@suveren/gateway 0.39.0 → 0.41.0

package/node_modules/zod/v4/core/schemas.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import * as checks from "./checks.js";
 import * as core from "./core.js";
 import { Doc } from "./doc.js";
-import { safeParse, safeParseAsync } from "./parse.js";
+import { parse, parseAsync } from "./parse.js";
 import * as regexes from "./regexes.js";
 import * as util from "./util.js";
 import { version } from "./versions.js";
@@ -11,20 +11,20 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
     inst._zod.def = def; // set _def property
     inst._zod.bag = inst._zod.bag || {}; // initialize _bag object
     inst._zod.version = version;
-    const checks = [...(inst._zod.def.checks ?? [])];
+    const defChecks = inst._zod.def.checks;
     // if inst is itself a checks.$ZodCheck, run it as a check
-    if (inst._zod.traits.has("$ZodCheck")) {
-        checks.unshift(inst);
-    }
-    //
+    const checks = inst._zod.traits.has("$ZodCheck")
+        ? [inst, ...(defChecks ?? [])]
+        : defChecks?.length
+            ? [...defChecks]
+            : [];
     for (const ch of checks) {
         for (const fn of ch._zod.onattach) {
             fn(inst);
         }
     }
     if (checks.length === 0) {
-        // deferred initializer
-        // inst._zod.parse is not yet defined
+        // deferred initializer inst._zod.parse is not yet defined
         (_a = inst._zod).deferred ?? (_a.deferred = []);
         inst._zod.deferred?.push(() => {
             inst._zod.run = inst._zod.parse;
@@ -32,10 +32,14 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
     }
     else {
         const runChecks = (payload, checks, ctx) => {
+            if (payload.memo)
+                return payload;
             let isAborted = util.aborted(payload);
             let asyncResult;
             for (const ch of checks) {
                 if (ch._zod.def.when) {
+                    if (util.explicitlyAborted(payload))
+                        continue;
                     const shouldRun = ch._zod.def.when(payload);
                     if (!shouldRun)
                         continue;
@@ -54,6 +58,7 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
                         const nextLen = payload.issues.length;
                         if (nextLen === currLen)
                             return;
+                        util.attachSchema(payload.issues, currLen, inst);
                         if (!isAborted)
                             isAborted = util.aborted(payload, currLen);
                     });
@@ -62,6 +67,7 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
                     const nextLen = payload.issues.length;
                     if (nextLen === currLen)
                         continue;
+                    util.attachSchema(payload.issues, currLen, inst);
                     if (!isAborted)
                         isAborted = util.aborted(payload, currLen);
                 }
@@ -73,7 +79,36 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
             }
             return payload;
         };
+        const handleCanaryResult = (canary, payload, ctx) => {
+            // abort if the canary is aborted
+            if (util.aborted(canary)) {
+                canary.aborted = true;
+                return canary;
+            }
+            // run checks first, then
+            const checkResult = runChecks(payload, checks, ctx);
+            if (checkResult instanceof Promise) {
+                if (ctx.async === false)
+                    throw new core.$ZodAsyncError();
+                return checkResult.then((checkResult) => inst._zod.parse(checkResult, ctx));
+            }
+            return inst._zod.parse(checkResult, ctx);
+        };
         inst._zod.run = (payload, ctx) => {
+            if (ctx.skipChecks) {
+                return inst._zod.parse(payload, ctx);
+            }
+            if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
+                // run canary initial pass (no checks)
+                const canary = inst._zod.parse({ value: payload.value, issues: [] }, { ...ctx, skipChecks: true });
+                if (canary instanceof Promise) {
+                    return canary.then((canary) => {
+                        return handleCanaryResult(canary, payload, ctx);
+                    });
+                }
+                return handleCanaryResult(canary, payload, ctx);
+            }
+            // forward
             const result = inst._zod.parse(payload, ctx);
             if (result instanceof Promise) {
                 if (ctx.async === false)
@@ -83,24 +118,44 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
             return runChecks(result, checks, ctx);
         };
     }
-    inst["~standard"] = {
+}, {
+    // Wrappers extend this by installing a richer factory over it; reading it eagerly would defeat the laziness.
+    get "~standard"() {
+        return util.hide(this, "~standard", standardProps(this));
+    },
+    set "~standard"(value) {
+        util.own(this, "~standard", value);
+    },
+});
+/** The Standard Schema surface for `inst`. Shared so wrappers can extend it without forcing it. */
+// a Standard Schema result only reports issues, so a failure finalizes them straight off the raw payload: no ZodError, and no lazy result to read through
+const toStandardResult = (r, ctx) => r.issues.length ? { issues: r.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())) } : { value: r.value };
+async function validateAsync(inst, value) {
+    const ctx = { async: true };
+    return toStandardResult((await inst._zod.run({ value, issues: [] }, ctx)), ctx);
+}
+export function standardProps(inst) {
+    return {
         validate: (value) => {
+            const ctx = { async: false };
             try {
-                const r = safeParse(inst, value);
-                return r.success ? { value: r.data } : { issues: r.error?.issues };
-            }
-            catch (_) {
-                return safeParseAsync(inst, value).then((r) => (r.success ? { value: r.data } : { issues: r.error?.issues }));
+                const r = inst._zod.run({ value, issues: [] }, ctx);
+                if (!(r instanceof Promise))
+                    return toStandardResult(r, ctx);
             }
+            catch (_) { }
+            // async function so a synchronously throwing check rejects instead of escaping validate
+            return validateAsync(inst, value);
         },
         vendor: "zod",
         version: 1,
     };
-});
+}
 export { clone } from "./util.js";
 export const $ZodString = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodString", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.pattern = [...(inst?._zod.bag?.patterns ?? [])].pop() ?? regexes.string(inst._zod.bag);
+    // a format's own pattern, else unbounded; a template literal derives the check-aware form itself
+    inst._zod.pattern = def.pattern ?? regexes.anyString;
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _) => {
         if (def.coerce)
             try {
@@ -152,48 +207,115 @@ export const $ZodEmail = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodEmail", (inst, def
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.email);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
+/** The `://` guard rejected the input before the URL constructor saw it. */
+export const URL_BAD_FORMAT = 1;
+/** The URL parser rejected the input. */
+export const URL_UNPARSEABLE = 2;
+export function canParseURL(input) {
+    try {
+        if (typeof URL !== "undefined" && typeof URL.canParse === "function")
+            return URL.canParse(input);
+        new URL(input);
+        return true;
+    }
+    catch {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+export function validateURL(trimmed, def) {
+    if (!("normalize" in def) && !("hostname" in def) && !("protocol" in def)) {
+        return canParseURL(trimmed) || URL_UNPARSEABLE;
+    }
+    return parseURLObject(trimmed, def);
+}
+/** Parses a URL while preserving the non-normalizing HTTP guard. */
+export function parseURLObject(trimmed, def) {
+    // When normalize is off, require :// for http/https URLs. This prevents strings like "http:example.com" or "https:/path" from being silently accepted
+    if (!def.normalize && def.protocol?.source === regexes.httpProtocol.source && !/^https?:\/\//i.test(trimmed)) {
+        return URL_BAD_FORMAT;
+    }
+    try {
+        if (typeof URL !== "undefined") {
+            const URLStatic = URL;
+            if (typeof URLStatic.parse === "function")
+                return URLStatic.parse(trimmed) ?? URL_UNPARSEABLE;
+        }
+        // @ts-ignore
+        return new URL(trimmed);
+    }
+    catch {
+        return URL_UNPARSEABLE;
+    }
+}
+const asciiTabOrNewline = /[\t\n\r]/g;
+/** The URL parser deletes every ASCII tab, LF and CR from its input before it parses, so `new URL("https://exa\nmple.com")` reports on `example.com`. Applying the same deletion to the returned value closes the half of that divergence which can move the host; the parser's other rewrite, stripping C0 controls at the edges, cannot. */
+export function stripTabAndNewline(value) {
+    return value.replace(asciiTabOrNewline, "");
+}
+export function urlHostnameOk(url, hostname) {
+    hostname.lastIndex = 0;
+    return hostname.test(url.hostname);
+}
+export function urlProtocolOk(url, protocol) {
+    protocol.lastIndex = 0;
+    return protocol.test(url.protocol.endsWith(":") ? url.protocol.slice(0, -1) : url.protocol);
+}
 export const $ZodURL = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodURL", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
         try {
-            const orig = payload.value;
-            const url = new URL(orig);
-            const href = url.href;
-            if (def.hostname) {
-                def.hostname.lastIndex = 0;
-                if (!def.hostname.test(url.hostname)) {
-                    payload.issues.push({
-                        code: "invalid_format",
-                        format: "url",
-                        note: "Invalid hostname",
-                        pattern: regexes.hostname.source,
-                        input: payload.value,
-                        inst,
-                        continue: !def.abort,
-                    });
-                }
+            // Trim whitespace from input
+            const trimmed = payload.value.trim();
+            const url = validateURL(trimmed, def);
+            if (url === URL_BAD_FORMAT) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "invalid_format",
+                    format: "url",
+                    note: "Invalid URL format",
+                    input: payload.value,
+                    inst,
+                    continue: !def.abort,
+                });
+                return;
             }
-            if (def.protocol) {
-                def.protocol.lastIndex = 0;
-                if (!def.protocol.test(url.protocol.endsWith(":") ? url.protocol.slice(0, -1) : url.protocol)) {
-                    payload.issues.push({
-                        code: "invalid_format",
-                        format: "url",
-                        note: "Invalid protocol",
-                        pattern: def.protocol.source,
-                        input: payload.value,
-                        inst,
-                        continue: !def.abort,
-                    });
-                }
+            if (url === URL_UNPARSEABLE) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "invalid_format",
+                    format: "url",
+                    input: payload.value,
+                    inst,
+                    continue: !def.abort,
+                });
+                return;
             }
-            // payload.value = url.href;
-            if (!orig.endsWith("/") && href.endsWith("/")) {
-                payload.value = href.slice(0, -1);
+            if (url === true) {
+                payload.value = stripTabAndNewline(trimmed);
+                return;
             }
-            else {
-                payload.value = href;
+            if (def.hostname && !urlHostnameOk(url, def.hostname)) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "invalid_format",
+                    format: "url",
+                    note: "Invalid hostname",
+                    pattern: def.hostname.source,
+                    input: payload.value,
+                    inst,
+                    continue: !def.abort,
+                });
+            }
+            if (def.protocol && !urlProtocolOk(url, def.protocol)) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "invalid_format",
+                    format: "url",
+                    note: "Invalid protocol",
+                    pattern: def.protocol.source,
+                    input: payload.value,
+                    inst,
+                    continue: !def.abort,
+                });
             }
+            // Set the output value based on normalize flag
+            payload.value = def.normalize ? url.href : stripTabAndNewline(trimmed);
             return;
         }
         catch (_) {
@@ -212,9 +334,16 @@ export const $ZodEmoji = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodEmoji", (inst, def
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
 export const $ZodNanoID = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNanoID", (inst, def) => {
-    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.nanoid);
+    if (def.length !== undefined && (!Number.isInteger(def.length) || def.length < 1))
+        throw new Error(`Invalid nanoid length: ${def.length}`);
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = def.length === undefined ? regexes.nanoid : regexes.nanoidOfLength(def.length));
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
+/**
+ * @deprecated CUID v1 is deprecated by its authors due to information leakage
+ * (timestamps embedded in the id). Use {@link $ZodCUID2} instead.
