it and the parser validates something else entirely.
+  expect(z.ipv6().safeParse("::@1\\").success).toBe(false); // used to validate against the host 0.0.0.1
+  expect(z.ipv6().safeParse("::]/1").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(z.ipv6().safeParse("@[::1").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(z.cidrv6().safeParse("::@1\\/64").success).toBe(false);
+
+  for (const c of ["\t", "\n", "\r"]) {
+    expect(z.ipv6().safeParse(`2001:db8::${c}1`).success).toBe(false);
+    expect(z.ipv6().safeParse(`::1${c}`).success).toBe(false);
+    expect(z.cidrv6().safeParse(`::1${c}/64`).success).toBe(false);
+  }
+
+  // A rejection has to surface as an issue, not just success: false.
+  const result = z.ipv6().safeParse("::1\n");
+  expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+  expect(result.error!.issues[0]).toMatchObject({ code: "invalid_format", format: "ipv6" });
+
+  expect(z.ipv6().parse("2001:db8::1")).toBe("2001:db8::1");
+  expect(z.ipv6().parse("::ffff:192.0.2.1")).toBe("::ffff:192.0.2.1");
+  expect(z.ipv6().parse("2001:DB8::1")).toBe("2001:DB8::1");
+  expect(z.cidrv6().parse("::ffff:192.0.2.1/96")).toBe("::ffff:192.0.2.1/96");
+});
+
+test("url normalize flag", () => {
+  const normalizeUrl = z.url({ normalize: true });
+  const preserveUrl = z.url(); // normalize: false/undefined by default
+
+  // Test that normalize flag causes URL normalization
+  expect(normalizeUrl.parse("https://example.com?key=value")).toBe("https://example.com/?key=value");
+  expect(normalizeUrl.parse("http://example.com?test=123")).toBe("http://example.com/?test=123");
+
+  // Test with already normalized URLs
+  expect(normalizeUrl.parse("https://example.com/")).toBe("https://example.com/");
+  expect(normalizeUrl.parse("https://example.com/path?query=param")).toBe("https://example.com/path?query=param");
+
+  // Test complex URLs with normalization
+  expect(normalizeUrl.parse("https://example.com/../?key=value")).toBe("https://example.com/?key=value");
+  expect(normalizeUrl.parse("https://example.com/./path?key=value")).toBe("https://example.com/path?key=value");
+
+  // Compare with non-normalize behavior
+  expect(preserveUrl.parse("https://example.com?key=value")).toBe("https://example.com?key=value");
+  expect(preserveUrl.parse("http://example.com?test=123")).toBe("http://example.com?test=123");
+
+  // Test trimming with normalize
+  expect(normalizeUrl.parse("  https://example.com?key=value  ")).toBe("https://example.com/?key=value");
+  expect(preserveUrl.parse("  https://example.com?key=value  ")).toBe("https://example.com?key=value");
+});
+
+test("url normalize with hostname and protocol constraints", () => {
+  const constrainedNormalizeUrl = z.url({
+    normalize: true,
+    protocol: /^https$/,
+    hostname: /^example\.com$/,
+  });
+
+  // Test that normalization works with constraints
+  expect(constrainedNormalizeUrl.parse("https://example.com?key=value")).toBe("https://example.com/?key=value");
+
+  // Test that constraints are still enforced
+  expect(() => constrainedNormalizeUrl.parse("http://example.com?key=value")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => constrainedNormalizeUrl.parse("https://other.com?key=value")).toThrow();
+});
+
 test("httpurl", () => {
   const httpUrl = z.url({
     protocol: /^https?$/,
     hostname: z.regexes.domain,
-    // /^([a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}$/
+    // /^(?=.{1,253}$)([a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,63}$/
   });
 
