@oneuptime/common 14.0.2 → 14.0.5

package/Tests/Types/DatabaseServer/DatabaseEndpoint.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2657 @@
+import {
+  buildDatabaseCallerContext,
+  buildDatabaseServerDisplayName,
+  buildDatabaseServerIdentifier,
+  buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases,
+  buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier,
+  canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint,
+  DATABASE_INSTANCE_ATTRIBUTES,
+  DatabaseCallerContext,
+  DatabaseEndpoint,
+  DatabaseEndpointPurpose,
+  formatDatabaseEndpoint,
+  getDatabaseClusterHost,
+  getDatabaseEndpointScope,
+  isClusterScopedDatabaseHost,
+  isEphemeralCaller,
+  isHostRelativeDatabaseHost,
+  isIpLiteralHost,
+  isKubernetesDatabaseCaller,
+  isKubernetesServiceDnsHost,
+  isLinkLocalIpHost,
+  isLoopbackDatabaseHost,
+  isPrivateIpHost,
+  ManualDatabaseEndpoint,
+  NETWORK_SCOPED_NAME_SUFFIXES,
+  parseDatabaseEndpointString,
+  parseHostAndPort,
+  parseHostAndPortList,
+  ParsedHostAndPort,
+  parseManualDatabaseEndpoint,
+  readDatabaseInstanceName,
+  splitDatabaseHostInstance,
+} from "../../../Types/DatabaseServer/DatabaseEndpoint";
+import { DATABASE_SYSTEMS } from "../../../Types/DatabaseServer/DatabaseSystem";
+import { keyForDatabaseEndpoint } from "../../../Utils/Telemetry/EntityKey";
+import { describe, expect, test } from "@jest/globals";
+
+/*
+ * The endpoint rules decide which telemetry lands on which database page.
+ * A wrong merge shows one database's queries on another's page; a wrong
+ * split leaves a page dark. Every rule of SPEC §2.3 is pinned here.
+ */
+
+const VM_CALLER: DatabaseCallerContext = {
+  hostName: "app-7.corp.example",
+  isEphemeral: false,
+};
+
+const K8S_CALLER: DatabaseCallerContext = {
+  kubernetesNamespace: "shop",
+  kubernetesClusterName: "prod-eu",
+  hostName: "checkout-7d9f-abcde",
+  isEphemeral: true,
+};
+
+const NO_CONTEXT: DatabaseCallerContext = { isEphemeral: true };
+
+function canonical(
+  address: string | null | undefined,
+  options: {
+    system?: string;
+    port?: string | number | null;
+    caller?: DatabaseCallerContext;
+    purpose?: DatabaseEndpointPurpose;
+  } = {},
+): DatabaseEndpoint | null {
+  return canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint({
+    system: options.system ?? "postgresql",
+    address,
+    port: options.port,
+    caller: options.caller ?? NO_CONTEXT,
+    purpose: options.purpose ?? "client-call",
+  });
+}
+
+describe("parseHostAndPort — accepted shapes", () => {
+  test.each([
+    ["db.prod.example.com", "db.prod.example.com", null],
+    ["db.prod.example.com:6543", "db.prod.example.com", 6543],
+    ["  DB.Prod.Example.COM.  ", "db.prod.example.com", null],
+    ["db.prod.example.com.:5432", "db.prod.example.com", 5432],
+    ["10.0.0.5", "10.0.0.5", null],
+    ["10.0.0.5:5432", "10.0.0.5", 5432],
+    ["010.000.000.005", "10.0.0.5", null],
+    ["pg_primary", "pg_primary", null],
+    ["postgres", "postgres", null],
+  ])("%s → host %s port %s", (raw: string, host: string, port: unknown) => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(raw)).toEqual({ host, port });
+  });
+
+  test("URL forms: scheme, userinfo, path and query are stripped", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseHostAndPort("postgres://app:secret@db.prod:5432/orders"),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "db.prod", port: 5432 });
+    expect(
+      parseHostAndPort("postgresql://db.prod:5432/orders?sslmode=require"),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "db.prod", port: 5432 });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("redis://cache.prod#frag")).toEqual({
+      host: "cache.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(
+      parseHostAndPort("mongodb+srv://cluster0.abc.mongodb.net/app"),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "cluster0.abc.mongodb.net", port: null });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("jdbc:postgresql://db.prod:5433/app")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 5433,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("URL userinfo splits on the LAST @ before the first /", () => {
+    // A password containing "@" must not leak into the host.
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("mysql://app:p@ss@w0rd@db.prod:3306/x")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 3306,
+    });
+    // An "@" after the authority is path, not userinfo.
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("mysql://db.prod:3306/x@y")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 3306,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("userinfo is only recognised in URL forms", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("admin@db:5432")).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test("JDBC ;key=value properties are not part of the address", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseHostAndPort(
+        "jdbc:sqlserver://sql.prod:1433;databaseName=orders;encrypt=true",
+      ),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "sql.prod", port: 1433 });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("sql.prod:1433;encrypt=true")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: 1433,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("a host list keeps its first host in canonical order", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseHostAndPort("mongodb://m1.prod:27017,m2.prod:27017/app"),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "m1.prod", port: 27017 });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("m1.prod:27018,m2.prod:27017")).toEqual({
+      host: "m1.prod",
+      port: 27018,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("non-URL values drop a path and query", () => {
+    // Oracle's service.instance.id shape: host:port/service.
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("ora.prod:1521/ORCLPDB1")).toEqual({
+      host: "ora.prod",
+      port: 1521,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("db.prod:5432?x=1")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("SQL Server forms", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("tcp:sql.prod,1433")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: 1433,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("TCP:sql.prod")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("sql.prod,14330")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: 14330,
+    });
+    // The named instance is returned beside the host, lowercased.
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("sql.prod\\SQLEXPRESS")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: null,
+      instance: "sqlexpress",
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("sql.prod\\SQLEXPRESS,1434")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: 1434,
+      instance: "sqlexpress",
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("sql.prod\\SQLEXPRESS:1435")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: 1435,
+      instance: "sqlexpress",
+    });
+    // MSSQLSERVER is the default instance: no instance at all.
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("sql.prod\\MSSQLSERVER")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("sql.prod\\")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("a SQL Server instance that is not a valid instance name rejects the value", () => {
+    for (const raw of [
+      "sql.prod\\[REDACTED]",
+      "sql.prod\\SQL EXPRESS",
+      "sql.prod\\averyveryverylonginstance",
+      "sql.prod\\inst:abc",
+    ]) {
+      expect(parseHostAndPort(raw)).toBeNull();
+    }
+    // "#" ends an address (a URL fragment), so it never reaches an instance.