+ * See https://github.com/paralleldrive/cuid.
+ */
 export const $ZodCUID = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCUID", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.cuid);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
@@ -254,24 +383,19 @@ export const $ZodISODuration = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodISODuration"
 export const $ZodIPv4 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIPv4", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.ipv4);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.onattach.push((inst) => {
-        const bag = inst._zod.bag;
-        bag.format = `ipv4`;
-    });
 });
+/** An IPv6 address is written with hex digits, colons and dots, and nothing else. The guard is what makes the check below an IPv6 check: `new URL("http://[...]")` parses an authority, not an address, so `@` and `\` re-delimit it and `"::@1\\"` validates against the host `0.0.0.1`. The URL parser also deletes ASCII tab, LF and CR rather than failing, which is how `"::1\n"` validated as `::1`. */
+const ipv6Alphabet = /^[0-9a-fA-F:.]+$/;
+export function isValidIPv6(value) {
+    if (!ipv6Alphabet.test(value))
+        return false;
+    return canParseURL(`http://[${value}]`);
+}
 export const $ZodIPv6 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIPv6", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.ipv6);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.onattach.push((inst) => {
-        const bag = inst._zod.bag;
-        bag.format = `ipv6`;
-    });
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
-        try {
-            new URL(`http://[${payload.value}]`);
-            // return;
-        }
-        catch {
+        if (!isValidIPv6(payload.value)) {
             payload.issues.push({
                 code: "invalid_format",
                 format: "ipv6",
@@ -282,26 +406,33 @@ export const $ZodIPv6 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIPv6", (inst, def)
         }
     };
 });
+export const $ZodMAC = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodMAC", (inst, def) => {
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.mac(def.delimiter));
+    $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
+});
 export const $ZodCIDRv4 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCIDRv4", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.cidrv4);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
+export function isValidCIDRv6(value) {
+    const parts = value.split("/");
+    if (parts.length !== 2)
+        return false;
+    const [address, prefix] = parts;
+    if (!prefix)
+        return false;
+    const prefixNum = Number(prefix);
+    if (`${prefixNum}` !== prefix)
+        return false;
+    if (prefixNum < 0 || prefixNum > 128)
+        return false;
+    return isValidIPv6(address);
+}
 export const $ZodCIDRv6 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCIDRv6", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.cidrv6); // not used for validation
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
-        const [address, prefix] = payload.value.split("/");
-        try {
-            if (!prefix)
-                throw new Error();
-            const prefixNum = Number(prefix);
-            if (`${prefixNum}` !== prefix)
-                throw new Error();
-            if (prefixNum < 0 || prefixNum > 128)
-                throw new Error();
-            new URL(`http://[${address}]`);
-        }
-        catch {
+        if (!isValidCIDRv6(payload.value)) {
             payload.issues.push({
                 code: "invalid_format",
                 format: "cidrv6",
@@ -316,9 +447,13 @@ export const $ZodCIDRv6 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCIDRv6", (inst, d
 export function isValidBase64(data) {
     if (data === "")
         return true;
+    // atob ignores whitespace, so reject it up front.
+    if (/\s/.test(data))
+        return false;
     if (data.length % 4 !== 0)
         return false;
     try {
+        // @ts-ignore
         atob(data);
         return true;
     }
@@ -326,12 +461,11 @@ export function isValidBase64(data) {
         return false;
     }
 }
+// lax on purpose: the quantified regexes.base64 overflows the regex stack on multi-MB input and its leading ^$| alternation leaks through template-literal composition; isValidBase64 enforces length and padding
+export const base64Charset = /^[0-9a-zA-Z+/]*={0,2}$/;
 export const $ZodBase64 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBase64", (inst, def) => {
-    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.base64);
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = base64Charset);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.onattach.push((inst) => {
-        inst._zod.bag.contentEncoding = "base64";
-    });
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
         if (isValidBase64(payload.value))
             return;
@@ -344,20 +478,19 @@ export const $ZodBase64 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBase64", (inst, d
         });
     };
 });
-//////////////////////////////   ZodBase64   //////////////////////////////
+//////////////////////////////   ZodBase64URL   //////////////////////////////
+// lax on purpose: the quantified regexes.base64url overflows the regex stack on multi-MB input; isValidBase64 enforces length on the padded string
+export const base64urlCharset = /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]*$/;
 export function isValidBase64URL(data) {
-    if (!regexes.base64url.test(data))
+    if (!base64urlCharset.test(data))
         return false;
     const base64 = data.replace(/[-_]/g, (c) => (c === "-" ? "+" : "/"));
     const padded = base64.padEnd(Math.ceil(base64.length / 4) * 4, "=");
     return isValidBase64(padded);
 }
 export const $ZodBase64URL = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBase64URL", (inst, def) => {
-    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.base64url);
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = base64urlCharset);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.onattach.push((inst) => {
-        inst._zod.bag.contentEncoding = "base64url";
-    });
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
         if (isValidBase64URL(payload.value))
             return;
@@ -374,6 +507,77 @@ export const $ZodE164 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodE164", (inst, def)
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.e164);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
+//////////////////////////////   ZodCreditCard   //////////////////////////////
+const CC_SANITIZE = /[- ]/g;
+/** Luhn checksum on a digit-only string. Adapted from valibot (MIT). */
+function isLuhnAlgo(digits) {
+    let length = digits.length;
+    let bit = 1;
+    let sum = 0;
+    while (length) {
+        const value = digits.charCodeAt(--length) - 48;
+        bit ^= 1;
+        sum += bit ? [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9][value] : value;
+    }
+    return sum % 10 === 0;
+}
+export function isValidCreditCard(input) {
+    if (!regexes.creditCard.test(input))
+        return false;
+    return isLuhnAlgo(input.replace(CC_SANITIZE, ""));
+}
+export const $ZodCreditCard = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCreditCard", (inst, def) => {
+    // Shape only — the Luhn check below is not expressible as a pattern, so consumers of `pattern` (JSON Schema, template literals) get the length and separator rules alone.
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.creditCard);
+    $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
+    inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
+        if (isValidCreditCard(payload.value))
+            return;
+        payload.issues.push({
+            code: "invalid_format",
+            format: "credit_card",
+            input: payload.value,
+            inst,
+            continue: !def.abort,
+        });
+    };
+});
+//////////////////////////////   ZodIBAN   //////////////////////////////
+// iso 7064 mod 97-10 checksum without BigInt
+function isIso7064Mod97(iban) {
+    let remainder = 0;
+    const len = iban.length;
+    for (let i = 4; i < len; i++) {
+        const code = iban.charCodeAt(i);
+        remainder = (code >= 65 ? remainder * 100 + (code - 55) : remainder * 10 + (code - 48)) % 97;
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        const code = iban.charCodeAt(i);
+        remainder = (code >= 65 ? remainder * 100 + (code - 55) : remainder * 10 + (code - 48)) % 97;
+    }
+    return remainder === 1;
+}
+export function isValidIBAN(input) {
+    if (!regexes.iban.test(input))
+        return false;
+    return isIso7064Mod97(input);
+}
+export const $ZodIBAN = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIBAN", (inst, def) => {
+    // shape only — checksum is not expressible as a pattern
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.iban);
+    $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
+    inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
+        if (isValidIBAN(payload.value))
+            return;
+        payload.issues.push({
+            code: "invalid_format",
+            format: "iban",
+            input: payload.value,
+            inst,
+            continue: !def.abort,
+        });
+    };
+});
 //////////////////////////////   ZodJWT   //////////////////////////////
 export function isValidJWT(token, algorithm = null) {
     try {
@@ -383,6 +587,7 @@ export function isValidJWT(token, algorithm = null) {
         const [header] = tokensParts;
         if (!header)
             return false;
+        // @ts-ignore
         const parsedHeader = JSON.parse(atob(header));
         if ("typ" in parsedHeader && parsedHeader?.typ !== "JWT")
             return false;
@@ -426,7 +631,7 @@ export const $ZodCustomStringFormat = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCusto
 });
 export const $ZodNumber = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNumber", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.pattern = inst._zod.bag.pattern ?? regexes.number;
+    inst._zod.pattern = regexes.number;
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         if (def.coerce)
             try {
@@ -441,7 +646,7 @@ export const $ZodNumber = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNumber", (inst, d
             ? Number.isNaN(input)
                 ? "NaN"
                 : !Number.isFinite(input)
-                    ? "Infinity"
+                    ? String(input)
                     : undefined
             : undefined;
         payload.issues.push({
@@ -454,9 +659,9 @@ export const $ZodNumber = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNumber", (inst, d
         return payload;
     };
 });
-export const $ZodNumberFormat = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNumber", (inst, def) => {
+export const $ZodNumberFormat = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNumberFormat", (inst, def) => {
     checks.$ZodCheckNumberFormat.init(inst, def);
-    $ZodNumber.init(inst, def); // no format checksp
+    $ZodNumber.init(inst, def); // no format checks
 });
 export const $ZodBoolean = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBoolean", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
@@ -499,7 +704,7 @@ export const $ZodBigInt = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBigInt", (inst, d
         return payload;
     };
 });
-export const $ZodBigIntFormat = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBigInt", (inst, def) => {
+export const $ZodBigIntFormat = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBigIntFormat", (inst, def) => {
     checks.$ZodCheckBigIntFormat.init(inst, def);
     $ZodBigInt.init(inst, def); // no format checks
 });
@@ -522,8 +727,6 @@ export const $ZodUndefined = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodUndefined", (i
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     inst._zod.pattern = regexes.undefined;
     inst._zod.values = new Set([undefined]);
-    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
-    inst._zod.optout = "optional";
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (typeof input === "undefined")
@@ -613,6 +816,33 @@ export const $ZodDate = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodDate", (inst, def)
         return payload;
     };
 });
+// an oversized container fails its leading size checks before any element is parsed
+function capSize(inst, size) {
+    const caps = util.sizeCaps(inst._zod.def.checks);
+    if (!caps.length)
+        return;
+    const cap = Math.min(...caps.map((c) => c[0]));
+    const parse = inst._zod.parse;
+    inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        const n = size(payload.value);
+        if (n > cap && !ctx?.skipChecks && ctx?.direction !== "backward") {
+            for (const [max, ch] of util.sizeCaps(inst._zod.def.checks)) {
+                if (n > max && ch._zod.def.when(payload)) {
+                    const start = payload.issues.length;
+                    ch._zod.check(payload);
+                    // the value is still the raw input, so no later check may read it
+                    payload.issues[start].continue = false;
+                    util.attachSchema(payload.issues, start, inst);
+                    return payload;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return parse(payload, ctx);
+    };
+}
+const arraySize = (input) => (Array.isArray(input) ? input.length : -1);
+const mapSize = (input) => (input instanceof Map ? input.size : -1);
+const setSize = (input) => (input instanceof Set ? input.size : -1);
 function handleArrayResult(result, final, index) {
     if (result.issues.length) {
         final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(index, result.issues));
@@ -621,6 +851,8 @@ function handleArrayResult(result, final, index) {
 }
 export const $ZodArray = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodArray", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!Array.isArray(input)) {
@@ -632,8 +864,9 @@ export const $ZodArray = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodArray", (inst, def
             });
             return payload;
         }
-        payload.value = Array(input.length);
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, Array(input.length), ctx) : Array(input.length);
         const proms = [];
+        const abortEarly = ctx?.abortEarly;
         for (let i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
             const item = input[i];
             const result = def.element._zod.run({
@@ -645,6 +878,9 @@ export const $ZodArray = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodArray", (inst, def
             }
             else {
                 handleArrayResult(result, payload, i);
+                // the element's payload is authoritative here, since handleArrayResult forwards every issue; an object's is not, because it drops a failed absent optional
+                if (abortEarly && result.issues.length !== 0 && util.aborted(result))
+                    break;
             }
         }
         if (proms.length) {
@@ -652,129 +888,306 @@ export const $ZodArray = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodArray", (inst, def
         }
         return payload; //handleArrayResultsAsync(parseResults, final);
     };
+    capSize(inst, arraySize);
 });
-function handleObjectResult(result, final, key) {
-    // if(isOptional)
-    if (result.issues.length) {
-        final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
+function handlePropertyResult(result, final, key, input, optin, optout) {
+    const isPresent = key in input;
+    const isOptionalOut = optout === "optional";
+    // The middle rung means "absence permitted, nothing supplied in its place", so an absent key contributes nothing — whatever the schema made of `undefined` is invented, not substituted. Only `optional` reaches this with a value: `defaulted` substitutes, and a schema that isn't optional-out has to keep the key.
