@photivra/engine 1.5.0 → 2.1.0

package/dist/facade/simulate-capture.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1281 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+/**
+ * `simulateCapture()` is the easy starting point. It turns a small input into a complete native
+ * environment RAW request: scene radiance → optics → spectral EQE (external quantum efficiency) →
+ * charge → readout and ADC. That request then runs through the existing native RAW development task
+ * and, optionally, the existing JPEG encoder.
+ *
+ * It adds no physics of its own. Every number comes from existing public contracts: generic tier
+ * presets, exposure metering and mode resolution, colorimetry, native environment RAW, native RAW
+ * development and print JPEG.
+ *
+ * Everything the facade decides for the caller is listed in `result.assumptions`: defaults, derived
+ * values and fixed modelling choices. Nothing is hidden. The complete underlying request is returned
+ * in `result.request`; get the per-site inputs with `request.siteInput(index)`.
+ *
+ * The 2.0 options are opt-in and only combine existing public contracts. If none is given, the
+ * request, RAW, samples and JPEG are byte-identical to the 1.0 facade:
+ * - output formats: `png` (`serializePngImage`; sRGB, or Display P3 / Rec. 2020 through the colorimetry
+ *   matrices and transfer functions) and `dng`
+ *   (`serializeNativeRawDng` of the packed native RAW; no linear master is declared);
+ * - demosaic: `createBuiltInBayerDemosaicProfiles` (bilinear) and mirror borders;
+ * - optics: the environment `lensFieldMapping` (projection, radial / Brown–Conrady distortion), radial
+ *   illumination vignetting as field throughput and a caller sampled lens PSF;
+ * - motion: constant camera angular velocity and the electronic rolling-shutter exposure schedule.
+ * The 2.1 options are opt-in in the same way: `lens.diffraction`, `output.demosaic: "ahd"` and
+ * `sensor.antiAliasing` (a birefringent point-splitting low-pass filter in the sensor optical stack).
+ * @see docs/QUICK_START.md
+ */
+import { InvalidConfigurationError } from "../core/configuration-error.js";
+import { requireInputObject } from "../core/record-validation.js";
+import { ENGINE_API_VERSION } from "../core/version.js";
+import { GENERIC_TIER_ASSETS } from "../equipment/generic-tier-assets.js";
+import { parseCallerCameraPreset } from "./camera-preset.js";
+import { createHostYield } from "./host-yield.js";
+import { resolveGenericEquipmentExposureCapabilities } from "../equipment/exposure-capabilities.js";
+import { resolveGenericIsoSignalChain } from "../sensor/iso-signal-chain.js";
+import { meterRelativeExposure } from "../exposure/metering.js";
+import { createExposureMeterTargetFromMeteringResult, setExposureCompensationOnMeterTarget } from "../exposure/metering-target.js";
+import { resolveManualExposureMode, resolveAperturePriorityExposureMode, resolveShutterPriorityExposureMode, resolveProgramAutoExposureMode } from "../exposure/exposure-mode-resolver.js";
+import { parseExposureProgramLineProfile } from "../exposure/program-line.js";
+import { resolveCaptureGeometry } from "../output/capture-geometry.js";
+import { estimateCie1931ColorMatchingFunctions } from "../color/color-matching-functions.js";
+import { createColorTemperatureWhiteBalanceIntent, resolveColorTemperatureWhiteBalance, resolveCustomWhiteBalance, resolveManualWhiteBalance, estimateAutoWhiteBalance } from "../color/white-balance.js";
+import { createCaptureWhiteBalanceIntent } from "../capture/simulated-capture.js";
+import { SENSOR_RAW_PRODUCER_NOISE_MODEL } from "../capture/sensor-raw-producer.js";
+import { calculateNativeRawPlan } from "../capture/native-raw.js";
+import { createNativeEnvironmentRawTask } from "../capture/native-environment-raw.js";
+import { createNativeRawDevelopmentTask } from "../capture/native-raw-development.js";
+import { parseSdrRenderingProfile } from "../output/sdr-rendering.js";
+import { createPrintJpegTask } from "../output/print-jpeg.js";
+import { checkNativeRawIntegrity, prepareNativeRawDevelopment } from "../capture/native-raw-development.js";
+import { createRawPixelDeveloper, normalizedRawSite, rawSiteSaturated } from "../capture/raw-development-kernel.js";
+import { createAhdDemosaicTask } from "../processing/demosaic.js";
+import { renderSdrRunInto } from "../output/native-capture-sdr.js";
+import { prepareSdrPixelTone } from "../output/sdr-rendering.js";
+import { BUILT_IN_BAYER_DEMOSAIC_MODEL_VERSION as BUILT_IN_DEMOSAIC_VERSION, createBuiltInBayerDemosaicProfiles } from "../sensor/raw-reconstruction.js";
+import { transformOrientedRasterPointToNative } from "../output/capture-geometry.js";
+import { resolveCaptureColorModel } from "../color/capture-color.js";
+import { evaluateBt709Oetf, evaluateSrgbEncoding, resolveRgbColorSpace } from "../color/rgb-color-spaces.js";
+import { serializePngImage } from "../output/png-encoder.js";
+import { parseLensProjectionModel } from "../camera/lens-projection.js";
+import { prepareEnvironmentLensFieldMapping } from "../optics/sensor-environment-query.js";
+import { createRollingShutterCaptureExposureSchedule, resolveElectronicRollingShutterExposureSchedule } from "../sensor/readout-exposure-linkage.js";
+import { calculateCaptureExposureWindows } from "../sensor/exposure-window.js";
+import { calculateSensorSpectralQuadrature } from "../sensor/spectral-quadrature.js";
+import { createDiffractionLimitedPsfProfile } from "../optics/diffraction-psf-profile.js";
+import { createDiffractedPlanarProvider } from "./diffraction-provider.js";
+import { resolveAntiAliasingSpatialKernel } from "../sensor/optical-stack.js";
+import { multiplyMatrices } from "../color/colorimetry-math.js";
+import { prepareRgbGamutMapping } from "../color/gamut-mapping.js";
+import { serializeNativeRawDng } from "../capture/native-raw-dng.js";
+import { resolveSensorReadoutRegime } from "../sensor/raw-readout.js";
+import { resolveChartScene, CHART_SCENE_PRESETS } from "./chart-scenes.js";
+import { resolveCaptureIlluminant, calculateIlluminantIrradianceScale, buildPlanarSceneRadianceProvider, requireCallerScene, FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS, PHOTOPIC_MAXIMUM_LUMINOUS_EFFICACY_LM_PER_W } from "./scene-radiance.js";
+/** Version of how the facade builds requests. It changes whenever the same input would build a different request. */
+export const SIMULATE_CAPTURE_FACADE_VERSION = "1.0.0";
+/**
+ * Options reported in `diagnostics.options` (2.1), in this order, when they ran: the ones that change how much work
+ * a capture does. `motion.rotation` is a non-zero angular velocity; `sensor.temporalSampleCount` a count above 1.
+ */
+export const SIMULATE_CAPTURE_COST_OPTIONS = Object.freeze(["lens.pupilSampling", "lens.projection", "lens.distortion", "lens.vignetting", "lens.psf",
+    "lens.diffraction", "sensor.antiAliasing", "sensor.temporalSampleCount", "motion.rotation", "motion.shutter.rolling", "output.borderHandling.mirror",
+    "output.whiteBalance.auto", "output.demosaic.ahd", "output.highlightMode.reconstruct", "output.colorEncoding.wide-gamut", "output.gamutMapping.perceptual",
+    "output.format.jpeg", "output.format.png", "output.format.dng"]);
+const FACADE_EVIDENCE = Object.freeze([Object.freeze({ sourceOrigin: "photivra",
+        sourceReference: "photivra:simulate-capture-facade", reuseStatus: "photivra-owned" })]);
+const DEFAULTS = Object.freeze({ camera: "professional", fNumber: 8, shutterSeconds: 1 / 125, iso: 100, compensationStops: 0,
+    subjectDistanceM: 5, width: 64, height: 64, format: "srgb-8", toneCurve: "identity", highlightMode: "clip",
+    whiteBalance: "scene-illuminant", jpegQuantizationStep: 2, pixelPitchMicrometers: 6, spectralStepNanometers: 20,
+    temporalSampleCount: 1, noiseSeed: 1, illuminantKelvin: 6500 });
+/** Standard output sensitivity S = 10 / H (CIPA DC-004-2020 §3.2): the reference exposure in lx·s is 10 / S. */
+const SOS_REFERENCE_EXPOSURE_NUMERATOR_LUX_SECONDS = 10;
+/** Camera equation H = 0.65·L·t/N² (CIPA DC-004-2020 §5.5 (4); 0.65 = τ·π/4 with τ = 0.828, Explanation 4). */
+const CAMERA_EQUATION_CONSTANT = 0.65;
+/** Neutral reference reflectance: DC-004 ties the SOS reference level to an 18 % grey (Explanation 1 and 2.2). */
+const GREY_CARD_REFLECTANCE = 0.18;
+/** Scene luminance (cd/m²) whose focal-plane exposure 0.65·L·t/N² equals the SOS reference exposure 10/S. */
+function sosReferenceLuminance(fNumber, shutterSeconds, iso) {
+    return SOS_REFERENCE_EXPOSURE_NUMERATOR_LUX_SECONDS * fNumber ** 2 / (CAMERA_EQUATION_CONSTANT * shutterSeconds * iso);
+}
+/**
+ * Default illuminance, lux: an 18 % Lambertian grey card (L = 0.18·E/π) then gets exactly the CIPA DC-004 standard
+ * output sensitivity reference exposure H = 10/S at f/8, 1/125 s, ISO 100:
+ * E = π·10·N²/(0.65·t·S·0.18) = π·80 000/11.7 ≈ 21 480.98 lux.
+ */
+export const SIMULATE_CAPTURE_DEFAULT_ILLUMINANCE_LUX = Math.PI * sosReferenceLuminance(DEFAULTS.fNumber, DEFAULTS.shutterSeconds, DEFAULTS.iso) /
+    GREY_CARD_REFLECTANCE;
+/** Demosaic border, native sites per side. */
+const MARGIN = 1;
+/**
+ * AHD border, native sites per side: an AHD output pixel depends on sites up to 5 away (directional green ±2,
+ * colour differences ±1 of it, the homogeneity's 4-neighbours and its 3 × 3 sum), so a 5-site rendered margin keeps
+ * every output pixel off the plane's mirrored edge.
+ */
+const AHD_MARGIN = 5;
+/** Sites whose values enter an AHD output pixel (interpolation reach), for the saturated-pixel count. */
+const AHD_VALUE_REACH = 3;
+/** Anti-aliasing filter limits: split points, and the largest offset in sites (bounds the scene work and the convolution margin). */
+const AA_MAXIMUM_COMPONENTS = 16;
+const AA_MAXIMUM_OFFSET_SITES = 4;
+/** Default birefringent separation in sites: the two-spot MTF |cos(π·f·d)| then has its first zero at Nyquist, f = 1/(2·pitch). */
+const AA_DEFAULT_SEPARATION_SITES = 1;
+/** Parses `sensor.antiAliasing` into engine point-splitting components (offsets in µm, +x right, +y down). */
+function parseAntiAliasing(value, pitch) {
+    requireInputObject(value, "sensor.antiAliasing");
+    const kind = value.kind;
+    const separation = (record) => {
+        if (record.separationSites === undefined)
+            return AA_DEFAULT_SEPARATION_SITES;
+        const d = positive(record.separationSites, "sensor.antiAliasing.separationSites");
+        if (d > AA_MAXIMUM_OFFSET_SITES)
+            fail("sensor.antiAliasing.separationSites must be greater than 0 and at most " + AA_MAXIMUM_OFFSET_SITES + ".");
+        return d;
+    };
+    if (kind === "four-spot") {
+        const record = allowKeys(value, "sensor.antiAliasing", ["kind", "separationSites"]), d = separation(record), h = d * pitch / 2;
+        return { kind, separationSites: d, components: [[-h, -h], [h, -h], [-h, h], [h, h]].map(([x, y]) => ({ offsetMicrometers: { x: x, y: y }, normalizedWeight: 0.25 })) };
+    }
+    if (kind === "two-spot") {
+        const record = allowKeys(value, "sensor.antiAliasing", ["kind", "axis", "separationSites"]), d = separation(record), h = d * pitch / 2;
+        if (record.axis !== "horizontal" && record.axis !== "vertical")
+            fail("sensor.antiAliasing.axis must be horizontal or vertical.");
+        const axis = record.axis;
+        return { kind, axis, separationSites: d, components: [-h, h].map((o) => ({ offsetMicrometers: axis === "horizontal" ? { x: o, y: 0 } : { x: 0, y: o }, normalizedWeight: 0.5 })) };
+    }
+    if (kind === "point-splitting") {
+        const record = allowKeys(value, "sensor.antiAliasing", ["kind", "components"]);
+        if (!Array.isArray(record.components) || record.components.length === 0 || record.components.length > AA_MAXIMUM_COMPONENTS) {
+            fail("sensor.antiAliasing.components must be an array of 1 to " + AA_MAXIMUM_COMPONENTS + " components.");
+        }
+        // The engine's optical-stack parser checks shape, finiteness, positive weights and the unit sum (1e-12).
+        const kernel = resolveAntiAliasingSpatialKernel({ schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: "facade-aa-check", evidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE,
+            effectiveAntiAliasingSpatialResponse: { kind: "normalized-point-splitting-kernel", evidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE, coordinateSystem: "native-sensor-physical",
+                scope: "field-wavelength-polarization-invariant-approximation", components: record.components } });
+        for (const c of kernel.components)
+            if (Math.max(Math.abs(c.offsetMicrometers.x), Math.abs(c.offsetMicrometers.y)) > AA_MAXIMUM_OFFSET_SITES * pitch) {
+                fail("sensor.antiAliasing.components offsets must lie within " + AA_MAXIMUM_OFFSET_SITES + " sites (" + AA_MAXIMUM_OFFSET_SITES * pitch + " µm) of the site centre.");
+            }
+        return { kind, components: kernel.components.map((c) => ({ offsetMicrometers: { ...c.offsetMicrometers }, normalizedWeight: c.normalizedWeight })) };
+    }
+    return fail("sensor.antiAliasing.kind must be four-spot, two-spot or point-splitting.");
+}
+/** Third dark ring of the Airy pattern in units of λ·N_w (j₁,₃/π, j₁,₃ = 10.1734681351): the default diffraction kernel reach. */
+const AIRY_THIRD_ZERO_PER_LAMBDA_N = 10.173468135062722 / Math.PI;
+/** Default temporal midpoints when the camera rotates (2.0 motion option). */
+const ROTATING_TEMPORAL_SAMPLE_COUNT = 8;
+const IDS = Object.freeze({ frame: "facade-frame", mode: "native-still", cfa: "photivra-generic-bayer", binding: "facade-native-cfa",
+    sceneState: "facade-scene-state", scene: "facade-scene", provider: "facade-provider", lights: "facade-lights", materials: "facade-materials",
+    capture: "facade-capture", spectral: "facade-colorimetric-eqe", sampling: "facade-sampling", stack: "facade-no-aa", stackAa: "facade-aa",
+    stationarity: "facade-stationarity", operatingState: "facade-operating-state", dark: "facade-dark", completeness: "facade-completeness",
+    chargeSampling: "facade-charge-sampling", capacity: "facade-capacity" });
+const CHANNELS = ["red", "green", "blue"];
+/**
+ * Synthetic colorimetric sensor: channel EQE(λ) = a·cmf(λ)·(555 nm/λ), with cmf = x̄, ȳ, z̄. The λ factor turns
+ * the energy-weighted CMF (colour-matching function) into a photon-counting response. So channel counts are
+ * proportional to CIE XYZ (the Luther–Ives condition holds, up to quadrature error), and the camera→XYZ
+ * matrix is diagonal.
