@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.15 → 0.0.0-experimental.151

package/skills/use-cache/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+---
+name: use-cache
+description: Function-level caching with the "use cache" directive for RSC data functions and components in @rangojs/router. Use when a single function or component should memoize its own output, not a whole route/segment subtree or HTTP response.
+argument-hint: [profile-name]
+---
+
+# "use cache" Directive
+
+Function-level caching for async server functions and RSC components. Caches
+return values with TTL + stale-while-revalidate. Complementary to the route-level
+`cache()` DSL and build-time `Static()`/`Prerender()`.
+
+## Not this skill if…
+
+- You want to cache a whole route or a rendered subtree of segments — that is
+  the segment-level `cache()` DSL: see `/caching`.
+- You are unsure which cache layer you need — start at `/cache-guide`.
+
+## Basic Usage
+
+### File-level (all exports cached with default profile)
+
+```typescript
+"use cache";
+
+export async function getProducts() {
+  return await db.query("SELECT * FROM products");
+}
+
+export async function getCategories() {
+  return await db.query("SELECT * FROM categories");
+}
+```
+
+### Function-level (per-function profile)
+
+```typescript
+export async function getProducts() {
+  "use cache: short";
+  return await db.query("SELECT * FROM products");
+}
+
+export async function getCategories() {
+  "use cache: long";
+  return await db.query("SELECT * FROM categories");
+}
+```
+
+### RSC component
+
+```typescript
+export async function ProductCard({ id }: { id: string }) {
+  "use cache: products"
+  const product = await db.query('SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = ?', [id]);
+  return <div>{product.name}</div>;
+}
+```
+
+## Named Cache Profiles
+
+Define profiles in createRouter. Profile names map to `"use cache: <name>"` in
+the directive. The DSL `cache()` does not accept a string profile name; use an
+options object (`cache({ ttl: 60 })`) or the `"use cache: <name>"` directive.
+
+```typescript
+createRouter({
+  cacheProfiles: {
+    default: { ttl: 900, swr: 1800 },
+    short: { ttl: 60, swr: 120 },
+    long: { ttl: 3600, swr: 7200 },
+    products: { ttl: 300, swr: 600, tags: ["products"] },
+    // Opt-in: a stale entry re-executes in the foreground during a server
+    // action's revalidation render (fresh action response), instead of SWR.
+    cms: { ttl: 300, swr: 600, foregroundOnAction: true },
+  },
+});
+```
+
+- `"use cache"` (no name) resolves to `default`.
+- `"use cache: short"` resolves to the `short` profile.
+- `foregroundOnAction: true` (default false): a stale entry serves stale +
+  revalidates in the background on a plain navigation (SWR), but re-executes in
+  the FOREGROUND during a server action's revalidation render so the action
+  response reflects a fresh value (only the store write is deferred). Use it for
+  mutation-related cached data; incidental TTL staleness on an ordinary action
+  stays SWR so the action is not turned into a synchronous cache-refresh barrier.
+  For strong read-your-own-writes after a mutation, prefer `updateTag()` (a hard
+  purge, so the action's own re-render is a fresh foreground miss).
+- Unknown profile names throw at runtime, on the first invocation of the cached
+  function (the Vite transform does not validate names at build/boot). The error
+  is actionable -- it names the missing profile and shows the `createRouter({
+cacheProfiles: { ... } })` entry to add.
+
+## Cache Key
+
+```
+use-cache:{functionId}:{serializedArgs}
+```
+
+- `functionId` -- stable ID from Vite transform (module path + export name).
+- `serializedArgs` -- key-generating arguments serialized via RSC `encodeReply()`.
+
+When there are no key-generating arguments, the key has no trailing colon -- it is
+just `use-cache:{functionId}`.
+
+Different functions always produce different cache keys, even for the same route.
+This is important for intercepted routes -- the path handler and intercept handler
+each have their own `functionId` and therefore their own cache entries.
