@point3/node-rdkafka 3.6.0-1

package/deps/librdkafka/src/rdbuf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1884 @@
+/*
+ * librdkafka - Apache Kafka C library
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Magnus Edenhill
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+
+#include "rd.h"
+#include "rdbuf.h"
+#include "rdunittest.h"
+#include "rdlog.h"
+#include "rdcrc32.h"
+#include "crc32c.h"
+
+
+static size_t
+rd_buf_get_writable0(rd_buf_t *rbuf, rd_segment_t **segp, void **p);
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Destroy the segment and free its payload.
+ *
+ * @remark Will NOT unlink from buffer.
+ */
+static void rd_segment_destroy(rd_segment_t *seg) {
+        /* Free payload */
+        if (seg->seg_free && seg->seg_p)
+                seg->seg_free(seg->seg_p);
+
+        if (seg->seg_flags & RD_SEGMENT_F_FREE)
+                rd_free(seg);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize segment with absolute offset, backing memory pointer,
+ *        and backing memory size.
+ * @remark The segment is NOT linked.
+ */
+static void rd_segment_init(rd_segment_t *seg, void *mem, size_t size) {
+        memset(seg, 0, sizeof(*seg));
+        seg->seg_p    = mem;
+        seg->seg_size = size;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Append segment to buffer
+ *
+ * @remark Will set the buffer position to the new \p seg if no existing wpos.
+ * @remark Will set the segment seg_absof to the current length of the buffer.
+ */
+static rd_segment_t *rd_buf_append_segment(rd_buf_t *rbuf, rd_segment_t *seg) {
+        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&rbuf->rbuf_segments, seg, seg_link);
+        rbuf->rbuf_segment_cnt++;
+        seg->seg_absof = rbuf->rbuf_len;
+        rbuf->rbuf_len += seg->seg_of;
+        rbuf->rbuf_size += seg->seg_size;
+
+        /* Update writable position */
+        if (!rbuf->rbuf_wpos)
+                rbuf->rbuf_wpos = seg;
+        else
+                rd_buf_get_writable0(rbuf, NULL, NULL);
+
+        return seg;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Attempt to allocate \p size bytes from the buffers extra buffers.
+ * @returns the allocated pointer which MUST NOT be freed, or NULL if
+ *          not enough memory.
+ * @remark the returned pointer is memory-aligned to be safe.
+ */
+static void *extra_alloc(rd_buf_t *rbuf, size_t size) {
+        size_t of = RD_ROUNDUP(rbuf->rbuf_extra_len, 8); /* FIXME: 32-bit */
+        void *p;
+
+        if (of + size > rbuf->rbuf_extra_size)
+                return NULL;
+
+        p = rbuf->rbuf_extra + of; /* Aligned pointer */
+
+        rbuf->rbuf_extra_len = of + size;
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Get a pre-allocated segment if available, or allocate a new
+ *        segment with the extra amount of \p size bytes allocated for payload.
+ *
+ *        Will not append the segment to the buffer.
+ */
+static rd_segment_t *rd_buf_alloc_segment0(rd_buf_t *rbuf, size_t size) {
+        rd_segment_t *seg;
+
+        /* See if there is enough room in the extra buffer for
+         * allocating the segment header and the buffer,
+         * or just the segment header, else fall back to malloc. */
+        if ((seg = extra_alloc(rbuf, sizeof(*seg) + size))) {
+                rd_segment_init(seg, size > 0 ? seg + 1 : NULL, size);
+
+        } else if ((seg = extra_alloc(rbuf, sizeof(*seg)))) {
+                rd_segment_init(seg, size > 0 ? rd_malloc(size) : NULL, size);
+                if (size > 0)
+                        seg->seg_free = rd_free;
+
+        } else if ((seg = rd_malloc(sizeof(*seg) + size))) {
+                rd_segment_init(seg, size > 0 ? seg + 1 : NULL, size);
+                seg->seg_flags |= RD_SEGMENT_F_FREE;
+
+        } else
+                rd_assert(!*"segment allocation failure");
+
+        return seg;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Allocate between \p min_size .. \p max_size of backing memory
+ *        and add it as a new segment to the buffer.
+ *
+ *        The buffer position is updated to point to the new segment.
+ *
+ *        The segment will be over-allocated if permitted by max_size
+ *        (max_size == 0 or max_size > min_size).
+ */
+static rd_segment_t *
+rd_buf_alloc_segment(rd_buf_t *rbuf, size_t min_size, size_t max_size) {
+        rd_segment_t *seg;
+
+        /* Over-allocate if allowed. */
+        if (min_size != max_size || max_size == 0)
+                max_size = RD_MAX(sizeof(*seg) * 4,
+                                  RD_MAX(min_size * 2, rbuf->rbuf_size / 2));
+
+        seg = rd_buf_alloc_segment0(rbuf, max_size);
+
+        rd_buf_append_segment(rbuf, seg);
+
+        return seg;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Ensures that \p size bytes will be available
+ *        for writing and the position will be updated to point to the
+ *        start of this contiguous block.
+ */
+void rd_buf_write_ensure_contig(rd_buf_t *rbuf, size_t size) {
+        rd_segment_t *seg = rbuf->rbuf_wpos;
+
+        if (seg) {
+                void *p;
+                size_t remains = rd_segment_write_remains(seg, &p);
+
+                if (remains >= size)
+                        return; /* Existing segment has enough space. */
+
+                /* Future optimization:
+                 * If existing segment has enough remaining space to warrant
+                 * a split, do it, before allocating a new one. */
+        }
+
+        /* Allocate new segment */
+        rbuf->rbuf_wpos = rd_buf_alloc_segment(rbuf, size, size);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Ensures that at least \p size bytes will be available for
+ *        a future write.
+ *
+ *        Typically used prior to a call to rd_buf_get_write_iov()
+ */
+void rd_buf_write_ensure(rd_buf_t *rbuf, size_t min_size, size_t max_size) {
+        size_t remains;
+        while ((remains = rd_buf_write_remains(rbuf)) < min_size)
+                rd_buf_alloc_segment(rbuf, min_size - remains,
+                                     max_size ? max_size - remains : 0);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @returns the segment at absolute offset \p absof, or NULL if out of range.
+ *
+ * @remark \p hint is an optional segment where to start looking, such as
+ *         the current write or read position.
+ */
+rd_segment_t *rd_buf_get_segment_at_offset(const rd_buf_t *rbuf,
+                                           const rd_segment_t *hint,
+                                           size_t absof) {
+        const rd_segment_t *seg = hint;
+
+        if (unlikely(absof >= rbuf->rbuf_len))
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* Only use current write position if possible and if it helps */
+        if (!seg || absof < seg->seg_absof)
+                seg = TAILQ_FIRST(&rbuf->rbuf_segments);
+
+        do {
+                if (absof >= seg->seg_absof &&
+                    absof < seg->seg_absof + seg->seg_of) {
+                        rd_dassert(seg->seg_absof <= rd_buf_len(rbuf));
+                        return (rd_segment_t *)seg;
+                }
+        } while ((seg = TAILQ_NEXT(seg, seg_link)));
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Split segment \p seg at absolute offset \p absof, appending
+ *        a new segment after \p seg with its memory pointing to the
+ *        memory starting at \p absof.
+ *        \p seg 's memory will be shorted to the \p absof.
+ *
+ *        The new segment is NOT appended to the buffer.
+ *
+ * @warning MUST ONLY be used on the LAST segment
+ *
+ * @warning if a segment is inserted between these two splitted parts
+ *          it is imperative that the later segment's absof is corrected.
