@pkmn/engine 0.1.0-dev.deda8593 → 0.1.0-dev.e0a786f8

package/src/lib/common/rational.zig

@@ -6,11 +6,36 @@ const expect = std.testing.expect;
 const expectEqual = std.testing.expectEqual;
 const expectError = std.testing.expectError;
 
+const Int = if (@hasField(std.builtin.Type, "int")) .int else .Int;
+const Float = if (@hasField(std.builtin.Type, "float")) .float else .Float;
+const ComptimeInt =
+    if (@hasField(std.builtin.Type, "comptime_int")) .comptime_int else .ComptimeInt;
+const ComptimeFloat =
+    if (@hasField(std.builtin.Type, "comptime_float")) .comptime_float else .ComptimeFloat;
+
 /// Specialization of a rational number used by the engine to compute probabilties.
 /// For performance reasons the rational is only reduced lazily and thus `reduce` must be
-/// invoked explicitly before reading.
+/// invoked explicitly before reading. Note that this laziness means that this implementation
+/// sometimes overflows in places where an eager reduced implementation would not - to achieve
+/// the same behavior as an eager implementation simply call `reduce` after each operation.
 pub fn Rational(comptime T: type) type {
-    return extern struct {
+    // With floats we can't rely on an overflow bit to let us know when to reduce, so we
+    // instead start reducing when we get sufficiently close to the limit of the mantissa
+    // (in our domain we expect updates to involve numbers < 2**10, so we should be safe
+    // not reducing before we are 2**10 away from "overflowing" the mantissa)
+    const o = if (@typeInfo(T) == Float)
+        std.math.pow(T, 2, std.math.floatMantissaBits(T) - 10)
+    else
+        0;
+
+    const Err = switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        Int => error{Overflow},
+        Float => error{},
+        else => unreachable,
+    };
+
+    // Zig doesn't allow integers > u128 in an extern struct...
+    return if (@sizeOf(T) <= 16) extern struct {
         const Self = @This();
 
         /// Numerator. Must always be >= 1. Not guaranteed to be reduced in all cases.
@@ -18,21 +43,8 @@ pub fn Rational(comptime T: type) type {
         /// Denominator. Must always be >= 1. Not guaranteed to be reduced in all cases.
         q: T = 1,
 
-        // With floats we can't rely on an overflow bit to let us know when to reduce, so we instead
-        // start reducing when we get sufficiently close to the limit of the mantissa (in our domain
-        // we expect updates to involve numbers < 2**10, so we should be safe not reducing before we
-        // are 2**10 away from "overflowing" the mantissa)
-        const REDUCE = if (@typeInfo(T) == .Float)
-            std.math.pow(T, 2, std.math.floatMantissaBits(T) - 10)
-        else
-            0;
-
         /// Possible error returned by operations on the Rational.
-        pub const Error = switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
-            .Int => error{Overflow},
-            .Float => error{},
-            else => unreachable,
-        };
+        pub const Error = Err;
 
         /// Resets the rational back to 1.
         pub fn reset(r: *Self) void {
@@ -43,135 +55,69 @@ pub fn Rational(comptime T: type) type {
         /// Update the rational by multiplying its numerator by p and its denominator by q.
         /// Both p and q must be >= 1, and if computable at comptime must have no common factors.
         pub fn update(r: *Self, p: anytype, q: anytype) Error!void {
-            // std.debug.print("({d}/{d}) * ", .{ p, q }); // DEBUG
-            assert(p >= 1);
-            assert(q >= 1);
-
-            // If our parameters are not fully reduced they may prematurely
-            // cause overflow/loss of precision after the multiplication below
-            assert(switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(p, q))) {
-                .ComptimeInt, .ComptimeFloat => comptime gcd(p, q),
-                else => 1,
-            } == 1);
-
-            switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
-                .Int => {
-                    // Greedily attempt to multiply and if it fails, reduce and try again
-                    r.multiplication(p, q) catch |err| switch (err) {
-                        error.Overflow => {
-                            r.reduce();
-                            try r.multiplication(p, q);
-                        },
-                        else => unreachable,
-                    };
-                },
-                .Float => {
-                    // Reduce in situations where we're likely to start losing precision
-                    if (r.q > REDUCE or r.p > REDUCE) r.reduce();
-
-                    r.p *= switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(p))) {
-                        .Float, .ComptimeFloat => p,
-                        else => @floatFromInt(p),
-                    };
-                    r.q *= switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(q))) {
-                        .Float, .ComptimeFloat => q,
-                        else => @floatFromInt(q),
-                    };
-
-                    // We should always be dealing with whole numbers
-                    assert(std.math.modf(r.p).fpart == 0);
-                    assert(std.math.modf(r.q).fpart == 0);
-                },
-                else => unreachable,
-            }
+            return update_(T, o, r, p, q);
         }
 