   httpUrl.parse("https://example.com");
@@ -356,6 +570,22 @@ test("httpurl", () => {
   ).toThrow();
   expect(() => httpUrl.parse("http://asdf.c")).toThrow();
   expect(() => httpUrl.parse("mailto:asdf@lckj.com")).toThrow();
+  // total host length over the RFC 1035 limit of 253 chars (built from valid-length labels)
+  const longHost = `${`${"a".repeat(50)}.`.repeat(5)}com`; // 5 * 51 + 3 = 258 chars
+  expect(longHost.length).toBeGreaterThan(253);
+  expect(() => httpUrl.parse(`http://${longHost}`)).toThrow();
+  // TLD over the 63-char label limit
+  expect(() => httpUrl.parse(`http://example.${"a".repeat(64)}`)).toThrow();
+  // a host at exactly the 253-char limit is still accepted, one char more is not
+  const maxHost = `${`${"a".repeat(61)}.`.repeat(4)}aaaaa`; // 4 * 62 + 5 = 253 chars
+  httpUrl.parse(`http://${maxHost}`);
+  expect(() => httpUrl.parse(`http://${maxHost}a`)).toThrow();
+  // missing // after protocol
+  expect(() => httpUrl.parse("http:example.com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => httpUrl.parse("https:example.com")).toThrow();
+  // missing one /
+  expect(() => httpUrl.parse("https:/www.google.com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => httpUrl.parse("http:/example.com")).toThrow();
 });
 
 test("url error overrides", () => {
@@ -379,6 +609,7 @@ test("url error overrides", () => {
 test("emoji validations", () => {
   const emoji = z.string().emoji();
 
+  emoji.parse("🦰🦱🦲🦳"); // both Extended_Pictographic and Emoji_Component
   emoji.parse("👋👋👋👋");
   emoji.parse("🍺👩‍🚀🫡");
   emoji.parse("💚💙💜💛❤️");
@@ -391,6 +622,18 @@ test("emoji validations", () => {
   expect(() => emoji.parse("😀 is an emoji")).toThrow();
   expect(() => emoji.parse("😀stuff")).toThrow();
   expect(() => emoji.parse("stuff😀")).toThrow();
+
+  emoji.parse("1\u{FE0F}\u{20E3}"); // keycap sequences stay valid
+  emoji.parse("#\u{FE0F}\u{20E3}");
+
+  // `\p{Emoji_Component}` alone covers ASCII digits, "#", "*", ZWJ, variation selectors and skin tone modifiers; none is an emoji without a base, so a component-only string is not one either
+  expect(() => emoji.parse("123")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => emoji.parse("#")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => emoji.parse("*")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => emoji.parse("\u{200D}")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => emoji.parse("\u{FE0F}")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => emoji.parse("\u{1F3FD}")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => emoji.parse("1\u{FE0F}")).toThrow();
 });
 
 test("nanoid", () => {
@@ -450,6 +693,7 @@ test("good uuid", () => {
     "9491d710-3185-5e06-8ea0-6a2f275345e0",
     "9491d710-3185-5e06-9ea0-6a2f275345e0",
     "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
+    "ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff",
   ];
 
   for (const goodUuid of goodUuids) {
@@ -464,11 +708,10 @@ test(`bad uuid`, () => {
     "9491d710-3185-0e06-bea0-6a2f275345e0",
     "9491d710-3185-5e06-0ea0-6a2f275345e0",
     "d89e7b01-7598-ed11-9d7a-0022489382fd", // new sequential id
-    "b3ce60f8-e8b9-40f5-1150-172ede56ff74", // Variant 0 - RFC 4122: Reserved, NCS backward compatibility
-    "92e76bf9-28b3-4730-cd7f-cb6bc51f8c09", // Variant 2 - RFC 4122: Reserved, Microsoft Corporation backward compatibility
+    "b3ce60f8-e8b9-40f5-1150-172ede56ff74", // Variant 0 - RFC 9562/4122: Reserved, NCS backward compatibility
+    "92e76bf9-28b3-4730-cd7f-cb6bc51f8c09", // Variant 2 - RFC 9562/4122: Reserved, Microsoft Corporation backward compatibility
     "invalid uuid",
     "9491d710-3185-4e06-bea0-6a2f275345e0X",
-    "ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff",
   ]) {
     const result = uuid.safeParse(badUuid);
     expect(result).toMatchObject({ success: false });
@@ -481,8 +724,8 @@ test("good guid", () => {
   for (const goodGuid of [
     "9491d710-3185-4e06-bea0-6a2f275345e0",
     "d89e7b01-7598-ed11-9d7a-0022489382fd", // new sequential id
-    "b3ce60f8-e8b9-40f5-1150-172ede56ff74", // Variant 0 - RFC 4122: Reserved, NCS backward compatibility
-    "92e76bf9-28b3-4730-cd7f-cb6bc51f8c09", // Variant 2 - RFC 4122: Reserved, Microsoft Corporation backward compatibility
+    "b3ce60f8-e8b9-40f5-1150-172ede56ff74", // Variant 0 - RFC 9562/4122: Reserved, NCS backward compatibility
+    "92e76bf9-28b3-4730-cd7f-cb6bc51f8c09", // Variant 2 - RFC 9562/4122: Reserved, Microsoft Corporation backward compatibility
     "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
     "ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff",
   ]) {
@@ -500,6 +743,26 @@ test("bad guid", () => {
   }
 });
 