+ *
+ * @remark The seg_free callback is retained on the original \p seg
+ *         and is not copied to the new segment, but flags are copied.
+ */
+static rd_segment_t *
+rd_segment_split(rd_buf_t *rbuf, rd_segment_t *seg, size_t absof) {
+        rd_segment_t *newseg;
+        size_t relof;
+
+        rd_assert(seg == rbuf->rbuf_wpos);
+        rd_assert(absof >= seg->seg_absof &&
+                  absof <= seg->seg_absof + seg->seg_of);
+
+        relof = absof - seg->seg_absof;
+
+        newseg = rd_buf_alloc_segment0(rbuf, 0);
+
+        /* Add later part of split bytes to new segment */
+        newseg->seg_p     = seg->seg_p + relof;
+        newseg->seg_of    = seg->seg_of - relof;
+        newseg->seg_size  = seg->seg_size - relof;
+        newseg->seg_absof = SIZE_MAX; /* Invalid */
+        newseg->seg_flags |= seg->seg_flags;
+
+        /* Remove earlier part of split bytes from previous segment */
+        seg->seg_of   = relof;
+        seg->seg_size = relof;
+
+        /* newseg's length will be added to rbuf_len in append_segment(),
+         * so shave it off here from seg's perspective. */
+        rbuf->rbuf_len -= newseg->seg_of;
+        rbuf->rbuf_size -= newseg->seg_size;
+
+        return newseg;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Unlink and destroy a segment, updating the \p rbuf
+ *        with the decrease in length and capacity.
+ */
+static void rd_buf_destroy_segment(rd_buf_t *rbuf, rd_segment_t *seg) {
+        rd_assert(rbuf->rbuf_segment_cnt > 0 && rbuf->rbuf_len >= seg->seg_of &&
+                  rbuf->rbuf_size >= seg->seg_size);
+
+        TAILQ_REMOVE(&rbuf->rbuf_segments, seg, seg_link);
+        rbuf->rbuf_segment_cnt--;
+        rbuf->rbuf_len -= seg->seg_of;
+        rbuf->rbuf_size -= seg->seg_size;
+        if (rbuf->rbuf_wpos == seg)
+                rbuf->rbuf_wpos = NULL;
+
+        rd_segment_destroy(seg);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Free memory associated with the \p rbuf, but not the rbuf itself.
+ *        Segments will be destroyed.
+ */
+void rd_buf_destroy(rd_buf_t *rbuf) {
+        rd_segment_t *seg, *tmp;
+
+#if ENABLE_DEVEL
+        /* FIXME */
+        if (rbuf->rbuf_len > 0 && 0) {
+                size_t overalloc = rbuf->rbuf_size - rbuf->rbuf_len;
+                float fill_grade =
+                    (float)rbuf->rbuf_len / (float)rbuf->rbuf_size;
+
+                printf("fill grade: %.2f%% (%" PRIusz
+                       " bytes over-allocated)\n",
+                       fill_grade * 100.0f, overalloc);
+        }
+#endif
+
+
+        TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(seg, &rbuf->rbuf_segments, seg_link, tmp) {
+                rd_segment_destroy(seg);
+        }
+
+        if (rbuf->rbuf_extra)
+                rd_free(rbuf->rbuf_extra);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Same as rd_buf_destroy() but also frees the \p rbuf itself.
+ */
+void rd_buf_destroy_free(rd_buf_t *rbuf) {
+        rd_buf_destroy(rbuf);
+        rd_free(rbuf);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize buffer, pre-allocating \p fixed_seg_cnt segments
+ *        where the first segment will have a \p buf_size of backing memory.
+ *
+ *        The caller may rearrange the backing memory as it see fits.
+ */
+void rd_buf_init(rd_buf_t *rbuf, size_t fixed_seg_cnt, size_t buf_size) {
+        size_t totalloc = 0;
+
+        memset(rbuf, 0, sizeof(*rbuf));
+        TAILQ_INIT(&rbuf->rbuf_segments);
+
+        if (!fixed_seg_cnt) {
+                assert(!buf_size);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        /* Pre-allocate memory for a fixed set of segments that are known
+         * before-hand, to minimize the number of extra allocations
+         * needed for well-known layouts (such as headers, etc) */
+        totalloc += RD_ROUNDUP(sizeof(rd_segment_t), 8) * fixed_seg_cnt;
+
+        /* Pre-allocate extra space for the backing buffer. */
+        totalloc += buf_size;
+
+        rbuf->rbuf_extra_size = totalloc;
+        rbuf->rbuf_extra      = rd_malloc(rbuf->rbuf_extra_size);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Allocates a buffer object and initializes it.
+ * @sa rd_buf_init()
+ */
+rd_buf_t *rd_buf_new(size_t fixed_seg_cnt, size_t buf_size) {
+        rd_buf_t *rbuf = rd_malloc(sizeof(*rbuf));
+        rd_buf_init(rbuf, fixed_seg_cnt, buf_size);
+        return rbuf;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Convenience writer iterator interface.
+ *
+ *        After writing to \p p the caller must update the written length
+ *        by calling rd_buf_write(rbuf, NULL, written_length)
+ *
+ * @returns the number of contiguous writable bytes in segment
+ *          and sets \p *p to point to the start of the memory region.
+ */
+static size_t
+rd_buf_get_writable0(rd_buf_t *rbuf, rd_segment_t **segp, void **p) {
+        rd_segment_t *seg;
+
+        for (seg = rbuf->rbuf_wpos; seg; seg = TAILQ_NEXT(seg, seg_link)) {
+                size_t len = rd_segment_write_remains(seg, p);
+
+                /* Even though the write offset hasn't changed we
+                 * avoid future segment scans by adjusting the
+                 * wpos here to the first writable segment. */
+                rbuf->rbuf_wpos = seg;
+                if (segp)
+                        *segp = seg;
+
+                if (unlikely(len == 0))
+                        continue;
+
+                /* Also adjust absof if the segment was allocated
+                 * before the previous segment's memory was exhausted
+                 * and thus now might have a lower absolute offset
+                 * than the previos segment's now higher relative offset. */
+                if (seg->seg_of == 0 && seg->seg_absof < rbuf->rbuf_len)
+                        seg->seg_absof = rbuf->rbuf_len;
+
+                return len;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+size_t rd_buf_get_writable(rd_buf_t *rbuf, void **p) {
+        rd_segment_t *seg;
+        return rd_buf_get_writable0(rbuf, &seg, p);
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write \p payload of \p size bytes to current position
+ *        in buffer. A new segment will be allocated and appended
+ *        if needed.
+ *
+ * @returns the write position where payload was written (pre-write).
+ *          Returning the pre-positition allows write_update() to later
+ *          update the same location, effectively making write()s
+ *          also a place-holder mechanism.
+ *
+ * @remark If \p payload is NULL only the write position is updated,
+ *         in this mode it is required for the buffer to have enough
+ *         memory for the NULL write (as it would otherwise cause
+ *         uninitialized memory in any new segments allocated from this
+ *         function).