+
+### Route context is folded into the key
+
+The tainted `ctx` object is excluded from arg serialization (see below), but
+route-identifying fields read off it are extracted into `serializedArgs`:
+`url.host`, route name (`_routeName`), `pathname`, `params`, response type
+(`_responseType`), and the user-facing sorted search params (internal `_rsc*`/`__`
+params excluded). The same cached function called with `ctx` on different routes,
+param combinations, hosts, response types, or query variants therefore produces
+distinct cache entries -- not one shared entry.
+
+## Tainted Arguments (ctx, env, req)
+
+Request-scoped objects are branded with `Symbol.for('rango:nocache')` at creation.
+When detected:
+
+1. **Excluded from cache key** -- request-scoped, not meaningful for keying.
+   (The route-identifying fields read off `ctx` are still folded in -- see
+   "Route context is folded into the key" above.)
+2. **Handle data captured on miss** -- side effects via `ctx.use(Handle)` are recorded.
+3. **Handle data replayed on hit** -- restored into the current request's HandleStore.
+
+```typescript
+export async function getProductData(ctx) {
+  "use cache: short";
+  const breadcrumb = ctx.use(Breadcrumbs);
+  breadcrumb({ label: "Products", href: "/products" });
+  return await db.query("SELECT * FROM products");
+}
+// On hit: return value restored, breadcrumb replayed.
+```
+
+## Request-Scoped Guards
+
+### Read Guards
+
+`cookies()` and `headers()` **throw** inside a `"use cache"` function because
+per-request values (cookies, headers) are not reflected in the cache key. Without
+this guard, one user's data would be served to another.
+
+Extract the value before the cached function and pass it as an argument:
+
+```typescript
+const locale = cookies().get("locale")?.value ?? "en";
+const data = await getCachedData(locale); // locale is now in the cache key
+```
+
+The guard does not reach into LOADER bodies consumed inside the cached
+function (`await ctx.use(loader)`): loaders always run fresh, so their reads
+are exempt — but the CONSUMED VALUE is captured into the shared cache entry
+like any other computed data. Same rule across `cache()` and the PPR shell:
+handler/cached-scope consumption = baked copy, client-side `useLoader` = live
+(the consumption-lane rule, `/rango` → Invariants).
+
+### Side-Effect Guards
+
+These ctx methods **throw** inside a `"use cache"` function because their effects
+are lost on cache hit (the function body is skipped):
+
+- `ctx.set()` for passing values to children
+- `ctx.header()`
+- `ctx.setTheme()`
+- `ctx.setLocationState()`
+- `ctx.onResponse()`
+
+`ctx.get()` is **not** exec-guarded inside `"use cache"` -- it is a read, so it is
+safe. (It only throws when reading a non-cacheable variable inside the separate
+route-level `cache()` DSL boundary.)
+
+The error message recommends two alternatives:
+
+1. Extract the data fetch into a separate cached function and call ctx methods outside it.
+2. Use the route-level `cache()` DSL which caches all segments together.
+
+**`ctx.use(Handle)` is NOT guarded** -- handle push is captured on miss and replayed
+on hit. This is the correct way to pass data from cached functions.
+
+### Pattern: Separate cached function from ctx side effects
+
+```typescript
+// Cached data fetch (pure)
+async function getNavData() {
+  "use cache: short"
+  return await db.query('SELECT * FROM nav_items');
+}
+
+// Handler (uncached, calls ctx methods freely)
+async function NavLayout(ctx) {
+  const navData = await getNavData();
+  ctx.set("navItems", navData);  // Works -- outside "use cache"
+  return <Nav items={navData}><Outlet /></Nav>;
+}
+```
+
+## Misuse Guards
+
+### Cannot use as middleware
+
+Cached functions cannot be passed to `middleware()`. Middleware runs on every
+request (onion model) and must not be cached.