+test("nanoid custom length", () => {
+  const nanoid64 = z.nanoid({ length: 64 });
+  nanoid64.parse("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_");
+  expect(nanoid64.safeParse("lfNZluvAxMkf7Q8C5H-QS")).toMatchObject({ success: false });
+
+  // the deprecated method and the default length both still work
+  expect(z.string().nanoid({ length: 10 }).safeParse("IRFa-VaY2b")).toMatchObject({ success: true });
+  expect(z.nanoid().safeParse("lfNZluvAxMkf7Q8C5H-QS")).toMatchObject({ success: true });
+
+  expect(z.nanoid({ length: 64, error: "custom error" }).safeParse("abc").error!.issues[0].message).toEqual(
+    "custom error"
+  );
+});
+
+test("nanoid rejects a length that is not a positive integer", () => {
+  expect(() => z.nanoid({ length: 0 })).toThrow("Invalid nanoid length: 0");
+  expect(() => z.nanoid({ length: -1 })).toThrow("Invalid nanoid length: -1");
+  expect(() => z.nanoid({ length: 1.5 })).toThrow("Invalid nanoid length: 1.5");
+});
+
 test("cuid", () => {
   const cuid = z.string().cuid();
   cuid.parse("ckopqwooh000001la8mbi2im9");
@@ -513,12 +776,26 @@ test("cuid", () => {
         "origin": "string",
         "code": "invalid_format",
         "format": "cuid",
-        "pattern": "/^[cC][^\\\\s-]{8,}$/",
+        "pattern": "/^[cC][0-9a-z]{6,}$/",
         "path": [],
         "message": "Invalid cuid"
       }
     ]]
   `);
+
+  // Strings containing non-base36 characters that the old denylist regex
+  // (/^[cC][^\s-]{8,}$/) accepted. The new regex restricts the body to
+  // [0-9a-z], matching the actual CUID v1 base36 format. See #3621.
+  const previouslyAcceptedNonCuids = [
+    "cly63t164000245zw008pggon';select1;", // SQLi-shaped (no whitespace, no hyphen)
+    "c<script>alert(1)</script>aaaaaa", // XSS-shaped
+    "c{};alert(1)//", // bracket / curly chars
+    "C0123_45678", // underscore is not base36
+    "cAAAAAAAAA", // uppercase letters in body are not base36 (CUIDs are lowercase)
+  ];
+  for (const s of previouslyAcceptedNonCuids) {
+    expect(cuid.safeParse(s).success).toBe(false);
+  }
 });
 
 test("cuid2", () => {
@@ -555,6 +832,12 @@ test("ulid", () => {
   const caseInsensitive = ulid.safeParse("01arZ3nDeKTsV4RRffQ69G5FAV");
   expect(caseInsensitive.success).toEqual(true);
 
+  // first char is capped at 7: the spec's largest ULID is 7ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ, so 8-9 and every letter overflow 2^48-1
+  expect(ulid.safeParse("7ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ").success).toEqual(true);
+  for (const first of ["8", "9", "A", "Z", "z"]) {
+    expect(ulid.safeParse(`${first}AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA`).success).toEqual(false);
+  }
+
   expect(result.error!.issues[0].message).toEqual("Invalid ULID");
   expect(result.error).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
     [ZodError: [
@@ -562,7 +845,7 @@ test("ulid", () => {
         "origin": "string",
         "code": "invalid_format",
         "format": "ulid",
-        "pattern": "/^[0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Za-hjkmnp-tv-z]{26}$/",
+        "pattern": "/^[0-7][0-9A-HJKMNP-TV-Za-hjkmnp-tv-z]{25}$/",
         "path": [],
         "message": "Invalid ULID"
       }
@@ -698,6 +981,8 @@ test("format", () => {
   expect(z.string().date().format).toEqual("date");
   expect(z.string().time().format).toEqual("time");
   expect(z.string().duration().format).toEqual("duration");
+
+  expect(z.mac().format).toEqual("mac");
 });
 
 test("min max getters", () => {
@@ -711,6 +996,66 @@ test("min max getters", () => {
   expect(z.string().maxLength).toEqual(null);
 });
 