+ */
+size_t rd_buf_write(rd_buf_t *rbuf, const void *payload, size_t size) {
+        size_t remains = size;
+        size_t initial_absof;
+        const char *psrc = (const char *)payload;
+
+        initial_absof = rbuf->rbuf_len;
+
+        /* Ensure enough space by pre-allocating segments. */
+        rd_buf_write_ensure(rbuf, size, 0);
+
+        while (remains > 0) {
+                void *p           = NULL;
+                rd_segment_t *seg = NULL;
+                size_t segremains = rd_buf_get_writable0(rbuf, &seg, &p);
+                size_t wlen       = RD_MIN(remains, segremains);
+
+                rd_dassert(seg == rbuf->rbuf_wpos);
+                rd_dassert(wlen > 0);
+                rd_dassert(seg->seg_p + seg->seg_of <= (char *)p &&
+                           (char *)p < seg->seg_p + seg->seg_size);
+
+                if (payload) {
+                        memcpy(p, psrc, wlen);
+                        psrc += wlen;
+                }
+
+                seg->seg_of += wlen;
+                rbuf->rbuf_len += wlen;
+                remains -= wlen;
+        }
+
+        rd_assert(remains == 0);
+
+        return initial_absof;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write \p slice to \p rbuf
+ *
+ * @remark The slice position will be updated.
+ *
+ * @returns the number of bytes witten (always slice length)
+ */
+size_t rd_buf_write_slice(rd_buf_t *rbuf, rd_slice_t *slice) {
+        const void *p;
+        size_t rlen;
+        size_t sum = 0;
+
+        while ((rlen = rd_slice_reader(slice, &p))) {
+                size_t r;
+                r = rd_buf_write(rbuf, p, rlen);
+                rd_dassert(r != 0);
+                sum += r;
+        }
+
+        return sum;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write \p payload of \p size at absolute offset \p absof
+ *        WITHOUT updating the total buffer length.
+ *
+ *        This is used to update a previously written region, such
+ *        as updating the header length.
+ *
+ * @returns the number of bytes written, which may be less than \p size
+ *          if the update spans multiple segments.
+ */
+static size_t rd_segment_write_update(rd_segment_t *seg,
+                                      size_t absof,
+                                      const void *payload,
+                                      size_t size) {
+        size_t relof;
+        size_t wlen;
+
+        rd_dassert(absof >= seg->seg_absof);
+        relof = absof - seg->seg_absof;
+        rd_assert(relof <= seg->seg_of);
+        wlen = RD_MIN(size, seg->seg_of - relof);
+        rd_dassert(relof + wlen <= seg->seg_of);
+
+        memcpy(seg->seg_p + relof, payload, wlen);
+
+        return wlen;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write \p payload of \p size at absolute offset \p absof
+ *        WITHOUT updating the total buffer length.
+ *
+ *        This is used to update a previously written region, such
+ *        as updating the header length.
+ */
+size_t rd_buf_write_update(rd_buf_t *rbuf,
+                           size_t absof,
+                           const void *payload,
+                           size_t size) {
+        rd_segment_t *seg;
+        const char *psrc = (const char *)payload;
+        size_t of;
+
+        /* Find segment for offset */
+        seg = rd_buf_get_segment_at_offset(rbuf, rbuf->rbuf_wpos, absof);
+        rd_assert(seg && *"invalid absolute offset");
+
+        for (of = 0; of < size; seg = TAILQ_NEXT(seg, seg_link)) {
+                rd_assert(seg->seg_absof <= rd_buf_len(rbuf));
+                size_t wlen = rd_segment_write_update(seg, absof + of,
+                                                      psrc + of, size - of);
+                of += wlen;
+        }
+
+        rd_dassert(of == size);
+
+        return of;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Push reference memory segment to current write position.
+ */
+void rd_buf_push0(rd_buf_t *rbuf,
+                  const void *payload,
+                  size_t size,
+                  void (*free_cb)(void *),
+                  rd_bool_t writable) {
+        rd_segment_t *prevseg, *seg, *tailseg = NULL;
+
+        if ((prevseg = rbuf->rbuf_wpos) &&
+            rd_segment_write_remains(prevseg, NULL) > 0) {
+                /* If the current segment still has room in it split it
+                 * and insert the pushed segment in the middle (below). */
+                tailseg = rd_segment_split(
+                    rbuf, prevseg, prevseg->seg_absof + prevseg->seg_of);
+        }
+
+        seg           = rd_buf_alloc_segment0(rbuf, 0);
+        seg->seg_p    = (char *)payload;
+        seg->seg_size = size;
+        seg->seg_of   = size;
+        seg->seg_free = free_cb;
+        if (!writable)
+                seg->seg_flags |= RD_SEGMENT_F_RDONLY;
+
+        rd_buf_append_segment(rbuf, seg);
+
+        if (tailseg)
+                rd_buf_append_segment(rbuf, tailseg);
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Erase \p size bytes at \p absof from buffer.
+ *
+ * @returns the number of bytes erased.
+ *
+ * @remark This is costly since it forces a memory move.
+ */
+size_t rd_buf_erase(rd_buf_t *rbuf, size_t absof, size_t size) {
+        rd_segment_t *seg, *next = NULL;
+        size_t of;
+
+        /* Find segment for offset */
+        seg = rd_buf_get_segment_at_offset(rbuf, NULL, absof);
+
+        /* Adjust segments until size is exhausted, then continue scanning to
+         * update the absolute offset. */
+        for (of = 0; seg && of < size; seg = next) {
+                /* Example:
+                 *   seg_absof = 10
+                 *   seg_of    = 7
+                 *   absof     = 12
+                 *   of        = 1
+                 *   size      = 4
+                 *
+                 * rof          = 3   relative segment offset where to erase
+                 * eraseremains = 3   remaining bytes to erase
+                 * toerase      = 3   available bytes to erase in segment
+                 * segremains   = 1   remaining bytes in segment after to
+                 *                    the right of the erased part, i.e.,
+                 *                    the memory that needs to be moved to the
+                 *                    left.
+                 */
+                /** Relative offset in segment for the absolute offset */
+                size_t rof = (absof + of) - seg->seg_absof;
+                /** How much remains to be erased */
+                size_t eraseremains = size - of;
+                /** How much can be erased from this segment */
+                size_t toerase = RD_MIN(seg->seg_of - rof, eraseremains);
+                /** How much remains in the segment after the erased part */
+                size_t segremains = seg->seg_of - (rof + toerase);
+
+                next = TAILQ_NEXT(seg, seg_link);
+
+                seg->seg_absof -= of;
+
+                if (unlikely(toerase == 0))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (unlikely((seg->seg_flags & RD_SEGMENT_F_RDONLY)))
+                        RD_BUG("rd_buf_erase() called on read-only segment");
+
+                if (likely(segremains > 0))
+                        memmove(seg->seg_p + rof, seg->seg_p + rof + toerase,
+                                segremains);
+
+                seg->seg_of -= toerase;
+                seg->seg_erased += toerase;
+                rbuf->rbuf_len -= toerase;
+
+                of += toerase;
+
+                /* If segment is now empty, remove it */
+                if (seg->seg_of == 0) {
+                        rbuf->rbuf_erased -= seg->seg_erased;
+                        rd_buf_destroy_segment(rbuf, seg);
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Update absolute offset of remaining segments */
+        for (seg = next; seg; seg = TAILQ_NEXT(seg, seg_link)) {
+                rd_assert(seg->seg_absof >= of);
+                seg->seg_absof -= of;
+        }
+
+        rbuf->rbuf_erased += of;
+
+        return of;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Do a write-seek, updating the write position to the given
+ *        absolute \p absof.
+ *
+ * @warning Any sub-sequent segments will be destroyed.
+ *
+ * @returns -1 if the offset is out of bounds, else 0.
+ */
+int rd_buf_write_seek(rd_buf_t *rbuf, size_t absof) {
+        rd_segment_t *seg, *next;
+        size_t relof;
+
+        seg = rd_buf_get_segment_at_offset(rbuf, rbuf->rbuf_wpos, absof);
+        if (unlikely(!seg))
+                return -1;
+
+        relof = absof - seg->seg_absof;
+        if (unlikely(relof > seg->seg_of))
+                return -1;
+
+        /* Destroy sub-sequent segments in reverse order so that
+         * destroy_segment() length checks are correct.