         /// Add two rationals using the identity (a/b) + (c/d) = (ad+bc)/(bd).
-        pub fn add(r: *Self, s: *Self) Error!void {
-            switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
-                .Int => {
-                    if (r.q == s.q) {
-                        r.p = std.math.add(T, r.p, s.p) catch |err| switch (err) {
-                            error.Overflow => val: {
-                                r.reduce();
-                                s.reduce();
-                                break :val try std.math.add(T, r.p, s.p);
-                            },
-                            else => unreachable,
-                        };
-                    } else {
-                        r.addition(s.p, s.q) catch |err| switch (err) {
-                            error.Overflow => {
-                                r.reduce();
-                                s.reduce();
-                                try r.addition(s.p, s.q);
-                            },
-                            else => unreachable,
-                        };
-                    }
-                },
-                .Float => {
-                    if (r.q == s.q) {
-                        if (r.p > REDUCE) r.reduce();
-                        if (s.p > REDUCE) s.reduce();
-
-                        r.p += s.p;
-                    } else {
-                        // Always reduce to minimize loss of precision from the multiplications
-                        r.reduce();
-                        s.reduce();
+        pub fn add(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!void {
+            return add_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
 
-                        r.p = (r.p * s.q) + (r.q * s.p);
-                        r.q *= s.q;
-                    }
+        /// Multiplies two rationals.
+        pub fn mul(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!void {
+            return mul_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
 
-                    assert(std.math.modf(r.p).fpart == 0);
-                    assert(std.math.modf(r.q).fpart == 0);
-                },
-                else => unreachable,
-            }
+        /// Normalize the rational by reducing by the greatest common divisor.
+        pub fn reduce(r: *Self) void {
+            reduce_(r);
         }
 
-        /// Multiplies two rationals.
-        pub fn mul(r: *Self, s: *Self) Error!void {
-            switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
-                .Int => {
-                    r.multiplication(s.p, s.q) catch |err| switch (err) {
-                        error.Overflow => {
-                            r.reduce();
-                            s.reduce();
-                            try r.multiplication(s.p, s.q);
-                        },
-                        else => unreachable,
-                    };
-                },
-                .Float => {
-                    if (r.q > REDUCE or r.p > REDUCE) r.reduce();
-                    if (s.q > REDUCE or s.p > REDUCE) s.reduce();
+        pub fn format(
+            self: Self,
+            comptime fmt: []const u8,
+            opts: std.fmt.FormatOptions,
+            writer: anytype,
+        ) !void {
+            _ = .{ fmt, opts };
+            try writer.print("{d}/{d}", .{ self.p, self.q });
+        }
+    } else struct {
+        const Self = @This();
 
-                    r.p *= s.p;
-                    r.q *= s.q;
+        /// Numerator. Must always be >= 1. Not guaranteed to be reduced in all cases.
+        p: T = 1,
+        /// Denominator. Must always be >= 1. Not guaranteed to be reduced in all cases.
+        q: T = 1,
 