+test("boundary cases with zero length", () => {
+  // Test length(0) - only empty string should pass
+  const lengthZero = z.string().length(0);
+  expect(lengthZero.parse("")).toEqual("");
+  expect(() => lengthZero.parse("a")).toThrow();
+
+  // Test min(0) - all strings including empty should pass
+  const minZero = z.string().min(0);
+  expect(minZero.parse("")).toEqual("");
+  expect(minZero.parse("a")).toEqual("a");
+  expect(minZero.parse("hello")).toEqual("hello");
+
+  // Test max(0) - only empty string should pass
+  const maxZero = z.string().max(0);
+  expect(maxZero.parse("")).toEqual("");
+  expect(() => maxZero.parse("a")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => maxZero.parse("hello")).toThrow();
+});
+
+test("length checks count Unicode code points, not UTF-16 code units", () => {
+  // "\u{1F600}" is one code point but two UTF-16 code units
+  const five = "\u{1F600}\u{1F600}\u{1F600}\u{1F600}\u{1F600}";
+  expect(z.string().max(5).safeParse(five).success).toBe(true);
+  expect(
+    z
+      .string()
+      .max(5)
+      .safeParse(five + "\u{1F600}").success
+  ).toBe(false);
+  expect(z.string().min(5).safeParse(five).success).toBe(true);
+  expect(z.string().min(5).safeParse("\u{1F600}\u{1F600}\u{1F600}\u{1F600}").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(z.string().length(5).safeParse(five).success).toBe(true);
+  expect(z.string().length(1).safeParse("\u{1F600}").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(z.string().nonempty().safeParse("\u{1F600}").success).toBe(true);
+
+  // code points, not graphemes: a combining mark and a ZWJ sequence each stay several
+  expect(z.string().length(2).safeParse("e\u0301").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(z.string().length(3).safeParse("\u{1F9D1}\u200D\u{1F37C}").success).toBe(true);
+
+  // an unpaired surrogate is its own code point
+  expect(z.string().length(1).safeParse("\uD83D").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(z.string().length(2).safeParse("\uDE00\uD83D").success).toBe(true);
+
+  // the reported bound is still the declared one
+  expect(
+    z
+      .string()
+      .max(5)
+      .safeParse(five + "\u{1F600}").error!.issues[0]
+  ).toMatchObject({
+    code: "too_big",
+    maximum: 5,
+    origin: "string",
+  });
+
+  // other lengthables keep counting elements
+  expect(z.array(z.string()).max(2).safeParse(["a", "b", "c"]).success).toBe(false);
+  expect(z.array(z.string()).length(2).safeParse(["\u{1F600}", "\u{1F600}"]).success).toBe(true);
+});
+
 test("trim", () => {
   expect(z.string().trim().min(2).parse(" 12 ")).toEqual("12");
 
@@ -724,6 +1069,24 @@ test("lowerCase", () => {
   expect(z.string().toUpperCase().parse("asdf")).toEqual("ASDF");
 });
 
+test("slugify", () => {
+  expect(z.string().slugify().parse("Hello World")).toEqual("hello-world");
+  expect(z.string().slugify().parse("  Hello   World  ")).toEqual("hello-world");
+  expect(z.string().slugify().parse("Hello@World#123")).toEqual("helloworld123");
+  expect(z.string().slugify().parse("Hello-World")).toEqual("hello-world");
+  expect(z.string().slugify().parse("Hello_World")).toEqual("hello-world");
+  expect(z.string().slugify().parse("---Hello---World---")).toEqual("hello-world");
+  expect(z.string().slugify().parse("Hello  World")).toEqual("hello-world");
+  expect(z.string().slugify().parse("Hello!@#$%^&*()World")).toEqual("helloworld");
+
+  // can be used with check
+  expect(z.string().check(z.slugify()).parse("Hello World")).toEqual("hello-world");
+
+  // can be chained with other methods
+  expect(z.string().slugify().min(5).parse("Hello World")).toEqual("hello-world");
+  expect(() => z.string().slugify().min(20).parse("Hello World")).toThrow();
+});
+
 // test("IP validation", () => {
 //   const ipSchema = z.string().ip();
 