+
+```typescript
+// WRONG -- throws at boot time
+middleware(cachedFn);
+
+// RIGHT -- call cached function inside middleware
+middleware(async (ctx, next) => {
+  const data = await getCachedData();
+  ctx.set("data", data);
+  await next();
+});
+```
+
+### Cannot use as Static() handler
+
+Static handlers render once at build time. `"use cache"` is redundant.
+
+```typescript
+// WRONG -- throws at boot time
+export const Page = Static(cachedFn);
+
+// RIGHT -- remove "use cache", Static already caches
+export const Page = Static(async (ctx) => {
+  return <div>Built once</div>;
+});
+```
+
+### Cannot use as Prerender() handler or getParams
+
+Prerender handlers render at build time. `"use cache"` is redundant.
+
+```typescript
+// WRONG -- throws at boot time (handler)
+export const Page = Prerender(getParams, cachedFn);
+
+// WRONG -- throws at boot time (getParams)
+export const Page = Prerender(cachedGetParams, handler);
+
+// RIGHT -- remove "use cache"
+export const Page = Prerender(
+  async () => [{ slug: "a" }],
+  async (ctx) => <Page slug={ctx.params.slug} />,
+);
+```
+
+## Performance: waitUntil
+
+On cache miss, the function executes and the result is serialized inline (blocking).
+The cache **store write** (`setItem`) is deferred to `waitUntil` and does NOT block
+the response.
+
+On stale hit, stale data is returned immediately. Background revalidation (re-execute
+
+- store) runs entirely inside `waitUntil`.
+
+| Phase                                | Blocks response? |
+| ------------------------------------ | ---------------- |
+| Function execution (miss)            | Yes              |
+| Result serialization (miss)          | Yes              |
+| Cache store write (miss)             | No (waitUntil)   |
+| Stale value return (stale hit)       | No (immediate)   |
+| Background revalidation (stale)      | No (waitUntil)   |
+| Cache lookup + deserialization (hit) | Yes (fast)       |
+
+## Using with Loaders
+
+`"use cache"` works inside loaders. The loader runs every request, but the inner
+cached function returns cached data:
+
+```typescript
+// Cached data function
+export async function getProductData(slug: string) {
+  "use cache";
+  return await db.query("SELECT * FROM products WHERE slug = ?", [slug]);
+}
+
+// Loader runs every request, but inner call is cached
+export const ProductLoader = createLoader(async (ctx) => {
+  return getProductData(ctx.params.slug);
+});
+```
+
+## Using with Intercepted Routes
+
+Path handlers and intercept handlers have different `functionId` values from the
+Vite transform, so they naturally get distinct cache entries even for the same URL:
+
+```typescript
+// Path handler -- cached separately
+path("/product/:id", async (ctx) => {
+  "use cache"
+  return <FullProductPage id={ctx.params.id} />;
+}),
+
+// Intercept handler -- cached separately (different functionId)
+intercept("@modal", ".product", async (ctx) => {
+  "use cache"
+  return <ProductModal id={ctx.params.id} />;
+}),
+```
+
+## Vite Transform
+
+The `rango:use-cache` Vite plugin detects the directive and wraps exports with
+`registerCachedFunction()`:
+
+```typescript
+// Input
+"use cache"
+export async function getProducts() { ... }
+
+// Output
+import { registerCachedFunction } from '@rangojs/router/cache-runtime';
+export const getProducts = registerCachedFunction(
+  async function getProducts() { ... },
+  "src/data/products.ts#getProducts",
+  "default"
+);
+```
+
+Function-level directives are hoisted:
+
+```typescript
+// Input
+export async function getProducts() {
+  "use cache: short";
+  return await db.query("...");
+}
+
+// Output
+const __rango_cached_getProducts = registerCachedFunction(
+  async function getProducts() {
+    return await db.query("...");
+  },
+  "src/data/products.ts#getProducts",
+  "short",
+);
+export async function getProducts() {
+  return __rango_cached_getProducts();
+}
+```
+
+## Backing Store
+
+Writes to the same `SegmentCacheStore` as `cache()` DSL, `Static()`, and `Prerender()`.
+One store, one configuration.