-                    assert(std.math.modf(r.p).fpart == 0);
-                    assert(std.math.modf(r.q).fpart == 0);
-                },
-                else => unreachable,
-            }
+        /// Possible error returned by operations on the Rational.
+        pub const Error = Err;
+
+        /// Resets the rational back to 1.
+        pub fn reset(r: *Self) void {
+            r.p = 1;
+            r.q = 1;
         }
 
-        /// Normalize the rational by reducing by the greatest common divisor.
-        pub fn reduce(r: *Self) void {
-            const d = gcd(r.p, r.q);
-            if (d == 1) return;
+        /// Update the rational by multiplying its numerator by p and its denominator by q.
+        /// Both p and q must be >= 1, and if computable at comptime must have no common factors.
+        pub fn update(r: *Self, p: anytype, q: anytype) Error!void {
+            return update_(T, o, r, p, q);
+        }
 
-            assert(@mod(r.p, d) == 0);
-            assert(@mod(r.q, d) == 0);
+        /// Add two rationals using the identity (a/b) + (c/d) = (ad+bc)/(bd).
+        pub fn add(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!void {
+            return add_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
 
-            r.p /= d;
-            r.q /= d;
+        /// Multiplies two rationals.
+        pub fn mul(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!void {
+            return mul_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
 
-            assert(r.p >= 1);
-            assert(r.q >= 1);
+        /// Normalize the rational by reducing by the greatest common divisor.
+        pub fn reduce(r: *Self) void {
+            reduce_(r);
         }
 
         pub fn format(
@@ -183,41 +129,221 @@ pub fn Rational(comptime T: type) type {
             _ = .{ fmt, opts };
             try writer.print("{d}/{d}", .{ self.p, self.q });
         }
+    };
+}
 
-        fn multiplication(r: *Self, p: anytype, q: anytype) !void {
-            r.p = try std.math.mul(T, r.p, p);
-            r.q = try std.math.mul(T, r.q, q);
-        }
+fn update_(comptime T: type, comptime o: comptime_int, r: anytype, p: anytype, q: anytype) !void {
+    // std.debug.print("({d}/{d}) * ", .{ p, q }); // DEBUG
+    assert(p >= 1);
+    assert(q >= 1);
 
-        fn addition(r: *Self, p: anytype, q: anytype) !void {
-            // (a/b) + (c/d) = (ad+bc)/(bd)
-            const d = try std.math.mul(T, r.q, q);
-            const n1 = try std.math.mul(T, r.p, q);
-            const n2 = try std.math.mul(T, r.q, p);
+    // If our parameters are not fully reduced they may prematurely
+    // cause overflow/loss of precision after the multiplication below
+    assert(switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(p, q))) {
+        ComptimeInt, ComptimeFloat => comptime gcd(p, q),
+        else => 1,
+    } == 1);
+
+    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        Int => {
+            // Greedily attempt to multiply and if it fails, reduce and try again
+            multiplication(T, r, p, q) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                error.Overflow => {
+                    r.reduce();
+                    try multiplication(T, r, p, q);
+                },
+                else => unreachable,
+            };
+        },
+        Float => {
+            // Reduce in situations where we're likely to start losing precision
+            if (r.q > o or r.p > o) r.reduce();
+
+            r.p *= switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(p))) {
+                Float, ComptimeFloat => p,
+                else => @floatFromInt(p),
+            };
+            r.q *= switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(q))) {
+                Float, ComptimeFloat => q,
+                else => @floatFromInt(q),
+            };
+
+            // We should always be dealing with whole numbers
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.p).fpart == 0);
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.q).fpart == 0);
+        },
+        else => unreachable,
+    }
+}
 