@@ -808,6 +1171,58 @@ test("IPv6 validation", () => {
   expect(() => ipv6.parse("254.164.77.1")).toThrow();
 });
 
+test("MAC validation", () => {
+  const mac = z.mac();
+
+  // Valid MAC addresses
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:11:22:33:44:55").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("A1:B2:C3:D4:E5:F6").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("10:20:30:40:50:60").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("12:34:56:78:9A:BC").success).toBe(true);
+
+  // Invalid MAC addresses
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1A-2B:3C-4D:5E").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:4D").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:4D").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00-1A-2B-3C-4D").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("01-23-45-67-89-AB").success).toBe(false); // Dash delimiter not accepted by default
+  expect(mac.safeParse("AA-BB-CC-DD-EE-FF").success).toBe(false); // Dash delimiter not accepted by default
+  expect(mac.safeParse("DE-AD-BE-EF-00-01").success).toBe(false); // Dash delimiter not accepted by default
+  expect(mac.safeParse("98-76-54-32-10-FF").success).toBe(false); // Dash delimiter not accepted by default
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:4D:GZ").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E:GG").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("123:45:67:89:AB:CD").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00--1A:2B:3C:4D:5E").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1A::2B:3C:4D:5E").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:3C:2B:1A:00").success).toBe(false); // Disallow EUI-64
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1a:2B:3c:4D:5e").success).toBe(false); // Disallow mixed-case
+
+  // MAC formats that are nonstandard but occassionally referenced, ex. https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-MACADDR
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E:FF").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("001A2B:3C4D5E").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("001A:2B3C:4D5E").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("001A.2B3C.4D5E").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("001A2B3C4D5E").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(mac.safeParse("00.1A.2B.3C.4D.5E").success).toBe(false);
+});
+
+test("MAC validation with custom delimiter", () => {
+  const colonMac = z.mac({ delimiter: ":" });
+  expect(colonMac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(colonMac.safeParse("00-1A-2B-3C-4D-5E").success).toBe(false);
+
+  const dashMac = z.mac({ delimiter: "-" });
+  expect(dashMac.safeParse("00-1A-2B-3C-4D-5E").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(dashMac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E").success).toBe(false);
+
+  const colonOnlyMac = z.mac({ delimiter: ":" });
+  expect(colonOnlyMac.safeParse("00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(colonOnlyMac.safeParse("00-1A-2B-3C-4D-5E").success).toBe(false);
+});
+
 test("CIDR v4 validation", () => {
   const cidrV4 = z.string().cidrv4();
 
@@ -835,6 +1250,14 @@ test("CIDR v6 validation", () => {
   expect(cidrV6.safeParse("fe80::/10").success).toBe(true);
   expect(cidrV6.safeParse("::1/128").success).toBe(true);
   expect(cidrV6.safeParse("2001:0db8:85a3::/64").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(cidrV6.safeParse("2001:db8:1::/48").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(cidrV6.safeParse("2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334/64").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(cidrV6.safeParse("2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334/64").success).toBe(true);
+
+  const pattern = new RegExp(z.toJSONSchema(cidrV6).pattern as string);
+  for (const input of ["2001:db8::/32", "2001:db8:1::/48", "2001:0db8:85a3::/64", "fe80::/10", "::/0"]) {
+    expect(pattern.test(input)).toBe(true);
+  }
 
   // Invalid CIDR v6 addresses
   expect(cidrV6.safeParse("2001:db8::").success).toBe(false); // Missing prefix
@@ -842,6 +1265,9 @@ test("CIDR v6 validation", () => {
   expect(cidrV6.safeParse("2001:db8::/abc").success).toBe(false); // Invalid prefix format
   expect(cidrV6.safeParse("not a cidr").success).toBe(false); // Invalid format
   expect(cidrV6.safeParse("192.168.0.0/24").success).toBe(false); // IPv4 CIDR in v6 validation
+  expect(cidrV6.safeParse("2001:0db8:85a3::/64/whatever-after").success).toBe(false);
+  expect(cidrV6.safeParse("22d9:f4a8:6a90:f3bf:dcaa:2beb:5fba:0000/112").success).toBe(true);
+  expect(cidrV6.safeParse("22d9:f4a8:6a90:f3bf:dcaa:2beb:5fba:0000/112/268").success).toBe(false);
 });
 