+    if (!isPresent && isOptionalOut && optin === "optional") {
+        return;
     }
-    final.value[key] = result.value;
-}
-function handleOptionalObjectResult(result, final, key, input) {
     if (result.issues.length) {
-        // validation failed against value schema
-        if (input[key] === undefined) {
-            // if input was undefined, ignore the error
-            if (key in input) {
-                final.value[key] = undefined;
-            }
-            else {
-                final.value[key] = result.value;
-            }
+        // For optional-in/out schemas, ignore errors on absent keys.
+        if (optin !== undefined && isOptionalOut && !isPresent) {
+            return;
         }
-        else {
-            final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
+        final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
+    }
+    if (!isPresent && optin === undefined) {
+        if (!result.issues.length) {
+            final.issues.push({
+                code: "invalid_type",
+                expected: "nonoptional",
+                input: undefined,
+                path: [key],
+            });
         }
+        return;
     }
-    else if (result.value === undefined) {
-        // validation returned `undefined`
-        if (key in input)
+    if (result.value === undefined) {
+        if (isPresent || (optin === "defaulted" && !isOptionalOut)) {
             final.value[key] = undefined;
+        }
     }
     else {
-        // non-undefined value
         final.value[key] = result.value;
     }
 }
+// one shared instance; a fresh [] per schema cost 56 bytes retained
+const NO_SYMBOL_KEYS = [];
+function normalizeDef(def) {
+    const keys = Object.keys(def.shape);
+    const ownSymbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(def.shape);
+    const symbolKeys = ownSymbols.length ? ownSymbols : NO_SYMBOL_KEYS;
+    // aliases `keys` when there are no symbols, so a string-only shape keeps one array
+    const allKeys = symbolKeys.length ? [...keys, ...symbolKeys] : keys;
+    for (const k of allKeys) {
+        if (!def.shape?.[k]?._zod?.traits?.has("$ZodType")) {
+            throw new Error(`Invalid element at key "${String(k)}": expected a Zod schema`);
+        }
+    }
+    const okeys = util.optionalKeys(def.shape);
+    return {
+        ...def,
+        allKeys,
+        symbolKeys,
+        // string-only: handleCatchall matches it against `for...in`, which never yields a symbol
+        keySet: new Set(keys),
+        numKeys: keys.length,
+        optionalKeys: new Set(okeys),
+    };
+}
+function handleCatchall(proms, input, payload, ctx, def, inst, abortEarly) {
+    const unrecognized = [];
+    const keySet = def.keySet;
+    const _catchall = def.catchall._zod;
+    const t = _catchall.def.type;
+    const optin = _catchall.optin;
+    const optout = _catchall.optout;
+    // starts at 0, not the current length: the shape phase already ran and may have aborted
+    let seen = 0;
+    for (const key in input) {
+        if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+            if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                break;
+            seen = payload.issues.length;
+        }
+        // Must precede the __proto__ branch: a declared key is not unrecognized, even though the shape loop deliberately strips __proto__ from the parsed output.
+        if (keySet.has(key))
+            continue;
+        // Don't copy an undeclared __proto__ into the result; assignment to a plain {} would replace the result prototype. But in strict mode it is still an unknown key, so report it before skipping.
+        if (key === "__proto__") {
+            if (t === "never")
+                unrecognized.push(key);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (t === "never") {
+            unrecognized.push(key);
+            continue;
+        }
+        const r = _catchall.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
+        if (r instanceof Promise) {
+            proms.push(r.then((r) => handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, optin, optout)));
+        }
+        else {
+            handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, optin, optout);
+        }
+    }
+    if (unrecognized.length) {
+        payload.issues.push({
+            code: "unrecognized_keys",
+            keys: unrecognized,
+            input,
+            inst,
+            // Describes the shape of the input, not the validity of the parsed value, so it never aborts. The parse still fails; the schema's own checks just get to run first, and an enclosing intersection can reconcile the key against a sibling operand.
+            continue: true,
+        });
+    }
+    if (!proms.length)
+        return payload;
+    return Promise.all(proms).then(() => {
+        return payload;
+    });
+}
 export const $ZodObject = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObject", (inst, def) => {
     // requires cast because technically $ZodObject doesn't extend
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    const _normalized = util.cached(() => {
-        const keys = Object.keys(def.shape);
-        for (const k of keys) {
-            if (!(def.shape[k] instanceof $ZodType)) {
-                throw new Error(`Invalid element at key "${k}": expected a Zod schema`);
-            }
-        }
-        const okeys = util.optionalKeys(def.shape);
-        return {
-            shape: def.shape,
-            keys,
-            keySet: new Set(keys),
-            numKeys: keys.length,
-            optionalKeys: new Set(okeys),
+    const desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(def, "shape");
+    // a cloned def carries its source's accessor, which knows the shape it answers from; adopting that keeps the clone's keys readable without running it
+    const sh = desc?.get ? desc.get.raw : (def.shape ?? {});
+    if (sh) {
+        // Freezes the shape on first read, so its getters resolve once and every later read sees the same schemas.
+        const get = () => {
+            const newSh = { ...sh };
+            Object.defineProperty(def, "shape", { value: newSh });
+            get.raw = newSh;
+            return newSh;
         };
-    });
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => {
-        const shape = def.shape;
+        get.raw = sh;
+        Object.defineProperty(def, "shape", { get });
+    }
+    const _normalized = util.cached(() => normalizeDef(def));
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => {
+        const shape = zod.def.shape;
         const propValues = {};
         for (const key in shape) {
             const field = shape[key]._zod;
             if (field.values) {
-                propValues[key] ?? (propValues[key] = new Set());
+                if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(propValues, key)) {
+                    util.assignProp(propValues, key, new Set());
+                }
                 for (const v of field.values)
                     propValues[key].add(v);
+                // An omittable slot reads back as undefined at a discriminator lookup, so it has to claim undefined: two options that can both omit the key are not discriminable on it.
+                if (field.optin !== undefined)
+                    propValues[key].add(undefined);
             }
         }
         return propValues;
     });
+    const isObject = util.isObject;
+    const catchall = def.catchall;
+    let value;
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
+    inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        value ?? (value = _normalized.value);
+        const input = payload.value;
+        if (!isObject(input)) {
+            payload.issues.push({
+                expected: "object",
+                code: "invalid_type",
+                input,
+                inst,
+            });
+            return payload;
+        }
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, {}, ctx) : {};
+        const proms = [];
+        const shape = value.shape;
+        const abortEarly = ctx?.abortEarly;
+        let seen = payload.issues.length;
+        for (const key of value.allKeys) {
+            if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+                if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                    break;
+                seen = payload.issues.length;
+            }
+            if (key === "__proto__")
+                continue;
+            const el = shape[key];
+            const optin = el._zod.optin;
+            const optout = el._zod.optout;
+            const r = el._zod.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
+            if (r instanceof Promise) {
+                proms.push(r.then((r) => handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, optin, optout)));
+            }
+            else {
+                handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, optin, optout);
+            }
+        }
+        if (!catchall) {
+            return proms.length ? Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload) : payload;
+        }
+        return handleCatchall(proms, input, payload, ctx, _normalized.value, inst, abortEarly === true);
+    };
+});
+export const $ZodObjectJIT = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObjectJIT", (inst, def) => {
+    // requires cast because technically $ZodObject doesn't extend
+    $ZodObject.init(inst, def);
+    const superParse = inst._zod.parse;
+    const _normalized = util.cached(() => normalizeDef(def));
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
     const generateFastpass = (shape) => {
-        const doc = new Doc(["shape", "payload", "ctx"]);
         const normalized = _normalized.value;
-        const parseStr = (key) => {
-            const k = util.esc(key);
-            return `shape[${k}]._zod.run({ value: input[${k}], issues: [] }, ctx)`;
-        };
+        const syms = normalized.symbolKeys;
+        // a symbol has no source literal, so it is read as `syms[i]` off the closed-over scope
+        const doc = new Doc(["payload", "ctx"], { shape, inst, memo, syms });
+        const parseStr = (k) => `shape[${k}]._zod.run({ value: input[${k}], issues: [] }, ctx)`;
+        // prefixes in place, like util.prefixIssues. newResult must land before the early return: a catchall runs after this and would otherwise write onto the caller's input
+        const prefixStr = (id, k) => `
+          let ${id}_ab = false;
+          for (let i = 0; i < ${id}.issues.length; i++) {
+            const iss = ${id}.issues[i];
+            iss.path = iss.path ? [${k}, ...iss.path] : [${k}];
+            payload.issues.push(iss);
+            if (iss.continue !== true) ${id}_ab = true;
+          }
+          if (${id}_ab && ctx && ctx.abortEarly) {
+            payload.value = newResult;
+            return payload;
+          }`;
         doc.write(`const input = payload.value;`);
         const ids = Object.create(null);
         let counter = 0;
-        for (const key of normalized.keys) {
+        for (const key of normalized.allKeys) {
             ids[key] = `key_${counter++}`;
         }
         // A: preserve key order {
-        doc.write(`const newResult = {}`);
-        for (const key of normalized.keys) {
-            if (normalized.optionalKeys.has(key)) {
-                const id = ids[key];
-                doc.write(`const ${id} = ${parseStr(key)};`);
-                const k = util.esc(key);
+        doc.write(memo ? `const newResult = memo.alloc(inst, payload, {}, ctx);` : `const newResult = {};`);
+        for (const key of normalized.allKeys) {
+            if (key === "__proto__")
+                continue;
+            const id = ids[key];
+            const k = typeof key === "symbol" ? `syms[${syms.indexOf(key)}]` : util.esc(key);
+            const isPresent = `${k} in input`;
+            const schema = shape[key];
+            const optin = schema?._zod?.optin;
+            const isOptionalIn = optin !== undefined;
+            const isOptionalOut = schema?._zod?.optout === "optional";
+            doc.write(`const ${id} = ${parseStr(k)};`);
+            if (isOptionalIn && isOptionalOut) {
+                // For optional-in/out schemas, ignore errors on absent keys — and, like the interpreted path, drop the value produced alongside them. The middle rung goes further: it permits absence without supplying anything in its place, so an absent key contributes nothing at all.