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("sql.prod\\inst#1")).toEqual({
+      host: "sql.prod",
+      port: null,
+      instance: "inst",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("a host literally named tcp keeps its port", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("tcp:5432")).toEqual({ host: "tcp", port: 5432 });
+  });
+
+  test("SQL Server local-machine spellings become localhost", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("(local)")).toEqual({
+      host: "localhost",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("(LOCAL)\\SQLEXPRESS")).toEqual({
+      host: "localhost",
+      port: null,
+      instance: "sqlexpress",
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(".")).toEqual({ host: "localhost", port: null });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(".\\SQLEXPRESS,1433")).toEqual({
+      host: "localhost",
+      port: 1433,
+      instance: "sqlexpress",
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("(localdb)\\MSSQLLocalDB")).toEqual({
+      host: "localhost",
+      port: null,
+      instance: "mssqllocaldb",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("IPv6: brackets, bare, zone id, compression, case", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("[fd00::5]:5432")).toEqual({
+      host: "fd00::5",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("[FD00:0:0:0:0:0:0:5]")).toEqual({
+      host: "fd00::5",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("fd00:0000:0000::0005")).toEqual({
+      host: "fd00::5",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("fe80::1%eth0")).toEqual({
+      host: "fe80::1",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("[fe80::1%25eth0]:6379")).toEqual({
+      host: "fe80::1",
+      port: 6379,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("2001:db8:0:0:1:0:0:1")).toEqual({
+      host: "2001:db8::1:0:0:1",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("::1")).toEqual({ host: "::1", port: null });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("::")).toEqual({ host: "::", port: null });
+  });
+
+  test("IPv4-mapped IPv6 is unwrapped to IPv4 (dotted and hex tails)", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("::ffff:10.0.0.5")).toEqual({
+      host: "10.0.0.5",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("[::ffff:10.0.0.5]:5432")).toEqual({
+      host: "10.0.0.5",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("::FFFF:7f00:1")).toEqual({
+      host: "127.0.0.1",
+      port: null,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("ports outside 1..65535 are dropped, not the host", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("db.prod:0")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("db.prod:65536")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("db.prod:65535")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 65535,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("db.prod:")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("[fd00::1]:")).toEqual({
+      host: "fd00::1",
+      port: null,
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe("parseHostAndPort — rejected values", () => {
+  test.each([
+    // Built-in trace scrub outputs.
+    ["[REDACTED]"],
+    ["[redacted]:5432"],
+    ["[HASHED:ab12cd34]"],
+    ["[HASHED:ab]"],
+    ["***.***.***.***"],
+    ["***.***.***.***:5432"],
+    // Garbage.
+    ["*"],
+    [""],
+    ["   "],
+    ["db prod"],
+    ["db\tprod"],
+    ["(db)"],
+    ["db!.prod"],
+    ["hashed:ab12cd"],
+    ["db.prod:abc"],
+    // Unix socket paths.
+    ["/var/run/postgresql"],
+    ["/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"],
+    // Mangled addresses.
+    ["999.1.1.1"],
+    ["1.2.3"],
+    ["12345"],
+    ["[fd00::1"],
+    ["[fd00::1]5432"],
+    ["fd00:::1"],
+    ["1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9"],
+    [":5432"],
+  ])("%j → null", (raw: string) => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(raw)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test("labels and total length follow RFC 1123 limits", () => {
+    const label63: string = "a".repeat(63);
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(`${label63}.example.com`)?.host).toBe(
+      `${label63}.example.com`,
+    );
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(`${"a".repeat(64)}.example.com`)).toBeNull();
+
+    const long: string = `${Array(64).fill("abc").join(".")}.com`; // 259 chars
+    expect(long.length).toBeGreaterThan(253);
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(long)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test("non-strings are null", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(null)).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(undefined)).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(5432)).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseHostAndPort({ host: "db" })).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("host classification", () => {
+  test("isIpLiteralHost", () => {
+    expect(isIpLiteralHost("10.0.0.5")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isIpLiteralHost("fd00::1")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isIpLiteralHost("[fd00::1]")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isIpLiteralHost("db.prod")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isIpLiteralHost("1.2.3")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isIpLiteralHost("")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test("isLoopbackDatabaseHost", () => {
+    for (const host of [
+      "localhost",
+      "LOCALHOST",
+      "api.localhost",
+      "127.0.0.1",
+      "127.1.2.3",
+      "::1",
+      "::",
+      "0.0.0.0",
+      "::ffff:127.0.0.1",
+      "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1",
+      "(local)",
+      ".",
+      // The /etc/hosts aliases distributions give the loopback address.
+      "localhost.localdomain",
+      "LOCALHOST.LOCALDOMAIN.",
+      "localhost4",
+      "localhost6",
+      "localhost6.localdomain6",
+      "ip6-localhost",
+      "ip6-loopback",
+      "localhost.",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isLoopbackDatabaseHost(host)).toBe(true);
+    }
+    for (const host of ["db.prod", "10.0.0.5", "128.0.0.1", "localhost.corp"]) {
+      expect(isLoopbackDatabaseHost(host)).toBe(false);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("isHostRelativeDatabaseHost", () => {
+    for (const host of [
+      "host.docker.internal",
+      "HOST.DOCKER.INTERNAL.",
+      "host.containers.internal",
+      "gateway.docker.internal",
+      "docker.for.mac.localhost",
+      "kubernetes.docker.internal",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isHostRelativeDatabaseHost(host)).toBe(true);
+    }
+    expect(isHostRelativeDatabaseHost("db.internal")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test("isPrivateIpHost covers RFC 1918, CGNAT and ULA only", () => {
+    for (const host of [
+      "10.0.0.1",
+      "10.255.255.255",
+      "172.16.0.1",
+      "172.31.255.255",
+      "192.168.1.1",
+      "100.64.0.1",
+      "100.127.255.255",
+      "fc00::1",
+      "fd12:3456::1",
+      "[fd00::1]",
+      "::ffff:10.1.2.3",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isPrivateIpHost(host)).toBe(true);
+    }
+    for (const host of [
+      "172.15.0.1",
+      "172.32.0.1",
+      "192.169.0.1",
+      "100.63.255.255",
+      "100.128.0.1",
+      "8.8.8.8",
+      "2001:db8::1",
+      "fe80::1",
+      "db.prod",
+      "10.0.0",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isPrivateIpHost(host)).toBe(false);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe("isEphemeralCaller / buildDatabaseCallerContext", () => {
+  const VM: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    "host.name": "app-7",
+    "os.type": "linux",
+  };
+
+  test("a VM with os.type is a stable machine", () => {
+    expect(isEphemeralCaller(VM)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test.each([
+    ["k8s.pod.name", "checkout-7d9f"],
+    ["k8s.namespace.name", "shop"],
+    ["k8s.cluster.name", "prod"],
+    ["k8s.node.name", "node-1"],
+    ["container.id", "0123456789ab"],