+ */
+const EQE_SCALE = Object.freeze({ red: 0.5, green: 0.5, blue: 0.25 });
+const CMF_KEY = Object.freeze({ red: "x", green: "y", blue: "z" });
+const CAMERA_TO_XYZ = Object.freeze([[EQE_SCALE.green / EQE_SCALE.red, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, EQE_SCALE.green / EQE_SCALE.blue]].map((r) => Object.freeze(r)));
+const XYZ_TO_CAMERA = [[EQE_SCALE.red / EQE_SCALE.green, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, EQE_SCALE.blue / EQE_SCALE.green]];
+/** Synthetic dark current per site at the operating temperature, e⁻/s. */
+const DARK_CURRENT_ELECTRONS_PER_SECOND = 1;
+const OPERATING_TEMPERATURE_C = 20;
+function fail(message) { throw new InvalidConfigurationError(message); }
+/** Diagnostic clock for the 2.1 stage timings: `performance.now()` where the host has it. Never affects output. */
+function clockMs() { return globalThis.performance?.now() ?? Date.now(); }
+function positive(value, name) {
+    if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0)
+        fail(name + " must be a positive finite number.");
+    return value;
+}
+function integerIn(value, name, minimum, maximum) {
+    if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isSafeInteger(value) || value < minimum || value > maximum)
+        fail(name + " must be an integer from " + minimum + " to " + maximum + ".");
+    return value;
+}
+function allowKeys(value, name, keys) {
+    if (value === undefined)
+        return {};
+    requireInputObject(value, name);
+    for (const key of Object.keys(value))
+        if (!keys.includes(key))
+            fail("Unknown " + name + " field: " + key + ".");
+    return value;
+}
+function sampled(values) {
+    return { wavelengthUnit: "nm", wavelengthBasis: "vacuum", interpolation: "piecewise-linear", outsideRangeBehavior: "fail-closed", evidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE,
+        samples: values.map((s) => ({ wavelengthNanometers: s.nm, value: s.value })) };
+}
+async function sha256Hex(text) {
+    const subtle = globalThis.crypto?.subtle;
+    if (!subtle)
+        fail("simulateCapture needs crypto.subtle (a secure browser context or Node 22+) to digest the scene description.");
+    const bytes = new Uint8Array(await subtle.digest("SHA-256", new TextEncoder().encode(text)));
+    return Array.from(bytes, (b) => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
+}
+/**
+ * The form in which a caller spectrum enters the scene digest. Tabulated data is hashed exactly as its
+ * (wavelength, value) pairs. A function spectrum has no data to hash, so it is sampled at the facade's
+ * 1 nm integer nodes over 380-780 nm (the grid the facade also uses to normalize illuminance).
+ */
+function spectrumDigestForm(raw, prepared) {
+    const record = raw;
+    if (record.kind === "tabulated" && Array.isArray(record.samples)) {
+        return { kind: "tabulated", samples: record.samples.map((sample) => [sample.wavelengthNanometers, sample.value]) };
+    }
+    const values = [];
+    for (let nm = FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.minimum; nm <= FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.maximum; nm++)
+        values.push(prepared.evaluate(nm));
+    return { kind: "function-sampled-1nm", rangeNanometers: [FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.minimum, FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.maximum], values };
+}
+function luminanceOf(radiance) {
+    let sum = 0;
+    for (let nm = FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.minimum; nm <= FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.maximum; nm += 5) {
+        const w = nm === FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.minimum || nm === FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.maximum ? 2.5 : 5;
+        sum += w * radiance(nm) * estimateCie1931ColorMatchingFunctions(nm).y;
+    }
+    return PHOTOPIC_MAXIMUM_LUMINOUS_EFFICACY_LM_PER_W * sum;
+}
+function illuminantXyz(illuminant) {
+    let x = 0, y = 0, z = 0;
+    for (let nm = FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.minimum; nm <= FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.maximum; nm++) {
+        const s = illuminant.shape.evaluate(nm), c = estimateCie1931ColorMatchingFunctions(nm);
+        x += s * c.x;
+        y += s * c.y;
+        z += s * c.z;
+    }
+    return [x / y, 1, z / y];
+}
+/** Bilinear RGGB demosaic as explicit linear neighbourhood kernels (weights sum to one per output channel). */
+function bilinearPhaseProfiles() {
+    const cross = [[1, 0], [-1, 0], [0, 1], [0, -1]], diagonal = [[1, 1], [1, -1], [-1, 1], [-1, -1]], horizontal = [[1, 0], [-1, 0]], vertical = [[0, 1], [0, -1]];
+    const average = (offsets, channel) => offsets.map(([x, y]) => ({ offsetX: x, offsetY: y, sourceChannelId: channel, weight: 1 / offsets.length }));
+    const self = (channel) => [{ offsetX: 0, offsetY: 0, sourceChannelId: channel, weight: 1 }];
+    const kernels = {
+        "0,0": { red: self("red"), green: average(cross, "green"), blue: average(diagonal, "blue") },
+        "1,0": { red: average(horizontal, "red"), green: self("green"), blue: average(vertical, "blue") },
+        "0,1": { red: average(vertical, "red"), green: self("green"), blue: average(horizontal, "blue") },
+        "1,1": { red: average(diagonal, "red"), green: average(cross, "green"), blue: self("blue") }
+    };
+    return [[0, 0], [1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1]].map(([px, py], index) => ({ phaseX: px, phaseY: py, profile: { schemaVersion: "0.1.0",
+            profileId: "facade-bilinear-phase-" + index, profileVersion: "1", captureModeId: IDS.mode, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa,
+            scientificStatus: "approximation", method: "explicit-linear-native-neighborhood",
+            normalization: "weights-sum-to-one-per-output-channel", negativeBlackSubtractedValuesAllowed: true,
+            kernels: CHANNELS.map((c) => ({ outputChannelId: c, contributions: kernels[px + "," + py][c] })), evidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE,
+            limitations: ["Bilinear interpolation of the RGGB mosaic; no edge-directed demosaic, false-colour suppression or calibration."] } }));
+}
+function defaultProgramLine() {
+    // Generic educational program line written for the engine, relative to the f/8, 1/125 s reference. For less light
+    // it first opens the aperture toward f/4, then lengthens the shutter. For more light it first closes toward
+    // f/16, then shortens the shutter.
+    return parseExposureProgramLineProfile({ schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: "facade-generic-program-line", profileVersion: "1.0.0",
+        scientificStatus: "approximation", policyKind: "generic-program-line", interpolation: "log2-aperture-shutter", evidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE,
+        limitations: ["Generic educational program line authored for the capture facade; not any manufacturer's program."],
+        nodes: [
+            { nodeId: "minus-6", opticalExposureStopsFromReference: -6, aperture: 16, shutterSeconds: 1 / 2000 },
+            { nodeId: "minus-2", opticalExposureStopsFromReference: -2, aperture: 16, shutterSeconds: 1 / 125 },
+            { nodeId: "zero", opticalExposureStopsFromReference: 0, aperture: 8, shutterSeconds: 1 / 125 },
+            { nodeId: "plus-2", opticalExposureStopsFromReference: 2, aperture: 4, shutterSeconds: 1 / 125 },
+            { nodeId: "plus-9", opticalExposureStopsFromReference: 9, aperture: 4, shutterSeconds: 128 / 125 }
+        ] });
+}
+/** PNG colour signalling: the sRGB chunk for sRGB, ITU-T H.273 code points through cICP otherwise. */
+function pngColourEncoding(encoding) {
+    if (encoding === "srgb")
+        return { kind: "srgb", renderingIntent: "perceptual" };
+    if (encoding === "display-p3")
+        return { kind: "cicp", primaries: "display-p3", transfer: "srgb", fullRange: true };
+    return { kind: "cicp", primaries: "bt2020", transfer: "bt709", fullRange: true };
+}
+/**
+ * Develops the packed RAW to unclipped linear sRGB/D65, using the exact operator inside
+ * `createNativeRawDevelopmentTask`. Validation, demosaic kernels, border handling, per-site white-level
+ * clipping, white balance, highlight mode and the camera→XYZ→linear-sRGB matrices are all the same. It
+ * stops before tone mapping, gamut clipping and quantization. It reads the RAW without taking ownership.
+ */
+async function developLinearSrgb(input, afterRow, ahd) {
+    const v = prepareNativeRawDevelopment(input), plan = v.plan, raw = input.raw, layout = plan.frame.colorSamplingProfile.layout;
+    if (layout.kind !== "periodic-mosaic")
+        fail("Development requires a periodic CFA.");
+    const native = plan.exposure.geometry.nativeRaster, g = plan.exposure.resolvedGeometry, active = g.activeCapture.nativeRect;
+    checkNativeRawIntegrity(raw, native.pixelWidth, layout.repeatWidthSites, layout.repeatHeightSites, 0, native.pixelHeight);
+    const developer = createRawPixelDeveloper({ nativeWidth: native.pixelWidth, repeatWidth: layout.repeatWidthSites, repeatHeight: layout.repeatHeightSites,
+        codes: raw.codes, blackLevels: raw.blackLevels, saturationFlags: raw.saturationFlags, whiteByPhase: raw.effectiveSaturationCodes }, v.phases, v.development, v.mirror);
+    const width = v.raster.pixelWidth, height = v.raster.pixelHeight, rgb = new Float64Array(width * height * 3), row = new Float64Array(width * 3);
+    const at = (x, y) => {
+        const q = transformOrientedRasterPointToNative({ point: { x: v.crop.x + x + 0.5, y: v.crop.y + y + 0.5 }, nativeRaster: g.activeCapture.raster, orientation: plan.exposure.geometry.orientation });
+        return { x: Math.floor(q.x) + active.x, y: Math.floor(q.y) + active.y };
+    };
+    if (ahd)
+        return developAhd(v, raw, layout.repeatWidthSites, layout.repeatHeightSites, width, height, at, afterRow, ahd);
+    for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+        const first = at(0, y), second = width > 1 ? at(1, y) : first;
+        developer.developRun(first.x, first.y, second.x - first.x, second.y - first.y, width, row);
+        rgb.set(row, y * width * 3);
+        await afterRow(y + 1, height);
+    }
+    const c = developer.counts;
+    return { rgb, highlight: { mode: v.highlightMode, saturatedPixelCount: c.saturatedPixelCount, whiteBalanceClippedSampleCount: c.whiteBalanceClippedSampleCount,
+            reconstructedPixelCount: c.reconstructedPixelCount } };
+}
+/**
+ * AHD development (2.1): the same site normalization as the native development kernel (flagged or white-level sites
+ * are 1, others (code − black)/(white − black)) on the whole native raster, demosaiced by `createAhdDemosaicTask`
+ * (mirrored plane edges), then the native development's own colour operator (`developInto`: WB, highlight mode,
+ * camera → XYZ → linear sRGB) per output pixel. The AHD homogeneity metric sees white-balanced colour: its
+ * camera → XYZ matrix is the profile's matrix times the WB gains (the output values are not transformed by it).
+ * The mosaic is stored in float32, as the AHD task requires.
+ */
+async function developAhd(v, raw, repeatWidth, repeatHeight, width, height, at, afterRow, host) {
+    const native = v.plan.exposure.geometry.nativeRaster, W = native.pixelWidth, H = native.pixelHeight;
+    const source = { nativeWidth: W, repeatWidth, repeatHeight, codes: raw.codes, blackLevels: raw.blackLevels,
+        saturationFlags: raw.saturationFlags, whiteByPhase: raw.effectiveSaturationCodes };
+    const samples = new Float32Array(W * H), saturated = new Uint8Array(W * H);
+    for (let y = 0; y < H; y++)
+        for (let x = 0; x < W; x++) {
+            samples[y * W + x] = normalizedRawSite(source, x, y);
+            if (rawSiteSaturated(source, x, y))
+                saturated[y * W + x] = 1;
+        }
+    const intent = v.plan.exposure.whiteBalanceIntent, gains = intent ? [intent.channelGains.red, intent.channelGains.green, intent.channelGains.blue] : [1, 1, 1];
+    const m = v.color.normalizedCameraChannelsToXyz;
+    const cameraToXyz = [0, 1, 2].map((r) => [0, 1, 2].map((c) => m[r][c] * gains[c]));
+    const task = createAhdDemosaicTask({ plane: { width: W, height: H, captureModeId: v.plan.frame.modeId, colorSamplingProfile: v.plan.frame.colorSamplingProfile, samples },
+        channelRoles: { red: "red", green: "green", blue: "blue" }, cameraToXyz }, { yieldControl: async () => { await host.yieldControl(); host.checkAbort(); } });
+    const demosaicStarted = clockMs();
+    await task.run();
+    host.onDemosaicMs?.(clockMs() - demosaicStarted);
+    const demosaiced = task.takeOutput().data, rgb = new Float64Array(width * height * 3);
+    const counts = { saturatedPixelCount: 0, whiteBalanceClippedSampleCount: 0, reconstructedPixelCount: 0 };
+    for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+        for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+            const p = at(x, y), i = p.y * W + p.x;
+            let clipped = false;
+            for (let dy = -AHD_VALUE_REACH; dy <= AHD_VALUE_REACH && !clipped; dy++)
+                for (let dx = -AHD_VALUE_REACH; dx <= AHD_VALUE_REACH; dx++) {
+                    const sx = p.x + dx, sy = p.y + dy;
+                    if (sx >= 0 && sy >= 0 && sx < W && sy < H && saturated[sy * W + sx] !== 0) {
+                        clipped = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            if (clipped)
+                counts.saturatedPixelCount++;
+            v.development.developInto(demosaiced[3 * i], demosaiced[3 * i + 1], demosaiced[3 * i + 2], rgb, (y * width + x) * 3, counts);
+        }
+        await afterRow(y + 1, height);
+    }
+    return { rgb, highlight: { mode: v.highlightMode, saturatedPixelCount: counts.saturatedPixelCount, whiteBalanceClippedSampleCount: counts.whiteBalanceClippedSampleCount,
+            reconstructedPixelCount: counts.reconstructedPixelCount } };
+}
+/** Linear sRGB/D65 → CIE XYZ (inverse of the development's XYZ → sRGB matrix) → linear target RGB/D65. */
+function linearSrgbToTarget(target) {
+    return multiplyMatrices(resolveRgbColorSpace(target).value.xyzToRgb, resolveCaptureColorModel().cameraRgbToXyz);
+}
+/** Knee of the `perceptual` gamut mapping: chroma below 90 % of the gamut-boundary chroma (at constant L*, h) is untouched. */
+const PERCEPTUAL_GAMUT_KNEE_FRACTION = 0.9;
+/**
+ * SDR encoding from linear sRGB/D65:
+ * 1. Convert to the target primaries with a matrix.