+         * Will decrement rbuf_len et.al. */
+        for (next = TAILQ_LAST(&rbuf->rbuf_segments, rd_segment_head);
+             next != seg;) {
+                rd_segment_t *this = next;
+                next = TAILQ_PREV(this, rd_segment_head, seg_link);
+                rbuf->rbuf_erased -= this->seg_erased;
+                rd_buf_destroy_segment(rbuf, this);
+        }
+
+        /* Update relative write offset */
+        seg->seg_of     = relof;
+        rbuf->rbuf_wpos = seg;
+        rbuf->rbuf_len  = seg->seg_absof + seg->seg_of;
+
+        rd_assert(rbuf->rbuf_len == absof);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Set up the iovecs in \p iovs (of size \p iov_max) with the writable
+ *        segments from the buffer's current write position.
+ *
+ * @param iovcntp will be set to the number of populated \p iovs[]
+ * @param size_max limits the total number of bytes made available.
+ *                 Note: this value may be overshot with the size of one
+ *                       segment.
+ *
+ * @returns the total number of bytes in the represented segments.
+ *
+ * @remark the write position will NOT be updated.
+ */
+size_t rd_buf_get_write_iov(const rd_buf_t *rbuf,
+                            struct iovec *iovs,
+                            size_t *iovcntp,
+                            size_t iov_max,
+                            size_t size_max) {
+        const rd_segment_t *seg;
+        size_t iovcnt = 0;
+        size_t sum    = 0;
+
+        for (seg = rbuf->rbuf_wpos; seg && iovcnt < iov_max && sum < size_max;
+             seg = TAILQ_NEXT(seg, seg_link)) {
+                size_t len;
+                void *p;
+
+                len = rd_segment_write_remains(seg, &p);
+                if (unlikely(len == 0))
+                        continue;
+
+                iovs[iovcnt].iov_base  = p;
+                iovs[iovcnt++].iov_len = len;
+
+                sum += len;
+        }
+
+        *iovcntp = iovcnt;
+
+        return sum;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @name Slice reader interface
+ *
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize a new slice of \p size bytes starting at \p seg with
+ *        relative offset \p rof.
+ *
+ * @returns 0 on success or -1 if there is not at least \p size bytes available
+ *          in the buffer.
+ */
+int rd_slice_init_seg(rd_slice_t *slice,
+                      const rd_buf_t *rbuf,
+                      const rd_segment_t *seg,
+                      size_t rof,
+                      size_t size) {
+        /* Verify that \p size bytes are indeed available in the buffer. */
+        if (unlikely(rbuf->rbuf_len < (seg->seg_absof + rof + size)))
+                return -1;
+
+        slice->buf   = rbuf;
+        slice->seg   = seg;
+        slice->rof   = rof;
+        slice->start = seg->seg_absof + rof;
+        slice->end   = slice->start + size;
+
+        rd_assert(seg->seg_absof + rof >= slice->start &&
+                  seg->seg_absof + rof <= slice->end);
+
+        rd_assert(slice->end <= rd_buf_len(rbuf));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize new slice of \p size bytes starting at offset \p absof
+ *
+ * @returns 0 on success or -1 if there is not at least \p size bytes available
+ *          in the buffer.
+ */
+int rd_slice_init(rd_slice_t *slice,
+                  const rd_buf_t *rbuf,
+                  size_t absof,
+                  size_t size) {
+        const rd_segment_t *seg =
+            rd_buf_get_segment_at_offset(rbuf, NULL, absof);
+        if (unlikely(!seg))
+                return -1;
+
+        return rd_slice_init_seg(slice, rbuf, seg, absof - seg->seg_absof,
+                                 size);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize new slice covering the full buffer \p rbuf
+ */
+void rd_slice_init_full(rd_slice_t *slice, const rd_buf_t *rbuf) {
+        int r = rd_slice_init(slice, rbuf, 0, rd_buf_len(rbuf));
+        rd_assert(r == 0);
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @sa rd_slice_reader() rd_slice_peeker()
+ */
+size_t rd_slice_reader0(rd_slice_t *slice, const void **p, int update_pos) {
+        size_t rof = slice->rof;
+        size_t rlen;
+        const rd_segment_t *seg;
+
+        /* Find segment with non-zero payload */
+        for (seg = slice->seg;
+             seg && seg->seg_absof + rof < slice->end && seg->seg_of == rof;
+             seg = TAILQ_NEXT(seg, seg_link))
+                rof = 0;
+
+        if (unlikely(!seg || seg->seg_absof + rof >= slice->end))
+                return 0;
+
+        *p   = (const void *)(seg->seg_p + rof);
+        rlen = RD_MIN(seg->seg_of - rof, rd_slice_remains(slice));
+
+        if (update_pos) {
+                if (slice->seg != seg) {
+                        rd_assert(seg->seg_absof + rof >= slice->start &&
+                                  seg->seg_absof + rof + rlen <= slice->end);
+                        slice->seg = seg;
+                        slice->rof = rlen;
+                } else {
+                        slice->rof += rlen;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return rlen;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Convenience reader iterator interface.
+ *
+ *        Call repeatedly from while loop until it returns 0.
+ *
+ * @param slice slice to read from, position will be updated.
+ * @param p will be set to the start of \p *rlenp contiguous bytes of memory
+ * @param rlenp will be set to the number of bytes available in \p p
+ *
+ * @returns the number of bytes read, or 0 if slice is empty.
+ */
+size_t rd_slice_reader(rd_slice_t *slice, const void **p) {
+        return rd_slice_reader0(slice, p, 1 /*update_pos*/);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Identical to rd_slice_reader() but does NOT update the read position
+ */
+size_t rd_slice_peeker(const rd_slice_t *slice, const void **p) {
+        return rd_slice_reader0((rd_slice_t *)slice, p, 0 /*dont update_pos*/);
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read \p size bytes from current read position,
+ *        advancing the read offset by the number of bytes copied to \p dst.
+ *
+ *        If there are less than \p size remaining in the buffer
+ *        then 0 is returned and no bytes are copied.
+ *
+ * @returns \p size, or 0 if \p size bytes are not available in buffer.
+ *
+ * @remark This performs a complete read, no partitial reads.
+ *
+ * @remark If \p dst is NULL only the read position is updated.
+ */
+size_t rd_slice_read(rd_slice_t *slice, void *dst, size_t size) {
+        size_t remains = size;
+        char *d        = (char *)dst; /* Possibly NULL */
+        size_t rlen;
+        const void *p;
+        size_t orig_end = slice->end;
+
+        if (unlikely(rd_slice_remains(slice) < size))
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Temporarily shrink slice to offset + \p size */
+        slice->end = rd_slice_abs_offset(slice) + size;
+
+        while ((rlen = rd_slice_reader(slice, &p))) {
+                rd_dassert(remains >= rlen);
+                if (dst) {
+                        memcpy(d, p, rlen);
+                        d += rlen;
+                }
+                remains -= rlen;
+        }
+
+        rd_dassert(remains == 0);
+
+        /* Restore original size */
+        slice->end = orig_end;
+
+        return size;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read \p size bytes from absolute slice offset \p offset
+ *        and store in \p dst, without updating the slice read position.
+ *
+ * @returns \p size if the offset and size was within the slice, else 0.
