@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.0f44aca1

package/src/router/pattern-matching.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+/**
+ * Router Pattern Matching
+ *
+ * Route pattern compilation and matching utilities.
+ */
+
+import type { RouteEntry, TrailingSlashMode } from "../types";
+import type { EntryData } from "../server/context";
+import { debugLog, isRouterDebugEnabled } from "./logging.js";
+
+/**
+ * Parsed segment info
+ */
+export interface ParsedSegment {
+  type: "static" | "param" | "wildcard";
+  value: string; // static text, param name, or "*"
+  optional: boolean;
+  constraint?: string[]; // enum values like ["en", "gb"]
+  suffix?: string; // literal text after param in same segment (e.g., ".html")
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a route pattern into segments
+ *
+ * Supports:
+ * - Static: /blog, /about
+ * - Params: /:slug, /:id
+ * - Optional: /:locale?, /:page?
+ * - Constrained: /:locale(en|gb), /:type(post|page)
+ * - Optional + Constrained: /:locale(en|gb)?
+ * - Wildcard: /*
+ */
+export function parsePattern(pattern: string): ParsedSegment[] {
+  const segments: ParsedSegment[] = [];
+  // Match: /segment where segment can be:
+  // - static text
+  // - :param
+  // - :param?
+  // - :param(a|b)
+  // - :param(a|b)?
+  // - *
+  const segmentRegex =
+    /\/(:([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)(\(([^)]+)\))?(\?)?([^/]*)|(\*)|([^/]+))/g;
+
+  let match;
+  while ((match = segmentRegex.exec(pattern)) !== null) {
+    const [
+      ,
+      ,
+      paramName,
+      ,
+      constraint,
+      optional,
+      suffix,
+      wildcard,
+      staticText,
+    ] = match;
+
+    if (wildcard) {
+      segments.push({ type: "wildcard", value: "*", optional: false });
+    } else if (paramName) {
+      segments.push({
+        type: "param",
+        value: paramName,
+        optional: optional === "?",
+        constraint: constraint ? constraint.split("|") : undefined,
+        suffix: suffix || undefined,
+      });
+    } else if (staticText) {
+      segments.push({ type: "static", value: staticText, optional: false });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return segments;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compiled pattern result containing regex, param metadata, and trailing slash info.
+ */
+export interface CompiledPattern {
+  regex: RegExp;
+  paramNames: string[];
+  optionalParams: Set<string>;
+  hasTrailingSlash: boolean;
+}
+
+// Module-level cache for compiled patterns. Route patterns are a finite set
+// defined at build time, so this map is bounded by the number of routes.
+const compiledPatternCache = new Map<string, CompiledPattern>();
+
+/**
+ * Get a compiled pattern from cache or compile and cache it.
+ * Avoids O(routes) regex compilations per request in the fallback path.
+ */
+export function getCompiledPattern(pattern: string): CompiledPattern {
+  let compiled = compiledPatternCache.get(pattern);
+  if (compiled) return compiled;
+  compiled = compilePattern(pattern);
+  compiledPatternCache.set(pattern, compiled);
+  return compiled;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the current size of the compiled pattern cache.
+ * Exposed for testing.
+ */
+export function getPatternCacheSize(): number {
+  return compiledPatternCache.size;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear the compiled pattern cache.
+ * Exposed for testing.
+ */
+export function clearPatternCache(): void {
+  compiledPatternCache.clear();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compile a route pattern to regex
+ *
+ * Supports:
+ * - Static segments: /blog, /about
+ * - Dynamic params: /:slug, /:id
+ * - Optional params: /:locale?, /:page?
+ * - Constrained params: /:locale(en|gb)
+ * - Optional + constrained: /:locale(en|gb)?