+    ["container.runtime", "docker"],
+    ["faas.name", "resize-image"],
+    ["faas.instance", "2021/06/28/[$LATEST]abc"],
+  ])("%s marks the caller ephemeral", (key: string, value: string) => {
+    expect(isEphemeralCaller({ ...VM, [key]: value })).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test.each([
+    "aws_ecs",
+    "aws_lambda",
+    "aws_app_runner",
+    "gcp_cloud_run",
+    "gcp_cloud_functions",
+    "gcp_app_engine",
+    "azure_container_apps",
+    "azure_container_instances",
+    "azure_functions",
+  ])("cloud.platform %s marks the caller ephemeral", (platform: string) => {
+    expect(isEphemeralCaller({ ...VM, "cloud.platform": platform })).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("an EC2 / GCE VM stays stable", () => {
+    expect(isEphemeralCaller({ ...VM, "cloud.platform": "aws_ec2" })).toBe(
+      false,
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("no os.type → ephemeral (no system detector ran)", () => {
+    expect(isEphemeralCaller({ "host.name": "app-7" })).toBe(true);
+    expect(isEphemeralCaller({ "host.name": "app-7", "os.type": "  " })).toBe(
+      true,
+    );
+    expect(isEphemeralCaller({})).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("blank identity attributes do not count", () => {
+    expect(isEphemeralCaller({ ...VM, "k8s.pod.name": "  " })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEphemeralCaller({ ...VM, "container.id": "" })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test("the stored resource.-prefixed spelling is honoured", () => {
+    expect(
+      isEphemeralCaller({
+        "resource.host.name": "app-7",
+        "resource.os.type": "linux",
+      }),
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      isEphemeralCaller({
+        "resource.os.type": "linux",
+        "resource.k8s.pod.name": "p",
+      }),
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      isEphemeralCaller({
+        "resource.os.type": "linux",
+        "resource.faas.name": "f",
+      }),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("buildDatabaseCallerContext reads namespace, cluster and host", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseCallerContext({
+        "k8s.namespace.name": " shop ",
+        "k8s.cluster.name": "prod-eu",
+        "host.name": "checkout-7d9f",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      kubernetesNamespace: "shop",
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod-eu",
+      hostName: "checkout-7d9f",
+      isEphemeral: true,
+    });
+    expect(buildDatabaseCallerContext(VM)).toEqual({
+      kubernetesNamespace: null,
+      kubernetesClusterName: null,
+      hostName: "app-7",
+      isEphemeral: false,
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe("canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint — rule 1 (parse + port)", () => {
+  test("the engine default port is applied when none is given", () => {
+    expect(canonical("db.prod")).toEqual({ host: "db.prod", port: 5432 });
+    expect(canonical("cache.prod", { system: "redis" })).toEqual({
+      host: "cache.prod",
+      port: 6379,
+    });
+    expect(canonical("db.prod", { system: "postgres" })).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("an explicit port wins over the address port and the default", () => {
+    expect(canonical("db.prod:6543", { port: 5433 })).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 5433,
+    });
+    expect(canonical("db.prod", { port: "6543" })).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 6543,
+    });
+    expect(canonical("db.prod:6543")).toEqual({ host: "db.prod", port: 6543 });
+  });
+
+  test("an invalid explicit port falls back", () => {
+    expect(canonical("db.prod:6543", { port: "abc" })).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 6543,
+    });
+    expect(canonical("db.prod", { port: 0 })).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+    expect(canonical("db.prod", { port: 5432.5 })).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("an unknown engine without a port keeps port null", () => {
+    expect(canonical("db.prod", { system: "acmedb" })).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(canonical("db.prod", { system: "" })).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("unparseable addresses are null", () => {
+    expect(canonical(null)).toBeNull();
+    expect(canonical(undefined)).toBeNull();
+    expect(canonical("[REDACTED]")).toBeNull();
+    expect(canonical("***.***.***.***")).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint — rule 2 (loopback + host-relative)", () => {
+  const LOOPBACKS: Array<string> = [
+    "localhost",
+    "localhost:5432",
+    "127.0.0.1",
+    "::1",
+    "[::1]:5432",
+    "::",
+    "0.0.0.0",
+    "::ffff:127.0.0.1",
+    "(local)",
+    ".",
+    "db.localhost",
+    "localhost.localdomain",
+    "ip6-localhost",
+  ];
+  const HOST_RELATIVE: Array<string> = [
+    "host.docker.internal",
+    "host.containers.internal",
+    "gateway.docker.internal",
+    "docker.for.mac.localhost",
+    "kubernetes.docker.internal",
+  ];
+
+  test.each([...LOOPBACKS, ...HOST_RELATIVE])(
+    "client-call: %s is never an identity, whoever the caller is",
+    (address: string) => {
+      expect(canonical(address, { caller: VM_CALLER })).toBeNull();
+      expect(canonical(address, { caller: K8S_CALLER })).toBeNull();
+      expect(canonical(address, { caller: NO_CONTEXT })).toBeNull();
+    },
+  );
+
+  test.each([...LOOPBACKS, ...HOST_RELATIVE])(
+    "collector on a stable VM: %s is the VM's own host",
+    (address: string) => {
+      expect(
+        canonical(address, { caller: VM_CALLER, purpose: "collector" }),
+      ).toEqual({ host: "app-7.corp.example", port: 5432 });
+    },
+  );
+
+  test("collector: the address port survives the rewrite", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("localhost:6543", { caller: VM_CALLER, purpose: "collector" }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "app-7.corp.example", port: 6543 });
+  });
+
+  test("collector: an ephemeral collector's loopback is null", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("localhost", { caller: K8S_CALLER, purpose: "collector" }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      canonical("127.0.0.1", {
+        caller: { hostName: "3f9a1b2c4d5e", isEphemeral: true },
+        purpose: "collector",
+      }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test("collector: no host.name, or a loopback host.name, is null", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("localhost", {
+        caller: { isEphemeral: false },
+        purpose: "collector",
+      }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      canonical("localhost", {
+        caller: { hostName: "localhost", isEphemeral: false },
+        purpose: "collector",
+      }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      canonical("localhost", {
+        caller: { hostName: "[REDACTED]", isEphemeral: false },
+        purpose: "collector",
+      }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test("collector: the rewritten host is canonicalized", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("localhost", {
+        caller: { hostName: "  DB-1.Corp. ", isEphemeral: false },
+        purpose: "collector",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "db-1.corp", port: 5432 });
+  });
+
+  test("a non-loopback address is unaffected by the purpose", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("db.prod", { caller: VM_CALLER, purpose: "collector" }),
+    ).toEqual(canonical("db.prod", { caller: VM_CALLER }));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint — rule 3 (Kubernetes DNS)", () => {
+  test.each([
+    ["pg.shop.svc", "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local"],
+    ["pg.shop.svc.cluster.local", "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local"],
+    ["pg.shop.svc.cluster.local.", "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local"],
+    ["pg.shop.svc.corp.k8s", "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local"],
+    ["PG.Shop.SVC", "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local"],
+    // A StatefulSet member behind a headless Service.
