@osmo.inc/cli 0.1.15

package/third-party/npm/mediabunny@1.52.2/source/src/target.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,871 @@
+/*!
+ * Copyright (c) 2026-present, Vanilagy and contributors
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+import type { FileHandle } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import * as nodeAlias from './node';
+import { assert, EventEmitter, FilePath, MaybePromise } from './misc';
+
+const node = typeof nodeAlias !== 'undefined'
+	? nodeAlias // Aliasing it prevents some bundler warnings
+	: undefined!;
+
+/**
+ * The events emitted by a {@link Target}.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export type TargetEvents = {
+	/** Emitted each time data is written to the target. */
+	write: {
+		/** The start of the written range, inclusive. */
+		start: number;
+		/** The end of the written range, exclusive. */
+		end: number;
+	};
+	/** Emitted when the target is finalized. */
+	finalized: void;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Base class for targets, specifying where output files are written.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export abstract class Target extends EventEmitter<TargetEvents> {
+	/** @internal */
+	_writerAcquired = false;
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_monotonicity: boolean | null = null; // null = unknown
+
+	/** @internal */
+	abstract _start(): void;
+	/** @internal */
+	abstract _write(data: Uint8Array, pos: number): void;
+	/** @internal */
+	abstract _flush(): Promise<void>;
+	/** @internal */
+	abstract _finalize(): Promise<void>;
+	/** @internal */
+	abstract _close(): Promise<void>;
+
+	/**
+	 * Called each time data is written to the target. Will be called with the byte range into which data was written.
+	 *
+	 * Use this callback to track the size of the output file as it grows. But be warned, this function is chatty and
+	 * gets called *extremely* often.
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated Use `target.on('write', ({ start, end }) => ...)` instead.
+	 */
+	onwrite: ((start: number, end: number) => unknown) | null = null;
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_setMonotonicity(monotonicity: boolean) {
+		if (this._monotonicity !== false) {
+			this._monotonicity = monotonicity;
+		} else {
+			// Once false, it's locked
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_dispatchWrite(start: number, end: number) {
+		// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+		this.onwrite?.(start, end);
+		this._emit('write', { start, end });
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a new {@link RangedTarget} that writes data to this target using the given offset.
+	 *
+	 * Useful for writing a file into a section of a larger file.
+	 */
+	slice(offset: number) {
+		if (!Number.isInteger(offset) || offset < 0) {
+			throw new TypeError('offset must be a non-negative integer.');
+		}
+
+		return new RangedTarget(this, offset);
+	}
+}
+
+const ARRAY_BUFFER_INITIAL_SIZE = 2 ** 16;
+const ARRAY_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE = 2 ** 32;
+
+/**
+ * Options for {@link BufferTarget}.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export type BufferTargetOptions = {
+	/**
+	 * Called once the target has been finalized, with the complete output buffer. If you return a promise, it will be
+	 * used to apply backpressure internally.
+	 *
+	 * One use for this callback is for uploading to a server where the full buffer must be known before
+	 * sending (e.g. S3 PutObject) and stream-uploading is not an option.