+ * - Wildcard: /*
+ *
+ * @example
+ * compilePattern("/blog/:slug")           // matches /blog/hello
+ * compilePattern("/:locale?/blog")        // matches /blog or /en/blog
+ * compilePattern("/:locale(en|gb)/blog")  // matches /en/blog or /gb/blog
+ * compilePattern("/:locale(en|gb)?/blog") // matches /blog, /en/blog, or /gb/blog
+ */
+export function compilePattern(pattern: string): CompiledPattern {
+  // Detect if pattern has trailing slash (but not just "/")
+  const hasTrailingSlash = pattern.length > 1 && pattern.endsWith("/");
+  // Remove trailing slash for parsing (we'll add it back to regex if needed)
+  const normalizedPattern = hasTrailingSlash ? pattern.slice(0, -1) : pattern;
+
+  const segments = parsePattern(normalizedPattern);
+  const paramNames: string[] = [];
+  const optionalParams = new Set<string>();
+
+  let regexPattern = "";
+
+  for (const segment of segments) {
+    if (segment.type === "wildcard") {
+      paramNames.push("*");
+      regexPattern += "/(.*)";
+    } else if (segment.type === "param") {
+      paramNames.push(segment.value);
+      const suffixPattern = segment.suffix ? escapeRegex(segment.suffix) : "";
+      const valuePattern = segment.constraint
+        ? `(${segment.constraint.map(escapeRegex).join("|")})`
+        : segment.suffix
+          ? "([^/]+?)"
+          : "([^/]+)";
+
+      if (segment.optional) {
+        optionalParams.add(segment.value);
+        // Optional: make the whole /segment optional
+        regexPattern += `(?:/${valuePattern}${suffixPattern})?`;
+      } else {
+        regexPattern += `/${valuePattern}${suffixPattern}`;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Static segment
+      regexPattern += `/${escapeRegex(segment.value)}`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Handle root path
+  if (regexPattern === "") {
+    regexPattern = "/";
+  }
+
+  // Add trailing slash to regex if pattern has one
+  if (hasTrailingSlash) {
+    regexPattern += "/";
+  }
+
+  return {
+    regex: new RegExp(`^${regexPattern}$`),
+    paramNames,
+    optionalParams,
+    hasTrailingSlash,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Escape special regex characters in a string
+ */
+function escapeRegex(str: string): string {
+  return str.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract the static prefix from a route pattern.
+ * Returns everything before the first param/wildcard.
+ *
+ * Called ONCE at registration time, not at match time.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ * - "/api" → "/api"
+ * - "/site/:locale" → "/site"
+ * - "/:locale" → ""
+ * - "/admin/users/:id" → "/admin/users"
+ * - "/api/*" → "/api"
+ */
+export function extractStaticPrefix(pattern: string): string {
+  if (!pattern || pattern === "/") return "";
+
+  // Find the first occurrence of : or *
+  const paramIndex = pattern.indexOf(":");
+  const wildcardIndex = pattern.indexOf("*");
+
+  let cutIndex = -1;
+  if (paramIndex !== -1 && wildcardIndex !== -1) {
+    cutIndex = Math.min(paramIndex, wildcardIndex);
+  } else if (paramIndex !== -1) {
+    cutIndex = paramIndex;
+  } else if (wildcardIndex !== -1) {
+    cutIndex = wildcardIndex;
+  }
+
+  if (cutIndex === -1) {
+    // No params or wildcards - entire pattern is static
+    return pattern;
+  }
+
+  if (cutIndex === 0) {
+    // Pattern starts with : or * - no static prefix
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  // Find the last / before the param
+  const lastSlash = pattern.lastIndexOf("/", cutIndex - 1);
+  if (lastSlash === -1 || lastSlash === 0) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  return pattern.slice(0, lastSlash);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Match a pathname against registered routes
+ *
+ * Note: Optional params that are absent in the path will have empty string value.
+ * Use the pattern definition to determine if a param is optional.