+ * 2. Either clip each component to [0, 1], or, with `mapping`, compress chroma while keeping CIELAB hue
+ *    and lightness (`prepareRgbGamutMapping`).
+ * 3. Apply the target transfer function and round to the nearest code (ties round up).
+ */
+function encodeSdrFromLinear(rgb, encoding, bitDepth, mapping) {
+    const m = linearSrgbToTarget(encoding), toXyz = resolveCaptureColorModel().cameraRgbToXyz, maximum = 2 ** bitDepth - 1;
+    const transfer = encoding === "rec2020" ? evaluateBt709Oetf : evaluateSrgbEncoding;
+    const samples = bitDepth === 8 ? new Uint8Array(rgb.length) : new Uint16Array(rgb.length);
+    let low = 0, high = 0, adjusted = 0, lightnessClipped = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < rgb.length; i += 3) {
+        const r = rgb[i], g = rgb[i + 1], b = rgb[i + 2];
+        if (mapping) {
+            const xyz = [0, 1, 2].map((k) => toXyz[k][0] * r + toXyz[k][1] * g + toXyz[k][2] * b);
+            const mapped = mapping.map(xyz);
+            if (mapped.adjusted)
+                adjusted++;
+            if (mapped.lightnessClipped)
+                lightnessClipped++;
+            for (let k = 0; k < 3; k++)
+                samples[i + k] = Math.floor(transfer(mapped.linearRgb[k]) * maximum + 0.5);
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (let k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
+            const row = m[k];
+            let value = row[0] * r + row[1] * g + row[2] * b;
+            if (value < 0) {
+                value = 0;
+                low++;
+            }
+            else if (value > 1) {
+                value = 1;
+                high++;
+            }
+            samples[i + k] = Math.floor(transfer(value) * maximum + 0.5);
+        }
+    }
+    return { samples, adjustedPixelCount: adjusted, lightnessClippedPixelCount: lightnessClipped, diagnostics: { renderingNegativeSampleCount: low,
+            renderingAboveReferenceSampleCount: high, toneChangedSampleCount: 0, gamutClippedLowSampleCount: low, gamutClippedHighSampleCount: high, captureSaturation: "consumed-in-raw-development" } };
+}
+/**
+ * Simulates one still capture of a planar scene and returns the developed image, the packed RAW, the full
+ * underlying request/plan, provenance and every assumption made. See docs/QUICK_START.md.
+ */
+export async function simulateCapture(options) {
+    const started = Date.now();
+    requireInputObject(options, "simulateCapture options");
+    const top = allowKeys(options, "simulateCapture options", ["camera", "lens", "exposure", "scene", "subjectDistanceM", "illuminant",
+        "illuminanceLux", "output", "sensor", "motion", "signal", "onProgress"]);
+    const signal = top.signal, onProgress = top.onProgress;
+    if (signal !== undefined && (typeof signal !== "object" || signal === null || typeof signal.aborted !== "boolean"))
+        fail("signal must be an AbortSignal.");
+    if (onProgress !== undefined && typeof onProgress !== "function")
+        fail("onProgress must be a function.");
+    const assumptions = [];
+    const assume = (id, kind, value, explanation) => { assumptions.push({ id, kind, value, explanation }); };
+    function pick(record, key, path, fallback, explanation) {
+        if (record[key] !== undefined)
+            return record[key];
+        assume(path, "default", fallback, explanation);
+        return fallback;
+    }
+    const checkAbort = () => { if (signal?.aborted)
+        fail("simulateCapture aborted."); };
+    checkAbort();
+    // Camera
+    const cameraOption = pick(top, "camera", "camera", DEFAULTS.camera, "Generic Photivra tier preset 2.0.0 (synthetic educational values, not a real camera).");
+    let preset;
+    if (typeof cameraOption === "string")
+        preset = GENERIC_TIER_ASSETS.find((p) => p.tier === cameraOption) ?? fail("Unknown camera tier.");
+    else
+        preset = parseCallerCameraPreset(cameraOption);
+    const body = preset.body, lens = preset.lens;
+    // Lens
+    const lensOptions = allowKeys(top.lens, "lens", ["focalLengthMm", "fNumber", "focusDistanceM", "pupilSampling", "projection", "distortion", "vignetting", "psf", "diffraction"]);
+    const focalDefault = lens.exposure.focalLengthMmRange.value.minimum;
+    const focalLengthMm = positive(pick(lensOptions, "focalLengthMm", "lens.focalLengthMm", focalDefault, "The preset lens's focal length (the generic primes are 50 mm)."), "lens.focalLengthMm");
+    const capabilities = resolveGenericEquipmentExposureCapabilities({ bodyProfile: body.exposure, lensProfile: lens.exposure, selectedFocalLengthMm: focalLengthMm });
+    const subjectDistanceM = positive(pick(top, "subjectDistanceM", "subjectDistanceM", DEFAULTS.subjectDistanceM, "Scene plane 5 m in front of the camera (the generic tiers' reference focus distance)."), "subjectDistanceM");
+    if (subjectDistanceM * 1000 <= focalLengthMm * 2)
+        fail("subjectDistanceM must exceed twice the focal length.");
+    const focusDistanceM = positive(pick(lensOptions, "focusDistanceM", "lens.focusDistanceM", subjectDistanceM, "Focused on the scene plane."), "lens.focusDistanceM");
+    if (focusDistanceM * 1000 <= focalLengthMm)
+        fail("lens.focusDistanceM must exceed the focal length.");
+    let pupil;
+    if (lensOptions.pupilSampling === undefined)
+        assume("lens.pupilSampling", "default", null, "No pupil sampling: each scene query follows the central (chief) ray, so defocus and depth of field are not rendered. Enable lens.pupilSampling for an ideal circular pupil.");
+    else {
+        const p = allowKeys(lensOptions.pupilSampling, "lens.pupilSampling", ["radialSamples", "angularSamples"]);
+        // The environment pupil contract admits 4..64 azimuthal midpoints and at most 256 rays.
+        pupil = { radialSamples: integerIn(p.radialSamples, "lens.pupilSampling.radialSamples", 1, 16), angularSamples: integerIn(p.angularSamples, "lens.pupilSampling.angularSamples", 4, 64) };
+        if (pupil.radialSamples * pupil.angularSamples > 256)
+            fail("lens.pupilSampling needs at most 256 rays (radialSamples × angularSamples).");
+    }
+    // 2.0 optics hooks: only what the environment site contract accepts.
+    const projection = lensOptions.projection === undefined ? undefined : parseLensProjectionModel(lensOptions.projection);
+    let distortion;
+    if (lensOptions.distortion !== undefined) {
+        const d = allowKeys(lensOptions.distortion, "lens.distortion", ["kind", "profile"]);
+        if (d.kind !== "radial" && d.kind !== "brown-conrady")
+            fail("lens.distortion.kind must be radial or brown-conrady.");
+        distortion = d;
+    }
+    const lensFieldMapping = projection === undefined && distortion === undefined ? undefined :
+        { projectionModel: projection ?? "rectilinear", distortion: distortion ?? { kind: "none" }, radiometricAreaCorrection: "inverse-distortion-jacobian" };
+    if (lensFieldMapping) {
+        if (pupil)
+            fail("lens.projection and lens.distortion cannot be combined with lens.pupilSampling: ideal pupil rays use the rectilinear, distortion-free projection.");
+        try {
+            prepareEnvironmentLensFieldMapping(lensFieldMapping);
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            fail("Invalid lens projection or distortion: " + error.message);
+        }
+    }
+    let vignetting;
+    if (lensOptions.vignetting !== undefined) {
+        requireInputObject(lensOptions.vignetting, "lens.vignetting");
+        vignetting = lensOptions.vignetting;
+    }
+    let lensPsf;
+    if (lensOptions.psf !== undefined) {
+        const p = allowKeys(lensOptions.psf, "lens.psf", ["kind", "configuration"]);
+        if (p.kind !== "sampled-local")
+            fail("lens.psf.kind must be sampled-local.");
+        requireInputObject(p.configuration, "lens.psf.configuration");
+        if (pupil)
+            fail("lens.psf cannot be combined with lens.pupilSampling: geometric defocus would be counted twice.");
+        lensPsf = p;
+    }
+    // Diffraction (2.1): validated here, built once the f-number is resolved.
+    let diffractionRadiusOption;
+    if (lensOptions.diffraction !== undefined) {
+        const d = lensOptions.diffraction;
+        if (d === "circular-aperture")
+            diffractionRadiusOption = null;
+        else {
+            const record = allowKeys(d, "lens.diffraction", ["aperture", "kernelRadiusSamples"]);
+            if (record.aperture !== "circular-aperture")
+                fail("lens.diffraction must be \"circular-aperture\" or { aperture: \"circular-aperture\", kernelRadiusSamples }.");
+            diffractionRadiusOption = record.kernelRadiusSamples === undefined ? null : integerIn(record.kernelRadiusSamples, "lens.diffraction.kernelRadiusSamples", 0, 32);
+        }
+        if (lensPsf)
+            fail("lens.diffraction cannot be combined with lens.psf: diffraction would be counted twice.");
+        if (pupil)
+            fail("lens.diffraction cannot be combined with lens.pupilSampling: the environment contract does not mix a sampled PSF with pupil rays.");
+    }
+    // Motion (2.0): constant camera rotation and the shutter type.
+    const motionOptions = allowKeys(top.motion, "motion", ["angularVelocityRadPerSec", "shutter", "rollingShutterSkewSeconds"]);
+    const angular = { pitch: 0, yaw: 0, roll: 0 };
+    if (motionOptions.angularVelocityRadPerSec !== undefined) {
+        const a = allowKeys(motionOptions.angularVelocityRadPerSec, "motion.angularVelocityRadPerSec", ["pitch", "yaw", "roll"]);
+        for (const axis of ["pitch", "yaw", "roll"])
+            if (a[axis] !== undefined) {
+                const value = a[axis];
+                if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(value) || Math.abs(value) > 100)
+                    fail("motion.angularVelocityRadPerSec." + axis + " must be a finite number within ±100 rad/s.");
+                angular[axis] = value;
+            }
+    }
+    const rotating = angular.pitch !== 0 || angular.yaw !== 0 || angular.roll !== 0;
+    const shutterKind = motionOptions.shutter === undefined ? "global" : motionOptions.shutter;
+    if (shutterKind !== "global" && shutterKind !== "rolling")
+        fail("motion.shutter must be global or rolling.");
+    if (motionOptions.rollingShutterSkewSeconds !== undefined && shutterKind !== "rolling")
+        fail("motion.rollingShutterSkewSeconds needs motion.shutter \"rolling\".");
+    const rollingSkewOption = motionOptions.rollingShutterSkewSeconds === undefined ? undefined : positive(motionOptions.rollingShutterSkewSeconds, "motion.rollingShutterSkewSeconds");
+    // Diffraction runs as an object-space convolution when every PSF tap's source is another site centre seen
+    // through one linear map (still camera, rectilinear, no distortion or field throughput); otherwise per tap.
+    const diffractionObjectSpace = diffractionRadiusOption !== undefined && !rotating && !lensFieldMapping && !vignetting;
+    // Output and sensor
+    const outputOptions = allowKeys(top.output, "output", ["width", "height", "format", "toneCurve", "toneCurveParameters", "highlightMode", "whiteBalance", "jpegQuantizationStep",
+        "colorEncoding", "bitDepth", "gamutMapping", "demosaic", "borderHandling", "dng"]);
+    const width = integerIn(pick(outputOptions, "width", "output.width", DEFAULTS.width, "64 × 64 output pixels."), "output.width", 1, 4094);
+    const height = integerIn(pick(outputOptions, "height", "output.height", DEFAULTS.height, "64 × 64 output pixels."), "output.height", 1, 4094);
+    const format = pick(outputOptions, "format", "output.format", DEFAULTS.format, "8-bit sRGB samples.");
+    if (!["srgb-8", "srgb-16", "jpeg", "png", "dng"].includes(format))
+        fail("output.format must be srgb-8, srgb-16, jpeg, png or dng.");
+    let dngCapturedAtUtc;
+    if (format === "dng") {
+        const d = allowKeys(outputOptions.dng, "output.dng", ["capturedAtUtc"]);
+        dngCapturedAtUtc = d.capturedAtUtc;
+        if (dngCapturedAtUtc === undefined)
+            assume("output.dng.capturedAtUtc", "default", null, "No capture time: the DNG carries no DateTimeOriginal (the engine never invents a wall clock).");
+    }
+    else if (outputOptions.dng !== undefined)
+        fail("output.dng applies only to output.format \"dng\".");
+    let colorEncoding, pngBitDepth;
+    if (format === "png") {
+        colorEncoding = pick(outputOptions, "colorEncoding", "output.colorEncoding", "srgb", "sRGB (W3C CSS Color 4 srgb) samples signalled with the PNG sRGB chunk (perceptual intent) and its prescribed gAMA/cHRM values.");
+        if (!["srgb", "display-p3", "rec2020"].includes(colorEncoding))
+            fail("output.colorEncoding must be srgb, display-p3 or rec2020.");
+        pngBitDepth = pick(outputOptions, "bitDepth", "output.bitDepth", 8, "8 bits per sample.");
+        if (pngBitDepth !== 8 && pngBitDepth !== 16)
+            fail("output.bitDepth must be 8 or 16.");
+    }
+    else if (outputOptions.colorEncoding !== undefined || outputOptions.bitDepth !== undefined)
+        fail("output.colorEncoding and output.bitDepth apply only to output.format \"png\".");
+    let perceptual = false;
+    if (format === "png") {
+        const gamutMapping = pick(outputOptions, "gamutMapping", "output.gamutMapping", "clip", "Out-of-gamut components are clipped to [0, 1] in the target space.");
+        if (gamutMapping !== "clip" && gamutMapping !== "perceptual")
+            fail("output.gamutMapping must be clip or perceptual.");
+        perceptual = gamutMapping === "perceptual";
+    }
+    else if (outputOptions.gamutMapping !== undefined)
+        fail("output.gamutMapping applies only to output.format \"png\".");
+    const wideGamut = colorEncoding !== undefined && colorEncoding !== "srgb";
+    // The linear development path serves wide-gamut encodings and perceptual gamut mapping.