+                const assign = optin === "optional" ? `${id}_present` : `${id}.value !== undefined || ${id}_present`;
                 doc.write(`
-        if (${id}.issues.length) {
-          if (input[${k}] === undefined) {
-            if (${k} in input) {
-              newResult[${k}] = undefined;
+        const ${id}_present = ${isPresent};
+        if (!${id}.issues.length || ${id}_present) {
+          if (${id}.issues.length) {${prefixStr(id, k)}
+          }
+
+          if (${assign}) {
+            newResult[${k}] = ${id}.value;
+          }
+        }
+
+      `);
             }
-          } else {
-            payload.issues = payload.issues.concat(
-              ${id}.issues.map((iss) => ({
-                ...iss,
-                path: iss.path ? [${k}, ...iss.path] : [${k}],
-              }))
-            );
+            else if (!isOptionalIn) {
+                doc.write(`
+        const ${id}_present = ${isPresent};
+        if (${id}.issues.length) {${prefixStr(id, k)}
+        }
+        if (!${id}_present && !${id}.issues.length) {
+          payload.issues.push({
+            code: "invalid_type",
+            expected: "nonoptional",
+            input: undefined,
+            path: [${k}]
+          });
+          if (ctx && ctx.abortEarly) {
+            payload.value = newResult;
+            return payload;
           }
-        } else if (${id}.value === undefined) {
-          if (${k} in input) newResult[${k}] = undefined;
-        } else {
+        }
+
+        if (${id}_present) {
           newResult[${k}] = ${id}.value;
         }
-        `);
+
+      `);
             }
             else {
-                const id = ids[key];
-                //  const id = ids[key];
-                doc.write(`const ${id} = ${parseStr(key)};`);
                 doc.write(`
-          if (${id}.issues.length) payload.issues = payload.issues.concat(${id}.issues.map(iss => ({
-            ...iss,
-            path: iss.path ? [${util.esc(key)}, ...iss.path] : [${util.esc(key)}]
-          })));`);
-                doc.write(`newResult[${util.esc(key)}] = ${id}.value`);
+        if (${id}.issues.length) {${prefixStr(id, k)}
+        }
+      `);
+                if (optin === "defaulted") {
+                    doc.write(`newResult[${k}] = ${id}.value;`);
+                }
+                else {
+                    doc.write(`
+        if (${id}.value !== undefined || ${isPresent}) {
+          newResult[${k}] = ${id}.value;
+        }
+      `);
+                }
             }
         }
         doc.write(`payload.value = newResult;`);
         doc.write(`return payload;`);
-        const fn = doc.compile();
-        return (payload, ctx) => fn(shape, payload, ctx);
+        // closing `shape` in is what pays: turbofan specializes the parser against that one shape object, so every `shape[k]._zod.run` folds to a known callee. as a parameter it stays a generic load and measures 13% slower even with the forwarding frame gone
+        return doc.compile();
     };
     let fastpass;
     const isObject = util.isObject;
@@ -795,80 +1208,16 @@ export const $ZodObject = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObject", (inst, d
             });
             return payload;
         }
-        const proms = [];
         if (jit && fastEnabled && ctx?.async === false && ctx.jitless !== true) {
             // always synchronous
             if (!fastpass)
                 fastpass = generateFastpass(def.shape);
             payload = fastpass(payload, ctx);
+            if (!catchall)
+                return payload;
+            return handleCatchall([], input, payload, ctx, value, inst, ctx?.abortEarly === true);
         }
-        else {
-            payload.value = {};
-            const shape = value.shape;
-            for (const key of value.keys) {
-                const el = shape[key];
-                // do not add omitted optional keys
-                // if (!(key in input)) {
-                //   if (optionalKeys.has(key)) continue;
-                //   payload.issues.push({
-                //     code: "invalid_type",
-                //     path: [key],
-                //     expected: "nonoptional",
-                //     note: `Missing required key: "${key}"`,
-                //     input,
-                //     inst,
-                //   });
-                // }
-                const r = el._zod.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
-                const isOptional = el._zod.optin === "optional" && el._zod.optout === "optional";
-                if (r instanceof Promise) {
-                    proms.push(r.then((r) => isOptional ? handleOptionalObjectResult(r, payload, key, input) : handleObjectResult(r, payload, key)));
-                }
-                else if (isOptional) {
-                    handleOptionalObjectResult(r, payload, key, input);
-                }
-                else {
-                    handleObjectResult(r, payload, key);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (!catchall) {
-            // return payload;
-            return proms.length ? Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload) : payload;
-        }
-        const unrecognized = [];
-        // iterate over input keys
-        const keySet = value.keySet;
-        const _catchall = catchall._zod;
-        const t = _catchall.def.type;
-        for (const key of Object.keys(input)) {
-            if (keySet.has(key))
-                continue;
-            if (t === "never") {
-                unrecognized.push(key);
-                continue;
-            }
-            const r = _catchall.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
-            if (r instanceof Promise) {
-                proms.push(r.then((r) => handleObjectResult(r, payload, key)));
-            }
-            else {
-                handleObjectResult(r, payload, key);
-            }
-        }
-        if (unrecognized.length) {
-            payload.issues.push({
-                code: "unrecognized_keys",
-                keys: unrecognized,
-                input,
-                inst,
-            });
-        }
-        if (!proms.length)
-            return payload;
-        return Promise.all(proms).then(() => {
-            return payload;
-        });
+        return superParse(payload, ctx);
     };
 });
 function handleUnionResults(results, final, inst, ctx) {
@@ -878,6 +1227,11 @@ function handleUnionResults(results, final, inst, ctx) {
             return final;
         }
     }
+    const nonaborted = results.filter((r) => !util.aborted(r));
+    if (nonaborted.length === 1) {
+        final.value = nonaborted[0].value;
+        return nonaborted[0];
+    }
     final.issues.push({
         code: "invalid_union",
         input: final.value,
@@ -888,22 +1242,30 @@ function handleUnionResults(results, final, inst, ctx) {
 }
 export const $ZodUnion = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodUnion", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optin === "optional") ? "optional" : undefined);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optout === "optional") ? "optional" : undefined);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => {
-        if (def.options.every((o) => o._zod.values)) {
-            return new Set(def.options.flatMap((option) => Array.from(option._zod.values)));
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optin === "defaulted")
+        ? "defaulted"
+        : zod.def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optin !== undefined)
+            ? "optional"
+            : undefined);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optout === "optional") ? "optional" : undefined);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => {
+        if (zod.def.options.every((o) => o._zod.values)) {
+            return new Set(zod.def.options.flatMap((option) => Array.from(option._zod.values)));
         }
         return undefined;
     });
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "pattern", () => {
-        if (def.options.every((o) => o._zod.pattern)) {
-            const patterns = def.options.map((o) => o._zod.pattern);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        if (zod.def.options.every((o) => o._zod.pattern)) {
+            const patterns = zod.def.options.map((o) => o._zod.pattern);
             return new RegExp(`^(${patterns.map((p) => util.cleanRegex(p.source)).join("|")})$`);
         }
         return undefined;
     });
+    const first = def.options.length === 1 ? def.options[0]._zod.run : null;
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        if (first) {
+            return first(payload, ctx);
+        }
         let async = false;
         const results = [];
         for (const option of def.options) {
@@ -928,43 +1290,137 @@ export const $ZodUnion = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodUnion", (inst, def
         });
     };
 });
+function handleExclusiveUnionResults(results, final, inst, ctx) {
+    const matches = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
+        if (results[i].issues.length === 0)
+            matches.push(i);
+    }
+    if (matches.length === 1) {
+        final.value = results[matches[0]].value;
+        return final;
+    }
+    if (matches.length === 0) {
+        // No matches - same as regular union
+        final.issues.push({
+            code: "invalid_union",
+            input: final.value,
+            inst,
+            errors: results.map((result) => result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config()))),
+        });
+    }
+    else {
+        // Multiple matches - exclusive union failure
+        final.issues.push({
+            code: "invalid_union",
+            input: final.value,
+            inst,
+            errors: [],
+            inclusive: false,
+            matches,
+        });
+    }
+    return final;
+}
+export const $ZodXor = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodXor", (inst, def) => {
+    $ZodUnion.init(inst, def);
+    def.inclusive = false;
+    const first = def.options.length === 1 ? def.options[0]._zod.run : null;
+    inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        if (first) {
+            return first(payload, ctx);
+        }
+        let async = false;
+        const results = [];
+        for (const option of def.options) {
+            const result = option._zod.run({
+                value: payload.value,
+                issues: [],
+            }, ctx);
+            if (result instanceof Promise) {
+                results.push(result);
+                async = true;
+            }
+            else {
+                results.push(result);
+            }
+        }
+        if (!async)
+            return handleExclusiveUnionResults(results, payload, inst, ctx);
+        return Promise.all(results).then((results) => {
+            return handleExclusiveUnionResults(results, payload, inst, ctx);
+        });
+    };
+});
+/** Returns the option whose discriminator claims `value`, or throws if ambiguous. */
+export function getDiscriminatedOption(union, value) {
+    const internals = union._zod;
+    let map = internals.bag.optionsMap;
+    if (!map) {
+        map = discriminatorMap(internals.def);
+        internals.bag.optionsMap = map;
+    }
+    const option = map.get(value);
+    if (option === null)
+        throw new Error(`Ambiguous discriminator value "${String(value)}"`);
+    return option;
+}
+function discriminatorMap(def) {
+    const map = new Map();
+    for (const option of def.options) {
+        const values = option._zod.propValues?.[def.discriminator];
+        if (!values || values.size === 0)
+            throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${def.options.indexOf(option)}"`);
+        for (const value of values) {
+            if (map.has(value)) {
+                if (value !== undefined)
+                    throw new Error(`Duplicate discriminator value "${String(value)}"`);
+                // keep the collision marked so a later member cannot reclaim it
+                map.set(value, null);
+            }
+            else {
+                map.set(value, option);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return map;
+}
 export const $ZodDiscriminatedUnion = 
 /*@__PURE__*/
 core.$constructor("$ZodDiscriminatedUnion", (inst, def) => {
+    def.inclusive = false;
     $ZodUnion.init(inst, def);
     const _super = inst._zod.parse;
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => {
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => {
         const propValues = {};
-        for (const option of def.options) {
+        let undefinedCount = 0;
+        for (const option of zod.def.options) {
             const pv = option._zod.propValues;
             if (!pv || Object.keys(pv).length === 0)
-                throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${def.options.indexOf(option)}"`);
+                throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${zod.def.options.indexOf(option)}"`);
+            if (pv[zod.def.discriminator]?.has(undefined))
+                undefinedCount++;
             for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(pv)) {
-                if (!propValues[k])
-                    propValues[k] = new Set();
+                if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(propValues, k)) {
+                    util.assignProp(propValues, k, new Set());
+                }
                 for (const val of v) {
                     propValues[k].add(val);
                 }
             }
         }
+        if (!zod.def.unionFallback && undefinedCount > 1)
+            propValues[zod.def.discriminator]?.delete(undefined);
         return propValues;
     });
-    const disc = util.cached(() => {
-        const opts = def.options;
-        const map = new Map();
-        for (const o of opts) {
-            const values = o._zod.propValues[def.discriminator];
-            if (!values || values.size === 0)
-                throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${def.options.indexOf(o)}"`);
-            for (const v of values) {
-                if (map.has(v)) {
-                    throw new Error(`Duplicate discriminator value "${String(v)}"`);
-                }
-                map.set(v, o);
-            }
+    // Checked now rather than in the lookup map below, so an option that lacks the discriminator fails at the `discriminatedUnion` call instead of on the first object parsed. Options whose shape cannot be enumerated without resolving it — pipes and lazies — are left to the map.