+
+Cache entries (and `cacheProfiles`) can be tagged via `cache({ tags })` or runtime
+`cacheTag(...tags)`. `cacheTag` has two forms: inside a `"use cache"` function it
+tags that entry; called during a request render outside `"use cache"` it tags the
+request's document/shell artifact (rides `_requestTags`) instead of throwing. The
+built-in
+`MemorySegmentCacheStore` and `CFCacheStore` index by tag. Invalidate on demand
+with `updateTag(...tags)` (awaitable, read-your-own-writes; for server actions) or
+`revalidateTag(...tags)` (background, non-blocking; for route handlers/webhooks).
+Both hard-purge; the difference is awaitability, not stale-serving. For
+`CFCacheStore`, distributed invalidation needs a `kv` namespace (markers live in
+that same namespace). The separate `revalidate()` export is the client-update axis
+(which segments re-render on a navigation or action), not a cache bust.
+
+## Interaction with Other Caching
+
+| Mechanism            | Granularity        | When       | Use case                                        |
+| -------------------- | ------------------ | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
+| `"use cache"`        | Function/component | Runtime    | Cache individual data fetches or components     |
+| `cache()` DSL        | Route segment      | Runtime    | Cache entire route subtrees with children       |
+| `cache({ ttl })` DSL | Route segment      | Runtime    | Cache a route subtree with explicit options     |
+| `Static()`           | Route segment      | Build-time | Render once, never re-render                    |
+| `Prerender()`        | Route segment      | Build-time | Pre-render known params, optional live fallback |
+
+## Dev Mode
+
+In development, the Vite transform still wraps functions, but the cache store is
+a `MemorySegmentCacheStore` that works locally. Functions cache normally in dev
+for testing cache behavior.

package/skills/vercel/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+---
+name: vercel
+description: Deploy a Rango app to Vercel Functions (Build Output API v3). Use when deploying a Rango app to Vercel, or asking how the router works with Vercel Functions and the Build Output API.
+argument-hint:
+---
+
+# Vercel deployment
+
+The `vercel` preset builds like the `node` preset (Vercel runs Node Functions, not Workers): rango owns the RSC entry, folds `process.env.NODE_ENV` for the SSR/RSC build, and after `vite build` assembles a `.vercel/output` directory (Build Output API v3) from `dist/` — a single streaming Node Function plus the static client assets.
+
+## Setup
+
+```bash
+npm install @vercel/functions
+```
+
+```typescript
+// vite.config.ts
+import { defineConfig } from "vite";
+import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
+import { rango } from "@rangojs/router/vite";
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  plugins: [react(), rango({ preset: "vercel" })],
+});
+```
+
+`@vercel/functions` is required: it backs the generated function launcher (`waitUntil`) and `VercelCacheStore`. The build fails with a clear error if it is missing.
+
+`vite build` produces `.vercel/output`; deploy with the Vercel CLI (`vercel deploy --prebuilt`) or via Git integration.
+
+## Function configuration
+
+Per-function knobs go under `vercel` and are written into `.vc-config.json`:
+
+```typescript
+rango({
+  preset: "vercel",
+  vercel: {
+    runtime: "nodejs22.x", // default
+    maxDuration: 30, // seconds, default
+    memory: 1024, // MB (platform default when omitted)
+    regions: ["fra1"], // pin regions (platform default when omitted)
+    functionName: "index", // the <name>.func dir + config.json route
+  },
+});
+```
+
+## Runtime Cache
+
+`VercelCacheStore` wraps the Vercel Runtime Cache. Locally (no `process.env.VERCEL`) fall back to an in-memory store so dev/preview work without the platform:
+
+```typescript
+import {
+  MemorySegmentCacheStore,
+  VercelCacheStore,
+} from "@rangojs/router/cache";
+import { getCache, waitUntil } from "@vercel/functions";
+
+const defaults = { ttl: 60, swr: 300 };
+const memoryStore = new MemorySegmentCacheStore({ defaults });
+
+function resolveCache() {
+  if (process.env.VERCEL) {
+    return {
+      store: new VercelCacheStore({
+        cache: getCache({ namespace: process.env.VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID }),
+        waitUntil,
+        defaults,
+      }),
+    };
+  }
+  return { store: memoryStore };
+}
+
+export const router = createRouter({ cache: resolveCache }).routes(/* ... */);
+```
+
+The cache factory receives `(env, ctx)`; on Vercel `env` is `process.env` and `ctx` is `{ waitUntil }`.