+    const linearPath = wideGamut || perceptual;
+    const toneCurve = pick(outputOptions, "toneCurve", "output.toneCurve", DEFAULTS.toneCurve, "Identity tone curve: scene-linear values are clipped at display white, then sRGB-encoded.");
+    if (linearPath && toneCurve !== "identity")
+        fail("output.toneCurve other than identity is available only for sRGB output; wide-gamut encodings are converted from the linear developed colour.");
+    const highlightMode = pick(outputOptions, "highlightMode", "output.highlightMode", DEFAULTS.highlightMode, "Saturated RAW highlights are clipped to neutral.");
+    const whiteBalanceOption = pick(outputOptions, "whiteBalance", "output.whiteBalance", DEFAULTS.whiteBalance, "White balance measured from a perfect white diffuser under the scene illuminant (a custom/grey-card white balance).");
+    const jpegStep = format === "jpeg" ? integerIn(pick(outputOptions, "jpegQuantizationStep", "output.jpegQuantizationStep", DEFAULTS.jpegQuantizationStep, "Constant JPEG quantization step 2 (not a manufacturer quality scale)."), "output.jpegQuantizationStep", 1, 255) : undefined;
+    if (format !== "jpeg" && outputOptions.jpegQuantizationStep !== undefined)
+        fail("output.jpegQuantizationStep applies only to output.format \"jpeg\".");
+    const sensorOptions = allowKeys(top.sensor, "sensor", ["pixelPitchMicrometers", "spectralStepNanometers", "temporalSampleCount", "noiseSeed", "antiAliasing"]);
+    const pitch = positive(pick(sensorOptions, "pixelPitchMicrometers", "sensor.pixelPitchMicrometers", DEFAULTS.pixelPitchMicrometers, "6 µm pixels (about a 24 MP full-frame sensor). The simulated sensor is width × pitch wide, so small images are a central crop of a large sensor, not a downscaled full frame."), "sensor.pixelPitchMicrometers");
+    if (pitch < 0.5 || pitch > 100)
+        fail("sensor.pixelPitchMicrometers must be 0.5-100.");
+    const spectralStep = positive(pick(sensorOptions, "spectralStepNanometers", "sensor.spectralStepNanometers", DEFAULTS.spectralStepNanometers, "Spectral midpoint quadrature over 380-780 nm with subintervals of at most 20 nm."), "sensor.spectralStepNanometers");
+    if (spectralStep < 1 || spectralStep > 100)
+        fail("sensor.spectralStepNanometers must be 1-100.");
+    const temporalSampleCount = integerIn(rotating ? pick(sensorOptions, "temporalSampleCount", "sensor.temporalSampleCount", ROTATING_TEMPORAL_SAMPLE_COUNT, "Eight temporal midpoints across each site's exposure window sample the camera rotation (motion blur); raise it for long exposures or fast rotation.") :
+        pick(sensorOptions, "temporalSampleCount", "sensor.temporalSampleCount", DEFAULTS.temporalSampleCount, "One temporal sample: the static scene and still camera make more samples unnecessary."), "sensor.temporalSampleCount", 1, 256);
+    const noiseSeed = integerIn(pick(sensorOptions, "noiseSeed", "sensor.noiseSeed", DEFAULTS.noiseSeed, "Fixed noise seed 1 (deterministic output)."), "sensor.noiseSeed", 0, 0xffffffff);
+    const antiAliasing = sensorOptions.antiAliasing === undefined ? undefined : parseAntiAliasing(sensorOptions.antiAliasing, pitch);
+    const colorSamplingProfile = { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.cfa, evidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE, coordinateSystem: "native-sensor-color-sampling-site-index",
+        layout: { kind: "periodic-mosaic", repeatWidthSites: 2, repeatHeightSites: 2, siteChannelIds: ["red", "green", "green", "blue"], anchor: "native-sensor-top-left-site" } };
+    // Demosaic (2.0): built-in Bayer kernels and border handling. Omitted, the 1.0 bilinear kernels and a
+    // one-site rendered border are used unchanged.
+    const demosaicOption = outputOptions.demosaic, borderOption = outputOptions.borderHandling;
+    if (demosaicOption !== undefined && demosaicOption !== "bilinear" && demosaicOption !== "ahd")
+        fail("output.demosaic must be bilinear or ahd.");
+    const ahd = demosaicOption === "ahd";
+    if (borderOption !== undefined && borderOption !== "margin" && borderOption !== "mirror")
+        fail("output.borderHandling must be margin or mirror.");
+    const builtInDemosaic = demosaicOption === undefined ? undefined : createBuiltInBayerDemosaicProfiles({ kernel: "bilinear",
+        captureModeId: IDS.mode, colorSamplingProfile, channelRoles: { red: "red", green: "green", blue: "blue" } }).value;
+    const mirrorBorder = borderOption === "mirror";
+    const margin = mirrorBorder ? 0 : ahd ? AHD_MARGIN : builtInDemosaic ? builtInDemosaic.kernelReachSites : MARGIN;
+    if (mirrorBorder && (width < 2 || height < 2))
+        fail("output.borderHandling \"mirror\" needs an output of at least 2 × 2 pixels.");
+    if (ahd && mirrorBorder && (width < 3 || height < 3))
+        fail("output.demosaic \"ahd\" with mirror borders needs an output of at least 3 × 3 pixels.");
+    // Geometry: the demosaic border (if any) on each side; output crop is the active area.
+    const nativeWidth = width + 2 * margin, nativeHeight = height + 2 * margin;
+    const imagingArea = { widthMm: nativeWidth * pitch / 1000, heightMm: nativeHeight * pitch / 1000 };
+    const geometry = { imagingArea, nativeRaster: { pixelWidth: nativeWidth, pixelHeight: nativeHeight }, orientation: "landscape",
+        activeCaptureRect: { x: margin, y: margin, width, height }, outputRaster: { pixelWidth: width, pixelHeight: height } };
+    const resolvedGeometry = resolveCaptureGeometry(geometry).value;
+    const imageDistanceMm = focalLengthMm * focusDistanceM * 1000 / (focusDistanceM * 1000 - focalLengthMm);
+    const metresPerFrameUnit = (width * pitch / 2000) * subjectDistanceM / imageDistanceMm;
+    const aspect = height / width;
+    assume("scene.framing", "derived", { framedWidthM: 2 * metresPerFrameUnit, framedHeightM: 2 * metresPerFrameUnit * aspect }, "The scene plane is perpendicular to the optical axis and the chart is sized to fill the active frame exactly.");
+    if (demosaicOption === undefined && borderOption === undefined) {
+        assume("output.demosaic", "model", "bilinear-rggb", "Bilinear RGGB demosaic through explicit linear kernels; the native raster has a one-site border on each side so every output pixel has full support.");
+    }
+    else {
+        if (demosaicOption === undefined)
+            assume("output.demosaic", "default", "bilinear-rggb", "The 1.0 facade's bilinear RGGB kernels (explicit linear neighbourhood weights).");
+        else if (ahd)
+            assume("output.demosaic", "model", { method: "ahd-hirakawa-parks-2005", dependenceReachSites: AHD_MARGIN }, "Adaptive homogeneity-directed demosaicing (createAhdDemosaicTask, after Hirakawa & Parks, IEEE TIP 14(3), 2005): directional green, red/blue from colour differences, and per pixel the more homogeneous of the horizontal and vertical candidates in CIELAB (white-balanced camera colour); the paper's iterative median step is not applied. Non-linear; the mosaic is normalized and white-level clipped as in the native development and stored in float32, and the native development's colour operator follows. request.development keeps the built-in bilinear kernels, which validate the development but are not used for these pixels.");
+        else
+            assume("output.demosaic", "model", { kernel: builtInDemosaic.kernel, modelVersion: BUILT_IN_DEMOSAIC_VERSION, kernelReachSites: builtInDemosaic.kernelReachSites }, "Built-in bilinear Bayer kernels (createBuiltInBayerDemosaicProfiles): nearest same-channel averages.");
+        if (borderOption === undefined)
+            assume("output.borderHandling", "default", "margin", "The native raster adds the kernel reach (" + margin + " site(s)) on each side, so every output pixel is reconstructed from rendered sites.");
+        else
+            assume("output.borderHandling", "model", borderOption, mirrorBorder ?
+                "No rendered border: the native raster equals the output and reconstruction reads reflect-101 mirror images of the missing sites (CFA consistency validated), so edge pixels use mirrored rather than rendered neighbours." :
+                "The native raster adds the kernel reach (" + margin + " site(s)) on each side, so every output pixel is reconstructed from rendered sites.");
+    }
+    // Radiance queries per native site: spectral subintervals × temporal midpoints × pupil rays × PSF taps.
+    const psfTaps = lensPsf ? Math.max(1, ...(lensPsf.configuration.psf.profile.nodes ?? [])
+        .map((node) => Number(node.kernel?.widthSamples) * Number(node.kernel?.heightSamples)).filter((taps) => Number.isSafeInteger(taps) && taps > 0)) : 1;
+    const queriesPerSite = temporalSampleCount * (Math.ceil((FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.maximum - FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS.minimum) / spectralStep) + 1) *
+        (pupil ? pupil.radialSamples * pupil.angularSamples : 1) * psfTaps * (antiAliasing ? antiAliasing.components.length : 1);
+    // Scene and illuminant
+    // The scene is the one required input: the facade never guesses what is being photographed.
+    if (top.scene === undefined)
+        fail("simulateCapture needs a scene, for example { preset: \"uniform\" } (an 18 % grey card) or { preset: \"slanted-edge\" }.");
+    const sceneOption = top.scene;
+    requireInputObject(sceneOption, "scene");
+    const illuminantOption = pick(top, "illuminant", "illuminant", { kind: "planckian", temperatureKelvin: DEFAULTS.illuminantKelvin }, "Planckian (blackbody) 6500 K as a stand-in for daylight. CIE D65 is not bundled; pass its S0/S1/S2 basis as a daylight illuminant to use it.");
+    const illuminant = resolveCaptureIlluminant(illuminantOption);
+    const illuminanceLux = positive(pick(top, "illuminanceLux", "illuminanceLux", SIMULATE_CAPTURE_DEFAULT_ILLUMINANCE_LUX, "π·10·N²/(0.65·t·S·0.18) lux at f/8, 1/125 s, ISO 100 (CIPA DC-004 standard output sensitivity H = 10/S and camera equation H = 0.65·L·t/N²): an 18 % grey card then gets the reference exposure for the default settings. It does not follow the caller's exposure settings."), "illuminanceLux");
+    const irradianceScale = calculateIlluminantIrradianceScale(illuminant.shape, illuminanceLux);
+    let chart, callerScene;
+    const sceneRecord = sceneOption;
+    if ("kind" in sceneRecord) {
+        callerScene = requireCallerScene(sceneOption);
+    }
+    else {
+        chart = resolveChartScene({ scene: sceneOption, aspect });
+        for (const key of chart.defaultedParameters)
+            assume("scene." + key, "default", chart.parameters[key], "Chart default for " + chart.preset + ".");
+    }
+    const scenePreset = chart ? chart.preset : callerScene.kind;
+    // Caller spectra enter the digest as data (see spectrumDigestForm). Without caller spectra the description is unchanged,
+    // so default captures keep their digests.
+    const illuminantRecord = typeof illuminantOption === "object" ? illuminantOption : undefined;
+    const illuminantSpectrum = illuminantRecord?.kind === "spectrum" ? { spectrum: spectrumDigestForm(illuminant.spectrum, illuminant.shape) } :
+        illuminantRecord?.kind === "daylight" ? { basisDatasetId: illuminantRecord.basis?.datasetId, spectrum: spectrumDigestForm(illuminant.spectrum, illuminant.shape) } : undefined;
+    const sceneSpectra = chart ? chart.materials.flatMap((m, index) => {
+        if (m.kind !== "spectrum")
+            return [];
+        const raw = chart.preset === "uniform" ? sceneRecord.reflectance : sceneRecord.patches[index].reflectance;
+        return [{ material: index, spectrum: spectrumDigestForm(raw, m.spectrum) }];
+    }) : [];
+    const sceneDescription = { facadeVersion: SIMULATE_CAPTURE_FACADE_VERSION, scene: chart ? { preset: chart.preset, parameters: chart.parameters } :
+            { kind: callerScene.kind, sceneId: callerScene.sceneId }, illuminant: illuminant.id, illuminanceLux, subjectDistanceM, framedWidthM: 2 * metresPerFrameUnit, aspect,
+        ...(illuminantSpectrum === undefined ? {} : { illuminantSpectrum }), ...(sceneSpectra.length === 0 ? {} : { sceneSpectra }) };
+    if (callerScene)
+        assume("scene.digest", "model", "caller-function-not-hashed", "The source digest covers the caller's sceneId and the framing, not the body of the caller's evaluate function.");
+    const sourceSha256 = await sha256Hex(JSON.stringify(sceneDescription, (_key, value) => (typeof value === "object" && value !== null && "evaluate" in value ? "caller-spectrum" : value)));
+    checkAbort();
+    const provider = buildPlanarSceneRadianceProvider({ scene: chart ?? callerScene, sceneId: IDS.scene, providerProfileId: IDS.provider,
+        illuminant, irradianceScale, geometry: { distanceM: subjectDistanceM, metresPerFrameUnit }, evidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE,
+        limitations: ["Planar Lambertian scene under uniform illumination; no shadows, inter-reflection, gloss or fluorescence."] });
+    assume("model.scene-radiometry", "model", "lambertian-plane", "Radiance = reflectance × irradiance / π on one plane; illuminance from K_m = 683 lm/W and the engine's analytic CIE 1931 ȳ fit.");
+    // Metering (CIPA DC-004 standard output sensitivity and camera equation) and exposure-mode resolution
+    const exposureOptions = allowKeys(top.exposure, "exposure", ["mode", "iso", "shutterSeconds", "compensationStops"]);
+    const mode = pick(exposureOptions, "mode", "exposure.mode", "manual", "Manual exposure.");
+    if (!["manual", "aperture-priority", "shutter-priority", "program"].includes(mode))
+        fail("Unknown exposure mode.");
+    const iso = positive(pick(exposureOptions, "iso", "exposure.iso", DEFAULTS.iso, "ISO 100, the tiers' base ISO."), "exposure.iso");
+    const compensation = exposureOptions.compensationStops === undefined ? DEFAULTS.compensationStops : exposureOptions.compensationStops;
+    if (typeof compensation !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(compensation) || Math.abs(compensation) > 10)
+        fail("exposure.compensationStops must be within ±10.");
+    if (exposureOptions.compensationStops === undefined)
+        assume("exposure.compensationStops", "default", 0, "No exposure compensation.");
+    const reference = { aperture: DEFAULTS.fNumber, shutterSeconds: DEFAULTS.shutterSeconds, iso: DEFAULTS.iso };
+    const referenceLuminance = sosReferenceLuminance(reference.aperture, reference.shutterSeconds, reference.iso);
+    assume("exposure.referenceExposure", "model", { ...reference, meteredLuminanceCdPerSquareMeter: referenceLuminance }, "Exposure anchor: f/8, 1/125 s, ISO 100 gives the CIPA DC-004 standard output sensitivity reference exposure H = 10/S = 0.1 lx·s for an average scene luminance of 10·N²/(0.65·t·S) ≈ 1230.77 cd/m² (camera equation H = 0.65·L·t/N²).");
+    const meterProfile = body.metering[0].profile, zones = 16, zoneSamples = [];
+    let luminanceSum = 0;
+    for (let j = 0; j < zones; j++)
+        for (let i = 0; i < zones; i++) {
+            const u = -1 + (i + 0.5) * 2 / zones, v = aspect - (j + 0.5) * 2 * aspect / zones;
+            const luminance = luminanceOf((nm) => provider.radianceAt(u, v, nm));
+            luminanceSum += luminance;