 test("E.164 validation", () => {
@@ -871,6 +1297,8 @@ test("E.164 validation", () => {
     "+1 555 555 555", // space after plus sign
     "+1555 555 555", // space between numbers
     "+1555+555", // multiple plus signs
+    "+0000000", // leading zero country code
+    "+0123456789", // leading zero with more digits
     "+1555555555555555", // too long
     "+115abc55", // non numeric characters in number part
     "+1555555 ", // space after number
@@ -879,3 +1307,134 @@ test("E.164 validation", () => {
   expect(validE164Numbers.every((number) => e164Number.safeParse(number).success)).toBe(true);
   expect(invalidE164Numbers.every((number) => e164Number.safeParse(number).success === false)).toBe(true);
 });
+
+test("hostname", () => {
+  const hostname = z.hostname();
+
+  // Valid hostnames
+  hostname.parse("localhost");
+  hostname.parse("example.com");
+  hostname.parse("sub.example.com");
+  hostname.parse("a-b-c.example.com");
+  hostname.parse("123.example.com");
+  hostname.parse("example-123.com");
+  hostname.parse("example-123.1234");
+  hostname.parse("developer.mozilla.org");
+  hostname.parse("hello.world.example.com");
+  hostname.parse("www.google.com");
+  hostname.parse("192.168.1.1");
+  hostname.parse("xn--d1acj3b.com");
+  hostname.parse("xn--d1acj3b.org");
+  hostname.parse("xn--d1acj3b");
+
+  // Invalid hostnames
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("example..com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("example-.com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("-example.com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("example.com-")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("example_com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("example.com:8080")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("http://example.com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("ht!tp://invalid.com")).toThrow();
+
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("xn--d1acj3b..com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("ex@mple.com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("[2001:db8::zzzz]")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("exa mple.com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("-example.com")).toThrow();
+  expect(() => hostname.parse("example..com")).toThrow();
+});
+
+test("currency code", () => {
+  const currency = z.currencyCode();
+  for (const code of ["USD", "EUR", "XXX", "XCG", "XAD"]) expect(currency.parse(code)).toBe(code);
+  for (const input of ["", "usd", "US", "USDX", " USD", "ANG", "BGN"])
+    expect(currency.safeParse(input).success).toBe(false);
+  expect(currency.safeParse("usd").error!.issues[0]).toMatchObject({
+    code: "invalid_format",
+    format: "currency_code",
+    message: "Invalid currency code",
+  });
+});
+
+test("hash validation", () => {
+  // MD5 tests
+  const md5hex = z.hash("md5");
+  const md5base64 = z.hash("md5", { enc: "base64" });
+  const md5base64url = z.hash("md5", { enc: "base64url" });
+
+  // Valid MD5 hashes
+  expect(md5hex.parse("5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592")).toBe("5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592");
+  expect(md5hex.parse("5D41402ABC4B2A76B9719D911017C592")).toBe("5D41402ABC4B2A76B9719D911017C592"); // uppercase
+  expect(md5base64.parse("XUFAKrxLKna5cZ2REBfFkg==")).toBe("XUFAKrxLKna5cZ2REBfFkg==");
+  expect(md5base64url.parse("XUFAKrxLKna5cZ2REBfFkg")).toBe("XUFAKrxLKna5cZ2REBfFkg");