+	 */
+	onFinalize?: (buffer: ArrayBuffer) => MaybePromise<unknown>;
+};
+
+/**
+ * A target that writes data directly into an ArrayBuffer in memory. Great for performance, but not suitable for very
+ * large files. The buffer will be available once the output has been finalized.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export class BufferTarget extends Target {
+	/** Stores the final output buffer. Until the output is finalized, this will be `null`. */
+	buffer: ArrayBuffer | null = null;
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_buffer: ArrayBuffer;
+	/** @internal */
+	_bytes: Uint8Array;
+	/** @internal */
+	_maxPos = 0;
+	/** @internal */
+	_supportsResize: boolean;
+	/** @internal */
+	_options: BufferTargetOptions;
+
+	/** Creates a new {@link BufferTarget}. The buffer holding the data will be created and managed internally. */
+	constructor(options: BufferTargetOptions = {}) {
+		super();
+
+		if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+			throw new TypeError('BufferTarget options, when provided, must be an object.');
+		}
+		if (options.onFinalize !== undefined && typeof options.onFinalize !== 'function') {
+			throw new TypeError('options.onFinalize, when provided, must be a function.');
+		}
+
+		this._options = options;
+
+		this._supportsResize = 'resize' in new ArrayBuffer(0);
+		if (this._supportsResize) {
+			try {
+				// @ts-expect-error Don't want to bump "lib" in tsconfig
+				this._buffer = new ArrayBuffer(ARRAY_BUFFER_INITIAL_SIZE, { maxByteLength: ARRAY_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE });
+			} catch {
+				this._buffer = new ArrayBuffer(ARRAY_BUFFER_INITIAL_SIZE);
+				this._supportsResize = false;
+			}
+		} else {
+			this._buffer = new ArrayBuffer(ARRAY_BUFFER_INITIAL_SIZE);
+		}
+
+		this._bytes = new Uint8Array(this._buffer);
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_ensureSize(size: number) {
+		let newLength = this._buffer.byteLength;
+		while (newLength < size) newLength *= 2;
+
+		if (newLength === this._buffer.byteLength) return;
+
+		if (newLength > ARRAY_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE) {
+			throw new Error(
+				`ArrayBuffer exceeded maximum size of ${ARRAY_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE} bytes. Please consider using another`
+				+ ` target.`,
+			);
+		}
+
+		if (this._supportsResize) {
+			// Use resize if it exists
+			// @ts-expect-error Don't want to bump "lib" in tsconfig
+			// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-call
+			this._buffer.resize(newLength);
+			// The Uint8Array scales automatically
+		} else {
+			const newBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(newLength);
+			const newBytes = new Uint8Array(newBuffer);
+			newBytes.set(this._bytes, 0);
+
+			this._buffer = newBuffer;
+			this._bytes = newBytes;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_start() {}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_write(data: Uint8Array, pos: number) {
+		this._ensureSize(pos + data.byteLength);
+
+		this._bytes.set(data, pos);
+
+		this._maxPos = Math.max(this._maxPos, pos + data.byteLength);
+
+		this._dispatchWrite(pos, pos + data.byteLength);
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _flush() {}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _finalize() {
+		this.buffer = this._buffer.slice(0, this._maxPos);
+
+		if (this._options.onFinalize) {
+			await this._options.onFinalize(this.buffer);
+		}
+
+		this._emit('finalized');
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _close() {}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_getSlice(start: number, end: number) {
+		return this._bytes.slice(start, end);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * A data chunk for {@link StreamTarget}.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export type StreamTargetChunk = {
+	/** The operation type. */
+	type: 'write'; // This ensures automatic compatibility with FileSystemWritableFileStream
+	/** The data to write. */
+	data: Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>;
+	/** The byte offset in the output file at which to write the data. */
+	position: number;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Options for {@link StreamTarget}.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export type StreamTargetOptions = {
+	/**
+	 * When setting this to true, data created by the output will first be accumulated and only written out
+	 * once it has reached sufficient size, using a default chunk size of 16 MiB. This is useful for reducing the total
+	 * amount of writes, at the cost of latency.
+	 */
+	chunked?: boolean;
+	/** When using `chunked: true`, this specifies the maximum size of each chunk. Defaults to 16 MiB. */
+	chunkSize?: number;
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE = 2 ** 24;
+const MAX_CHUNKS_AT_ONCE = 2;
+
+type Chunk = {
+	start: number;
+	written: ChunkSection[];
+	data: Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>;
+	shouldFlush: boolean;
+};
+
+type ChunkSection = {
+	start: number;
+	end: number;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This target writes data to a [`WritableStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WritableStream),
+ * making it a general-purpose target for writing data anywhere. It is also compatible with
+ * [`FileSystemWritableFileStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/FileSystemWritableFileStream) for
+ * use with the [File System Access API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API). The
+ * `WritableStream` can also apply backpressure, which will propagate to the output and throttle the encoders.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export class StreamTarget extends Target {
+	/** @internal */
+	_writable: WritableStream<StreamTargetChunk>;
+	/** @internal */
+	_options: StreamTargetOptions;
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_sections: {
+		data: Uint8Array;
+		start: number;
+	}[] = [];
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_lastWriteEnd = 0;
+	/** @internal */
+	_lastFlushEnd = 0;
+	/** @internal */
+	_streamWriter: WritableStreamDefaultWriter<StreamTargetChunk> | null = null;
+	/** @internal */
+	_writeError: unknown = null;
+
+	// These variables regard chunked mode:
+	/** @internal */
+	_chunked: boolean;
+	/** @internal */
+	_chunkSize: number;
+	/**
+	 * The data is divided up into fixed-size chunks, whose contents are first filled in RAM and then flushed out.