+            zoneSamples.push({ sampleId: "zone-" + i + "-" + j, positionOrientedCaptureUv: { u: (i + 0.5) / zones, v: (j + 0.5) / zones },
+                relativeLinearSignal: meterProfile.target.targetRelativeSignal * luminance / referenceLuminance, areaWeight: 1 });
+        }
+    const meteredLuminance = luminanceSum / (zones * zones);
+    assume("exposure.metering", "model", { policy: meterProfile.policy.kind, zones: zones * zones }, "The body's " + meterProfile.policy.kind + " meter reads scene luminance on a 16 × 16 zone grid, before the lens (no lens transmission, vignetting or flare).");
+    const meterResult = meterRelativeExposure({ profile: meterProfile, sampleSet: { measurementId: "facade-meter", sceneStateId: IDS.sceneState,
+            inputDomain: "relative-pre-exposure-linear-signal", captureRegion: "oriented-active-capture", captureGeometry: resolvedGeometry,
+            processingState: { exposureSettingsApplied: false, whiteBalanceApplied: false, toneMappingApplied: false, displayGammaApplied: false, sharpeningApplied: false },
+            samples: zoneSamples } });
+    let target = createExposureMeterTargetFromMeteringResult({ targetId: "facade-target", meterResult: meterResult.value });
+    if (compensation !== 0)
+        target = setExposureCompensationOnMeterTarget({ targetId: "facade-target-ec", baseTarget: target, exposureCompensationStops: compensation });
+    let resolution;
+    let fNumber, shutterSeconds;
+    if (mode === "manual" || mode === "aperture-priority") {
+        fNumber = positive(pick(lensOptions, "fNumber", "lens.fNumber", DEFAULTS.fNumber, "f/8."), "lens.fNumber");
+    }
+    else {
+        if (lensOptions.fNumber !== undefined)
+            fail("lens.fNumber is resolved automatically in " + mode + " mode; omit it.");
+        fNumber = NaN;
+    }
+    if (mode === "manual" || mode === "shutter-priority") {
+        shutterSeconds = positive(pick(exposureOptions, "shutterSeconds", "exposure.shutterSeconds", DEFAULTS.shutterSeconds, "1/125 s."), "exposure.shutterSeconds");
+    }
+    else {
+        if (exposureOptions.shutterSeconds !== undefined)
+            fail("exposure.shutterSeconds is resolved automatically in " + mode + " mode; omit it.");
+        shutterSeconds = NaN;
+    }
+    if (mode === "manual") {
+        resolution = resolveManualExposureMode({ target, capabilities, referenceExposure: reference, manualAperture: fNumber, manualShutterSeconds: shutterSeconds,
+            isoControl: { kind: "manual", iso } });
+    }
+    else if (mode === "aperture-priority") {
+        resolution = resolveAperturePriorityExposureMode({ target, capabilities, referenceExposure: reference, manualAperture: fNumber, manualIso: iso,
+            shutterQuantizationPolicy: "nearest-log2-shorter-on-tie" });
+    }
+    else if (mode === "shutter-priority") {
+        resolution = resolveShutterPriorityExposureMode({ target, capabilities, referenceExposure: reference, manualShutterSeconds: shutterSeconds,
+            isoControl: { kind: "manual", iso, apertureQuantizationPolicy: "nearest-log2-narrower-on-tie" } });
+    }
+    else {
+        assume("exposure.programLine", "model", "facade-generic-program-line", "Engine-authored generic program line (f/16 1/2000 s … f/8 1/125 s … f/4 1.024 s); not a manufacturer program.");
+        resolution = resolveProgramAutoExposureMode({ target, capabilities, referenceExposure: reference, programLine: defaultProgramLine(), isoControl: { kind: "manual", iso } });
+    }
+    if (resolution.status !== "resolved" || !resolution.resolvedSettings)
+        fail("Exposure could not be resolved (" + resolution.status + "); the scene may have no signal.");
+    fNumber = resolution.resolvedSettings.aperture ?? fNumber;
+    shutterSeconds = resolution.resolvedSettings.shutterSeconds ?? shutterSeconds;
+    const resolvedIso = resolution.resolvedSettings.iso ?? iso;
+    // Sensor readout for the ISO setting
+    const regimeByChannel = {};
+    for (const channel of CHANNELS) {
+        const asset = body.readout.find((a) => a.profile.channelId === channel) ?? fail("Camera readout lacks channel " + channel + ".");
+        const chain = resolveGenericIsoSignalChain({ profile: body.signalChain, isoCapability: body.iso, requestedIsoSetting: { kind: "standard", exposureIndex: resolvedIso },
+            captureModeId: IDS.mode, readoutProfile: asset.profile });
+        regimeByChannel[channel] = { readoutProfile: asset.profile, regimeId: chain.readout.regime.regimeId };
+    }
+    const baseRegime = body.readout[0].profile.regimes[0];
+    const capacityElectrons = Math.max(...body.readout[0].profile.regimes.map((r) => r.preAdcSaturationElectronEquivalent.value), baseRegime.preAdcSaturationElectronEquivalent.value);
+    assume("sensor.capacityElectrons", "derived", capacityElectrons, "Physical charge capacity set to the body's largest declared pre-ADC saturation (its base-ISO saturation signal), so storage never clips before the declared readout white.");
+    assume("sensor.darkCurrent", "model", { electronsPerSecond: DARK_CURRENT_ELECTRONS_PER_SECOND, temperatureC: OPERATING_TEMPERATURE_C }, "Synthetic uniform dark current of 1 e⁻/s per site at 20 °C (the tier presets declare none); dark shot noise follows from it.");
+    assume("sensor.spectralResponse", "model", { kind: "colorimetric-cmf-eqe", peakScale: EQE_SCALE }, "Idealized colorimetric sensor: channel EQE = a·{x̄, ȳ, z̄}(λ)·555/λ (the engine's analytic CIE 1931 fit), so RAW channels are proportional to CIE XYZ (Luther–Ives) and the camera matrix is diagonal. Not a real camera's response; CMF air wavelengths are used as vacuum wavelengths (difference about 0.03 %).");
+    if (!antiAliasing)
+        assume("sensor.fillFactor", "model", 1, "Square sensitive aperture equal to the pixel pitch; no microlens or anti-aliasing filter.");
+    else {
+        assume("sensor.fillFactor", "model", 1, "Square sensitive aperture equal to the pixel pitch; no microlens.");
+        assume("sensor.antiAliasing", "model", { kind: antiAliasing.kind, ...(antiAliasing.axis ? { axis: antiAliasing.axis } : {}),
+            ...(antiAliasing.separationSites === undefined ? {} : { separationSites: antiAliasing.separationSites, separationMicrometers: antiAliasing.separationSites * pitch }),
+            components: antiAliasing.components }, "Optical low-pass (anti-aliasing) filter as a normalized point-splitting kernel in the sensor optical stack (resolveAntiAliasingSpatialKernel): every site integrates the light that would " +
+            "otherwise land at its centre minus each offset, weighted. " + (antiAliasing.kind === "point-splitting" ? "Caller-declared components. " :
+            "This is the ideal birefringent " + (antiAliasing.kind === "four-spot" ? "two-plate (crossed) splitter: four equal spots at (±d/2, ±d/2), MTF |cos(π·f_x·d)·cos(π·f_y·d)|" :
+                "single-plate splitter: two equal spots at ±d/2 along the " + antiAliasing.axis + " axis, MTF |cos(π·f·d)|") + ", d = " + antiAliasing.separationSites + " site(s); first zero at f = 1/(2d). ") +
+            "Approximations: the split is the same at every wavelength, field point and polarization (birefringence dispersion and the thickness-dependent displacement are not modelled), the spots are exact points with equal weights for unpolarized light, " +
+            "and the filter's transmission, reflections and focus shift are not modelled. Not a measured filter; the tier presets declare none. The scene queries are multiplied by " + antiAliasing.components.length + ".");
+    }
+    // Shutter (2.0): the electronic rolling-shutter schedule derived from the body's rolling readout declaration.
+    let rollingSchedule;
+    if (shutterKind === "rolling") {
+        const declared = body.rollingReadoutTiming?.profile;
+        if (!declared || declared.readoutMode !== "rolling")
+            fail("motion.shutter \"rolling\" needs a camera body with a rolling readout timing declaration.");
+        const readout = rollingSkewOption === undefined ? declared : { ...declared, spatialSamplingSkewSeconds: { value: rollingSkewOption, unit: "s", evidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE } };
+        rollingSchedule = resolveElectronicRollingShutterExposureSchedule({ readout, linkageEvidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE,
+            nominalExposureDurationSeconds: { value: shutterSeconds, unit: "s", evidence: FACADE_EVIDENCE } });
+        assume("sensor.shutter", "model", { kind: "electronic-rolling", modelId: rollingSchedule.modelId, modelVersion: rollingSchedule.modelVersion,
+            lineScanSkewSeconds: rollingSchedule.lineScanSkewSeconds, scanDirection: readout.scanDirectionNative.value }, "Electronic rolling shutter (line reset/read linkage): a site at normalized scan position s integrates over [s·τ, s·τ + T]. " +
+            (rollingSkewOption === undefined ? "τ is the body's declared full-frame data-readout skew, applied unchanged across the simulated frame (it is not scaled to the cropped sensor), so a small frame shows the skew of a full-sensor readout." :
+                "τ is the caller-declared skew across the simulated frame."));
+    }
+    else
+        assume("sensor.shutter", "model", "global-electronic", "Global electronic shutter: every site integrates the same exposure window.");
+    if (rotating)
+        assume("motion.angularVelocityRadPerSec", "model", { ...angular }, "Constant camera angular velocity applied to every scene ray at each temporal midpoint of each site's exposure window (engine rotation convention, docs/SENSOR_ENVIRONMENT_QUERY.md); motion blur is the midpoint quadrature over sensor.temporalSampleCount samples.");
+    if (lensPsf)
+        assume("lens.psf", "model", { kind: "sampled-local" }, "Caller-supplied sampled lens PSF redistributes irradiance through the environment PSF quadrature; its evidence and limits are the caller's.");
+    // With lens.diffraction the PSF is recorded as lens.diffraction once its kernels are built.
+    else if (diffractionRadiusOption === undefined)
+        assume("lens.psf", "model", "not-applied", "No lens PSF or diffraction blur is applied (point optics); the generic tiers' optical data are declared only at f/4.");
+    assume("lens.transmission", "model", lens.matchedReference.transmission, "The tier lens's spectrally flat transmission is used at every f-number and focus in the lens capability; the tier declares it only at its f/4, 5 m reference state.");
+    if (!vignetting && !lensFieldMapping)
+        assume("lens.fieldThroughput", "model", "unity", "No vignetting, distortion, lateral colour or stray light.");
+    else {
+        if (vignetting)
+            assume("lens.vignetting", "model", { kind: "radial-illumination-vignetting", profile: vignetting }, "Caller-declared radial relative illumination 1 + r2·ρ² + r4·ρ⁴ + r6·ρ⁶, applied once as environment field throughput at the physical sensor point before any PSF.");
+        else
+            assume("lens.fieldThroughput", "model", "unity", "No vignetting, lateral colour or stray light.");
+        if (distortion)
+            assume("lens.distortion", "model", distortion, "Caller-declared " + distortion.kind + " distortion: each sensor point is inverse-distorted before the scene-ray query and irradiance is multiplied exactly once by the area factor 1/det(J).");
+    }
+    if (projection === undefined)
+        assume("lens.projection", "default", "rectilinear", "Ideal rectilinear (pinhole) projection.");
+    else
+        assume("lens.projection", "model", projection, "Ideal " + projection + " projection through the environment lens field mapping. At finite focus its scale is the thin-lens image distance (an approximation); the chart is still sized with the rectilinear thin-lens scale, so its edges move with the projection.");
+    // White balance
+    let whiteBalanceState = null, needsAuto = false;
+    if (whiteBalanceOption === "none")
+        whiteBalanceState = null;
+    else if (whiteBalanceOption === "auto")
+        needsAuto = true;
+    else if (whiteBalanceOption === "scene-illuminant") {
+        const xyz = illuminantXyz(illuminant), camera = XYZ_TO_CAMERA.map((row) => row[0] * xyz[0] + row[1] * xyz[1] + row[2] * xyz[2]);
+        whiteBalanceState = resolveCustomWhiteBalance({ stateId: "facade-wb-scene-illuminant", sampleSet: { imageStateId: "facade-white-diffuser",
+                inputDomain: "relative-pre-wb-camera-linear-rgb", samples: [{ sampleId: "white", red: camera[0], green: camera[1], blue: camera[2], weight: 1, clipped: false }] } });
+    }
+    else if (typeof whiteBalanceOption === "object" && whiteBalanceOption !== null && "kelvin" in whiteBalanceOption) {
+        const wb = allowKeys(whiteBalanceOption, "output.whiteBalance", ["kelvin", "tint"]);
+        const intent = createColorTemperatureWhiteBalanceIntent({ intentId: "facade-wb-cct", colorTemperatureKelvin: positive(wb.kelvin, "output.whiteBalance.kelvin"),
+            tint: wb.tint === undefined ? 0 : wb.tint });
+        whiteBalanceState = resolveColorTemperatureWhiteBalance({ stateId: "facade-wb-cct", intent, whiteLocus: "planckian", tintInterpretation: "duv-cie-1960-uv",
+            camera: { profileId: IDS.spectral, profileVersion: SIMULATE_CAPTURE_FACADE_VERSION, xyzToCameraRgb: XYZ_TO_CAMERA.map((r) => [...r]) } });
+    }
+    else if (typeof whiteBalanceOption === "object" && whiteBalanceOption !== null && "channelGains" in whiteBalanceOption) {
+        allowKeys(whiteBalanceOption, "output.whiteBalance", ["channelGains"]);
+        requireInputObject(whiteBalanceOption.channelGains, "output.whiteBalance.channelGains");
+        allowKeys(whiteBalanceOption.channelGains, "output.whiteBalance.channelGains", ["red", "green", "blue"]);
+        whiteBalanceState = resolveManualWhiteBalance({ stateId: "facade-wb-manual", channelGains: whiteBalanceOption.channelGains });
+    }
+    else
+        fail("Unknown output.whiteBalance.");
+    const intentOf = (state) => (state ? createCaptureWhiteBalanceIntent({ state }) : null);
+    const rendering = { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: "facade-sdr", profileVersion: "1", renderingExposureEv: 0, toneCurve,
+        ...(outputOptions.toneCurveParameters === undefined ? {} : { toneCurveParameters: outputOptions.toneCurveParameters }),
+        gamutHandling: "clip-components", outputDynamicRange: "sdr", transferFunction: "srgb", bitDepth: format === "srgb-16" || (format === "png" && !wideGamut && pngBitDepth === 16) ? 16 : 8, rounding: "nearest-ties-up", dither: "none" };
+    if (!linearPath)
+        assume("output.rendering", "model", { renderingExposureEv: 0, gamutHandling: "clip-components" }, "Developed linear sRGB/D65 with the RAW white level mapped to display white, no exposure push, out-of-gamut components clipped.");
+    else
+        assume("output.rendering", "model", { renderingExposureEv: 0, gamutHandling: "clip-components-in-target-gamut", sdrRendererUsed: false }, "The sRGB SDR renderer is not used: the linear development (RAW white level = relative 1.0, no exposure push) is converted to the target encoding; request.development.rendering is validated but only its exposure and tone curve (identity) apply.");
+    // Rendering choices are validated before any radiance work, so a bad tone curve fails fast.