+ */
+size_t
+rd_slice_peek(const rd_slice_t *slice, size_t offset, void *dst, size_t size) {
+        rd_slice_t sub = *slice;
+
+        if (unlikely(rd_slice_seek(&sub, offset) == -1))
+                return 0;
+
+        return rd_slice_read(&sub, dst, size);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read a varint-encoded unsigned integer from \p slice,
+ *        storing the decoded number in \p nump on success (return value > 0).
+ *
+ * @returns the number of bytes read on success or 0 in case of
+ *          buffer underflow.
+ */
+size_t rd_slice_read_uvarint(rd_slice_t *slice, uint64_t *nump) {
+        uint64_t num = 0;
+        int shift    = 0;
+        size_t rof   = slice->rof;
+        const rd_segment_t *seg;
+
+        /* Traverse segments, byte for byte, until varint is decoded
+         * or no more segments available (underflow). */
+        for (seg = slice->seg; seg; seg = TAILQ_NEXT(seg, seg_link)) {
+                for (; rof < seg->seg_of; rof++) {
+                        unsigned char oct;
+
+                        if (unlikely(seg->seg_absof + rof >= slice->end))
+                                return 0; /* Underflow */
+
+                        oct = *(const unsigned char *)(seg->seg_p + rof);
+
+                        num |= (uint64_t)(oct & 0x7f) << shift;
+                        shift += 7;
+
+                        if (!(oct & 0x80)) {
+                                /* Done: no more bytes expected */
+                                *nump = num;
+
+                                /* Update slice's read pointer and offset */
+                                if (slice->seg != seg)
+                                        slice->seg = seg;
+                                slice->rof = rof + 1; /* including the +1 byte
+                                                       * that was just read */
+
+                                return shift / 7;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                rof = 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0; /* Underflow */
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @returns a pointer to \p size contiguous bytes at the current read offset.
+ *          If there isn't \p size contiguous bytes available NULL will
+ *          be returned.
+ *
+ * @remark The read position is updated to point past \p size.
+ */
+const void *rd_slice_ensure_contig(rd_slice_t *slice, size_t size) {
+        void *p;
+
+        if (unlikely(rd_slice_remains(slice) < size ||
+                     slice->rof + size > slice->seg->seg_of))
+                return NULL;
+
+        p = slice->seg->seg_p + slice->rof;
+
+        rd_slice_read(slice, NULL, size);
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Sets the slice's read position. The offset is the slice offset,
+ *        not buffer offset.
+ *
+ * @returns 0 if offset was within range, else -1 in which case the position
+ *          is not changed.
+ */
+int rd_slice_seek(rd_slice_t *slice, size_t offset) {
+        const rd_segment_t *seg;
+        size_t absof = slice->start + offset;
+
+        if (unlikely(absof >= slice->end))
+                return -1;
+
+        seg = rd_buf_get_segment_at_offset(slice->buf, slice->seg, absof);
+        rd_assert(seg);
+
+        slice->seg = seg;
+        slice->rof = absof - seg->seg_absof;
+        rd_assert(seg->seg_absof + slice->rof >= slice->start &&
+                  seg->seg_absof + slice->rof <= slice->end);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Narrow the current slice to \p size, saving
+ *        the original slice state info \p save_slice.
+ *
+ *        Use rd_slice_widen() to restore the saved slice
+ *        with the read count updated from the narrowed slice.
+ *
+ *        This is useful for reading a sub-slice of a larger slice
+ *        without having to pass the lesser length around.
+ *
+ * @returns 1 if enough underlying slice buffer memory is available, else 0.
+ */
+int rd_slice_narrow(rd_slice_t *slice, rd_slice_t *save_slice, size_t size) {
+        if (unlikely(slice->start + size > slice->end))
+                return 0;
+        *save_slice = *slice;
+        slice->end  = slice->start + size;
+        rd_assert(rd_slice_abs_offset(slice) <= slice->end);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Same as rd_slice_narrow() but using a relative size \p relsize
+ *        from the current read position.
+ */
+int rd_slice_narrow_relative(rd_slice_t *slice,
+                             rd_slice_t *save_slice,
+                             size_t relsize) {
+        return rd_slice_narrow(slice, save_slice,
+                               rd_slice_offset(slice) + relsize);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Restore the original \p save_slice size from a previous call to
+ *        rd_slice_narrow(), while keeping the updated read pointer from
+ *        \p slice.
+ */
+void rd_slice_widen(rd_slice_t *slice, const rd_slice_t *save_slice) {
+        slice->end = save_slice->end;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Copy the original slice \p orig to \p new_slice and adjust
+ *        the new slice length to \p size.
+ *
+ *        This is a side-effect free form of rd_slice_narrow() which is not to
+ *        be used with rd_slice_widen().
+ *
+ * @returns 1 if enough underlying slice buffer memory is available, else 0.
+ */
+int rd_slice_narrow_copy(const rd_slice_t *orig,
+                         rd_slice_t *new_slice,
+                         size_t size) {
+        if (unlikely(orig->start + size > orig->end))
+                return 0;
+        *new_slice     = *orig;
+        new_slice->end = orig->start + size;
+        rd_assert(rd_slice_abs_offset(new_slice) <= new_slice->end);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Same as rd_slice_narrow_copy() but with a relative size from
+ *        the current read position.
+ */
+int rd_slice_narrow_copy_relative(const rd_slice_t *orig,
+                                  rd_slice_t *new_slice,
+                                  size_t relsize) {
+        return rd_slice_narrow_copy(orig, new_slice,
+                                    rd_slice_offset(orig) + relsize);
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Set up the iovec \p iovs (of size \p iov_max) with the readable
+ *        segments from the slice's current read position.
+ *
+ * @param iovcntp will be set to the number of populated \p iovs[]
+ * @param size_max limits the total number of bytes made available.
+ *                 Note: this value may be overshot with the size of one
+ *                       segment.
+ *
+ * @returns the total number of bytes in the represented segments.
+ *
+ * @remark will NOT update the read position.
+ */
+size_t rd_slice_get_iov(const rd_slice_t *slice,
+                        struct iovec *iovs,
+                        size_t *iovcntp,
+                        size_t iov_max,
+                        size_t size_max) {
+        const void *p;
+        size_t rlen;
+        size_t iovcnt   = 0;
+        size_t sum      = 0;
+        rd_slice_t copy = *slice; /* Use a copy of the slice so we dont
+                                   * update the position for the caller. */
+
+        while (sum < size_max && iovcnt < iov_max &&
+               (rlen = rd_slice_reader(&copy, &p))) {
+                iovs[iovcnt].iov_base  = (void *)p;
+                iovs[iovcnt++].iov_len = rlen;
+
+                sum += rlen;
+        }
+
+        *iovcntp = iovcnt;
+
+        return sum;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief CRC32 calculation of slice.
+ *
+ * @returns the calculated CRC
+ *
+ * @remark the slice's position is updated.
+ */
+uint32_t rd_slice_crc32(rd_slice_t *slice) {
+        rd_crc32_t crc;
+        const void *p;
+        size_t rlen;
+
+        crc = rd_crc32_init();
+
+        while ((rlen = rd_slice_reader(slice, &p)))
+                crc = rd_crc32_update(crc, p, rlen);
+
+        return (uint32_t)rd_crc32_finalize(crc);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compute CRC-32C of segments starting at at buffer position \p absof,
+ *        also supporting the case where the position/offset is not at the
+ *        start of the first segment.
+ *
+ * @remark the slice's position is updated.