+    def.options.forEach((option, i) => {
+        const propShape = util.rawShape(option._zod.def);
+        if (propShape && !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(propShape, def.discriminator)) {
+            throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${i}"`);
         }
-        return map;
     });
+    const disc = util.cached(() => discriminatorMap(def));
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!util.isObject(input)) {
@@ -976,11 +1432,16 @@ core.$constructor("$ZodDiscriminatedUnion", (inst, def) => {
             });
             return payload;
         }
-        const opt = disc.value.get(input?.[def.discriminator]);
-        if (opt) {
+        const value = input?.[def.discriminator];
+        const opt = disc.value.get(value);
+        // forward metadata cannot choose an encoder for an absent tag
+        if (opt && (value !== undefined || ctx.direction !== "backward")) {
             return opt._zod.run(payload, ctx);
         }
-        if (def.unionFallback) {
+        // Fall back to union matching when the fast discriminator path fails:
+        // - explicitly enabled via unionFallback, or
+        // - during backward direction (encode), since codec-based discriminators have different values in forward vs backward directions
+        if (def.unionFallback || ctx.direction === "backward") {
             return _super(payload, ctx);
         }
         // no matching discriminator
@@ -988,6 +1449,8 @@ core.$constructor("$ZodDiscriminatedUnion", (inst, def) => {
             code: "invalid_union",
             errors: [],
             note: "No matching discriminator",
+            discriminator: def.discriminator,
+            options: Array.from(disc.value.keys()).filter((value) => disc.value.get(value) !== null),
             input,
             path: [def.discriminator],
             inst,
@@ -1010,7 +1473,7 @@ export const $ZodIntersection = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIntersectio
         return handleIntersectionResults(payload, left, right);
     };
 });
-function mergeValues(a, b) {
+export function mergeValues(a, b) {
     // const aType = parse.t(a);
     // const bType = parse.t(b);
     if (a === b) {
@@ -1023,7 +1486,11 @@ function mergeValues(a, b) {
         const bKeys = Object.keys(b);
         const sharedKeys = Object.keys(a).filter((key) => bKeys.indexOf(key) !== -1);
         const newObj = { ...a, ...b };
+        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(newObj, "__proto__"))
+            delete newObj.__proto__;
         for (const key of sharedKeys) {
+            if (key === "__proto__")
+                continue;
             const sharedValue = mergeValues(a[key], b[key]);
             if (!sharedValue.valid) {
                 return {
@@ -1057,16 +1524,55 @@ function mergeValues(a, b) {
     return { valid: false, mergeErrorPath: [] };
 }
 function handleIntersectionResults(result, left, right) {
-    if (left.issues.length) {
-        result.issues.push(...left.issues);
+    // Track which side(s) reject each key. A key rejection is reported only when BOTH sides reject it, so a key owned by one branch survives the other's key schema. strictObject reports these as unrecognized_keys; a record with an open key schema reports one invalid_key per key.
+    const unrecKeys = new Map();
+    let unrecIssue;
+    const keyIssues = new Map();
+    const collect = (iss, side) => {
+        let keys;
+        if (iss.code === "unrecognized_keys" && !iss.path?.length) {
+            unrecIssue ?? (unrecIssue = iss);
+            keys = iss.keys;
+        }
+        else if (iss.code === "invalid_key" && iss.origin === "record" && iss.path?.length === 1) {
+            const k = String(iss.path[0]);
+            if (!keyIssues.has(k))
+                keyIssues.set(k, iss);
+            keys = [k];
+        }
+        else {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (const k of keys) {
+            if (!unrecKeys.has(k))
+                unrecKeys.set(k, {});
+            unrecKeys.get(k)[side] = true;
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+    for (const iss of left.issues) {
+        if (!collect(iss, "l"))
+            result.issues.push(iss);
     }
-    if (right.issues.length) {
-        result.issues.push(...right.issues);
+    for (const iss of right.issues) {
+        if (!collect(iss, "r"))
+            result.issues.push(iss);
+    }
+    // Report only keys rejected by BOTH sides
+    const bothKeys = [...unrecKeys].filter(([, f]) => f.l && f.r).map(([k]) => k);
+    if (bothKeys.length) {
+        const aggregated = unrecIssue ? bothKeys.filter((k) => unrecIssue.keys.includes(k)) : [];
+        if (aggregated.length)
+            result.issues.push({ ...unrecIssue, keys: aggregated });
+        for (const k of bothKeys) {
+            if (!aggregated.includes(k) && keyIssues.has(k))
+                result.issues.push(keyIssues.get(k));
+        }
     }
-    if (util.aborted(result))
-        return result;
     const merged = mergeValues(left.value, right.value);
     if (!merged.valid) {
+        if (util.aborted(result))
+            return result;
         throw new Error(`Unmergable intersection. Error path: ` + `${JSON.stringify(merged.mergeErrorPath)}`);
     }
     result.value = merged.data;
@@ -1075,7 +1581,8 @@ function handleIntersectionResults(result, left, right) {
 export const $ZodTuple = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTuple", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     const items = def.items;
-    const optStart = items.length - [...items].reverse().findIndex((item) => item._zod.optin !== "optional");
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!Array.isArray(input)) {
@@ -1087,67 +1594,132 @@ export const $ZodTuple = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTuple", (inst, def
             });
             return payload;
         }
-        payload.value = [];
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, [], ctx) : [];
         const proms = [];
+        const optinStart = getTupleOptStart(items, "optin");
+        const optoutStart = getTupleOptStart(items, "optout");
         if (!def.rest) {
-            const tooBig = input.length > items.length;
-            const tooSmall = input.length < optStart - 1;
-            if (tooBig || tooSmall) {
+            if (input.length < optinStart) {
                 payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "too_small",
+                    minimum: optinStart,
+                    inclusive: true,
                     input,
                     inst,
                     origin: "array",
-                    ...(tooBig ? { code: "too_big", maximum: items.length } : { code: "too_small", minimum: items.length }),
                 });
                 return payload;
             }
+            if (input.length > items.length) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "too_big",
+                    maximum: items.length,
+                    inclusive: true,
+                    input,
+                    inst,
+                    origin: "array",
+                });
+            }
         }
-        let i = -1;
-        for (const item of items) {
-            i++;
-            if (i >= input.length)
-                if (i >= optStart)
-                    continue;
-            const result = item._zod.run({
-                value: input[i],
-                issues: [],
-            }, ctx);
-            if (result instanceof Promise) {
-                proms.push(result.then((result) => handleTupleResult(result, payload, i)));
+        // Run every item in parallel, collecting results into an indexed array. The post-processing in `handleTupleResults` walks them in order so it can decide whether an absent optional-output error can truncate the tail or must be reported to preserve required output.
+        const itemResults = new Array(items.length);
+        // only tracked when there is a rest loop to skip
+        const abortEarly = def.rest ? ctx?.abortEarly : undefined;
+        let itemAborted = false;
+        for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+            const r = items[i]._zod.run({ value: input[i], issues: [] }, ctx);
+            if (r instanceof Promise) {
+                proms.push(r.then((rr) => {
+                    itemResults[i] = rr;
+                }));
             }
             else {
-                handleTupleResult(result, payload, i);
+                itemResults[i] = r;
+                if (abortEarly && !itemAborted && r.issues.length)
+                    itemAborted = util.aborted(r);
             }
         }
-        if (def.rest) {
+        // sound because rest is non-empty exactly when every fixed index is present, the one case handleTupleResults cannot discard an item's issues
+        if (def.rest && !itemAborted) {
+            let i = items.length - 1;
             const rest = input.slice(items.length);
+            let seen = payload.issues.length;
             for (const el of rest) {
+                if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+                    if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                        break;
+                    seen = payload.issues.length;
+                }
                 i++;
-                const result = def.rest._zod.run({
-                    value: el,
-                    issues: [],
-                }, ctx);
+                const result = def.rest._zod.run({ value: el, issues: [] }, ctx);
                 if (result instanceof Promise) {
-                    proms.push(result.then((result) => handleTupleResult(result, payload, i)));
+                    proms.push(result.then((r) => handleTupleResult(r, payload, i)));
                 }
                 else {
                     handleTupleResult(result, payload, i);
                 }
             }
         }
-        if (proms.length)
-            return Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload);
-        return payload;
+        if (proms.length) {
+            return Promise.all(proms).then(() => handleTupleResults(itemResults, payload, items, input, optoutStart));
+        }
+        return handleTupleResults(itemResults, payload, items, input, optoutStart);
     };
 });
+function getTupleOptStart(items, key) {
+    for (let i = items.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        // optin is a three-rung ladder so any rung above `undefined` permits an absent slot; optout stays two-valued.