+    parseSdrRenderingProfile(rendering);
+    if (highlightMode !== "clip" && highlightMode !== "reconstruct")
+        fail("output.highlightMode must be clip or reconstruct.");
+    // Frame profiles
+    const evidence = FACADE_EVIDENCE;
+    const nativeRaster = { pixelWidth: nativeWidth, pixelHeight: nativeHeight };
+    const captureModeProfile = { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", modes: [{ modeId: IDS.mode, evidence, acquisition: { kind: "single-frame" },
+                perFrameSampling: { kind: "native-effective-raster" }, reconstructionStages: [], processedImageRaster: { value: nativeRaster, evidence },
+                dependencies: ["color-sampling-model"] }] };
+    const bindingProfile = { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", bindingId: IDS.binding, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa, nativeRaster, evidence,
+        relationship: { kind: "regular-native-effective-sample-blocks", sitesPerNativeSampleX: 1, sitesPerNativeSampleY: 1, anchor: "shared-native-top-left" } };
+    const exposureWindow = rollingSchedule ? createRollingShutterCaptureExposureSchedule(rollingSchedule) :
+        { shutterMechanism: "electronic", nominalExposureDurationSeconds: { value: shutterSeconds, unit: "s", evidence },
+            opening: { kind: "simultaneous" }, closing: { kind: "simultaneous" } };
+    const buildRawInput = (intent) => ({
+        exposure: { captureId: IDS.capture, sceneStateId: IDS.sceneState, sceneTimeSeconds: 0, geometry,
+            exposure: { focalLengthMm, aperture: fNumber, shutterSeconds, iso: resolvedIso }, focus: { kind: "finite", distanceM: focusDistanceM },
+            noise: { seedUint32: noiseSeed, realizationId: "facade-noise", model: { ...SENSOR_RAW_PRODUCER_NOISE_MODEL } },
+            source: { kind: "scene-radiance-source", artifactId: "facade-scene-" + scenePreset, sha256: sourceSha256, dynamicRangeHistory: "no-loss-declared" },
+            whiteBalanceIntent: intent, adoptedWhiteXyz: null,
+            models: [{ profile: { id: "photivra-simulate-capture", version: SIMULATE_CAPTURE_FACADE_VERSION }, scientificStatus: "approximation", publicEvidenceIds: ["photivra:simulate-capture-facade"] }] },
+        frameId: IDS.frame, modeId: IDS.mode, captureModeProfile, colorSamplingProfile, bindingProfile, exposureWindow,
+        maximumOutputBytes: nativeWidth * nativeHeight * 7, tileWidth
+    });
+    const sceneBinding = { sceneStateId: IDS.sceneState, providerSceneId: IDS.scene, evidence };
+    // Shared per-site environment pieces (identical objects for every site keep the native task's shared-state fast path).
+    const range = { ...FACADE_SPECTRAL_RANGE_NANOMETERS };
+    // EQE breakpoints coincide with the quadrature subintervals, so the quadrature is not split further.
+    const eqeSpacing = (range.maximum - range.minimum) / Math.ceil((range.maximum - range.minimum) / spectralStep);
+    const eqeSamples = (channel) => {
+        const out = [];
+        for (let nm = range.minimum; nm <= range.maximum + 1e-9; nm += eqeSpacing)
+            out.push({ nm, value: EQE_SCALE[channel] * estimateCie1931ColorMatchingFunctions(nm)[CMF_KEY[channel]] * 555 / nm });
+        return out;
+    };
+    const operatingConditions = { temperatureC: 25, incidenceAngleDegreesFromNormal: 0, polarization: "unpolarized" };
+    // One single-channel response profile per CFA channel keeps each site's response data small.
+    const spectralResponseProfiles = Object.fromEntries(CHANNELS.map((only) => [only, { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.spectral, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa, evidence,
+            channels: [only].map((channelId) => ({ channelId, kind: "effective-external-quantum-efficiency", responseScope: "sensor-package-incident-effective-channel-response",
+                scientificStatus: "approximation", uncertainty: { kind: "not-quantified", limitation: "Idealized colorimetric response; not a measured sensor." },
+                evidence, referenceConditions: operatingConditions, conditionDependence: "not-modeled", externalQuantumEfficiency: sampled(eqeSamples(channelId)) })) }]));
+    const apertureArea = pitch * pitch;
+    const samplingApertureProfile = { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.sampling, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa, colorSamplingBindingId: IDS.binding, evidence,
+        siteCenterLattice: { kind: "regular-rectangular-site-center-lattice", coordinateSystem: "native-sensor-physical", pitchXMicrometers: pitch, pitchYMicrometers: pitch,
+            firstSiteCenterFromImagingAreaTopLeftMicrometers: { x: pitch / 2, y: pitch / 2 }, evidence },
+        geometricSensitiveAperture: { kind: "uniform-axis-aligned-rectangle", widthMicrometers: pitch, heightMicrometers: pitch, centerOffsetFromSiteCenterMicrometers: { x: 0, y: 0 }, evidence } };
+    const stackId = antiAliasing ? IDS.stackAa : IDS.stack;
+    const opticalStackProfile = antiAliasing ? { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: stackId, evidence, effectiveAntiAliasingSpatialResponse: {
+            kind: "normalized-point-splitting-kernel", evidence, coordinateSystem: "native-sensor-physical", scope: "field-wavelength-polarization-invariant-approximation",
+            components: antiAliasing.components
+        } } : { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.stack, evidence, effectiveAntiAliasingSpatialResponse: { kind: "absent", evidence } };
+    const perChannel = Object.fromEntries(CHANNELS.map((channelId) => [channelId, {
+            applicationProfile: { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: "facade-application-" + channelId, spectralResponseProfileId: IDS.spectral, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa, channelId,
+                samplingApertureProfileId: IDS.sampling, opticalStackProfileId: stackId, evidence, incidentAreaBasis: { kind: "geometric-sensitive-aperture", areaSquareMicrometers: apertureArea },
+                spatialResponseModel: { kind: "uniform-over-geometric-sensitive-aperture", scientificStatus: "approximation", evidence, limitation: "Uniform response over the square aperture." },
+                referenceConditionPolicy: { kind: "exact-match-required" } },
+            operatingRangeProfile: { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: "facade-linearity-" + channelId, responseApplicationProfileId: "facade-application-" + channelId,
+                spectralResponseProfileId: IDS.spectral, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa, channelId, scientificStatus: "approximation",
+                uncertainty: { kind: "not-quantified", limitation: "Declared linear photo response for the idealized sensor." }, evidence,
+                inputRange: { kind: "wavelength-integrated-geometric-aperture-radiant-power", unit: "W", minimumInclusive: 0, maximumInclusive: 1 },
+                wavelengthApplicability: { wavelengthBasis: "vacuum", minimumNanometers: range.minimum, maximumNanometers: range.maximum, containment: "requested-range-must-be-contained" },
+                linearityCriterion: { maximumAbsoluteRelativeDeviation: 0.01 },
+                spatialLinearityModel: { kind: "linear-superposition-over-geometric-aperture", scientificStatus: "approximation", evidence, limitation: "Declared linear superposition." },
+                spectralInputModel: { kind: "per-spectral-bin", maximumBinWidthNanometers: Math.max(spectralStep, 20), scientificStatus: "approximation", evidence, limitation: "Declared per-bin linearity." },
+                referenceConditions: operatingConditions, referenceConditionPolicy: { kind: "exact-match-required" } }
+        }]));
+    const sourcePlane = { value: "sensor-package-incident", evidence };
+    const localExposure = { bindingProfile, exposureWindowInput: { ...exposureWindow, nativeRaster } };
+    const sceneBindings = {
+        illuminationProfile: { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.lights, sceneId: IDS.scene, evidence, sources: [{ sourceId: "illuminant", family: "environment",
+                    enabled: true, geometry: { kind: "environment" }, magnitude: { kind: "relative-linear-scale", scale: 1, scientificStatus: "approximation",
+                        limitation: "Absolute level is carried by the provider radiance (" + illuminanceLux + " lux)." },
+                    spectrum: { kind: "unresolved", limitation: "Spectral radiance is supplied numerically by the provider (" + illuminant.id + ")." },
+                    temporalBehavior: { kind: "time-invariant" }, evidence }] },
+        materialResponseProfile: { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.materials, sceneId: IDS.scene, evidence, materials: [{ materialResponseId: "facade-surface", evidence,
+                    representation: { kind: "spectral-wavelength-preserving-data", dataArtifact: { id: "facade-scene-" + scenePreset, checksumSha256: sourceSha256 },
+                        wavelengthBasis: "vacuum", wavelengthRangeNanometers: range, scatteringModel: "provider-defined-wavelength-preserving", scientificStatus: "approximation",
+                        uncertainty: { kind: "not-quantified", limitation: "Analytic Lambertian reflectance." }, wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled: false, emissionModeled: false } }],
+            fluorescenceModeled: false, volumetricMaterialTransportModeled: false, polarizationModeled: false },
+        providerProfile: { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.provider, sceneId: IDS.scene, illuminationProfileId: IDS.lights, materialResponseProfileId: IDS.materials,
+            outputQuantity: "outgoing-spectral-radiance", outputUnit: "W/m^2/sr/nm", scientificStatus: "approximation",
+            uncertainty: { kind: "not-quantified", limitation: "Analytic planar scene." },
+            fidelity: { spectral: "wavelength-resolved", material: "spectral-data", visibility: "resolved", directTransport: "approximation", indirectTransport: "not-modeled" },
+            wavelengthChangingTransportModeled: false, volumetricTransportModeled: false, polarizationModeled: false, evidence, limitations: ["Engine-authored planar chart or caller scene function.",
+                ...(diffractionObjectSpace ? ["Radiance is the scene radiance convolved with the lens diffraction PSF mapped onto the scene plane (object-space convolution, request.diffraction)."] : [])] }
+    };
+    const lensId = lens.exposure.profileId;
+    const opticsProfile = { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: lensId + ":facade-transmission", profileVersion: SIMULATE_CAPTURE_FACADE_VERSION, lensProfileId: lensId,
+        scientificStatus: "approximation", applicability: { focalLengthMm: { minimum: capabilities.selectedFocalLengthMm, maximum: capabilities.selectedFocalLengthMm },
+            nominalFNumber: { minimum: capabilities.aperture.widestAvailableFNumber, maximum: capabilities.aperture.narrowestAvailableFNumber }, focus: { kind: "any" } },
+        transmission: { kind: "spectral-transmission", scientificStatus: "approximation", wavelengthBasis: "vacuum",
+            samples: { value: [{ wavelengthNanometers: range.minimum, linearTransmissionFactor: lens.matchedReference.transmission },
+                    { wavelengthNanometers: range.maximum, linearTransmissionFactor: lens.matchedReference.transmission }], evidence: preset.evidence },
+            uncertainty: { kind: "not-quantified", limitation: "Synthetic spectrally flat transmission from the tier preset." } },
+        distortionAreaMappingOwnership: "not-applied-by-bridge", psfRedistributionOwnership: "downstream-normalized-energy-redistribution",
+        sensorOpticalStackIncluded: false, strayLightIncluded: false, polarizationModeled: false, wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled: false, volumetricScatteringModeled: false,
+        evidence: preset.evidence, limitations: [...lens.limitations, "Flat transmission applied across the lens capability by the capture facade."] };
+    const optics = { profile: opticsProfile, focalLengthMm, nominalFNumber: fNumber,
+        focus: { kind: "ideal-symmetric-thin-lens", objectDistanceM: focusDistanceM, pupilMagnificationAssumption: "unity" } };
+    const motion = { angularVelocityRadPerSec: angular, timeReference: "first-opening-boundary-phase", environmentDirectionConvention: "outgoing-radiance-toward-camera" };
+    const fieldThroughput = vignetting ? { kind: "radial-illumination-vignetting", profile: vignetting, evidence,
+        limitation: "Caller-declared radial relative illumination applied by the capture facade; not a measured lens." } :
+        { kind: "unity", evidence, limitation: "No vignetting or field throughput loss applied by the facade." };
+    const spectralSamplingByChannel = Object.fromEntries(CHANNELS.map((channelId) => [channelId, { channelId, wavelengthBasis: "vacuum", wavelengthRangeNanometers: range,
+            maximumSubintervalWidthNanometers: spectralStep }]));
+    // Diffraction (2.1): Airy kernels at the resolved f-number on the site pitch, one per spectral node of the sensor quadrature.
+    let diffraction, diffractionPsf;
+    if (diffractionRadiusOption !== undefined) {
+        const wavelengths = [...new Set(CHANNELS.flatMap((channelId) => calculateSensorSpectralQuadrature({ ...spectralSamplingByChannel[channelId], colorSamplingProfile,
+                spectralResponseProfile: spectralResponseProfiles[channelId] }).value.nodes.map((node) => node.wavelengthNanometers)))].sort((a, b) => a - b);
+        const lambdaN = wavelengths[wavelengths.length - 1] / 1000 * fNumber * imageDistanceMm / focalLengthMm;
+        // The environment resolves the PSF at each pre-filter source point, up to the largest split offset outside the imaging area.