+ */
+uint32_t rd_slice_crc32c(rd_slice_t *slice) {
+        const void *p;
+        size_t rlen;
+        uint32_t crc = 0;
+
+        while ((rlen = rd_slice_reader(slice, &p)))
+                crc = rd_crc32c(crc, (const char *)p, rlen);
+
+        return crc;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @name Debugging dumpers
+ *
+ *
+ */
+
+static void rd_segment_dump(const rd_segment_t *seg,
+                            const char *ind,
+                            size_t relof,
+                            int do_hexdump) {
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "%s((rd_segment_t *)%p): "
+                "p %p, of %" PRIusz
+                ", "
+                "absof %" PRIusz ", size %" PRIusz ", free %p, flags 0x%x\n",
+                ind, seg, seg->seg_p, seg->seg_of, seg->seg_absof,
+                seg->seg_size, seg->seg_free, seg->seg_flags);
+        rd_assert(relof <= seg->seg_of);
+        if (do_hexdump)
+                rd_hexdump(stderr, "segment", seg->seg_p + relof,
+                           seg->seg_of - relof);
+}
+
+void rd_buf_dump(const rd_buf_t *rbuf, int do_hexdump) {
+        const rd_segment_t *seg;
+
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "((rd_buf_t *)%p):\n"
+                " len %" PRIusz " size %" PRIusz ", %" PRIusz "/%" PRIusz
+                " extra memory used\n",
+                rbuf, rbuf->rbuf_len, rbuf->rbuf_size, rbuf->rbuf_extra_len,
+                rbuf->rbuf_extra_size);
+
+        if (rbuf->rbuf_wpos) {
+                fprintf(stderr, " wpos:\n");
+                rd_segment_dump(rbuf->rbuf_wpos, "  ", 0, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (rbuf->rbuf_segment_cnt > 0) {
+                size_t segcnt = 0;
+
+                fprintf(stderr, " %" PRIusz " linked segments:\n",
+                        rbuf->rbuf_segment_cnt);
+                TAILQ_FOREACH(seg, &rbuf->rbuf_segments, seg_link) {
+                        rd_segment_dump(seg, "  ", 0, do_hexdump);
+                        segcnt++;
+                        rd_assert(segcnt <= rbuf->rbuf_segment_cnt);
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+void rd_slice_dump(const rd_slice_t *slice, int do_hexdump) {
+        const rd_segment_t *seg;
+        size_t relof;
+
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "((rd_slice_t *)%p):\n"
+                "  buf %p (len %" PRIusz "), seg %p (absof %" PRIusz
+                "), "
+                "rof %" PRIusz ", start %" PRIusz ", end %" PRIusz
+                ", size %" PRIusz ", offset %" PRIusz "\n",
+                slice, slice->buf, rd_buf_len(slice->buf), slice->seg,
+                slice->seg ? slice->seg->seg_absof : 0, slice->rof,
+                slice->start, slice->end, rd_slice_size(slice),
+                rd_slice_offset(slice));
+        relof = slice->rof;
+
+        for (seg = slice->seg; seg; seg = TAILQ_NEXT(seg, seg_link)) {
+                rd_segment_dump(seg, "  ", relof, do_hexdump);
+                relof = 0;
+        }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @name Unit-tests
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Basic write+read test
+ */
+static int do_unittest_write_read(void) {
+        rd_buf_t b;
+        char ones[1024];
+        char twos[1024];
+        char threes[1024];
+        char fiftyfives[100]; /* 0x55 indicates "untouched" memory */
+        char buf[1024 * 3];
+        rd_slice_t slice;
+        size_t r, pos;
+
+        memset(ones, 0x1, sizeof(ones));
+        memset(twos, 0x2, sizeof(twos));
+        memset(threes, 0x3, sizeof(threes));
+        memset(fiftyfives, 0x55, sizeof(fiftyfives));
+        memset(buf, 0x55, sizeof(buf));
+
+        rd_buf_init(&b, 2, 1000);
+
+        /*
+         * Verify write
+         */
+        r = rd_buf_write(&b, ones, 200);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 0, "write() returned position %" PRIusz, r);
+        pos = rd_buf_write_pos(&b);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 200, "pos() returned position %" PRIusz, pos);
+
+        r = rd_buf_write(&b, twos, 800);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 200, "write() returned position %" PRIusz, r);
+        pos = rd_buf_write_pos(&b);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 200 + 800, "pos() returned position %" PRIusz, pos);
+
+        /* Buffer grows here */
+        r = rd_buf_write(&b, threes, 1);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 200 + 800, "write() returned position %" PRIusz, r);
+        pos = rd_buf_write_pos(&b);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 200 + 800 + 1, "pos() returned position %" PRIusz,
+                     pos);
+
+        /*
+         * Verify read
+         */
+        /* Get full slice. */
+        rd_slice_init_full(&slice, &b);
+
+        r = rd_slice_read(&slice, buf, 200 + 800 + 2);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 0,
+                     "read() > remaining should have failed, gave %" PRIusz, r);
+        r = rd_slice_read(&slice, buf, 200 + 800 + 1);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 200 + 800 + 1,
+                     "read() returned %" PRIusz " (%" PRIusz " remains)", r,
+                     rd_slice_remains(&slice));
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!memcmp(buf, ones, 200), "verify ones");
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!memcmp(buf + 200, twos, 800), "verify twos");
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!memcmp(buf + 200 + 800, threes, 1), "verify threes");
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!memcmp(buf + 200 + 800 + 1, fiftyfives, 100),
+                     "verify 55s");
+
+        rd_buf_destroy(&b);
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper read verifier, not a unit-test itself.