+    ["pg-0.pg-hl.shop.svc", "pg-0.pg-hl.shop.svc.cluster.local"],
+    ["pg-0.pg-hl.shop.svc.corp.k8s", "pg-0.pg-hl.shop.svc.cluster.local"],
+  ])("%s → %s", (address: string, host: string) => {
+    expect(canonical(address, { caller: NO_CONTEXT })?.host).toBe(host);
+  });
+
+  test("a single-label name expands with the caller's namespace", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("pg", {
+        caller: { kubernetesNamespace: "Shop", isEphemeral: true },
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local", port: 5432 });
+  });
+
+  test("a single-label name without a namespace stays as is", () => {
+    expect(canonical("pg", { caller: VM_CALLER })).toEqual({
+      host: "pg",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("an invalid namespace does not produce a bogus FQDN", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("pg", {
+        caller: { kubernetesNamespace: "not a namespace", isEphemeral: true },
+      })?.host,
+    ).toBe("pg");
+  });
+
+  test("a two-label name from a Kubernetes caller is <service>.<namespace>", () => {
+    // A pod's resolver search path turns `pg.shop` into the Service FQDN.
+    expect(canonical("pg.shop", { caller: K8S_CALLER })).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod-eu",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("a two-label name from anything else is a domain and left alone", () => {
+    expect(canonical("pg.shop", { caller: VM_CALLER })).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.shop",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+    expect(canonical("pg.shop", { caller: NO_CONTEXT })).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.shop",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("IP literals are never expanded", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("fd00::1", {
+        caller: { kubernetesNamespace: "shop", isEphemeral: true },
+      })?.host,
+    ).toBe("fd00::1");
+  });
+
+  test("a one-label-before-svc name is not a Service FQDN", () => {
+    expect(canonical("pg.svc", { caller: NO_CONTEXT })?.host).toBe("pg.svc");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint — rule 4 (cluster qualifier)", () => {
+  test("cluster-local names are qualified with the caller's cluster", () => {
+    expect(canonical("pg", { caller: K8S_CALLER })).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod-eu",
+    });
+    expect(
+      canonical("pg.other.svc.cluster.local", { caller: K8S_CALLER }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.other.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod-eu",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("private IPs are qualified (pod CIDRs overlap across clusters)", () => {
+    for (const address of [
+      "10.244.3.17",
+      "172.20.0.5",
+      "192.168.0.10",
+      "100.64.1.2",
+      "fd00::5",
+      "::ffff:10.244.3.17",
+    ]) {
+      expect(
+        canonical(address, { caller: K8S_CALLER })?.kubernetesClusterName,
+      ).toBe("prod-eu");
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("public names and public IPs are never qualified", () => {
+    for (const address of [
+      "mydb.abc123.us-east-1.rds.amazonaws.com",
+      "8.8.8.8",
+      "2001:db8::1",
+    ]) {
+      expect(
+        canonical(address, { caller: K8S_CALLER })?.kubernetesClusterName,
+      ).toBeUndefined();
+    }
+    // A two-label name is only public when the caller is not in Kubernetes.
+    expect(
+      canonical("pg.shop", {
+        caller: { ...VM_CALLER, kubernetesClusterName: null },
+      })?.kubernetesClusterName,
+    ).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  test("the cluster is canonicalized but otherwise kept raw (ARNs)", () => {
+    const arn: string = "arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:123456789012:cluster/Prod-EU";
+    expect(
+      canonical("10.0.0.5", {
+        caller: { kubernetesClusterName: `  ${arn} `, isEphemeral: true },
+      })?.kubernetesClusterName,
+    ).toBe(arn.toLowerCase());
+  });
+
+  test("no cluster on the caller → no qualifier (and no empty one)", () => {
+    const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical("10.0.0.5", {
+      caller: { kubernetesClusterName: "  ", isEphemeral: true },
+    });
+    expect(endpoint).toEqual({ host: "10.0.0.5", port: 5432 });
+    expect(Object.keys(endpoint!)).not.toContain("kubernetesClusterName");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("getDatabaseEndpointScope", () => {
+  test.each([
+    [{ host: "db.prod.example.com", port: 5432 }, "global"],
+    [{ host: "8.8.8.8", port: 5432 }, "global"],
+    [{ host: "2001:db8::1", port: 5432 }, "global"],
+    [
+      {
+        host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+        port: 5432,
+        kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+      },
+      "global",
+    ],
+    [{ host: "10.0.0.5", port: 5432, kubernetesClusterName: "prod" }, "global"],
+    [{ host: "pg.shop", port: 5432 }, "global"],
+    [{ host: "postgres", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+    [{ host: "db1", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+    [{ host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+    [
+      {
+        host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+        port: 5432,
+        kubernetesClusterName: "  ",
+      },
+      "local",
+    ],
+    [{ host: "10.0.0.5", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+    [{ host: "fd00::5", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+    [{ host: "100.64.0.1", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+    [{ host: "localhost", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+    [{ host: "127.0.0.1", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+    [{ host: "host.docker.internal", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+    [{ host: "", port: 5432 }, "local"],
+  ])("%j is %s", (endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint, scope: string) => {
+    expect(getDatabaseEndpointScope(endpoint)).toBe(scope);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("formatDatabaseEndpoint", () => {
+  test.each([
+    [{ host: "db.prod", port: 5432 }, "db.prod:5432"],
+    [{ host: "db.prod", port: null }, "db.prod"],
+    [{ host: "DB.Prod", port: 5432 }, "db.prod:5432"],
+    [{ host: "fd00::5", port: 5432 }, "[fd00::5]:5432"],
+    [{ host: "fd00::5", port: null }, "[fd00::5]"],
+    [
+      {
+        host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+        port: 5432,
+        kubernetesClusterName: " Prod-EU ",
+      },
+      "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432@prod-eu",
+    ],
+    [
+      { host: "10.0.0.5", port: 5432, kubernetesClusterName: "" },
+      "10.0.0.5:5432",
+    ],
+    [{ host: "db.prod", port: 0 }, "db.prod"],
+  ])("%j → %s", (endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint, formatted: string) => {
+    expect(formatDatabaseEndpoint(endpoint)).toBe(formatted);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("parseDatabaseEndpointString", () => {
+  const PG: { system: string } = { system: "postgresql" };
+
+  test("round-trips everything canonicalize produces", () => {
+    const endpoints: Array<DatabaseEndpoint | null> = [
+      canonical("db.prod.example.com"),
+      canonical("db.prod.example.com:6543"),
+      canonical("pg", { caller: K8S_CALLER }),
+      canonical("10.244.3.17", { caller: K8S_CALLER }),
+      canonical("fd00::5", { caller: K8S_CALLER }),
+      canonical("2001:db8::1:0:0:1"),
+      canonical("db.prod", { system: "acmedb" }),
+      canonical("pg.shop.svc.cluster.local"),
+    ];
+    for (const endpoint of endpoints) {
+      expect(endpoint).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(
+        parseDatabaseEndpointString(formatDatabaseEndpoint(endpoint!), {