+        const aaReachMm = antiAliasing ? Math.max(...antiAliasing.components.map((c) => Math.max(Math.abs(c.offsetMicrometers.x), Math.abs(c.offsetMicrometers.y)))) / 1000 : 0;
+        const kernelRadiusSamples = diffractionRadiusOption ?? Math.min(32, Math.max(1, Math.ceil(AIRY_THIRD_ZERO_PER_LAMBDA_N * lambdaN / pitch)));
+        diffraction = createDiffractionLimitedPsfProfile({ aperture: "circular", focalLengthMm, apertureFNumber: fNumber, focus: { kind: "finite", distanceM: focusDistanceM },
+            wavelengthsNm: wavelengths, samplePitchMicrometers: pitch, kernelRadiusSamples, fieldHalfExtentMm: aaReachMm === 0 ? { x: imagingArea.widthMm / 2, y: imagingArea.heightMm / 2 } :
+                { x: imagingArea.widthMm / 2 + aaReachMm, y: imagingArea.heightMm / 2 + aaReachMm },
+            profileId: "facade-diffraction-airy" }).value;
+        diffractionPsf = { kind: "sampled-local", configuration: { psf: { profile: diffraction.profile, focalLengthMm, focus: { kind: "finite", distanceM: focusDistanceM },
+                    apertureFNumber: fNumber, signedDefocusImagePlaneMicrometers: 0 }, psfWavelengthBasis: { value: "vacuum", evidence },
+                spatialModel: { kind: "destination-local-shift-invariant-approximation", evidence, limitation: "Diffraction-limited Airy PSF, the same at every field point." } } };
+        assume("lens.diffraction", "model", { model: diffraction.model, aperture: "circular-aperture", fNumber, workingFNumber: diffraction.workingFNumber,
+            kernelRadiusSamples, samplePitchMicrometers: pitch, maximumTruncatedEnergyFraction: diffraction.maximumTruncatedEnergyFraction,
+            truncatedEnergyByWavelength: diffraction.wavelengths.map((w) => ({ wavelengthNm: w.wavelengthNm, truncatedEnergyFraction: w.truncatedEnergyFraction })),
+            execution: diffractionObjectSpace ? "object-space-convolution" : "environment-psf-quadrature" }, "Scalar Fraunhofer diffraction of an ideal, aberration-free circular pupil (Airy pattern, createDiffractionLimitedPsfProfile) at the resolved f-number, in focus, with D = f/N and the thin-lens image distance (working f-number N·v/f). " +
+            "One kernel per spectral node, binned into site-sized cells over a " + (2 * kernelRadiusSamples + 1) + " × " + (2 * kernelRadiusSamples + 1) + " window" +
+            (diffractionRadiusOption === null ? " (reaching the third dark ring at the longest node)" : "") + "; the Airy tail energy outside it (listed per wavelength) is put back by unit-sum renormalization. " +
+            (diffractionObjectSpace ? "Applied as an object-space convolution: the scene radiance on the site lattice is convolved once per spectral node (calculateIrradianceConvolution) and the provider answers each site query with it, so the site inputs declare no PSF; this equals the per-tap environment PSF quadrature for this still, distortion-free planar scene (request.diffraction.psf). " :
+                "Applied through the environment PSF quadrature (one scene query per kernel tap), because camera rotation, a lens field mapping or vignetting moves the taps off the site lattice. ") +
+            "No defocus, aberration or pupil clipping; the sensor pixel aperture is still point-sampled at the site centre.");
+    }
+    const psf = lensPsf ?? (diffractionObjectSpace ? { kind: "not-applied", evidence,
+        limitation: "No environment PSF: lens diffraction is applied upstream by the scene provider as an object-space convolution (request.diffraction)." } : undefined) ??
+        diffractionPsf ?? { kind: "not-applied", evidence, limitation: "No lens PSF (point optics)." };
+    const pupilRecord = pupil ? { kind: "ideal-uniform-circular-pupil", radialSampleCount: pupil.radialSamples, angularSampleCount: pupil.angularSamples, evidence,
+        limitation: "Ideal uniform circular pupil; finite ray sampling, no convergence claim." } : undefined;
+    const chargeSamplingProfile = { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.chargeSampling, completenessProfileId: IDS.completeness, scientificStatus: "approximation",
+        photoShotNoiseModel: "poisson", darkShotNoiseModel: "poisson", additionalComponentPolicies: [], evidence, limitations: ["Poisson photo and dark shot noise."] };
+    const channelAt = (x, y) => ["red", "green", "green", "blue"][(y % 2) * 2 + (x % 2)];
+    function siteInput(index) {
+        if (!Number.isSafeInteger(index) || index < 0 || index >= nativeWidth * nativeHeight)
+            fail("Native site index out of range.");
+        const x = index % nativeWidth, y = Math.floor(index / nativeWidth), channel = channelAt(x, y), site = { x, y }, c = perChannel[channel], r = regimeByChannel[channel];
+        const environment = { temporalIntegrationId: IDS.frame + ":native:" + index,
+            sensor: { spatialSampling: { imagingArea, samplingApertureProfile, opticalStackProfile, site, spatialSampleCountX: 1, spatialSampleCountY: 1 },
+                spectralSampling: spectralSamplingByChannel[channel], colorSamplingProfile, spectralResponseProfile: spectralResponseProfiles[channel],
+                responseApplication: { applicationProfile: c.applicationProfile, sourcePlane, operatingConditions }, operatingRangeProfile: c.operatingRangeProfile, localExposure },
+            sceneBindings, optics, motion, temporalSampleCount, fieldThroughput, psf, ...(pupilRecord ? { pupil: pupilRecord } : {}), ...(lensFieldMapping ? { lensFieldMapping } : {}) };
+        // The charge completeness profile must cover the site's own exposure window (shifted by s·τ under a rolling shutter).
+        const window = rollingSchedule ? calculateCaptureExposureWindows({ ...exposureWindow, nativeRaster, samplePointsNative: [{ x: x + 0.5, y: y + 0.5 }] }).value.samples[0] :
+            { startOffsetSecondsFromOpeningReference: 0, endOffsetSecondsFromOpeningReference: shutterSeconds };
+        return { environment, operatingTemperatureC: OPERATING_TEMPERATURE_C,
+            darkCurrentProfile: { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.dark, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa, channelId: channel, scientificStatus: "approximation", evidence,
+                uncertainty: { kind: "not-quantified", limitation: "Synthetic dark current for the capture facade." }, chargeMeaning: "pre-compensation-thermally-generated-electrons",
+                siteApplicability: { kind: "exact-site", site }, temperatureModel: { kind: "fixed-reference-temperature", referenceTemperatureC: OPERATING_TEMPERATURE_C,
+                    darkCurrentElectronsPerSecond: DARK_CURRENT_ELECTRONS_PER_SECOND }, darkCurrentCompensationIncluded: false, spatialDarkCurrentNonuniformityModeled: false },
+            charge: { completenessProfile: { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.completeness, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa, channelId: channel, site, bindingId: IDS.binding,
+                    timeReference: "first-opening-boundary-phase", startOffsetSecondsFromOpeningReference: window.startOffsetSecondsFromOpeningReference,
+                    endOffsetSecondsFromOpeningReference: window.endOffsetSecondsFromOpeningReference,
+                    darkCurrentProfileId: IDS.dark, includedAdditionalComponentIds: [], coverageMeaning: "all-material-stored-electron-contributors-accounted-for",
+                    scientificStatus: "approximation", evidence, limitation: "Photo and dark charge only." } },
+            readout: { samplingProfile: chargeSamplingProfile, capacityProfile: { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.capacity, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa, channelId: channel,
+                    capacityMeaning: "physical-charge-storage-capacity-electrons", capacityElectrons, scientificStatus: "approximation",
+                    uncertainty: { kind: "not-quantified", limitation: "Derived from the tier's declared saturation signal." }, evidence, siteApplicability: { kind: "exact-site", site },
+                    operatingState: { stateId: IDS.operatingState, evidence }, temperatureApplicability: { kind: "exact-reference-temperature", temperatureC: OPERATING_TEMPERATURE_C } },
+                operatingStateId: IDS.operatingState, readoutProfile: r.readoutProfile, regimeId: r.regimeId } };
+    }
+    const readTile = async (request) => ({ ...request, sites: Array.from({ length: request.width }, (_, j) => siteInput(request.y * nativeWidth + request.x + j)) });
+    const yieldControl = createHostYield().yieldControl;
+    const perSite = queriesPerSite * (diffraction && psf === diffractionPsf ? (2 * diffraction.kernelRadiusSamples + 1) ** 2 : 1);
+    let diffractionMs = 0, demosaicMs, encodeMs;
+    const rawProvider = diffraction && diffractionObjectSpace ? createDiffractedPlanarProvider({ base: provider, psf: diffractionPsf.configuration.psf,
+        wavelengthsNm: diffraction.profile.axes.wavelengthNm, kernelRadius: diffraction.kernelRadiusSamples, nativeWidth, nativeHeight, outputWidth: width,
+        sitePitchMicrometers: pitch, distanceM: subjectDistanceM, metresPerFrameUnit, onConvolution: (ms) => { diffractionMs += ms; },
+        // The environment queries each site at its centre minus each split offset (sites, +x right, +y down).
+        ...(antiAliasing ? { queryOffsetsSites: antiAliasing.components.map((c) => ({ x: -c.offsetMicrometers.x / pitch, y: -c.offsetMicrometers.y / pitch })) } : {}) }) : provider;
+    if (antiAliasing && perSite > 100_000)
+        fail("sensor.antiAliasing with these options needs " + perSite + " scene queries per site; the environment admits at most 100000.");
+    const evaluations = nativeWidth * nativeHeight * perSite;
+    // The native task admits at most 100 000 radiance queries per tile.
+    const tileWidth = Math.max(1, Math.min(256, Math.floor(100_000 / perSite)));
+    const environmentRaw = { raw: buildRawInput(intentOf(whiteBalanceState)), sceneBinding,
+        maximumProviderEvaluations: Math.min(2_000_000_000, Math.max(nativeWidth * nativeHeight, evaluations)) };
+    async function runTask(task) {
+        const onAbort = () => task.cancel();
+        signal?.addEventListener("abort", onAbort, { once: true });
+        try {
+            checkAbort();
+            await task.run();
+            checkAbort();
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            task.dispose();
+            if (signal?.aborted)
+                fail("simulateCapture aborted.");
+            throw error;
+        }
+        finally {
+            signal?.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+        }
+    }
+    const rawStarted = Date.now();
+    const plan = calculateNativeRawPlan(environmentRaw.raw);
+    const progress = (stage, total) => {
+        let completed = 0;
+        return () => { completed++; onProgress?.({ stage, completedTileCount: completed, totalTileCount: total }); };
+    };
+    const rawTick = progress("raw", plan.tileCount);
+    const rawTask = createNativeEnvironmentRawTask(environmentRaw, {
+        readTile: async (request) => { const tile = await readTile(request); rawTick(); return tile; },
+        evaluateRadiance: rawProvider.evaluateRadiance, ...(pupil ? { evaluateApertureRadiance: provider.evaluateApertureRadiance } : {}), yieldControl
+    });
+    await runTask(rawTask);
+    let rawOutput = rawTask.takeOutput();
+    const providerEvaluationCount = rawOutput.providerEvaluationCount;
+    const rawMs = Date.now() - rawStarted, wbStarted = Date.now();
+    let finalRawInput = environmentRaw;
+    if (needsAuto) {
+        // Grey-world AWB over pre-WB RAW: black-subtracted, white-normalized channel means of each 2×2 CFA block on a coarse grid.
+        const raw = rawOutput.raw, step = Math.max(2, 2 * Math.floor(Math.sqrt(width * height / 4096) / 1)), samples = [];
+        for (let y = margin - (margin % 2); y + 1 < nativeHeight; y += step)
+            for (let x = margin - (margin % 2); x + 1 < nativeWidth; x += step) {
+                const value = (dx, dy) => { const i = (y + dy) * nativeWidth + x + dx; return (raw.codes[i] - raw.blackLevels[i]) / (raw.effectiveSaturationCodes[dy * 2 + dx] - raw.blackLevels[i]); };
+                let clipped = false;
+                for (const [dx, dy] of [[0, 0], [1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1]])
+                    if (raw.saturationFlags[(y + dy) * nativeWidth + x + dx] !== 0)
+                        clipped = true;
+                samples.push({ sampleId: "block-" + x + "-" + y, red: Math.max(1e-9, value(0, 0)), green: Math.max(1e-9, (value(1, 0) + value(0, 1)) / 2), blue: Math.max(1e-9, value(1, 1)), weight: 1, clipped });
+            }
+        const policy = body.whiteBalance.awbPolicies[0];
+        assume("output.whiteBalance.auto", "model", { policyId: policy.policyId, samples: samples.length }, "Grey-world AWB of the body's " + policy.policyId + " policy over 2×2 CFA block means of the pre-WB RAW; the RAW is then rendered again with that intent (the same radiance queries are repeated).");
+        whiteBalanceState = estimateAutoWhiteBalance({ stateId: "facade-wb-auto", profile: body.whiteBalance, policyId: policy.policyId,
+            sampleSet: { imageStateId: "facade-pre-wb-raw", inputDomain: "relative-pre-wb-camera-linear-rgb", samples } });
+        finalRawInput = { raw: buildRawInput(intentOf(whiteBalanceState)), sceneBinding, maximumProviderEvaluations: environmentRaw.maximumProviderEvaluations };
+        const wbTick = progress("white-balance", plan.tileCount);
+        // A second lean RAW pass with the measured intent. It gives the same RAW as re-running the sensor stage on a
+        // retained optical stage, and is faster: retaining the optical stage takes the first pass off the lean executor.
+        const wbTask = createNativeEnvironmentRawTask(finalRawInput, {
+            readTile: async (request) => { const tile = await readTile(request); wbTick(); return tile; },
+            evaluateRadiance: rawProvider.evaluateRadiance, ...(pupil ? { evaluateApertureRadiance: provider.evaluateApertureRadiance } : {}), yieldControl
+        });
+        await runTask(wbTask);
+        rawOutput = wbTask.takeOutput();
+    }
+    const wbMs = Date.now() - wbStarted, devStarted = Date.now();
+    const colorProfile = { schemaVersion: "0.1.0", profileId: IDS.spectral, profileVersion: SIMULATE_CAPTURE_FACADE_VERSION, colorSamplingProfileId: IDS.cfa,
+        channelIds: ["red", "green", "blue"], scientificStatus: "approximation", referenceIlluminant: "D65", normalizedCameraChannelsToXyz: CAMERA_TO_XYZ,
+        evidence, limitations: ["Diagonal camera→XYZ matrix of the idealized colorimetric (Luther–Ives) sensor; exact up to spectral quadrature."] };
+    const phaseProfiles = builtInDemosaic ? builtInDemosaic.phaseProfiles : bilinearPhaseProfiles();
+    const developmentWhiteBalance = whiteBalanceState ? "apply-resolved-sensor-gains" : "not-required";
+    // DNG (2.0): the packed native RAW itself, before development takes ownership of it.
+    let dng;
+    if (format === "dng") {
+        const noise = Object.fromEntries(CHANNELS.map((channel) => {
+            const resolved = resolveSensorReadoutRegime({ profile: regimeByChannel[channel].readoutProfile, regimeId: regimeByChannel[channel].regimeId });
+            return [channel, { conversionGainElectronsPerCode: resolved.regime.systemConversionGainElectronsPerCode.value / (resolved.regime.adc.digitalGain ?? 1),
+                    readNoiseRmsElectrons: resolved.combinedReadNoiseRmsElectrons }];
+        }));
+        const dngStarted = clockMs();
+        dng = await serializeNativeRawDng({ raw: rawOutput.raw, colorProfile, noise, ...(dngCapturedAtUtc === undefined ? {} : { capturedAtUtc: dngCapturedAtUtc }) });
+        encodeMs = clockMs() - dngStarted;
+        checkAbort();
+        assume("output.dng", "model", { writer: "serializeNativeRawDng", schemaVersion: dng.schemaVersion, whiteLevel: dng.whiteLevel, blackLevels: dng.blackLevels,
+            noiseProfile: dng.noiseProfile, unrepresentedSaturationFlagCount: dng.unrepresentedSaturationFlagCount }, "Lossless uncompressed 16-bit CFA DNG of exactly the packed native RAW codes: per-phase BlackLevel, WhiteLevel = smallest per-phase effective white, ActiveArea and DefaultCrop from the capture geometry, ColorMatrix1/ForwardMatrix1 from the facade's diagonal camera→XYZ profile (D65), AsShotNeutral from the white-balance intent, BaselineExposure 0, and NoiseProfile from each channel's readout regime (conversion gain ÷ digital gain, combined read noise; Poisson + Gaussian + quantization only). No linear master or developed image is declared; saturation flags below WhiteLevel are not representable and are counted.");
+    }
+    // Development
+    const development = { phaseProfiles, colorProfile,
+        whiteBalance: developmentWhiteBalance, rendering, highlightMode, ...(mirrorBorder ? { borderHandling: "mirror" } : {}),
+        maximumRetainedPayloadBytes: plan.outputBytes + width * height * 3 * (rendering.bitDepth / 8) };
+    let developed;
+    let gamutMappingDiagnostics;
+    if (ahd) {
+        let lastYield = Date.now();
+        const linear = await developLinearSrgb({ ...development, raw: rawOutput.raw }, async (completed, total) => {
+            onProgress?.({ stage: "development", completedTileCount: completed, totalTileCount: total });
+            if (Date.now() - lastYield >= 8) {
+                await yieldControl();
+                checkAbort();
+                lastYield = Date.now();
+            }
+        }, { yieldControl: () => yieldControl(), checkAbort, onDemosaicMs: (ms) => { demosaicMs = ms; } });
+        if (!linearPath) {
+            // The native development's SDR kernel, row by row, on the AHD-developed linear sRGB.