-            r.p = try std.math.add(T, n1, n2);
-            r.q = d;
-        }
-    };
+fn add_(comptime T: type, comptime o: comptime_int, r: anytype, s: anytype) !void {
+    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        Int => {
+            if (r.q == s.q) {
+                r.p = std.math.add(T, r.p, s.p) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                    error.Overflow => val: {
+                        r.reduce();
+                        s.reduce();
+                        break :val try std.math.add(T, r.p, s.p);
+                    },
+                    else => unreachable,
+                };
+            } else {
+                addition(T, r, s.p, s.q) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                    error.Overflow => {
+                        r.reduce();
+                        s.reduce();
+                        try addition(T, r, s.p, s.q);
+                    },
+                    else => unreachable,
+                };
+            }
+        },
+        Float => {
+            if (r.q == s.q) {
+                if (r.p > o) r.reduce();
+                if (s.p > o) s.reduce();
+
+                r.p += s.p;
+            } else {
+                // Always reduce to minimize loss of precision from the multiplications
+                r.reduce();
+                s.reduce();
+
+                r.p = (r.p * s.q) + (r.q * s.p);
+                r.q *= s.q;
+            }
+
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.p).fpart == 0);
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.q).fpart == 0);
+        },
+        else => unreachable,
+    }
+}
+
+fn mul_(comptime T: type, comptime o: comptime_int, r: anytype, s: anytype) !void {
+    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        Int => {
+            multiplication(T, r, s.p, s.q) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                error.Overflow => {
+                    r.reduce();
+                    s.reduce();
+                    try multiplication(T, r, s.p, s.q);
+                },
+                else => unreachable,
+            };
+        },
+        Float => {
+            if (r.q > o or r.p > o) r.reduce();
+            if (s.q > o or s.p > o) s.reduce();
+
+            r.p *= s.p;
+            r.q *= s.q;
+
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.p).fpart == 0);
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.q).fpart == 0);
+        },
+        else => unreachable,
+    }
+}
+
+fn reduce_(r: anytype) void {
+    const d = gcd(r.p, r.q);
+    if (d == 1) return;
+
+    assert(@mod(r.p, d) == 0);
+    assert(@mod(r.q, d) == 0);
+
+    r.p /= d;
+    r.q /= d;
+
+    assert(r.p >= 1);
+    assert(r.q >= 1);
+}
+
+fn multiplication(comptime T: type, r: anytype, p: anytype, q: anytype) !void {
+    r.p = try std.math.mul(T, r.p, p);
+    r.q = try std.math.mul(T, r.q, q);
+}
+
+fn addition(comptime T: type, r: anytype, p: anytype, q: anytype) !void {
+    // (a/b) + (c/d) = (ad+bc)/(bd)
+    const d = try std.math.mul(T, r.q, q);
+    const n1 = try std.math.mul(T, r.p, q);
+    const n2 = try std.math.mul(T, r.q, p);
+
+    r.p = try std.math.add(T, n1, n2);
+    r.q = d;
 }
 
-// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_algorithm
 fn gcd(p: anytype, q: anytype) @TypeOf(p, q) {
     assert(p >= 1);
     assert(q >= 1);
 
-    var a = p;
-    var b = q;
-    var c: @TypeOf(p, q) = undefined;
+    // convert comptime_int to a sized integer within this function so that @ctz will work
+    const T = switch (@TypeOf(p, q)) {
+        comptime_int => std.math.IntFittingRange(@min(p, q), @max(p, q)),
+        else => |U| U,
+    };
+
+    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        Int => {
+            // std.math.gcd but without some checks because we have a stricter range
+            var x: T = @intCast(p);
+            var y: T = @intCast(q);
+
+            const xz = @ctz(x);
+            const yz = @ctz(y);
+            const shift = @min(xz, yz);
+            x >>= @intCast(xz);
+            y >>= @intCast(yz);
+
+            var diff = y -% x;
+            while (diff != 0) : (diff = y -% x) {
+                const zeros = @ctz(diff);
+                if (x > y) diff = -%diff;
+                y = @min(x, y);
+                x = diff >> @intCast(zeros);
+            }
+
+            const result = y << @intCast(shift);
+            assert(result > 0);
+            return result;
+        },
+        else => {
+            var a = p;
+            var b = q;
+            var c: T = undefined;
+
+            while (b != 0) {
+                c = b;
+                b = @mod(a, b);
+                a = c;
+            }
 