+          system: endpoint!.port === null ? "acmedb" : "postgresql",
+        }),
+      ).toEqual(endpoint);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("an ARN-like cluster name round-trips", () => {
+    const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint = {
+      host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName:
+        "arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:123456789012:cluster/prod-eu",
+    };
+    const formatted: string = formatDatabaseEndpoint(endpoint);
+    expect(formatted).toBe(
+      "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432@arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:123456789012:cluster/prod-eu",
+    );
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString(formatted, PG)).toEqual(endpoint);
+  });
+
+  test("the cluster splits on the LAST @", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("10.0.0.5:5432@team@prod", PG),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("10.0.0.5:5432@prod", PG)
+        ?.kubernetesClusterName,
+    ).toBe("prod");
+  });
+
+  test("a qualifier on a host that resolves the same everywhere is refused, not dropped", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("db.prod.example.com:5432@prod", PG),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("8.8.8.8@prod", PG)).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("2001:db8::1@prod", PG)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test("an empty qualifier is no qualifier", () => {
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("10.0.0.5:5432@", PG)).toEqual({
+      host: "10.0.0.5",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("URL forms: the @ is userinfo, never a cluster", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString(
+        "postgres://admin@pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432/app",
+        { ...PG, kubernetesClusterName: "prod" },
+      ),
+    ).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("row context: a bare name on a Kubernetes row expands and qualifies", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("pg:5432", {
+        system: "postgresql",
+        kubernetesNamespace: "shop",
+        kubernetesClusterName: "Prod-EU",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod-eu",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("row context: .svc forms expand, and the row cluster fills in", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("pg.shop.svc", {
+        system: "postgresql",
+        kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("an explicit qualifier wins over the row's cluster", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("10.0.0.5@staging", {
+        system: "postgresql",
+        kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+      })?.kubernetesClusterName,
+    ).toBe("staging");
+  });
+
+  test("a bare name without row context stays single-label", () => {
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("postgres", PG)).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("the port defaults from the row's engine", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("cache.prod", { system: "redis" }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "cache.prod", port: 6379 });
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("cache.prod", { system: "" })).toEqual({
+      host: "cache.prod",
+      port: null,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("loopback, host-relative and garbage are null", () => {
+    for (const value of [
+      "localhost:5432",
+      "localhost.localdomain",
+      "127.0.0.1",
+      "[::1]:5432",
+      "host.docker.internal",
+      "(local)",
+      "[REDACTED]",
+      "***.***.***.***@prod",
+      "",
+      "  ",
+      "@prod",
+    ]) {
+      expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString(value, PG)).toBeNull();
+    }
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString(null, PG)).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString(42, PG)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test("a non-URL user@host is refused — never read as host@qualifier", () => {
+    // The finding's probes: these used to become hosts "user" and "admin".
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("user@db.example.com", PG)).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("admin@10.0.0.5:5432", PG)).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("admin@db:5432", PG)).toBeNull();
+    // Even on a Kubernetes row, whose namespace would expand "admin".
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("admin@10.0.0.5:5432", {
+        system: "postgresql",
+        kubernetesNamespace: "shop",
+        kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+      }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("admin@db.example.com", {
+        system: "postgresql",
+        kubernetesNamespace: "shop",
+      }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    // A dotted user name is not read as a <service>.<namespace> either.
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("john.doe@db.example.com", PG),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("postgres.data@db.example.com", PG),
+    ).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test("an address that takes a qualifier keeps it, whatever the cluster name looks like", () => {
+    for (const [value, host] of [
+      ["10.0.0.5@prod.eu-west-1", "10.0.0.5"],
+      ["pg.shop.svc.cluster.local@prod.eu-west-1", "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local"],
+      ["pg.shop.svc@prod.eu-west-1", "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local"],
+      ["db.internal@prod.eu-west-1", "db.internal"],
+      ["postgres.data:5432@prod.eu-west-1", "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local"],
+    ] as Array<[string, string]>) {
+      const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint | null = parseDatabaseEndpointString(
+        value,
+        PG,
+      );
+      expect(endpoint?.host).toBe(host);
+      expect(endpoint?.kubernetesClusterName).toBe("prod.eu-west-1");
+    }
+    // An EKS ARN never reads as a server.
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString(
+        "postgres.data@arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:1:cluster/prod",
+        PG,
+      )?.kubernetesClusterName,
+    ).toBe("arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:1:cluster/prod");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("buildDatabaseServerIdentifier", () => {
+  test("system|formatted endpoint, system normalized", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseServerIdentifier("postgres", {
+        host: "db.prod",
+        port: 5432,
+      }),
+    ).toBe("postgresql|db.prod:5432");
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseServerIdentifier("postgresql", {
+        host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+        port: 5432,
+        kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("postgresql|pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432@prod");
+  });
+
+  test("cluster-qualified and unqualified endpoints are different rows", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseServerIdentifier("postgresql", {
+        host: "10.0.0.5",
+        port: 5432,
+        kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+      }),
+    ).not.toBe(
+      buildDatabaseServerIdentifier("postgresql", {
+        host: "10.0.0.5",
+        port: 5432,
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  /*
+   * Regression (fork-engines-lose-identity): forks are engines of their own,
+   * so an identifier keyed on the engine re-keyed a row the moment a
+   * stronger source refined it ("mysql" → "mariadb") and let a racing
+   * writer that saw the other spelling create a second row for one server.