+        const omittable = key === "optin" ? items[i]._zod.optin !== undefined : items[i]._zod.optout === "optional";
+        if (!omittable)
+            return i + 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
 function handleTupleResult(result, final, index) {
     if (result.issues.length) {
         final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(index, result.issues));
     }
     final.value[index] = result.value;
 }
+function handleTupleResults(itemResults, final, items, input, optoutStart) {
+    // Walk results in order. Mirror $ZodObject's swallow-on-absent-optional rule, but only after `optoutStart`: the first index where the output tuple tail can be absent.
+    for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+        const r = itemResults[i];
+        const isPresent = i < input.length;
+        // The array analog of `handlePropertyResult`'s absent-key early return: the middle rung permits absence without supplying anything in its place, so the tail truncates here instead of materializing whatever the item made of `undefined`.
+        if (!isPresent && i >= optoutStart && items[i]._zod.optin === "optional") {
+            final.value.length = i;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (r.issues.length) {
+            if (!isPresent && i >= optoutStart) {
+                final.value.length = i;
+                break;
+            }
+            final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(i, r.issues));
+        }
+        final.value[i] = r.value;
+    }
+    // Drop trailing slots that produced `undefined` for absent input
+    // (the array analog of an absent optional key on an object). The
+    // `i >= input.length` floor is critical: an explicit `undefined`
+    // *inside* the input must be preserved even when the schema is
+    // optional-out (e.g. `z.string().or(z.undefined())` accepting an
+    // explicit undefined value).
+    for (let i = final.value.length - 1; i >= input.length; i--) {
+        if (items[i]._zod.optout === "optional" && final.value[i] === undefined) {
+            final.value.length = i;
+        }
+        else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return final;
+}
 export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!util.isPlainObject(input)) {
@@ -1159,34 +1731,66 @@ export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, d
             });
             return payload;
         }
+        // no guard in either loop below: a record's invalid_key aborts but an enclosing intersection can reconcile it, so a stopped loop hides keys the sibling does not own and the intersection then rejects nothing
         const proms = [];
-        if (def.keyType._zod.values) {
-            const values = def.keyType._zod.values;
-            payload.value = {};
+        const values = def.keyType._zod.values;
+        if (values && !def.partial) {
+            payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, {}, ctx) : {};
+            const recordKeys = new Set();
             for (const key of values) {
                 if (typeof key === "string" || typeof key === "number" || typeof key === "symbol") {
+                    recordKeys.add(typeof key === "number" ? key.toString() : key);
+                    // A declared __proto__ is stripped but is not an unrecognized key.
+                    if (key === "__proto__")
+                        continue;
+                    const keyResult = def.keyType._zod.run({ value: key, issues: [] }, ctx);
+                    if (keyResult instanceof Promise) {
+                        throw new Error("Async schemas not supported in object keys currently");
+                    }
+                    if (keyResult.issues.length) {
+                        payload.issues.push({
+                            code: "invalid_key",
+                            origin: "record",
+                            issues: keyResult.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
+                            input: key,
+                            path: [key],
+                            inst,
+                        });
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    const outKey = keyResult.value;
+                    if (outKey === "__proto__")
+                        continue;
                     const result = def.valueType._zod.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
                     if (result instanceof Promise) {
                         proms.push(result.then((result) => {
                             if (result.issues.length) {
                                 payload.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
                             }
-                            payload.value[key] = result.value;
+                            payload.value[outKey] = result.value;
                         }));
                     }
                     else {
                         if (result.issues.length) {
                             payload.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
                         }
-                        payload.value[key] = result.value;
+                        payload.value[outKey] = result.value;
                     }
                 }
             }
             let unrecognized;
             for (const key in input) {
-                if (!values.has(key)) {
-                    unrecognized = unrecognized ?? [];
-                    unrecognized.push(key);
+                if (!recordKeys.has(key)) {
+                    if (def.mode === "loose") {
+                        // skip __proto__ so it can't replace the result prototype via the assignment setter on the plain {} we build into
+                        if (key === "__proto__")
+                            continue;
+                        payload.value[key] = input[key];
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        unrecognized = unrecognized ?? [];
+                        unrecognized.push(key);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             if (unrecognized && unrecognized.length > 0) {
@@ -1195,46 +1799,86 @@ export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, d
                     input,
                     inst,
                     keys: unrecognized,
+                    continue: true,
                 });
             }
         }
         else {
-            payload.value = {};
+            payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, {}, ctx) : {};
+            // An enumerable key schema declares which keys the record owns, so a key outside the set is unrecognized. A non-enumerable one (regex, refine) is a constraint every key must satisfy, so a failing key is invalid. Only the former is reconcilable against the other side of an intersection.
+            let unrecognized;
+            // Reflect.ownKeys for Symbol-key support; filter non-enumerable to match z.object()
             for (const key of Reflect.ownKeys(input)) {
                 if (key === "__proto__")
                     continue;
-                const keyResult = def.keyType._zod.run({ value: key, issues: [] }, ctx);
+                if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(input, key))
+                    continue;
+                let keyResult = def.keyType._zod.run({ value: key, issues: [] }, ctx);
                 if (keyResult instanceof Promise) {
                     throw new Error("Async schemas not supported in object keys currently");
                 }
+                // Numeric string fallback: if key is a numeric string and failed, retry with Number(key). This handles z.number(), z.literal([1, 2, 3]), and unions containing numeric literals
+                const checkNumericKey = typeof key === "string" && regexes.number.test(key) && keyResult.issues.length;
+                if (checkNumericKey) {
+                    const retryResult = def.keyType._zod.run({ value: Number(key), issues: [] }, ctx);
+                    if (retryResult instanceof Promise) {
+                        throw new Error("Async schemas not supported in object keys currently");
+                    }
+                    if (retryResult.issues.length === 0) {
+                        keyResult = retryResult;
+                    }
+                }
                 if (keyResult.issues.length) {
-                    payload.issues.push({
-                        origin: "record",
-                        code: "invalid_key",
-                        issues: keyResult.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
-                        input: key,
-                        path: [key],
-                        inst,
-                    });
-                    payload.value[keyResult.value] = keyResult.value;
+                    if (def.mode === "loose") {
+                        // Pass through unchanged
+                        payload.value[key] = input[key];
+                    }
+                    else if (values) {
+                        unrecognized = unrecognized ?? [];
+                        unrecognized.push(key);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        // Default "strict" behavior: error on invalid key
+                        payload.issues.push({
+                            code: "invalid_key",
+                            origin: "record",
+                            issues: keyResult.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
+                            input: key,
+                            path: [key],
+                            inst,
+                        });
+                    }
                     continue;
                 }
+                // the guard above tests the raw input key, but the key schema can normalize an ordinary key into __proto__; re-check the key we actually write under
+                const outKey = keyResult.value;
+                if (outKey === "__proto__")
+                    continue;
                 const result = def.valueType._zod.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
                 if (result instanceof Promise) {
                     proms.push(result.then((result) => {
                         if (result.issues.length) {
                             payload.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
                         }
-                        payload.value[keyResult.value] = result.value;
+                        payload.value[outKey] = result.value;
                     }));
                 }
                 else {
                     if (result.issues.length) {
                         payload.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
                     }
-                    payload.value[keyResult.value] = result.value;
+                    payload.value[outKey] = result.value;
                 }
             }
+            if (unrecognized && unrecognized.length > 0) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "unrecognized_keys",
+                    input,
+                    inst,
+                    keys: unrecognized,
+                    continue: true,
+                });
+            }
         }
         if (proms.length) {
             return Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload);
@@ -1244,6 +1888,8 @@ export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, d
 });
 export const $ZodMap = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodMap", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!(input instanceof Map)) {
@@ -1256,8 +1902,15 @@ export const $ZodMap = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodMap", (inst, def) =>
             return payload;
         }
         const proms = [];
-        payload.value = new Map();
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, new Map(), ctx) : new Map();
+        const abortEarly = ctx?.abortEarly;
+        let seen = payload.issues.length;
         for (const [key, value] of input) {
+            if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+                if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                    break;
+                seen = payload.issues.length;
+            }
             const keyResult = def.keyType._zod.run({ value: key, issues: [] }, ctx);
             const valueResult = def.valueType._zod.run({ value: value, issues: [] }, ctx);
             if (keyResult instanceof Promise || valueResult instanceof Promise) {
@@ -1273,6 +1926,7 @@ export const $ZodMap = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodMap", (inst, def) =>
             return Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload);
         return payload;
     };
+    capSize(inst, mapSize);
 });
 function handleMapResult(keyResult, valueResult, final, key, input, inst, ctx) {
     if (keyResult.issues.length) {
@@ -1281,8 +1935,8 @@ function handleMapResult(keyResult, valueResult, final, key, input, inst, ctx) {
         }
         else {
             final.issues.push({
-                origin: "map",
                 code: "invalid_key",
+                origin: "map",
                 input,
                 inst,
                 issues: keyResult.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
@@ -1308,6 +1962,8 @@ function handleMapResult(keyResult, valueResult, final, key, input, inst, ctx) {
 }
 export const $ZodSet = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodSet", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!(input instanceof Set)) {
@@ -1320,8 +1976,15 @@ export const $ZodSet = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodSet", (inst, def) =>
             return payload;
         }
         const proms = [];
-        payload.value = new Set();
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, new Set(), ctx) : new Set();
+        const abortEarly = ctx?.abortEarly;
+        let seen = payload.issues.length;
         for (const item of input) {
+            if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+                if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                    break;
+                seen = payload.issues.length;
+            }
             const result = def.valueType._zod.run({ value: item, issues: [] }, ctx);
             if (result instanceof Promise) {
                 proms.push(result.then((result) => handleSetResult(result, payload)));
@@ -1333,6 +1996,7 @@ export const $ZodSet = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodSet", (inst, def) =>
             return Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload);
         return payload;
     };
+    capSize(inst, setSize);
 });
 function handleSetResult(result, final) {
     if (result.issues.length) {
@@ -1343,14 +2007,16 @@ function handleSetResult(result, final) {
 export const $ZodEnum = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodEnum", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     const values = util.getEnumValues(def.entries);
-    inst._zod.values = new Set(values);
-    inst._zod.pattern = new RegExp(`^(${values
-        .filter((k) => util.propertyKeyTypes.has(typeof k))
-        .map((o) => (typeof o === "string" ? util.escapeRegex(o) : o.toString()))
-        .join("|")})$`);
+    const valuesSet = new Set(values);
+    inst._zod.values = valuesSet;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        const patternValues = util.getEnumValues(zod.def.entries).filter((k) => util.propertyKeyTypes.has(typeof k));
+        // unmatchable fallback, RE2-safe: an empty alternation would compile to /^()$/, which matches ""
+        return new RegExp(patternValues.length ? `^(${patternValues.map((o) => util.escapeRegex(o.toString())).join("|")})$` : "^[^\\s\\S]$");
+    });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
-        if (inst._zod.values.has(input)) {
+        if (valuesSet.has(input)) {
             return payload;
         }
         payload.issues.push({
@@ -1364,13 +2030,20 @@ export const $ZodEnum = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodEnum", (inst, def)
 });
 export const $ZodLiteral = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodLiteral", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.values = new Set(def.values);
-    inst._zod.pattern = new RegExp(`^(${def.values
-        .map((o) => (typeof o === "string" ? util.escapeRegex(o) : o ? o.toString() : String(o)))
-        .join("|")})$`);
+    const values = new Set(def.values);
+    inst._zod.values = values;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        const vals = zod.def.values;
+        // unmatchable fallback, RE2-safe: an empty alternation would compile to /^()$/, which matches ""
+        return new RegExp(vals.length
+            ? `^(${vals
+                .map((o) => typeof o === "string" ? util.escapeRegex(o) : o ? util.escapeRegex(o.toString()) : String(o))
+                .join("|")})$`
+            : "^[^\\s\\S]$");
+    });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
-        if (inst._zod.values.has(input)) {
+        if (values.has(input)) {
             return payload;
         }
         payload.issues.push({
@@ -1386,6 +2059,7 @@ export const $ZodFile = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodFile", (inst, def)
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
+        // @ts-ignore
         if (input instanceof File)
             return payload;
         payload.issues.push({
@@ -1399,9 +2073,14 @@ export const $ZodFile = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodFile", (inst, def)
 });
 export const $ZodTransform = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTransform", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
+    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
+    core.globalConfig.memoizer?.guard(inst);
+    inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
+            throw new core.$ZodEncodeError(inst.constructor.name);
+        }
         const _out = def.transform(payload.value, payload);
-        if (_ctx.async) {
+        if (ctx.async) {
             const output = _out instanceof Promise ? _out : Promise.resolve(_out);
             return output.then((output) => {
                 payload.value = output;
@@ -1415,39 +2094,62 @@ export const $ZodTransform = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTransform", (i
         return payload;
     };
 });
+function handleOptionalResult(payload, result) {
+    // A substituting schema that still failed has no usable answer; yield undefined. Its issues are simply dropped: it ran on a payload of its own, so there is no shared array to truncate and nothing of the caller's to lose with it.