-    while (b != 0) {
-        c = b;
-        b = @mod(a, b);
-        a = c;
+            assert(a > 0);
+            return a;
+        },
     }
+}
+
+test gcd {
+    const seed = if (@hasDecl(std.testing, "random_seed")) std.testing.random_seed else 0x12345678;
+    var prng = (if (@hasDecl(std, "Random")) std.Random else std.rand).DefaultPrng.init(seed);
+    var random = prng.random();
 
-    assert(a > 0);
-    return a;
+    for (0..1000) |_| {
+        const a = random.int(u32);
+        const b = random.int(u32);
+        if (a == 0 or b == 0) continue;
+
+        try expectEqual(
+            gcd(a, b),
+            @as(u32, @intFromFloat(gcd(@as(f64, @floatFromInt(a)), @as(f64, @floatFromInt(b))))),
+        );
+    }
+
+    try expectEqual(gcd(300_000, @as(u32, 2_300_000)), 100_000); // NB: @ctz requires an @intCast
 }
 
 fn doTurn(r: anytype) !void {
@@ -229,7 +355,7 @@ fn doTurn(r: anytype) !void {
 }
 
 test Rational {
-    inline for (.{ u64, u128, f64 }) |t| {
+    inline for (.{ u64, u128, u256, f64 }) |t| {
         var r: Rational(t) = .{};
 
         var c: t = 128;
@@ -302,8 +428,15 @@ pub const BigRational = struct {
     }
 
     /// Adds two rationals.
-    pub fn add(r: *BigRational, s: *const BigRational) !void {
-        try r.val.add(r.val, s.val);
+    pub fn add(r: *BigRational, s: anytype) !void {
+        if (@hasField(@TypeOf(s.*), "val")) {
+            try r.val.add(r.val, s.val);
+        } else {
+            var t = try std.math.big.Rational.init(r.val.p.allocator);
+            defer t.deinit();
+            try t.setRatio(s.p, s.q);
+            try r.val.add(r.val, t);
+        }
     }
 
     /// Multiplies two rationals.
@@ -354,3 +487,36 @@ test BigRational {
     try s.setRatio(71, 78);
     try expect((try s.order(r.val)) == .eq);
 }
+
+test "minimum" {
+    // TODO: ziglang/zig#21069
+    if (builtin.mode == .ReleaseFast or builtin.mode == .ReleaseSmall) {
+        return error.SkipZigTest;
+    }
+    var r = try BigRational.init(std.testing.allocator);
+    defer r.deinit();
+    var s = try std.math.big.Rational.init(std.testing.allocator);
+    defer s.deinit();
+
+    try r.reset();
+
+    try r.update(1, 2); // Speed Tie
+    for (0..2) |_| {
+        try r.update(1, 2); // Confusion
+        try r.update(1, 2); // Infatuation
+        try r.update(3, 4); // Paralysis
+        // Population Bomb
+        for (0..10) |_| {
+            try r.update(9, 10); // Accuracy
+            try r.update(1, 15); // Damage roll
+            try r.update(1, 24); // Critical Hit
+            try r.update(9, 10); // King's Rock non-proc
+        }
+    }
+
+    const ZEROS = std.math.pow(u310, 10, 31);
+    const n = 36472996377170786403;
+    const d: u310 = 146267071761884981524886149560653378220687632500762654519853056 * ZEROS;
+    try s.setRatio(n, d);
+    try expect((try s.order(r.val)) == .eq);
+}

package/src/lib/common/rng.zig

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-const std = @import("std");
-
 const options = @import("options.zig");
+const std = @import("std");
 
 const assert = std.debug.assert;
 const expectEqual = std.testing.expectEqual;
-
 const showdown = options.showdown;
 
 pub fn PRNG(comptime gen: comptime_int) type {
@@ -74,7 +72,7 @@ pub const PSRNG = extern struct {
 
 test PSRNG {
     var psrng: PSRNG = .{ .src = .{ .seed = 0x0001000200030004 } };
-    try expectEqual(121, psrng.range(u8, 0, 256));
+    try expectEqual(@as(u8, 121), psrng.range(u8, 0, 256));
     try expectEqual(false, psrng.chance(u8, 128, 256)); // 226 < 128
 }
 