+   */
+  test("keys on the engine family: a fork and the engine it forks are one row", () => {
+    const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint = { host: "db.prod", port: 3306 };
+    const mysql: string = buildDatabaseServerIdentifier("mysql", endpoint);
+
+    expect(mysql).toBe("mysql|db.prod:3306");
+    for (const fork of ["mariadb", "MariaDB", " mariadb ", "tidb", "vitess"]) {
+      expect(buildDatabaseServerIdentifier(fork, endpoint)).toBe(mysql);
+    }
+
+    const cache: DatabaseEndpoint = { host: "cache.prod", port: 6379 };
+    for (const fork of ["redis", "valkey", "keydb", "dragonfly"]) {
+      expect(buildDatabaseServerIdentifier(fork, cache)).toBe(
+        "redis|cache.prod:6379",
+      );
+    }
+
+    const pg: DatabaseEndpoint = { host: "crdb.prod", port: 26257 };
+    expect(buildDatabaseServerIdentifier("cockroachdb", pg)).toBe(
+      buildDatabaseServerIdentifier("postgres", pg),
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("engines of different families still key apart on one endpoint", () => {
+    const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint = { host: "db.prod", port: 5432 };
+    const identifiers: Set<string> = new Set<string>(
+      ["postgresql", "mysql", "redis", "mongodb", "microsoft.sql_server"].map(
+        (system: string): string => {
+          return buildDatabaseServerIdentifier(system, endpoint);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(identifiers.size).toBe(5);
+  });
+
+  test("an unknown engine is a family of its own, canonicalized", () => {
+    const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint = { host: "db.prod", port: 7000 };
+    expect(buildDatabaseServerIdentifier(" AcmeDB ", endpoint)).toBe(
+      "acmedb|db.prod:7000",
+    );
+    expect(buildDatabaseServerIdentifier("", endpoint)).toBe("|db.prod:7000");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier", () => {
+  test("kubernetes: cluster/namespace/kind/name, lowercased", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier({
+        system: "postgres",
+        platform: "kubernetes",
+        parentName: "Prod-EU",
+        namespace: "Shop",
+        workloadKind: "Cluster",
+        workloadName: "PG-Main",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("postgresql|kubernetes:prod-eu/shop/cluster/pg-main");
+  });
+
+  test("kubernetes: missing namespace / kind leave empty segments", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier({
+        system: "redis",
+        platform: "kubernetes",
+        parentName: "prod",
+        workloadName: "cache",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("redis|kubernetes:prod///cache");
+  });
+
+  test("docker / podman: no kind, so compose labels cannot change identity", () => {
+    const base: {
+      system: string;
+      parentName: string;
+      workloadName: string;
+    } = {
+      system: "mysql",
+      parentName: "Build-Host-1",
+      workloadName: "shop-db",
+    };
+
+    expect(
+      buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier({ ...base, platform: "docker" }),
+    ).toBe("mysql|docker:build-host-1/shop-db");
+    expect(
+      buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier({
+        ...base,
+        platform: "docker",
+        workloadKind: "ComposeService",
+        namespace: "shop",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("mysql|docker:build-host-1/shop-db");
+    expect(
+      buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier({ ...base, platform: "podman" }),
+    ).toBe("mysql|podman:build-host-1/shop-db");
+  });
+
+  /*
+   * Regression (fork-engines-lose-identity): a workload the classifier
+   * re-reads as another engine of its family (the image moved from Redis to
+   * Valkey, a MySQL image turned out to be MariaDB) is the same database; an
+   * engine-keyed identifier turned it into two rows.
+   */
+  test("keys on the engine family: a re-classified workload keeps its identifier", () => {
+    const kubernetes: (system: string) => string = (system: string): string => {
+      return buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier({
+        system: system,
+        platform: "kubernetes",
+        parentName: "prod",
+        namespace: "cache",
+        workloadKind: "StatefulSet",
+        workloadName: "redis",
+      });
+    };
+
+    expect(kubernetes("redis")).toBe(
+      "redis|kubernetes:prod/cache/statefulset/redis",
+    );
+    for (const fork of ["valkey", "Valkey", "keydb", "dragonfly"]) {
+      expect(kubernetes(fork)).toBe(kubernetes("redis"));
+    }
+
+    for (const platform of ["docker", "podman"] as const) {
+      const container: (system: string) => string = (
+        system: string,
+      ): string => {
+        return buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier({
+          system: system,
+          platform: platform,
+          parentName: "host-1",
+          workloadName: "shop-db",
+        });
+      };
+      expect(container("mariadb")).toBe(`mysql|${platform}:host-1/shop-db`);
+      expect(container("mysql")).toBe(container("mariadb"));
+      expect(container("postgresql")).not.toBe(container("mariadb"));
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("every catalogued engine and alias keys both identifiers on its family", () => {
+    const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint = { host: "db.example.com", port: 1 };
+    for (const descriptor of DATABASE_SYSTEMS) {
+      const family: string = descriptor.family || descriptor.system;
+      for (const name of [descriptor.system, ...descriptor.aliases]) {
+        expect(buildDatabaseServerIdentifier(name, endpoint)).toBe(
+          `${family}|db.example.com:1`,
+        );
+        expect(
+          buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier({
+            system: name,
+            platform: "docker",
+            parentName: "h",
+            workloadName: "w",
+          }),
+        ).toBe(`${family}|docker:h/w`);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("workloads of different families stay apart", () => {
+    const identifier: (system: string) => string = (system: string): string => {
+      return buildWorkloadDatabaseServerIdentifier({
+        system: system,
+        platform: "kubernetes",
+        parentName: "prod",
+        namespace: "data",
+        workloadKind: "StatefulSet",
+        workloadName: "db",
+      });
+    };
+    expect(identifier("postgresql")).not.toBe(identifier("mysql"));
+    expect(identifier("cockroachdb")).toBe(identifier("postgresql"));
+    expect(identifier("opensearch")).toBe(
+      "elasticsearch|kubernetes:prod/data/statefulset/db",
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe("buildDatabaseServerDisplayName", () => {
+  test("engine + host:port, never the cluster qualifier", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({
+        system: "postgresql",
+        endpoint: {
+          host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+          port: 5432,
+          kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+        },
+      }),
+    ).toBe("PostgreSQL pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432");
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({
+        system: "redis",
+        endpoint: { host: "fd00::5", port: 6379 },
+      }),
+    ).toBe("Redis [fd00::5]:6379");
+  });
+
+  test("engine + namespace/workload, or the workload alone", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({
+        system: "mongodb",
+        namespace: "shop",
+        workloadName: "orders-db",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("MongoDB shop/orders-db");
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({
+        system: "mongodb",
+        workloadName: "orders-db",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("MongoDB orders-db");
+  });
+
+  test("the endpoint wins over the workload", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({
+        system: "mysql",
+        endpoint: { host: "db.prod", port: 3306 },
+        workloadName: "ignored",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("MySQL db.prod:3306");
+  });
+
+  test("nothing to name → just the engine; unknown engine → raw", () => {
+    expect(buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({ system: "postgresql" })).toBe(
+      "PostgreSQL",
+    );
+    expect(buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({ system: "" })).toBe("Database");
+    expect(
+      buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({
+        system: "acmedb",
+        endpoint: { host: "acme.prod", port: 4000 },
+      }),
+    ).toBe("acmedb acme.prod:4000");
+  });
+
+  test("is capped at 100 characters, keeping the engine", () => {
+    const name: string = buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({
+      system: "postgresql",
+      endpoint: { host: `${"a".repeat(60)}.${"b".repeat(60)}.com`, port: 5432 },
+    });
+    expect(name.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+    expect(name.startsWith("PostgreSQL ")).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases", () => {
+  test("each Service × port, qualified; the engine default port is always included", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+        system: "postgresql",
+        namespace: "shop",
+        clusterName: "prod",
+        serviceNames: ["pg-rw", "pg-ro"],
+        ports: [5432],