+	 * A chunk is flushed if all of its contents have been written.
+	 */
+	/** @internal */
+	_chunks: Chunk[] = [];
+
+	/** Creates a new {@link StreamTarget} which writes to the specified `writable`. */
+	constructor(
+		writable: WritableStream<StreamTargetChunk>,
+		options: StreamTargetOptions = {},
+	) {
+		super();
+
+		if (!(writable instanceof WritableStream)) {
+			throw new TypeError('StreamTarget requires a WritableStream instance.');
+		}
+		if (options != null && typeof options !== 'object') {
+			throw new TypeError('StreamTarget options, when provided, must be an object.');
+		}
+		if (options.chunked !== undefined && typeof options.chunked !== 'boolean') {
+			throw new TypeError('options.chunked, when provided, must be a boolean.');
+		}
+		if (options.chunkSize !== undefined && (!Number.isInteger(options.chunkSize) || options.chunkSize < 1024)) {
+			throw new TypeError('options.chunkSize, when provided, must be an integer and not smaller than 1024.');
+		}
+
+		this._writable = writable;
+		this._options = options;
+
+		this._chunked = options.chunked ?? false;
+		this._chunkSize = options.chunkSize ?? DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE;
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_start() {
+		this._streamWriter = this._writable.getWriter();
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_write(data: Uint8Array, pos: number) {
+		if (pos > this._lastWriteEnd) {
+			const paddingBytesNeeded = pos - this._lastWriteEnd;
+			this._write(new Uint8Array(paddingBytesNeeded), this._lastWriteEnd);
+		}
+
+		this._sections.push({
+			data: data.slice(),
+			start: pos,
+		});
+
+		this._lastWriteEnd = Math.max(this._lastWriteEnd, pos + data.byteLength);
+
+		this._dispatchWrite(pos, pos + data.byteLength);
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _flush() {
+		if (this._writeError !== null) {
+			// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/only-throw-error
+			throw this._writeError;
+		}
+
+		assert(this._streamWriter);
+
+		if (this._sections.length === 0) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const chunks: {
+			start: number;
+			size: number;
+			data?: Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>;
+		}[] = [];
+		const sorted = [...this._sections].sort((a, b) => a.start - b.start);
+
+		chunks.push({
+			start: sorted[0]!.start,
+			size: sorted[0]!.data.byteLength,
+		});
+
+		// Figure out how many contiguous chunks we have
+		for (let i = 1; i < sorted.length; i++) {
+			const lastChunk = chunks[chunks.length - 1]!;
+			const section = sorted[i]!;
+
+			if (section.start <= lastChunk.start + lastChunk.size) {
+				lastChunk.size = Math.max(lastChunk.size, section.start + section.data.byteLength - lastChunk.start);
+			} else {
+				chunks.push({
+					start: section.start,
+					size: section.data.byteLength,
+				});
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (const chunk of chunks) {
+			chunk.data = new Uint8Array(chunk.size);
+
+			// Make sure to write the data in the correct order for correct overwriting
+			for (const section of this._sections) {
+				// Check if the section is in the chunk
+				if (chunk.start <= section.start && section.start < chunk.start + chunk.size) {
+					chunk.data.set(section.data, section.start - chunk.start);
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (this._streamWriter.desiredSize !== null && this._streamWriter.desiredSize <= 0) {
+				await this._streamWriter.ready; // Allow the writer to apply backpressure
+			}
+
+			if (this._chunked) {
+				// Let's first gather the data into bigger chunks before writing it
+				this._writeDataIntoChunks(chunk.data, chunk.start);
+				this._tryToFlushChunks();
+			} else {
+				if (this._monotonicity === true && chunk.start !== this._lastFlushEnd) {