+    payload.value = result.issues.length ? undefined : result.value;
+    return payload;
+}
 export const $ZodOptional = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodOptional", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
+    // .optional() propagates absence rather than substituting for it, so a defaulted inner keeps its rung.
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optin === "defaulted" ? "defaulted" : "optional");
     inst._zod.optout = "optional";
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => {
-        return def.innerType._zod.values ? new Set([...def.innerType._zod.values, undefined]) : undefined;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => {
+        const values = zod.def.innerType._zod.values;
+        return values ? new Set([...values, undefined]) : undefined;
     });
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "pattern", () => {
-        const pattern = def.innerType._zod.pattern;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        const pattern = zod.def.innerType._zod.pattern;
         return pattern ? new RegExp(`^(${util.cleanRegex(pattern.source)})?$`) : undefined;
     });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
-        if (def.innerType._zod.optin === "optional") {
-            return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
-        }
         if (payload.value === undefined) {
-            return payload;
+            // Only the top rung substitutes a value for absence; everything else leaves it intact, which is what .optional() means.
+            if (def.innerType._zod.optin !== "defaulted")
+                return payload;
+            // Its own payload, for the same reason $ZodCatch gets one: a pipe forwards an unrecognized key through the caller's issues array, and this must not read that as the substituting schema failing and drop it.
+            const result = def.innerType._zod.run({ value: payload.value, issues: [] }, ctx);
+            if (result instanceof Promise)
+                return result.then((result) => handleOptionalResult(payload, result));
+            return handleOptionalResult(payload, result);
         }
         return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
     };
 });
+export const $ZodExactOptional = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodExactOptional", (inst, def) => {
+    // Call parent init - inherits optin/optout = "optional"
+    $ZodOptional.init(inst, def);
+    // Override values/pattern to NOT add undefined
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.pattern);
+    // Override parse to just delegate (no undefined handling)
+    inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
+    };
+});
 export const $ZodNullable = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNullable", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.innerType._zod.optin);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.innerType._zod.optout);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "pattern", () => {
-        const pattern = def.innerType._zod.pattern;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optin);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        const pattern = zod.def.innerType._zod.pattern;
         return pattern ? new RegExp(`^(${util.cleanRegex(pattern.source)}|null)$`) : undefined;
     });
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => {
-        return def.innerType._zod.values ? new Set([...def.innerType._zod.values, null]) : undefined;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => {
+        return zod.def.innerType._zod.values ? new Set([...zod.def.innerType._zod.values, null]) : undefined;
     });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        // Forward direction (decode): allow null to pass through
         if (payload.value === null)
             return payload;
         return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
@@ -1456,16 +2158,21 @@ export const $ZodNullable = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNullable", (ins
 export const $ZodDefault = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodDefault", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     // inst._zod.qin = "true";
-    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.innerType._zod.values);
+    inst._zod.optin = "defaulted";
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
+            return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
+        }
+        // Forward direction (decode): apply defaults for undefined input
         if (payload.value === undefined) {
             payload.value = def.defaultValue;
             /**
-             * $ZodDefault always returns the default value immediately.
+             * $ZodDefault returns the default value immediately in forward direction.
              * It doesn't pass the default value into the validator ("prefault"). There's no reason to pass the default value through validation. The validity of the default is enforced by TypeScript statically. Otherwise, it's the responsibility of the user to ensure the default is valid. In the case of pipes with divergent in/out types, you can specify the default on the `in` schema of your ZodPipe to set a "prefault" for the pipe.   */
             return payload;
         }
+        // Forward direction: continue with default handling
         const result = def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
         if (result instanceof Promise) {
             return result.then((result) => handleDefaultResult(result, def));
@@ -1481,9 +2188,13 @@ function handleDefaultResult(payload, def) {
 }
 export const $ZodPrefault = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPrefault", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.innerType._zod.values);
+    inst._zod.optin = "defaulted";
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
+            return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
+        }
+        // Forward direction (decode): apply prefault for undefined input
         if (payload.value === undefined) {
             payload.value = def.defaultValue;
         }
@@ -1492,8 +2203,8 @@ export const $ZodPrefault = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPrefault", (ins
 });
 export const $ZodNonOptional = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNonOptional", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => {
-        const v = def.innerType._zod.values;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => {
+        const v = zod.def.innerType._zod.values;
         return v ? new Set([...v].filter((x) => x !== undefined)) : undefined;
     });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
@@ -1518,6 +2229,9 @@ function handleNonOptionalResult(payload, inst) {
 export const $ZodSuccess = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodSuccess", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
+            throw new core.$ZodEncodeError("ZodSuccess");
+        }
         const result = def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
         if (result instanceof Promise) {
             return result.then((result) => {
@@ -1529,41 +2243,40 @@ export const $ZodSuccess = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodSuccess", (inst,
         return payload;
     };
 });
+function handleCatchResult(payload, result, def, ctx) {
+    if (!result.issues.length) {
+        payload.value = result.value;
+        // The value carries up, so the flag describing it has to carry with it: a back-edge into a node still being parsed must not be frozen by an enclosing readonly, and its checks belong to the node itself. Guarded so the ordinary case adds no own property.
+        if (result.memo)
+            payload.memo = true;
+        return payload;
+    }
+    // Spread the inner's own payload, not ours: `value` has to stay the input the catch was handed, and the inner ran on a payload of its own so its issues are already private to this call.
+    payload.value = def.catchValue({
+        ...result,
+        value: payload.value,
+        error: {
+            issues: result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
+        },
+        input: payload.value,
+    });
+    return payload;
+}
 export const $ZodCatch = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCatch", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.innerType._zod.optout);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.innerType._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optin === "defaulted" ? "defaulted" : "optional");
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
-        const result = def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
-        if (result instanceof Promise) {
-            return result.then((result) => {
-                payload.value = result.value;
-                if (result.issues.length) {
-                    payload.value = def.catchValue({
-                        ...payload,
-                        error: {
-                            issues: result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
-                        },
-                        input: payload.value,
-                    });
-                    payload.issues = [];
-                }
-                return payload;
-            });
+        if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
+            return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
         }
-        payload.value = result.value;
-        if (result.issues.length) {
-            payload.value = def.catchValue({
-                ...payload,
-                error: {
-                    issues: result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
-                },
-                input: payload.value,
-            });
-            payload.issues = [];
+        // Forward direction (decode): apply catch logic
+        const result = def.innerType._zod.run({ value: payload.value, issues: [] }, ctx);
+        if (result instanceof Promise) {
+            return result.then((result) => handleCatchResult(payload, result, def, ctx));
         }
-        return payload;
+        return handleCatchResult(payload, result, def, ctx);
     };
 });
 export const $ZodNaN = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNaN", (inst, def) => {
@@ -1583,30 +2296,101 @@ export const $ZodNaN = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNaN", (inst, def) =>
 });
 export const $ZodPipe = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPipe", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.in._zod.values);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.in._zod.optin);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.out._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.optin);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.out._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.propValues);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
+            const right = def.out._zod.run(payload, ctx);
+            if (right instanceof Promise) {
+                return right.then((right) => handlePipeResult(right, def.in, ctx));
+            }
+            return handlePipeResult(right, def.in, ctx);
+        }
         const left = def.in._zod.run(payload, ctx);
         if (left instanceof Promise) {
-            return left.then((left) => handlePipeResult(left, def, ctx));
+            return left.then((left) => handlePipeResult(left, def.out, ctx));
         }
-        return handlePipeResult(left, def, ctx);
+        return handlePipeResult(left, def.out, ctx);
     };
 });
-function handlePipeResult(left, def, ctx) {
-    if (util.aborted(left)) {
+function handlePipeResult(left, next, ctx) {
+    // Any issue stops the pipe, so a failing refinement never feeds its transform. An unrecognized key is the exception: it describes the input's extra properties, not the value being piped, and an enclosing intersection may yet reconcile it.