+ *
+ * Trailing slash handling (priority order):
+ * 1. Per-route `trailingSlash` config from route()
+ * 2. Pattern-based detection (pattern ending with `/`)
+ *
+ * Modes:
+ * - "never": Redirect to no trailing slash
+ * - "always": Redirect to with trailing slash
+ * - "ignore": Match both, no redirect
+ */
+/**
+ * Result of a route match
+ */
+export interface RouteMatchResult<TEnv = any> {
+  entry: RouteEntry<TEnv>;
+  routeKey: string;
+  params: Record<string, string>;
+  optionalParams: Set<string>;
+  redirectTo?: string;
+  /** Ancestry shortCodes for layout pruning (from trie match) */
+  ancestry?: string[];
+  /** Route has pre-rendered data available (from trie) */
+  pr?: true;
+  /** Passthrough: handler kept for live fallback on unknown params (from trie) */
+  pt?: true;
+  /** Response type for non-RSC routes (json, text, image, any) */
+  responseType?: string;
+  /** Negotiate variants: response-type routes sharing this path */
+  negotiateVariants?: Array<{ routeKey: string; responseType: string }>;
+  /** RSC-first: RSC route was defined before response-type variants */
+  rscFirst?: true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Result when a lazy entry needs evaluation before matching
+ */
+export interface LazyEvaluationNeeded<TEnv = any> {
+  lazyEntry: RouteEntry<TEnv>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Type guard to check if result is a lazy evaluation needed response
+ */
+export function isLazyEvaluationNeeded<TEnv>(
+  result: RouteMatchResult<TEnv> | LazyEvaluationNeeded<TEnv> | null,
+): result is LazyEvaluationNeeded<TEnv> {
+  return result !== null && "lazyEntry" in result;
+}
+
+// Debug stats type for exports
+interface MatchDebugStats {
+  entriesChecked: number;
+  entriesSkipped: number;
+  routesChecked: number;
+}
+
+// Debug stats for route matching (only in debug mode)
+let debugEnabled = false;
+let debugStats = { entriesChecked: 0, entriesSkipped: 0, routesChecked: 0 };
+
+export function enableMatchDebug(enabled: boolean): void {
+  debugEnabled = enabled;
+}
+
+export function getMatchDebugStats(): MatchDebugStats {
+  return {
+    entriesChecked: debugStats.entriesChecked,
+    entriesSkipped: debugStats.entriesSkipped,
+    routesChecked: debugStats.routesChecked,
+  };
+}
+
+export function findMatch<TEnv>(
+  pathname: string,
+  routesEntries: RouteEntry<TEnv>[],
+): RouteMatchResult<TEnv> | LazyEvaluationNeeded<TEnv> | null {
+  const effectiveDebug = debugEnabled || isRouterDebugEnabled();
+
+  if (effectiveDebug) {
+    debugStats = { entriesChecked: 0, entriesSkipped: 0, routesChecked: 0 };
+    debugLog("findMatch", "start", { pathname, entries: routesEntries.length });
+    for (const e of routesEntries) {
+      debugLog("findMatch", "entry", {
+        prefix: e.prefix,
+        staticPrefix: e.staticPrefix,
+        routeCount: Object.keys(e.routes).length,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  const pathnameHasTrailingSlash =
+    pathname.length > 1 && pathname.endsWith("/");
+  // Try alternate pathname for redirect matching
+  const alternatePathname = pathnameHasTrailingSlash
+    ? pathname.slice(0, -1)
+    : pathname + "/";
+
+  for (const entry of routesEntries) {
+    // Short-circuit: skip entry if pathname doesn't start with static prefix
+    // staticPrefix is pre-computed at registration time, so this is O(1)
+    if (entry.staticPrefix && !pathname.startsWith(entry.staticPrefix)) {
+      if (effectiveDebug) {
+        debugStats.entriesSkipped++;
+        debugLog("findMatch", "skipped entry", {
+          prefix: entry.prefix,
+          staticPrefix: entry.staticPrefix,
+        });
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Check if this is a lazy entry that needs evaluation
+    // When staticPrefix matches but routes are not yet populated, signal caller to evaluate
+    if (entry.lazy && !entry.lazyEvaluated) {
+      if (effectiveDebug) {
+        debugLog("findMatch", "lazy entry requires evaluation", {
+          staticPrefix: entry.staticPrefix,
+        });
+      }
+      return { lazyEntry: entry };
+    }
+
+    if (effectiveDebug) {
+      debugStats.entriesChecked++;
+    }
+
+    const routeEntries = Object.entries(entry.routes);
+
+    for (const [routeKey, pattern] of routeEntries) {
+      if (effectiveDebug) {
+        debugStats.routesChecked++;
+      }
+
+      // Join prefix and pattern, handling edge cases
+      let fullPattern: string;
+      if (entry.prefix === "" || entry.prefix === "/") {
+        fullPattern = pattern;
+      } else if (pattern === "/" || pattern === "") {
+        fullPattern = entry.prefix;
+      } else {
+        fullPattern = entry.prefix + pattern;
+      }
+
+      const { regex, paramNames, optionalParams, hasTrailingSlash } =
+        getCompiledPattern(fullPattern);