+
+  // Invalid MD5 hashes
+  expect(() => md5hex.parse("5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c59")).toThrow(); // too short
+  expect(() => md5hex.parse("5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592x")).toThrow(); // too long
+  expect(() => md5base64.parse("XUFAKrxLKna5cZ2REBfFkg=")).toThrow(); // wrong padding
+  expect(() => md5base64url.parse("XUFAKrxLKna5cZ2REBfFkg=")).toThrow(); // has padding
+
+  // SHA1 tests
+  const sha1hex = z.hash("sha1");
+  const sha1base64 = z.hash("sha1", { enc: "base64" });
+  const sha1base64url = z.hash("sha1", { enc: "base64url" });
+
+  // Valid SHA1 hashes
+  expect(sha1hex.parse("aaf4c61ddcc5e8a2dabede0f3b482cd9aea9434d")).toBe("aaf4c61ddcc5e8a2dabede0f3b482cd9aea9434d");
+  expect(sha1base64.parse("qvTGHdzF6KLavt4PO0gs2a6pQ00=")).toBe("qvTGHdzF6KLavt4PO0gs2a6pQ00=");
+  expect(sha1base64url.parse("qvTGHdzF6KLavt4PO0gs2a6pQ00")).toBe("qvTGHdzF6KLavt4PO0gs2a6pQ00");
+
+  // SHA256 tests
+  const sha256hex = z.hash("sha256");
+  const sha256base64 = z.hash("sha256", { enc: "base64" });
+  const sha256base64url = z.hash("sha256", { enc: "base64url" });
+
+  // Valid SHA256 hashes
+  expect(sha256hex.parse("2cf24dba4f21d4288094c4a2e2c2d6c6b0c3e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8")).toBe(
+    "2cf24dba4f21d4288094c4a2e2c2d6c6b0c3e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8"
+  );
+  expect(sha256base64.parse("LPJNul+wow4m6DsqxbninhsWHlwfp0JecwQzYpOLmCQ=")).toBe(
+    "LPJNul+wow4m6DsqxbninhsWHlwfp0JecwQzYpOLmCQ="
+  );
+  expect(sha256base64url.parse("LPJNul-wow4m6DsqxbninhsWHlwfp0JecwQzYpOLmCQ")).toBe(
+    "LPJNul-wow4m6DsqxbninhsWHlwfp0JecwQzYpOLmCQ"
+  );
+
+  // SHA384 tests (no padding in base64)
+  const sha384hex = z.hash("sha384");
+  const sha384base64 = z.hash("sha384", { enc: "base64" });
+
+  expect(
+    sha384hex.parse("59e1748777448c69de6b800d7a33bbfb9ff1b463e44354c3553bcdb9c666fa90125a3c79f90397bdf5f6a13de828684f")
+  ).toBe("59e1748777448c69de6b800d7a33bbfb9ff1b463e44354c3553bcdb9c666fa90125a3c79f90397bdf5f6a13de828684f");
+  expect(sha384base64.parse("WeF0h3dEjGneawDXozO7+5/xtGPkQ1TDVTvNucZm+pASWjx5+QOXvfX2oT3oKGhP")).toBe(
+    "WeF0h3dEjGneawDXozO7+5/xtGPkQ1TDVTvNucZm+pASWjx5+QOXvfX2oT3oKGhP"
+  );
+
+  // SHA512 tests
+  const sha512hex = z.hash("sha512");
+  const sha512base64 = z.hash("sha512", { enc: "base64" });
+
+  expect(
+    sha512hex.parse(
+      "9b71d224bd62f3785d96d46ad3ea3d73319bfbc2890caadae2dff72519673ca72323c3d99ba5c11d7c7acc6e14b8c5da0c4663475c2e5c3adef46f73bcdec043"
+    )
+  ).toBe(
+    "9b71d224bd62f3785d96d46ad3ea3d73319bfbc2890caadae2dff72519673ca72323c3d99ba5c11d7c7acc6e14b8c5da0c4663475c2e5c3adef46f73bcdec043"
+  );
+  expect(
+    sha512base64.parse("m3HSJL1i83hdltRq0+o9czGb+8KJDKra4t/3JRlnPKcjI8PZm6XBHXx6zG4UuMXaDEZjR1wuXDre9G9zvN7AQw==")
+  ).toBe("m3HSJL1i83hdltRq0+o9czGb+8KJDKra4t/3JRlnPKcjI8PZm6XBHXx6zG4UuMXaDEZjR1wuXDre9G9zvN7AQw==");
+
+  // Test default encoding (hex)
+  const defaultHash = z.hash("sha256");
+  expect(defaultHash.parse("2cf24dba4f21d4288094c4a2e2c2d6c6b0c3e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8")).toBe(
+    "2cf24dba4f21d4288094c4a2e2c2d6c6b0c3e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8f0e0c8"
+  );
+
+  // Test with custom error message
+  const hashWithMessage = z.hash("md5", { message: "Invalid MD5 hash" });
+  expect(() => hashWithMessage.parse("invalid")).toThrow("Invalid MD5 hash");
+});