+					throw new Error('Internal error: Monotonicity violation.');
+				}
+
+				void this._streamWriter.write({
+					type: 'write',
+					data: chunk.data,
+					position: chunk.start,
+				}).catch((error) => {
+					this._writeError ??= error;
+				});
+
+				this._lastFlushEnd = chunk.start + chunk.data.byteLength;
+			}
+		}
+
+		this._sections.length = 0;
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_writeDataIntoChunks(data: Uint8Array, position: number) {
+		// First, find the chunk to write the data into, or create one if none exists
+		let chunkIndex = this._chunks.findIndex(x => x.start <= position && position < x.start + this._chunkSize);
+		if (chunkIndex === -1) chunkIndex = this._createChunk(position);
+		const chunk = this._chunks[chunkIndex]!;
+
+		// Figure out how much to write to the chunk, and then write to the chunk
+		const relativePosition = position - chunk.start;
+		const toWrite = data.subarray(0, Math.min(this._chunkSize - relativePosition, data.byteLength));
+		chunk.data.set(toWrite, relativePosition);
+
+		// Create a section describing the region of data that was just written to
+		const section: ChunkSection = {
+			start: relativePosition,
+			end: relativePosition + toWrite.byteLength,
+		};
+		this._insertSectionIntoChunk(chunk, section);
+
+		// Queue chunk for flushing to target if it has been fully written to
+		if (chunk.written[0]!.start === 0 && chunk.written[0]!.end === this._chunkSize) {
+			chunk.shouldFlush = true;
+		}
+
+		// Make sure we don't hold too many chunks in memory at once to keep memory usage down
+		if (this._chunks.length > MAX_CHUNKS_AT_ONCE) {
+			// Flush all but the last chunk
+			for (let i = 0; i < this._chunks.length - 1; i++) {
+				this._chunks[i]!.shouldFlush = true;
+			}
+			this._tryToFlushChunks();
+		}
+
+		// If the data didn't fit in one chunk, recurse with the remaining data
+		if (toWrite.byteLength < data.byteLength) {
+			this._writeDataIntoChunks(data.subarray(toWrite.byteLength), position + toWrite.byteLength);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_insertSectionIntoChunk(chunk: Chunk, section: ChunkSection) {
+		let low = 0;
+		let high = chunk.written.length - 1;
+		let index = -1;
+
+		// Do a binary search to find the last section with a start not larger than `section`'s start
+		while (low <= high) {
+			const mid = Math.floor(low + (high - low + 1) / 2);
+
+			if (chunk.written[mid]!.start <= section.start) {
+				low = mid + 1;
+				index = mid;
+			} else {
+				high = mid - 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Insert the new section
+		chunk.written.splice(index + 1, 0, section);
+		if (index === -1 || chunk.written[index]!.end < section.start) index++;
+
+		// Merge overlapping sections
+		while (index < chunk.written.length - 1 && chunk.written[index]!.end >= chunk.written[index + 1]!.start) {
+			chunk.written[index]!.end = Math.max(chunk.written[index]!.end, chunk.written[index + 1]!.end);
+			chunk.written.splice(index + 1, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_createChunk(includesPosition: number) {
+		const start = Math.floor(includesPosition / this._chunkSize) * this._chunkSize;
+		const chunk: Chunk = {
+			start,
+			data: new Uint8Array(this._chunkSize),
+			written: [],
+			shouldFlush: false,
+		};
+		this._chunks.push(chunk);
+		this._chunks.sort((a, b) => a.start - b.start);
+
+		return this._chunks.indexOf(chunk);
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_tryToFlushChunks(force = false) {
+		assert(this._streamWriter);
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < this._chunks.length; i++) {
+			const chunk = this._chunks[i]!;
+			if (!chunk.shouldFlush && !force) continue;
+
+			for (const section of chunk.written) {