+
+      // Get trailing slash mode for this route (per-route config or pattern-based)
+      const trailingSlashMode: TrailingSlashMode | undefined =
+        entry.trailingSlash?.[routeKey];
+
+      // Prerender flag from entry metadata (set by urls() for prerender handlers)
+      const prFlag = entry.prerenderRouteKeys?.has(routeKey)
+        ? { pr: true as const }
+        : {};
+      const ptFlag = entry.passthroughRouteKeys?.has(routeKey)
+        ? { pt: true as const }
+        : {};
+
+      // Try exact match first
+      const match = regex.exec(pathname);
+      if (match) {
+        const params: Record<string, string> = {};
+        paramNames.forEach((name, index) => {
+          params[name] = match[index + 1] ?? "";
+        });
+
+        if (effectiveDebug) {
+          debugLog("findMatch", "matched route", {
+            routeKey,
+            pattern: fullPattern,
+            stats: { ...debugStats },
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Check if trailing slash mode requires redirect even on exact match
+        if (
+          trailingSlashMode === "always" &&
+          !pathnameHasTrailingSlash &&
+          pathname !== "/"
+        ) {
+          // Mode says always have trailing slash, but pathname doesn't have it
+          return {
+            entry,
+            routeKey,
+            params,
+            optionalParams,
+            redirectTo: pathname + "/",
+            ...prFlag,
+            ...ptFlag,
+          };
+        } else if (trailingSlashMode === "never" && pathnameHasTrailingSlash) {
+          // Mode says never have trailing slash, but pathname has it
+          return {
+            entry,
+            routeKey,
+            params,
+            optionalParams,
+            redirectTo: pathname.slice(0, -1),
+            ...prFlag,
+            ...ptFlag,
+          };
+        }
+
+        return {
+          entry,
+          routeKey,
+          params,
+          optionalParams,
+          ...prFlag,
+          ...ptFlag,
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Try alternate pathname (opposite trailing slash)
+      const altMatch = regex.exec(alternatePathname);
+      if (altMatch) {
+        const params: Record<string, string> = {};
+        paramNames.forEach((name, index) => {
+          params[name] = altMatch[index + 1] ?? "";
+        });
+
+        // Determine redirect behavior based on mode
+        if (trailingSlashMode === "ignore") {
+          // Match without redirect
+          return {
+            entry,
+            routeKey,
+            params,
+            optionalParams,
+            ...prFlag,
+            ...ptFlag,
+          };
+        } else if (trailingSlashMode === "never") {
+          // Redirect to no trailing slash
+          if (pathnameHasTrailingSlash) {
+            return {
+              entry,
+              routeKey,
+              params,
+              optionalParams,
+              redirectTo: alternatePathname,
+              ...prFlag,
+              ...ptFlag,
+            };
+          }
+          return {
+            entry,
+            routeKey,
+            params,
+            optionalParams,
+            ...prFlag,
+            ...ptFlag,
+          };
+        } else if (trailingSlashMode === "always") {
+          // Redirect to with trailing slash
+          if (!pathnameHasTrailingSlash) {
+            return {
+              entry,
+              routeKey,
+              params,
+              optionalParams,
+              redirectTo: alternatePathname,
+              ...prFlag,
+              ...ptFlag,
+            };
+          }
+          return {
+            entry,
+            routeKey,
+            params,
+            optionalParams,
+            ...prFlag,
+            ...ptFlag,
+          };
+        } else {
+          // No explicit mode - use pattern-based detection
+          // Redirect to canonical form (what the pattern defines)
+          const canonicalPath = hasTrailingSlash
+            ? alternatePathname
+            : pathname.slice(0, -1);
+          return {
+            entry,
+            routeKey,
+            params,
+            optionalParams,
+            redirectTo: canonicalPath,
+            ...prFlag,
+            ...ptFlag,
+          };
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Traverse from entry to bottom to top, yielding each EntryData
+ * e.g. {child -> parent -> grandparent ...}
+ */
+export function* traverseBack(entry: EntryData): Generator<EntryData> {
+  let current: EntryData | null = entry;
+  const items = [] as EntryData[];
+  while (current !== null) {
+    items.push(current); // Move up to next parent
+    current = current.parent;
+  }
+  for (let i = items.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    yield items[i];
+  }
+}