+        includeUnqualified: false,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual([
+      "pg-rw.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432@prod",
+      "pg-ro.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432@prod",
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  test("the unqualified twin only when asked (single-cluster projects)", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+        system: "redis",
+        namespace: "cache",
+        clusterName: "Prod",
+        serviceNames: ["redis-master"],
+        ports: [],
+        includeUnqualified: true,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual([
+      "redis-master.cache.svc.cluster.local:6379@prod",
+      "redis-master.cache.svc.cluster.local:6379",
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  test("declared container ports are added after the default, deduped", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+        system: "postgresql",
+        namespace: "shop",
+        clusterName: "prod",
+        serviceNames: ["pg"],
+        ports: [5432, 6432, 6432, 0, 70000],
+        includeUnqualified: false,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual([
+      "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432@prod",
+      "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:6432@prod",
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  test("per-member headless DNS for StatefulSet / operator members", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+        system: "mongodb",
+        namespace: "data",
+        clusterName: "prod",
+        serviceNames: ["mongo"],
+        podServiceNames: [
+          { podName: "mongo-0", serviceName: "mongo-headless" },
+          { podName: "mongo-1", serviceName: "mongo-headless" },
+        ],
+        ports: [27017],
+        includeUnqualified: false,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual([
+      "mongo.data.svc.cluster.local:27017@prod",
+      "mongo-0.mongo-headless.data.svc.cluster.local:27017@prod",
+      "mongo-1.mongo-headless.data.svc.cluster.local:27017@prod",
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  test("never emits two-label svc.ns forms", () => {
+    const aliases: Array<string> = buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+      system: "postgresql",
+      namespace: "shop",
+      clusterName: "prod",
+      serviceNames: ["pg"],
+      ports: [],
+      includeUnqualified: true,
+    });
+    for (const alias of aliases) {
+      expect(alias.startsWith("pg.shop:")).toBe(false);
+      expect(alias).toContain(".svc.cluster.local");
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("invalid names are skipped; duplicates collapse", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+        system: "postgresql",
+        namespace: "shop",
+        clusterName: "prod",
+        serviceNames: ["PG", "pg", "bad name", "", "-pg"],
+        podServiceNames: [{ podName: "pg-0", serviceName: "" }],
+        ports: [],
+        includeUnqualified: false,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual(["pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432@prod"]);
+  });
+
+  test("an invalid namespace produces nothing", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+        system: "postgresql",
+        namespace: "Not A Namespace",
+        clusterName: "prod",
+        serviceNames: ["pg"],
+        ports: [],
+        includeUnqualified: true,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test("a blank cluster can only produce the unqualified form", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+        system: "postgresql",
+        namespace: "shop",
+        clusterName: " ",
+        serviceNames: ["pg"],
+        ports: [],
+        includeUnqualified: false,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual(["pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432"]);
+  });
+
+  test("an engine without a default port and no declared port → port-less", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+        system: "acmedb",
+        namespace: "shop",
+        clusterName: "prod",
+        serviceNames: ["acme"],
+        ports: [],
+        includeUnqualified: false,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual(["acme.shop.svc.cluster.local@prod"]);
+  });
+
+  test("every alias parses back to itself", () => {
+    const aliases: Array<string> = buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+      system: "postgresql",
+      namespace: "shop",
+      clusterName: "arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:1:cluster/prod",
+      serviceNames: ["pg-rw"],
+      podServiceNames: [{ podName: "pg-1", serviceName: "pg" }],
+      ports: [6432],
+      includeUnqualified: true,
+    });
+    expect(aliases.length).toBe(8);
+    for (const alias of aliases) {
+      const parsed: DatabaseEndpoint | null = parseDatabaseEndpointString(
+        alias,
+        { system: "postgresql" },
+      );
+      expect(parsed).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(formatDatabaseEndpoint(parsed!)).toBe(alias);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("the alias a k8s caller's span canonicalizes to is in the set", () => {
+    const aliases: Array<string> = buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+      system: "postgresql",
+      namespace: "shop",
+      clusterName: "prod-eu",
+      serviceNames: ["pg"],
+      ports: [],
+      includeUnqualified: false,
+    });
+    const fromSpan: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical("pg", {
+      caller: K8S_CALLER,
+    });
+    expect(aliases).toContain(formatDatabaseEndpoint(fromSpan!));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("parse → canonicalize consistency", () => {
+  test("the parsed host of every accepted shape is itself parseable", () => {
+    for (const raw of [
+      "db.prod:5432",
+      "[fd00::5]:5432",
+      "tcp:sql.prod,1433",
+      "postgres://u:p@db.prod/x",
+      "::ffff:10.0.0.5",
+    ]) {
+      const parsed: ParsedHostAndPort | null = parseHostAndPort(raw);
+      expect(parsed).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(parseHostAndPort(parsed!.host)?.host).toBe(parsed!.host);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe("hostile input stays linear", () => {
+  /*
+   * Hosts come straight from telemetry. Each of these inputs made the old
+   * trailing-dot regexes (/\.+$/) backtrack quadratically; the parsers must
+   * answer in well under a second.
+   */
+  test("long runs of dots that do not end the host", () => {
+    const dots: string = ".".repeat(200_000);
+    const started: number = performance.now();
+
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("a" + dots + "b")).toBeNull();
+    expect(isLoopbackDatabaseHost("a" + dots + "b")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isHostRelativeDatabaseHost("a" + dots + "b")).toBe(false);
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("db" + dots + ":5432")).toEqual({
+      host: "db",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+
+    expect(performance.now() - started).toBeLessThan(1000);
+  });
+
+  test("trailing dots are still dropped", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("db.prod.:5432")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+    expect(isLoopbackDatabaseHost("localhost.")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isHostRelativeDatabaseHost("host.docker.internal.")).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+/*
+ * ---- Audit regressions (lane B1: endpoint identity) -------------------------
+ *
+ * Each block below first reproduces a failure the audit found, then pins the
+ * rule that fixes it.
+ */
+
+const PG_SYSTEM: string = "postgresql";
+const MSSQL: string = "microsoft.sql_server";
+const PROJECT: string = "8a4c5b1e-2b3f-4c1d-9e8f-1a2b3c4d5e6f";
+
+function key(endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint | null): string | null {
+  return endpoint ? keyForDatabaseEndpoint(PROJECT, endpoint) : null;
+}
+
+function pod(
+  namespace: string | null,
+  cluster: string | null,
+): DatabaseCallerContext {
+  return {
+    kubernetesNamespace: namespace,
+    kubernetesClusterName: cluster,
+    hostName: "api-7d9f-abcde",
+    isEphemeral: true,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("two-label <service>.<namespace> names from Kubernetes callers", () => {
+  test("the finding's probe: staging and production pods calling postgres.data no longer share one global key", () => {
+    const staging: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical("postgres.data", {
+      caller: pod("shop", "staging"),
+    });
+    const production: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical("postgres.data", {
+      caller: pod("shop", "production"),
+    });
+
+    expect(staging).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "staging",
+    });
+    expect(production).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "production",
+    });
+    expect(key(staging)).not.toBe(key(production));
+  });
+
+  test("the span key is exactly the Kubernetes workload's Service alias, so the rows merge", () => {
+    const aliases: Array<string> = buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+      system: PG_SYSTEM,
+      namespace: "data",
+      clusterName: "prod",
+      serviceNames: ["postgres"],
+      ports: [],
+      includeUnqualified: true,
+    });
+
+    // A pod that reports its cluster: the qualified alias.