@@ -111,9 +109,9 @@ test Gen12 {
         try expectEqual(e, rng.next());
     }
 
-    try expectEqual(16, Gen12.percent(6) + 1);
-    try expectEqual(16, Gen12.percent(7) - 1);
-    try expectEqual(128, Gen12.percent(50) + 1);
+    try expectEqual(@as(u8, 16), Gen12.percent(6) + 1);
+    try expectEqual(@as(u8, 16), Gen12.percent(7) - 1);
+    try expectEqual(@as(u8, 128), Gen12.percent(50) + 1);
 }
 
 // https://pkmn.cc/pokeemerald/src/random.c

package/src/lib/common/util.zig

@@ -1,12 +1,71 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 
+const expect = std.testing.expect;
 const expectEqual = std.testing.expectEqual;
 
+const Pointer = if (@hasField(std.builtin.Type, "pointer")) .pointer else .Pointer;
+const One = if (@hasField(std.builtin.Type.Pointer.Size, "one")) .one else .One;
+
 pub fn PointerType(comptime P: type, comptime C: type) type {
-    return if (@typeInfo(P).Pointer.is_const) *const C else *C;
+    return if (@field(@typeInfo(P), @tagName(Pointer)).is_const) *const C else *C;
 }
 
 test PointerType {
     try expectEqual(*bool, PointerType(*u8, bool));
     try expectEqual(*const f64, PointerType(*const i32, f64));
 }
+
+pub fn isPointerTo(p: anytype, comptime P: type) bool {
+    const info = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(p));
+    return switch (info) {
+        Pointer => @field(info, @tagName(Pointer)).child == P,
+        else => false,
+    };
+}
+
+test isPointerTo {
+    const S = struct {};
+    const s: S = .{};
+    try expect(!isPointerTo(s, S));
+    try expect(isPointerTo(&s, S));
+}
+
+// NOTE: std.mem.bytesAsValue backported from ziglang/zig#18061
+pub fn bytesAsValue(comptime T: type, bytes: anytype) BytesAsValueReturnType(T, @TypeOf(bytes)) {
+    return @as(BytesAsValueReturnType(T, @TypeOf(bytes)), @ptrCast(bytes));
+}
+
+fn BytesAsValueReturnType(comptime T: type, comptime B: type) type {
+    return CopyPtrAttrs(B, One, T);
+}
+
+fn CopyPtrAttrs(
+    comptime source: type,
+    comptime size: std.builtin.Type.Pointer.Size,
+    comptime child: type,
+) type {
+    const info = @field(@typeInfo(source), @tagName(Pointer));
+    const args: std.builtin.Type.Pointer = if (@hasField(std.builtin.Type.Pointer, "sentinel")) .{
+        .size = size,
+        .is_const = info.is_const,
+        .is_volatile = info.is_volatile,
+        .is_allowzero = info.is_allowzero,
+        .alignment = info.alignment,
+        .address_space = info.address_space,
+        .child = child,
+        .sentinel = null,
+    } else .{
+        .size = size,
+        .is_const = info.is_const,
+        .is_volatile = info.is_volatile,
+        .is_allowzero = info.is_allowzero,
+        .alignment = info.alignment,
+        .address_space = info.address_space,
+        .child = child,
+        .sentinel_ptr = null,
+    };
+    return @Type(if (@hasField(std.builtin.Type, "pointer"))
+        .{ .pointer = args }
+    else
+        .{ .Pointer = args });
+}