+ */
+#define do_unittest_read_verify(b, absof, len, verify)                         \
+        do {                                                                   \
+                int __fail = do_unittest_read_verify0(b, absof, len, verify);  \
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(!__fail,                                          \
+                             "read_verify(absof=%" PRIusz ",len=%" PRIusz      \
+                             ") "                                              \
+                             "failed",                                         \
+                             (size_t)absof, (size_t)len);                      \
+        } while (0)
+
+static int do_unittest_read_verify0(const rd_buf_t *b,
+                                    size_t absof,
+                                    size_t len,
+                                    const char *verify) {
+        rd_slice_t slice, sub;
+        char buf[1024];
+        size_t half;
+        size_t r;
+        int i;
+
+        rd_assert(sizeof(buf) >= len);
+
+        /* Get reader slice */
+        i = rd_slice_init(&slice, b, absof, len);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(i == 0, "slice_init() failed: %d", i);
+
+        r = rd_slice_read(&slice, buf, len);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == len,
+                     "read() returned %" PRIusz " expected %" PRIusz
+                     " (%" PRIusz " remains)",
+                     r, len, rd_slice_remains(&slice));
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!memcmp(buf, verify, len), "verify");
+
+        r = rd_slice_offset(&slice);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == len, "offset() returned %" PRIusz ", not %" PRIusz, r,
+                     len);
+
+        half = len / 2;
+        i    = rd_slice_seek(&slice, half);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(i == 0, "seek(%" PRIusz ") returned %d", half, i);
+        r = rd_slice_offset(&slice);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == half, "offset() returned %" PRIusz ", not %" PRIusz,
+                     r, half);
+
+        /* Get a sub-slice covering the later half. */
+        sub = rd_slice_pos(&slice);
+        r   = rd_slice_offset(&sub);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 0, "sub: offset() returned %" PRIusz ", not %" PRIusz,
+                     r, (size_t)0);
+        r = rd_slice_size(&sub);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == half,
+                     "sub: size() returned %" PRIusz ", not %" PRIusz, r, half);
+        r = rd_slice_remains(&sub);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == half,
+                     "sub: remains() returned %" PRIusz ", not %" PRIusz, r,
+                     half);
+
+        /* Read half */
+        r = rd_slice_read(&sub, buf, half);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == half,
+                     "sub read() returned %" PRIusz " expected %" PRIusz
+                     " (%" PRIusz " remains)",
+                     r, len, rd_slice_remains(&sub));
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!memcmp(buf, verify, len), "verify");
+
+        r = rd_slice_offset(&sub);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == rd_slice_size(&sub),
+                     "sub offset() returned %" PRIusz ", not %" PRIusz, r,
+                     rd_slice_size(&sub));
+        r = rd_slice_remains(&sub);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 0,
+                     "sub: remains() returned %" PRIusz ", not %" PRIusz, r,
+                     (size_t)0);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief write_seek() and split() test
+ */
+static int do_unittest_write_split_seek(void) {
+        rd_buf_t b;
+        char ones[1024];
+        char twos[1024];
+        char threes[1024];
+        char fiftyfives[100]; /* 0x55 indicates "untouched" memory */
+        char buf[1024 * 3];
+        size_t r, pos;
+        rd_segment_t *seg, *newseg;
+
+        memset(ones, 0x1, sizeof(ones));
+        memset(twos, 0x2, sizeof(twos));
+        memset(threes, 0x3, sizeof(threes));
+        memset(fiftyfives, 0x55, sizeof(fiftyfives));
+        memset(buf, 0x55, sizeof(buf));
+
+        rd_buf_init(&b, 0, 0);
+
+        /*
+         * Verify write
+         */
+        r = rd_buf_write(&b, ones, 400);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 0, "write() returned position %" PRIusz, r);
+        pos = rd_buf_write_pos(&b);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 400, "pos() returned position %" PRIusz, pos);
+
+        do_unittest_read_verify(&b, 0, 400, ones);
+
+        /*
+         * Seek and re-write
+         */
+        r = rd_buf_write_seek(&b, 200);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 0, "seek() failed");
+        pos = rd_buf_write_pos(&b);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 200, "pos() returned position %" PRIusz, pos);
+
+        r = rd_buf_write(&b, twos, 100);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 200, "write() returned position %" PRIusz, r);
+        pos = rd_buf_write_pos(&b);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 200 + 100, "pos() returned position %" PRIusz, pos);
+
+        do_unittest_read_verify(&b, 0, 200, ones);
+        do_unittest_read_verify(&b, 200, 100, twos);
+
+        /* Make sure read() did not modify the write position. */
+        pos = rd_buf_write_pos(&b);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 200 + 100, "pos() returned position %" PRIusz, pos);
+
+        /* Split buffer, write position is now at split where writes
+         * are not allowed (mid buffer). */
+        seg = rd_buf_get_segment_at_offset(&b, NULL, 50);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(seg->seg_of != 0, "assumed mid-segment");
+        newseg = rd_segment_split(&b, seg, 50);
+        rd_buf_append_segment(&b, newseg);
+        seg = rd_buf_get_segment_at_offset(&b, NULL, 50);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(seg != NULL, "seg");
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(seg == newseg, "newseg %p, seg %p", newseg, seg);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(seg->seg_of > 0,
+                     "assumed beginning of segment, got %" PRIusz, seg->seg_of);
+
+        pos = rd_buf_write_pos(&b);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(pos == 200 + 100, "pos() returned position %" PRIusz, pos);
+
+        /* Re-verify that nothing changed */
+        do_unittest_read_verify(&b, 0, 200, ones);
+        do_unittest_read_verify(&b, 200, 100, twos);
+
+        /* Do a write seek at buffer boundary, sub-sequent buffers should
+         * be destroyed. */
+        r = rd_buf_write_seek(&b, 50);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 0, "seek() failed");
+        do_unittest_read_verify(&b, 0, 50, ones);
+
+        rd_buf_destroy(&b);
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Unittest to verify payload is correctly written and read.
+ *        Each written u32 word is the running CRC of the word count.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_write_read_payload_correctness(void) {
+        uint32_t crc;
+        uint32_t write_crc, read_crc;
+        const int seed = 12345;
+        rd_buf_t b;
+        const size_t max_cnt = 20000;
+        rd_slice_t slice;
+        size_t r;
+        size_t i;
+        int pass;
+
+        crc = rd_crc32_init();
+        crc = rd_crc32_update(crc, (void *)&seed, sizeof(seed));
+
+        rd_buf_init(&b, 0, 0);
+        for (i = 0; i < max_cnt; i++) {
+                crc = rd_crc32_update(crc, (void *)&i, sizeof(i));
+                rd_buf_write(&b, &crc, sizeof(crc));
+        }
+
+        write_crc = rd_crc32_finalize(crc);
+
+        r = rd_buf_len(&b);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == max_cnt * sizeof(crc),
+                     "expected length %" PRIusz ", not %" PRIusz, r,
+                     max_cnt * sizeof(crc));
+
+        /*
+         * Now verify the contents with a reader.
+         */
+        rd_slice_init_full(&slice, &b);
+
+        r = rd_slice_remains(&slice);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == rd_buf_len(&b),
+                     "slice remains %" PRIusz ", should be %" PRIusz, r,
+                     rd_buf_len(&b));
+
+        for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+                /* Two passes:
+                 *  - pass 1: using peek()
+                 *  - pass 2: using read()
+                 */
+                const char *pass_str = pass == 0 ? "peek" : "read";
+
+                crc = rd_crc32_init();
+                crc = rd_crc32_update(crc, (void *)&seed, sizeof(seed));
+
+                for (i = 0; i < max_cnt; i++) {
+                        uint32_t buf_crc;
+
+                        crc = rd_crc32_update(crc, (void *)&i, sizeof(i));
+
+                        if (pass == 0)
+                                r = rd_slice_peek(&slice, i * sizeof(buf_crc),
+                                                  &buf_crc, sizeof(buf_crc));
+                        else
+                                r = rd_slice_read(&slice, &buf_crc,
+                                                  sizeof(buf_crc));
+                        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == sizeof(buf_crc),
+                                     "%s() at #%" PRIusz
+                                     " failed: "
+                                     "r is %" PRIusz " not %" PRIusz,
+                                     pass_str, i, r, sizeof(buf_crc));
+                        RD_UT_ASSERT(buf_crc == crc,
+                                     "%s: invalid crc at #%" PRIusz
+                                     ": expected %" PRIu32 ", read %" PRIu32,
+                                     pass_str, i, crc, buf_crc);
+                }
+
+                read_crc = rd_crc32_finalize(crc);
+
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(read_crc == write_crc,
+                             "%s: finalized read crc %" PRIu32
+                             " != write crc %" PRIu32,
+                             pass_str, read_crc, write_crc);
+        }
+