+    if (left.issues.some((iss) => iss.code !== "unrecognized_keys")) {
+        // prevent further checks
+        left.aborted = true;
         return left;
     }
-    return def.out._zod.run({ value: left.value, issues: left.issues }, ctx);
+    return next._zod.run({ value: left.value, issues: left.issues }, ctx);
 }
+export const $ZodCodec = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCodec", (inst, def) => {
+    $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.optin);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.out._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.propValues);
+    inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        const direction = ctx.direction || "forward";
+        if (direction === "forward") {
+            const left = def.in._zod.run(payload, ctx);
+            if (left instanceof Promise) {
+                return left.then((left) => handleCodecAResult(left, def, ctx));
+            }
+            return handleCodecAResult(left, def, ctx);
+        }
+        else {
+            const right = def.out._zod.run(payload, ctx);
+            if (right instanceof Promise) {
+                return right.then((right) => handleCodecAResult(right, def, ctx));
+            }
+            return handleCodecAResult(right, def, ctx);
+        }
+    };
+});
+function handleCodecAResult(result, def, ctx) {
+    if (result.issues.length) {
+        // prevent further checks
+        result.aborted = true;
+        return result;
+    }
+    const direction = ctx.direction || "forward";
+    if (direction === "forward") {
+        const transformed = def.transform(result.value, result);
+        if (transformed instanceof Promise) {
+            return transformed.then((value) => handleCodecTxResult(result, value, def.out, ctx));
+        }
+        return handleCodecTxResult(result, transformed, def.out, ctx);
+    }
+    else {
+        const transformed = def.reverseTransform(result.value, result);
+        if (transformed instanceof Promise) {
+            return transformed.then((value) => handleCodecTxResult(result, value, def.in, ctx));
+        }
+        return handleCodecTxResult(result, transformed, def.in, ctx);
+    }
+}
+function handleCodecTxResult(left, value, nextSchema, ctx) {
+    // Check if transform added any issues
+    if (left.issues.length) {
+        left.aborted = true;
+        return left;
+    }
+    return nextSchema._zod.run({ value, issues: left.issues }, ctx);
+}
+export const $ZodPreprocess = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPreprocess", (inst, def) => {
+    $ZodPipe.init(inst, def);
+});
 export const $ZodReadonly = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodReadonly", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => def.innerType._zod.propValues);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.innerType._zod.values);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.innerType._zod.optin);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.innerType._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.propValues);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.innerType?._zod?.optin);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.innerType?._zod?.optout);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
+            return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
+        }
         const result = def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
         if (result instanceof Promise) {
             return result.then(handleReadonlyResult);
@@ -1615,24 +2399,72 @@ export const $ZodReadonly = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodReadonly", (ins
     };
 });
 function handleReadonlyResult(payload) {
-    payload.value = Object.freeze(payload.value);
+    // A repeat visit hands back a node that is still being built; freezing it here would make the rest of its keys fail to assign.
+    if (!payload.memo)
+        payload.value = Object.freeze(payload.value);
     return payload;
 }
+// a leaf's pattern source with its own checks folded in: the last pattern-carrying check wins, else length bounds narrow the catch-all, else an integer format narrows the number form. the fold lives here instead of on `_zod.pattern` so a bundle without template literals never pays for it
+function leafPattern(schema) {
+    const def = schema._zod.def;
+    let pattern = def.pattern;
+    let isInt = !!def.format?.includes("int");
+    let minimum;
+    let maximum;
+    for (const ch of def.checks ?? []) {
+        const d = ch._zod.def;
+        if (d.pattern)
+            pattern = d.pattern;
+        isInt || (isInt = !!d.format?.includes("int"));
+        const lo = d.minimum ?? d.length;
+        const hi = d.maximum ?? d.length;
+        if (lo !== undefined && (minimum === undefined || lo > minimum))
+            minimum = lo;
+        if (hi !== undefined && (maximum === undefined || hi < maximum))
+            maximum = hi;
+    }
+    if (pattern)
+        return pattern.source;
+    // an empty range matches nothing at runtime, and `{8,5}` is not a legal quantifier
+    if (minimum !== undefined && maximum !== undefined && minimum > maximum)
+        return "(?!)";
+    if (minimum !== undefined || maximum !== undefined)
+        return regexes.string({ minimum, maximum }).source;
+    const own = schema._zod.pattern;
+    return (isInt && own === regexes.number ? regexes.integer : own)?.source;
+}
+// a part's pattern source. a wrapper's pattern embeds its inner pattern's source verbatim, so the folded form is substituted in place without knowing the wrapper's own composition; a union's options are joined the way the union builds its own pattern
+function partPattern(schema) {
+    const def = schema._zod.def;
+    const own = schema._zod.pattern?.source;
+    // lazy resolves its inner on the internals, not the def
+    const inner = def.innerType ?? schema._zod.innerType;
+    if (inner) {
+        const before = inner._zod.pattern?.source;
+        const after = partPattern(inner);
+        if (own && before && after && after !== before) {
+            return own.replace(util.cleanRegex(before), () => util.cleanRegex(after));
+        }
+        return own;
+    }
+    if (def.options) {
+        const sources = def.options.map(partPattern);
+        if (sources.every(Boolean))
+            return `^(${sources.map((s) => util.cleanRegex(s)).join("|")})$`;
+    }
+    return leafPattern(schema);
+}
 export const $ZodTemplateLiteral = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTemplateLiteral", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     const regexParts = [];
     for (const part of def.parts) {
-        if (part instanceof $ZodType) {
-            if (!part._zod.pattern) {
-                // if (!source)
+        if (typeof part === "object" && part !== null) {
+            // is Zod schema
+            const source = partPattern(part);
+            if (!source) {
                 throw new Error(`Invalid template literal part, no pattern found: ${[...part._zod.traits].shift()}`);
             }
-            const source = part._zod.pattern instanceof RegExp ? part._zod.pattern.source : part._zod.pattern;
-            if (!source)
-                throw new Error(`Invalid template literal part: ${part._zod.traits}`);
-            const start = source.startsWith("^") ? 1 : 0;
-            const end = source.endsWith("$") ? source.length - 1 : source.length;
-            regexParts.push(source.slice(start, end));
+            regexParts.push(util.cleanRegex(source));
         }
         else if (part === null || util.primitiveTypes.has(typeof part)) {
             regexParts.push(util.escapeRegex(`${part}`));
@@ -1647,7 +2479,7 @@ export const $ZodTemplateLiteral = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTemplate
             payload.issues.push({
                 input: payload.value,
                 inst,
-                expected: "template_literal",
+                expected: "string",
                 code: "invalid_type",
             });
             return payload;
@@ -1658,7 +2490,7 @@ export const $ZodTemplateLiteral = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTemplate
                 input: payload.value,
                 inst,
                 code: "invalid_format",
-                format: "template_literal",
+                format: def.format ?? "template_literal",
                 pattern: inst._zod.pattern.source,
             });
             return payload;
@@ -1666,6 +2498,87 @@ export const $ZodTemplateLiteral = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTemplate
         return payload;
     };
 });
+export const $ZodFunction = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodFunction", (inst, def) => {
+    $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    // Defined, not assigned: the classic prototype exposes `_def` as a getter with no setter.
+    Object.defineProperty(inst, "_def", { value: def });
+    inst._zod.def = def;
+    inst.implement = (func) => {
+        if (typeof func !== "function") {
+            throw new Error("implement() must be called with a function");
+        }
+        // Defined inline so the closure stays anonymous: binding it to a `const` first names it, which costs 256 bytes per implemented function.
+        return Object.defineProperty(function (...args) {
+            const parsedArgs = inst._def.input ? parse(inst._def.input, args) : args;
+            const result = Reflect.apply(func, this, parsedArgs);
+            if (inst._def.output) {
+                return parse(inst._def.output, result);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }, "_zod", { value: inst._zod, enumerable: false });
+    };
+    inst.implementAsync = (func) => {
+        if (typeof func !== "function") {
+            throw new Error("implementAsync() must be called with a function");
+        }
+        return Object.defineProperty(async function (...args) {
+            const parsedArgs = inst._def.input ? await parseAsync(inst._def.input, args) : args;
+            const result = await Reflect.apply(func, this, parsedArgs);
+            if (inst._def.output) {
+                return await parseAsync(inst._def.output, result);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }, "_zod", { value: inst._zod, enumerable: false });
+    };
+    inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
+        if (typeof payload.value !== "function") {
+            payload.issues.push({
+                code: "invalid_type",
+                expected: "function",
+                input: payload.value,
+                inst,
+            });
+            return payload;
+        }
+        // Check if output is a promise type to determine if we should use async implementation
+        const hasPromiseOutput = inst._def.output && inst._def.output._zod.def.type === "promise";
+        if (hasPromiseOutput) {
+            payload.value = inst.implementAsync(payload.value);
+        }
+        else {
+            payload.value = inst.implement(payload.value);
+        }
+        return payload;
+    };
+    inst.input = (...args) => {
+        const F = inst.constructor;
+        if (Array.isArray(args[0])) {
+            return new F({
+                type: "function",
+                input: new $ZodTuple({
+                    type: "tuple",
+                    items: args[0],
+                    rest: args[1],
+                }),
+                output: inst._def.output,
+            });
+        }
+        return new F({
+            type: "function",
+            input: args[0],
+            output: inst._def.output,
+        });
+    };
+    inst.output = (output) => {
+        const F = inst.constructor;
+        return new F({
+            type: "function",
+            input: inst._def.input,
+            output,
+        });
+    };
+    return inst;
+});
 export const $ZodPromise = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPromise", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
@@ -1674,11 +2587,17 @@ export const $ZodPromise = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPromise", (inst,
 });
 export const $ZodLazy = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodLazy", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "innerType", () => def.getter());
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "pattern", () => inst._zod.innerType._zod.pattern);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => inst._zod.innerType._zod.propValues);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => inst._zod.innerType._zod.optin);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => inst._zod.innerType._zod.optout);
+    // Cache the resolved inner type on the shared `def` so all clones of this lazy (e.g. via `.describe()`/`.meta()`) share the same inner instance, preserving identity for cycle detection on recursive schemas.
+    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "innerType", () => {
+        const d = def;
+        if (!d._cachedInner)
+            d._cachedInner = def.getter();
+        return d._cachedInner;
+    });
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => zod.innerType?._zod?.pattern);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => zod.innerType?._zod?.propValues);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.innerType?._zod?.optin ?? undefined);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.innerType?._zod?.optout ?? undefined);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const inner = inst._zod.innerType;
         return inner._zod.run(payload, ctx);