+            const maximum = 2 ** rendering.bitDepth - 1, tone = prepareSdrPixelTone(rendering), scratch = new Float64Array(3);
+            const codes = rendering.bitDepth === 8 ? new Uint8Array(width * height * 3) : new Uint16Array(width * height * 3);
+            const counts = { negative: 0, above: 0, changed: 0, low: 0, high: 0, outOfGamut: false };
+            for (let y = 0; y < height; y++)
+                renderSdrRunInto(linear.rgb, y * width * 3, width, rendering, tone, 2 ** rendering.renderingExposureEv, maximum, codes, y * width * 3, scratch, counts);
+            developed = { raw: rawOutput.raw, integerSamples: codes, highlight: linear.highlight, diagnostics: { renderingNegativeSampleCount: counts.negative,
+                    renderingAboveReferenceSampleCount: counts.above, toneChangedSampleCount: counts.changed, gamutClippedLowSampleCount: counts.low,
+                    gamutClippedHighSampleCount: counts.high, captureSaturation: "consumed-in-raw-development" } };
+        }
+        else {
+            const mapping = perceptual ? prepareRgbGamutMapping({ colorSpace: colorEncoding, method: "cielab-hue-preserving-chroma-compression", kneeFraction: PERCEPTUAL_GAMUT_KNEE_FRACTION }) : undefined;
+            const encoded = encodeSdrFromLinear(linear.rgb, colorEncoding, pngBitDepth, mapping);
+            developed = { raw: rawOutput.raw, integerSamples: encoded.samples, highlight: linear.highlight, diagnostics: encoded.diagnostics };
+            if (mapping)
+                gamutMappingDiagnostics = { method: "cielab-hue-preserving-chroma-compression", kneeFraction: PERCEPTUAL_GAMUT_KNEE_FRACTION,
+                    adjustedPixelCount: encoded.adjustedPixelCount, lightnessClippedPixelCount: encoded.lightnessClippedPixelCount };
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!linearPath) {
+        const devTask = createNativeRawDevelopmentTask({ ...development, raw: rawOutput.raw }, { yieldControl,
+            onProgress: (p) => onProgress?.({ stage: "development", completedTileCount: p.completedTileCount, totalTileCount: p.totalTileCount }) });
+        await runTask(devTask);
+        developed = devTask.takeOutput();
+    }
+    else {
+        // Wide gamut: the native development operator up to linear sRGB/D65 (unclipped), then XYZ → target primaries.
+        let lastYield = Date.now();
+        const linear = await developLinearSrgb({ ...development, raw: rawOutput.raw }, async (completed, total) => {
+            onProgress?.({ stage: "development", completedTileCount: completed, totalTileCount: total });
+            if (Date.now() - lastYield >= 8) {
+                await yieldControl();
+                checkAbort();
+                lastYield = Date.now();
+            }
+        });
+        {
+            const mapping = perceptual ? prepareRgbGamutMapping({ colorSpace: colorEncoding, method: "cielab-hue-preserving-chroma-compression", kneeFraction: PERCEPTUAL_GAMUT_KNEE_FRACTION }) : undefined;
+            const encoded = encodeSdrFromLinear(linear.rgb, colorEncoding, pngBitDepth, mapping);
+            developed = { raw: rawOutput.raw, integerSamples: encoded.samples, highlight: linear.highlight, diagnostics: encoded.diagnostics };
+            if (mapping) {
+                gamutMappingDiagnostics = { method: "cielab-hue-preserving-chroma-compression", kneeFraction: PERCEPTUAL_GAMUT_KNEE_FRACTION,
+                    adjustedPixelCount: encoded.adjustedPixelCount, lightnessClippedPixelCount: encoded.lightnessClippedPixelCount };
+                assume("output.gamutMapping", "model", { method: "cielab-hue-preserving-chroma-compression", kneeFraction: PERCEPTUAL_GAMUT_KNEE_FRACTION, colorSpace: colorEncoding }, "prepareRgbGamutMapping: CIELAB L* and hue held, chroma above 90 % of the boundary chroma C_max(L*, h) compressed with a tanh knee so it never reaches C_max (Morovič 2008, §10). In-gamut colours below the knee are unchanged; saturated in-gamut colours above it are desaturated slightly. L* ≥ 100 (above the RAW white) maps to white. CIELAB hue is not perceptually constant for saturated blues, so they can shift toward purple.");
+            }
+            assume("output.colorEncoding.conversion", "model", { from: "linear-srgb-d65 (unclipped)", via: "CIE XYZ", to: colorEncoding, gamutHandling: perceptual ? "cielab-hue-preserving-chroma-compression" : "clip-components",
+                transfer: colorEncoding === "rec2020" ? "bt2020-oetf (= BT.709 OETF)" : "srgb (W3C CSS Color 4)" }, "Developed with the native development operator (demosaic, per-site white-level clip, WB, highlight mode, diagonal camera→XYZ, XYZ→linear sRGB) but before any sRGB clipping, so colours outside sRGB are kept; converted to " +
+                colorEncoding + " through XYZ (matrices from primaries and D65, as in W3C CSS Color 4), " + (perceptual ? "gamut-mapped perceptually (output.gamutMapping)" : "components clipped to [0, 1] in the target gamut") +
+                ", then encoded and rounded to nearest. RAW white maps to display white, as in the sRGB path.");
+        }
+    }
+    const devMs = Date.now() - devStarted, jpegStarted = Date.now();
+    let jpeg;
+    if (format === "jpeg") {
+        const samples = developed.integerSamples;
+        const jpegSha = await sha256Hex(Array.from(samples.subarray(0, Math.min(samples.length, 4096))).join(",") + ":" + samples.length + ":" + sourceSha256);
+        const source = { captureId: IDS.capture, imageStateId: "facade-developed", artifactId: "facade-developed-srgb8", sha256: jpegSha, width, height, encoding: "encoded-srgb-8-rgb" };
+        // The encoder reads every pixel once, in source tiles of at most 256 × 32 aligned to the crop origin.
+        const reads = Math.ceil(height / 32) * Math.ceil(width / 256), jpegTick = progress("jpeg", reads);
+        const jpegTask = createPrintJpegTask({ source, crop: { x: 0, y: 0, width, height }, outputWidth: width, outputHeight: height, quantizationStep: jpegStep,
+            maximumEncodedBytes: Math.max(65536, width * height * 6), maximumProviderReads: reads }, {
+            readTile: async (request) => {
+                jpegTick();
+                const out = new Uint8Array(request.width * request.height * 3);
+                for (let row = 0; row < request.height; row++)
+                    out.set(samples.subarray(((request.y + row) * width + request.x) * 3, ((request.y + row) * width + request.x + request.width) * 3), row * request.width * 3);
+                return { ...request, samples: out };
+            }, yieldControl
+        });
+        const jpegEncodeStarted = clockMs();
+        await runTask(jpegTask);
+        jpeg = jpegTask.takeOutput().bytes;
+        encodeMs = clockMs() - jpegEncodeStarted;
+        assume("output.jpeg", "model", { encoder: "photivra-print-jpeg", iccProfile: "photivra-srgb" }, "Baseline JPEG from the existing print JPEG encoder with an embedded sRGB ICC profile; the source digest covers a sample prefix, length and scene digest.");
+    }
+    const jpegMs = Date.now() - jpegStarted;
+    let png;
+    if (format === "png") {
+        const pngStarted = clockMs();
+        png = serializePngImage({ width, height, bitDepth: pngBitDepth, samples: developed.integerSamples, colourEncoding: pngColourEncoding(colorEncoding) });
+        encodeMs = clockMs() - pngStarted;
+        assume("output.png", "model", { encoder: "serializePngImage", bitDepth: pngBitDepth, colourEncoding: pngColourEncoding(colorEncoding) }, "Deterministic PNG (8/16-bit RGB, in-house zlib) with the colour encoding signalled in the file: the sRGB chunk for sRGB, otherwise a cICP chunk with ITU-T H.273 primaries/transfer code points. No mastering-display (mDCV) or content-light-level (cLLI) metadata is written.");
+    }
+    const ranOptions = new Set([...(pupil ? ["lens.pupilSampling"] : []), ...(projection !== undefined ? ["lens.projection"] : []),
+        ...(distortion ? ["lens.distortion"] : []), ...(vignetting ? ["lens.vignetting"] : []), ...(lensPsf ? ["lens.psf"] : []),
+        ...(diffraction ? ["lens.diffraction"] : []), ...(antiAliasing ? ["sensor.antiAliasing"] : []),
+        ...(temporalSampleCount > 1 ? ["sensor.temporalSampleCount"] : []), ...(rotating ? ["motion.rotation"] : []),
+        ...(rollingSchedule ? ["motion.shutter.rolling"] : []), ...(mirrorBorder ? ["output.borderHandling.mirror"] : []),
+        ...(needsAuto ? ["output.whiteBalance.auto"] : []), ...(ahd ? ["output.demosaic.ahd"] : []),
+        ...(highlightMode === "reconstruct" ? ["output.highlightMode.reconstruct"] : []), ...(wideGamut ? ["output.colorEncoding.wide-gamut"] : []),
+        ...(perceptual ? ["output.gamutMapping.perceptual"] : []), ...(format === "jpeg" || format === "png" || format === "dng" ? ["output.format." + format] : [])]);
+    return Object.freeze({
+        facadeVersion: SIMULATE_CAPTURE_FACADE_VERSION, engineApiVersion: ENGINE_API_VERSION,
+        image: { width, height, format, samples: developed.integerSamples, ...(jpeg ? { jpeg } : {}), ...(png ? { png, colorEncoding: colorEncoding } : {}), ...(dng ? { dng: dng.bytes } : {}) },
+        raw: developed.raw, plan,
+        request: { environmentRaw: finalRawInput, siteInput, development, whiteBalanceState,
+            ...(diffraction ? { diffraction: { profile: diffraction, psf: diffractionPsf, execution: diffractionObjectSpace ? "object-space-convolution" : "environment-psf-quadrature" } } : {}) },
+        exposure: { mode, settings: { fNumber, shutterSeconds, iso: resolvedIso }, ev100: Math.log2(fNumber ** 2 / shutterSeconds),
+            meteredSceneLuminanceCdPerSquareMeter: meteredLuminance, resolution },
+        scene: { sceneId: chart ? "chart:" + chart.preset : callerScene.sceneId, preset: scenePreset, parameters: chart ? chart.parameters : {},
+            illuminant: { id: illuminant.id, description: illuminant.description, illuminanceLux }, distanceM: subjectDistanceM,
+            framedWidthM: 2 * metresPerFrameUnit, framedHeightM: 2 * metresPerFrameUnit * aspect, sourceSha256 },
+        diagnostics: { providerEvaluationCount, highlight: developed.highlight, rendering: developed.diagnostics, ...(gamutMappingDiagnostics ? { gamutMapping: gamutMappingDiagnostics } : {}),
+            timingsMs: { raw: rawMs, whiteBalance: wbMs, development: devMs, jpeg: jpegMs, total: Date.now() - started,
+                ...(diffraction && diffractionObjectSpace ? { diffraction: diffractionMs } : {}), ...(demosaicMs === undefined ? {} : { demosaic: demosaicMs }),
+                ...(encodeMs === undefined ? {} : { encode: encodeMs }) },
+            options: Object.freeze(SIMULATE_CAPTURE_COST_OPTIONS.filter((option) => ranOptions.has(option))) },
+        provenance: { scientificStatus: "approximation", cameraPresetId: preset.presetId, cameraPresetVersion: preset.presetVersion,
+            evidence: [...FACADE_EVIDENCE, ...preset.evidence],
+            composedContracts: ["resolveGenericEquipmentExposureCapabilities", "meterRelativeExposure", "createExposureMeterTargetFromMeteringResult",
+                "resolve" + (mode === "manual" ? "Manual" : mode === "aperture-priority" ? "AperturePriority" : mode === "shutter-priority" ? "ShutterPriority" : "ProgramAuto") + "ExposureMode",
+                ...(rollingSchedule ? ["resolveElectronicRollingShutterExposureSchedule", "createRollingShutterCaptureExposureSchedule"] : []),
+                ...(diffraction ? ["createDiffractionLimitedPsfProfile", ...(diffractionObjectSpace ? ["resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels", "calculateIrradianceConvolution"] : [])] : []),
+                ...(antiAliasing ? ["resolveAntiAliasingSpatialKernel"] : []), "resolveGenericIsoSignalChain", "createNativeEnvironmentRawTask", ...(needsAuto ? ["estimateAutoWhiteBalance"] : []),
+                ...(builtInDemosaic ? ["createBuiltInBayerDemosaicProfiles"] : []), ...(ahd ? ["createAhdDemosaicTask"] : []),
+                ...(ahd ? ["native RAW development operator (colour, after AHD)", ...(linearPath ? ["resolveRgbColorSpace", ...(perceptual ? ["prepareRgbGamutMapping"] : [])] : ["SDR rendering kernel"])] : linearPath ? ["native RAW development operator (linear, pre-clip)", "resolveRgbColorSpace", ...(perceptual ? ["prepareRgbGamutMapping"] : [])] : ["createNativeRawDevelopmentTask"]),
+                ...(jpeg ? ["createPrintJpegTask"] : []), ...(png ? ["serializePngImage"] : []), ...(dng ? ["resolveSensorReadoutRegime", "serializeNativeRawDng"] : [])],
+            limitations: ["Educational approximation: synthetic tier sensor values, idealized colorimetric sensor, planar Lambertian scene and point optics; not a calibrated camera emulation.",
+                "Not offered by the facade: atmospheric haze and polarizers (the scene-radiance provider contract declares no volumetric transport or polarization), flash, video, HDR brackets and processing operators; compose those APIs directly."] },
+        assumptions: Object.freeze(assumptions.map((a) => Object.freeze(a)))
+    });
+}
+/** Chart preset ids accepted by `simulateCapture({ scene: { preset } })`. */
+export const SIMULATE_CAPTURE_CHART_PRESETS = CHART_SCENE_PRESETS;
+//# sourceMappingURL=simulate-capture.js.map