+        r = rd_slice_remains(&slice);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == 0, "slice remains %" PRIusz ", should be %" PRIusz, r,
+                     (size_t)0);
+
+        rd_buf_destroy(&b);
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+#define do_unittest_iov_verify(...)                                            \
+        do {                                                                   \
+                int __fail = do_unittest_iov_verify0(__VA_ARGS__);             \
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(!__fail, "iov_verify() failed");                  \
+        } while (0)
+static int
+do_unittest_iov_verify0(rd_buf_t *b, size_t exp_iovcnt, size_t exp_totsize) {
+#define MY_IOV_MAX 16
+        struct iovec iov[MY_IOV_MAX];
+        size_t iovcnt;
+        size_t i;
+        size_t totsize, sum;
+
+        rd_assert(exp_iovcnt <= MY_IOV_MAX);
+
+        totsize =
+            rd_buf_get_write_iov(b, iov, &iovcnt, MY_IOV_MAX, exp_totsize);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(totsize >= exp_totsize,
+                     "iov total size %" PRIusz " expected >= %" PRIusz, totsize,
+                     exp_totsize);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(iovcnt >= exp_iovcnt && iovcnt <= MY_IOV_MAX,
+                     "iovcnt %" PRIusz ", expected %" PRIusz
+                     " < x <= MY_IOV_MAX",
+                     iovcnt, exp_iovcnt);
+
+        sum = 0;
+        for (i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(iov[i].iov_base,
+                             "iov #%" PRIusz " iov_base not set", i);
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(iov[i].iov_len,
+                             "iov #%" PRIusz " iov_len %" PRIusz
+                             " out of range",
+                             i, iov[i].iov_len);
+                sum += iov[i].iov_len;
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(sum <= totsize,
+                             "sum %" PRIusz " > totsize %" PRIusz, sum,
+                             totsize);
+        }
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(sum == totsize, "sum %" PRIusz " != totsize %" PRIusz, sum,
+                     totsize);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Verify that buffer to iovec conversion works.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_write_iov(void) {
+        rd_buf_t b;
+
+        rd_buf_init(&b, 0, 0);
+        rd_buf_write_ensure(&b, 100, 100);
+
+        do_unittest_iov_verify(&b, 1, 100);
+
+        /* Add a secondary buffer */
+        rd_buf_write_ensure(&b, 30000, 0);
+
+        do_unittest_iov_verify(&b, 2, 100 + 30000);
+
+
+        rd_buf_destroy(&b);
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Verify that erasing parts of the buffer works.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_erase(void) {
+        static const struct {
+                const char *segs[4];
+                const char *writes[4];
+                struct {
+                        size_t of;
+                        size_t size;
+                        size_t retsize;
+                } erasures[4];
+
+                const char *expect;
+        } in[] = {/* 12|3|45
+                   *  x x xx */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"12", "3", "45"},
+                      .erasures = {{1, 4, 4}},
+                      .expect   = "1",
+                  },
+                  /* 12|3|45
+                   * xx */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"12", "3", "45"},
+                      .erasures = {{0, 2, 2}},
+                      .expect   = "345",
+                  },
+                  /* 12|3|45
+                   *      xx */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"12", "3", "45"},
+                      .erasures = {{3, 2, 2}},
+                      .expect   = "123",
+                  },
+                  /* 12|3|45
+                   *  x
+                   * 1 |3|45
+                   *    x
+                   * 1 |  45
+                   *       x */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"12", "3", "45"},
+                      .erasures = {{1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {2, 1, 1}},
+                      .expect   = "14",
+                  },
+                  /* 12|3|45
+                   * xxxxxxx */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"12", "3", "45"},
+                      .erasures = {{0, 5, 5}},
+                      .expect   = "",
+                  },
+                  /* 12|3|45
+                   * x       */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"12", "3", "45"},
+                      .erasures = {{0, 1, 1}},
+                      .expect   = "2345",
+                  },
+                  /* 12|3|45
+                   *       x  */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"12", "3", "45"},
+                      .erasures = {{4, 1, 1}},
+                      .expect   = "1234",
+                  },
+                  /* 12|3|45
+                   *        x  */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"12", "3", "45"},
+                      .erasures = {{5, 10, 0}},
+                      .expect   = "12345",
+                  },
+                  /* 12|3|45
+                   *       xxx */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"12", "3", "45"},
+                      .erasures = {{4, 3, 1}, {4, 3, 0}, {4, 3, 0}},
+                      .expect   = "1234",
+                  },
+                  /* 1
+                   * xxx */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"1"},
+                      .erasures = {{0, 3, 1}},
+                      .expect   = "",
+                  },
+                  /* 123456
+                   * xxxxxx */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"123456"},
+                      .erasures = {{0, 6, 6}},
+                      .expect   = "",
+                  },
+                  /* 123456789a
+                   *     xxx    */
+                  {
+                      .segs     = {"123456789a"},
+                      .erasures = {{4, 3, 3}},
+                      .expect   = "123489a",
+                  },
+                  /* 1234|5678
+                   *    x xx   */
+                  {.segs     = {"1234", "5678"},
+                   .erasures = {{3, 3, 3}},
+                   .writes   = {"9abc"},
+                   .expect   = "123789abc"},
+
+                  {.expect = NULL}};
+        int i;
+
+        for (i = 0; in[i].expect; i++) {
+                rd_buf_t b;
+                rd_slice_t s;
+                size_t expsz = strlen(in[i].expect);
+                char *out;
+                int j;
+                size_t r;
+                int r2;
+
+                rd_buf_init(&b, 0, 0);
+
+                /* Write segments to buffer */
+                for (j = 0; in[i].segs[j]; j++)
+                        rd_buf_push_writable(&b, rd_strdup(in[i].segs[j]),
+                                             strlen(in[i].segs[j]), rd_free);
+
+                /* Perform erasures */
+                for (j = 0; in[i].erasures[j].retsize; j++) {
+                        r = rd_buf_erase(&b, in[i].erasures[j].of,
+                                         in[i].erasures[j].size);
+                        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == in[i].erasures[j].retsize,
+                                     "expected retsize %" PRIusz
+                                     " for i=%d,j=%d"
+                                     ", not %" PRIusz,
+                                     in[i].erasures[j].retsize, i, j, r);
+                }
+
+                /* Perform writes */
+                for (j = 0; in[i].writes[j]; j++)
+                        rd_buf_write(&b, in[i].writes[j],
+                                     strlen(in[i].writes[j]));
+
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(expsz == rd_buf_len(&b),
+                             "expected buffer to be %" PRIusz
+                             " bytes, not "
+                             "%" PRIusz " for i=%d",
+                             expsz, rd_buf_len(&b), i);
+
+                /* Read back and verify */
+                r2 = rd_slice_init(&s, &b, 0, rd_buf_len(&b));
+                RD_UT_ASSERT((r2 == -1 && rd_buf_len(&b) == 0) ||
+                                 (r2 == 0 && rd_buf_len(&b) > 0),
+                             "slice_init(%" PRIusz ") returned %d for i=%d",
+                             rd_buf_len(&b), r2, i);
+                if (r2 == -1)
+                        continue; /* Empty buffer */
+
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(expsz == rd_slice_size(&s),
+                             "expected slice to be %" PRIusz
+                             " bytes, not %" PRIusz " for i=%d",
+                             expsz, rd_slice_size(&s), i);
+
+                out = rd_malloc(expsz);
+
+                r = rd_slice_read(&s, out, expsz);
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(r == expsz,
+                             "expected to read %" PRIusz " bytes, not %" PRIusz
+                             " for i=%d",
+                             expsz, r, i);
+
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(!memcmp(out, in[i].expect, expsz),
+                             "Expected \"%.*s\", not \"%.*s\" for i=%d",
+                             (int)expsz, in[i].expect, (int)r, out, i);
+
+                rd_free(out);
+
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(rd_slice_remains(&s) == 0,
+                             "expected no remaining bytes in slice, but got "
+                             "%" PRIusz " for i=%d",
+                             rd_slice_remains(&s), i);
+
+                rd_buf_destroy(&b);
+        }
+
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+
+int unittest_rdbuf(void) {
+        int fails = 0;
+
+        fails += do_unittest_write_read();
+        fails += do_unittest_write_split_seek();
+        fails += do_unittest_write_read_payload_correctness();
+        fails += do_unittest_write_iov();
+        fails += do_unittest_erase();
+
+        return fails;
+}