+				const position = chunk.start + section.start;
+				if (this._monotonicity === true && position !== this._lastFlushEnd) {
+					throw new Error('Internal error: Monotonicity violation.');
+				}
+
+				void this._streamWriter.write({
+					type: 'write',
+					data: chunk.data.subarray(section.start, section.end),
+					position,
+				}).catch((error) => {
+					this._writeError ??= error;
+				});
+
+				this._lastFlushEnd = chunk.start + section.end;
+			}
+
+			this._chunks.splice(i--, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _finalize() {
+		if (this._chunked) {
+			this._tryToFlushChunks(true);
+		}
+
+		if (this._writeError !== null) {
+			// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/only-throw-error
+			throw this._writeError;
+		}
+
+		assert(this._streamWriter);
+		await this._streamWriter.ready;
+		await this._streamWriter.close();
+
+		this._emit('finalized');
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _close() {
+		return this._streamWriter?.close();
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * This target writes to a `WritableStream<Uint8Array>`, meaning all writes are necessarily append-only and involve no
+ * seeking. Great for streaming data to a source that can only accept sequential data, like an HTTP server processing
+ * an incoming upload.
+ *
+ * Note that using this target *requires* that the underlying format write data sequentially. Not all formats do this,
+ * and this target will throw for the formats that don't. Check the guide for more.
+ *
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export class AppendOnlyStreamTarget extends Target {
+	/** @internal */
+	_writable: WritableStream<Uint8Array>;
+	/** @internal */
+	_streamTarget: StreamTarget;
+	/** @internal */
+	_writer: WritableStreamDefaultWriter<Uint8Array> | null = null;
+	/** @internal */
+	_nextWritePos = 0;
+
+	constructor(writable: WritableStream<Uint8Array>) {
+		super();
+
+		this._writable = writable;
+		this._streamTarget = new StreamTarget(new WritableStream({
+			start: () => {
+				this._writer = this._writable.getWriter();
+			},
+			write: (chunk) => {
+				if (this._monotonicity !== true) {
+					throw new Error(
+						'AppendOnlyStreamTarget requires that data be written monotonically (always appended to the'
+						+ ' end). You must use a format that guarantees this behavior.',
+					);
+				}
+
+				assert(chunk.position === this._nextWritePos);
+				this._nextWritePos += chunk.data.byteLength;
+
+				assert(this._writer);
+				return this._writer.write(chunk.data);
+			},
+			close: () => {
+				return this._writer?.close();
+			},
+		}));
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_start(): void {
+		this._streamTarget._start();
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_write(data: Uint8Array, pos: number): void {
+		this._streamTarget._write(data, pos);
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_flush(): Promise<void> {
+		return this._streamTarget._flush();
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_finalize(): Promise<void> {
+		return this._streamTarget._finalize();
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_close(): Promise<void> {
+		return this._streamTarget._close();
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	override _setMonotonicity(monotonicity: boolean): void {
+		super._setMonotonicity(monotonicity);
+		this._streamTarget._setMonotonicity(monotonicity);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for {@link FilePathTarget}.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export type FilePathTargetOptions = StreamTargetOptions;
+
+/**
+ * A target that writes to a file at the specified path. Intended for server-side usage in Node, Bun, or Deno.