+
+## Host routers (multi-app)
+
+A multi-app host router deploys as a **single function** running `hostRouter.match()` for every request (mirrors the Cloudflare single-worker model). Two requirements:
+
+1. The host module exports the `HostRouter` **instance** (default export, or a named `hostRouter`/`router` export) — not a Cloudflare-style `{ fetch }` object, because rango owns the entry and calls `match()` for you.
+2. Point at the host entry (a host app has several `createRouter()` sub-apps, so auto-discovery can't pick one). rango auto-detects a lone `createHostRouter()` file; set `hostRouter` to be explicit:
+
+```typescript
+rango({ preset: "vercel", hostRouter: "./src/worker.rsc.tsx" });
+```
+
+```typescript
+// src/worker.rsc.tsx
+import { createHostRouter } from "@rangojs/router/host";
+
+export const hostRouter = createHostRouter();
+hostRouter.host(["admin.*"]).lazy(() => import("./apps/admin/handler.js"));
+hostRouter.host(["."]).lazy(() => import("./apps/site/handler.js"));
+
+export default hostRouter; // the instance
+```
+
+`{ env, ctx }` is threaded unchanged from the function to each matched sub-app's handler and its `cache(env, ctx)` factory. See the `host-router` skill for sub-app structure and routing patterns.
+
+## Tracing (custom spans)
+
+Vercel exposes tracing through OpenTelemetry. `createVercelTracing()` (from `@rangojs/router/vercel`) emits the router's `rango.*` phase spans onto the global OTel tracer that `@vercel/otel`'s `registerOTel()` installs:
+
+```typescript
+// instrumentation.ts — install the provider, then export the tracing config so
+// importing this module is what runs registerOTel(). A Rango/Vite app does NOT
+// auto-load `instrumentation.ts` like Next.js does, so a standalone
+// registerOTel() that nothing imports is a silent no-op.
+import { registerOTel } from "@vercel/otel";
+import { createVercelTracing } from "@rangojs/router/vercel";
+registerOTel({ serviceName: "my-app" });
+export const tracing = createVercelTracing();
+
+// router.tsx — importing `tracing` runs instrumentation.ts (and registerOTel)
+import { tracing } from "./instrumentation.js";
+export const router = createRouter({ tracing }).routes(/* ... */);
+```
+
+`createVercelTracing(opts?)` takes `{ enabled, spans, tracerName, tracer }` — same phase set as `createCloudflareTracing` (`rango.request/middleware/action/loader/render/ssr`). Caveats: Node-runtime only (Vercel custom spans are unsupported on Edge); `registerOTel()` must run before the first request; `@vercel/otel` is what unlocks Vercel Session Tracing + Trace Drains. The deploy bundles `@vercel/otel` and its `@opentelemetry/*` peers into the function (no `node_modules` at runtime), so they must be installed. See `examples/vercel-basic` for a worked hybrid setup and the `observability` skill for the cross-platform tracing model.
+
+## Local validation without deploying
+
+`vite preview` serves the static client assets only. To preview the RSC **function**, serve the assembled `.vercel/output` behind filesystem-then-function routing — `examples/vercel-basic/scripts/preview.mjs` does this (and `pnpm preview:vercel` runs it). For a faithful deploy test (isolated filesystem, ESM, self-contained bundle), `examples/vercel-basic/scripts/smoke.mjs` serves it from a temp dir outside the repo. Both share `scripts/serve-vercel-output.mjs`.