+ *
+ * Writing is chunked by default. The internally held file handle will be closed when `.finalize()` or `.cancel()` are
+ * called on the corresponding {@link Output}.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export class FilePathTarget extends Target {
+	/** @internal */
+	_streamTarget: StreamTarget;
+	/** @internal */
+	_fileHandle: FileHandle | null = null;
+
+	/** Creates a new {@link FilePathTarget} that writes to the file at the specified file path. */
+	constructor(filePath: string, options: FilePathTargetOptions = {}) {
+		if (typeof filePath !== 'string') {
+			throw new TypeError('filePath must be a string.');
+		}
+		if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+			throw new TypeError('options must be an object.');
+		}
+
+		if (!node.fs) {
+			throw new Error(
+				'FilePathTarget is only available in server-side environments (Node.js, Bun, Deno).',
+			);
+		}
+
+		super();
+
+		// Let's back this target with a StreamTarget, makes the implementation very simple
+		const writable = new WritableStream<StreamTargetChunk>({
+			start: async () => {
+				this._fileHandle = await node.fs.open(filePath, 'w');
+			},
+			write: async (chunk) => {
+				assert(this._fileHandle);
+				await this._fileHandle.write(chunk.data, 0, chunk.data.byteLength, chunk.position);
+			},
+			close: async () => {
+				if (this._fileHandle) {
+					await this._fileHandle.close();
+					this._fileHandle = null;
+				}
+			},
+		});
+
+		this._streamTarget = new StreamTarget(writable, {
+			chunked: true,
+			...options,
+		});
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_start() {
+		this._streamTarget._start();
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_write(data: Uint8Array, pos: number) {
+		this._streamTarget._write(data, pos);
+		this._dispatchWrite(pos, pos + data.byteLength);
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _flush() {
+		return this._streamTarget._flush();
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _finalize() {
+		await this._streamTarget._finalize();
+		this._emit('finalized');
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _close() {
+		return this._streamTarget._close();
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	override _setMonotonicity(monotonicity: boolean): void {
+		super._setMonotonicity(monotonicity);
+		this._streamTarget._setMonotonicity(monotonicity);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * This target just discards all incoming data. It is useful for when you need an {@link Output} but extract data from
+ * it differently, for example through format-specific callbacks (`onMoof`, `onMdat`, ...) or encoder events.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export class NullTarget extends Target {
+	/** @internal */
+	_start() {}
+
+	/** @internal */
+
+	_write(data: Uint8Array, pos: number) {
+		this._dispatchWrite(pos, pos + data.byteLength);
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _flush() {}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _finalize() {
+		this._emit('finalized');
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _close() {}
+}
+
+/**
+ * A target that writes to a subrange (defined by an offset) of another, underlying target. Useful for writing a file
+ * into a section of a larger file.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export class RangedTarget extends Target {
+	/** @internal */
+	_baseTarget: Target;
+	/** @internal */
+	_offset: number;
+
+	/** @internal */
+	constructor(baseTarget: Target, offset: number) {
+		super();
+
+		this._baseTarget = baseTarget;
+		this._offset = offset;
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_start() {}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_write(data: Uint8Array, pos: number): void {
+		this._baseTarget._write(data, this._offset + pos);
+		this._dispatchWrite(pos, pos + data.byteLength);
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	_flush() {
+		return this._baseTarget._flush();
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _finalize() {
+		this._emit('finalized');
+	}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	async _close() {}
+
+	/** @internal */
+	override _setMonotonicity(monotonicity: boolean): void {
+		super._setMonotonicity(monotonicity);
+		this._baseTarget._setMonotonicity(monotonicity);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * A special target for writing multi-file media where each file is uniquely identified by a path.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export class PathedTarget<T extends Target> {
+	/** Creates a new {@link PathedTarget} from a root path and a callback. */
+	constructor(
+		/** The path that points to the root file; the entry file of the media. */
+		public readonly rootPath: FilePath,
+		/** The callback that is called for each file that needs to be written; must return a {@link Target}. */
+		public readonly getTarget: (request: TargetRequest) => MaybePromise<T>,
+	) {
+		if (typeof rootPath !== 'string') {
+			throw new TypeError('rootPath must be a string.');
+		}
+		if (typeof getTarget !== 'function') {
+			throw new TypeError('getTarget must be a function.');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * A request for a {@link Target} at the given path.
+ * @group Output targets
+ * @public
+ */
+export type TargetRequest = {
+	/** The requested file path. */
+	path: FilePath;
+	/** Whether the to-be-written file will be the root file. */
+	isRoot: boolean;
+	/** The MIME type of the to-be-written file. */
+	mimeType: string;
+};