+    expect(aliases).toContain(
+      formatDatabaseEndpoint(
+        canonical("postgres.data", { caller: pod("shop", "prod") })!,
+      ),
+    );
+    // A pod that reports no cluster (single-cluster project): the twin.
+    expect(aliases).toContain(
+      formatDatabaseEndpoint(
+        canonical("postgres.data", { caller: pod("shop", null) })!,
+      ),
+    );
+    // And the alias parses back to the very key the span was stamped with.
+    const alias: DatabaseEndpoint | null = parseDatabaseEndpointString(
+      "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local:5432@prod",
+      { system: PG_SYSTEM },
+    );
+    expect(key(alias)).toBe(
+      key(canonical("postgres.data", { caller: pod("billing", "prod") })),
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("without a cluster the name is cluster-local and LOCAL scope (never auto-created, never global)", () => {
+    const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical("postgres.data", {
+      caller: pod("shop", null),
+    });
+    expect(endpoint).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+    expect(getDatabaseEndpointScope(endpoint!)).toBe("local");
+  });
+
+  test("a caller with only a cluster (no namespace) is in Kubernetes too", () => {
+    expect(canonical("postgres.data", { caller: pod(null, "prod") })).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("the discovery query's flag alone is enough (reduced cron context)", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("postgres.data", {
+        caller: { isEphemeral: true, runsInKubernetes: true },
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local", port: 5432 });
+    expect(
+      canonical("postgres.data", {
+        caller: { isEphemeral: true, runsInKubernetes: false },
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "postgres.data", port: 5432 });
+  });
+
+  test("blank namespace / cluster values do not make a caller Kubernetes", () => {
+    for (const caller of [
+      pod("   ", "  "),
+      pod("", ""),
+      { isEphemeral: false, hostName: "vm-1" },
+    ]) {
+      expect(isKubernetesDatabaseCaller(caller)).toBe(false);
+      expect(canonical("postgres.data", { caller })).toEqual({
+        host: "postgres.data",
+        port: 5432,
+      });
+    }
+    expect(isKubernetesDatabaseCaller(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isKubernetesDatabaseCaller(pod("shop", null))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isKubernetesDatabaseCaller(pod(null, "prod"))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("case, trailing dots and ports are canonicalized first", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("Postgres.Data.:6543", { caller: pod("shop", "Prod") }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 6543,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("the collector purpose reads the name the same way (a receiver in a pod)", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("postgres.data:5432", {
+        caller: pod("monitoring", "prod"),
+        purpose: "collector",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("a StatefulSet member of the caller's own namespace keeps its namespace", () => {
+    // `mongo-0.mongo-headless` from namespace data is that pod, not a Service.
+    const member: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical(
+      "mongo-0.mongo-headless:27017",
+      { system: "mongodb", caller: pod("data", "prod") },
+    );
+    expect(member).toEqual({
+      host: "mongo-0.mongo-headless.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 27017,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+    });
+    // …which is the member alias the Kubernetes worker claims.
+    expect(
+      buildKubernetesDatabaseAliases({
+        system: "mongodb",
+        namespace: "data",
+        clusterName: "prod",
+        serviceNames: ["mongo"],
+        podServiceNames: [
+          { podName: "mongo-0", serviceName: "mongo-headless" },
+        ],
+        ports: [27017],
+        includeUnqualified: false,
+      }),
+    ).toContain(formatDatabaseEndpoint(member!));
+
+    // Bitnami-style names share only the release word.
+    expect(
+      canonical("redis-node-2.redis-headless", {
+        system: "redis",
+        caller: pod("cache", "prod"),
+      })?.host,
+    ).toBe("redis-node-2.redis-headless.cache.svc.cluster.local");
+  });
+
+  test("a StatefulSet-looking name with no namespace known falls back to the Service reading", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("mongo-0.mongo-headless", {
+        system: "mongodb",
+        caller: pod(null, "prod"),
+      })?.host,
+    ).toBe("mongo-0.mongo-headless.svc.cluster.local");
+  });
+
+  test("a Service whose name ends in a number is still a Service in another namespace", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("postgres-2.data", { caller: pod("shop", "prod") })?.host,
+    ).toBe("postgres-2.data.svc.cluster.local");
+  });
+
+  test("private-zone second labels are not namespaces, but stay network-scoped", () => {
+    for (const address of ["db.internal", "db.local", "db.localdomain"]) {
+      const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical(address, {
+        caller: pod("shop", "prod"),
+      });
+      expect(endpoint?.host).toBe(address);
+    }
+    expect(
+      canonical("db.internal", { caller: pod("shop", "prod") })
+        ?.kubernetesClusterName,
+    ).toBe("prod");
+  });
+
+  test("labels Kubernetes would reject are never expanded", () => {
+    expect(canonical("my_db.corp", { caller: pod("shop", "prod") })).toEqual({
+      host: "my_db.corp",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("three-label public names from pods are never touched", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("db.example.com", { caller: pod("shop", "prod") }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "db.example.com", port: 5432 });
+  });
+
+  test("an alias typed as svc.ns on a Kubernetes row reads like its pods' spans", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("postgres.data:5432", {
+        system: PG_SYSTEM,
+        kubernetesNamespace: "data",
+        kubernetesClusterName: "Prod",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+    });
+    // …but a stored / VM-seen two-label endpoint parses back to itself.
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("postgres.data:5432", { system: PG_SYSTEM }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "postgres.data", port: 5432 });
+  });
+});
+
+describe("SQL Server named instances", () => {
+  test("the finding's probe: INST01 and INST02 on one host are two endpoints with two keys", () => {
+    const first: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical(
+      "sql1.corp.example.com\\INST01",
+      { system: MSSQL, caller: VM_CALLER },
+    );
+    const second: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical(
+      "sql1.corp.example.com\\INST02",
+      { system: MSSQL, caller: VM_CALLER },
+    );
+    expect(first).toEqual({
+      host: "sql1.corp.example.com\\inst01",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(second).toEqual({
+      host: "sql1.corp.example.com\\inst02",
+      port: null,
+    });
+    expect(key(first)).not.toBe(key(second));
+    // Neither takes the default instance's 1433.
+    expect(key(first)).not.toBe(
+      key(canonical("sql1.corp.example.com", { system: MSSQL })),
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("an instance reported beside the address (db.namespace / db.mssql.instance_name) splits the same way", () => {
+    const first: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint({
+      system: MSSQL,
+      address: "sql1.corp.example.com",
+      instance: "INST01",
+      caller: VM_CALLER,
+      purpose: "client-call",
+    });
+    const second: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint({
+      system: MSSQL,
+      address: "sql1.corp.example.com",
+      instance: "INST02",
+      caller: VM_CALLER,
+      purpose: "client-call",
+    });
+    expect(formatDatabaseEndpoint(first!)).toBe(
+      "sql1.corp.example.com\\inst01",
+    );
+    expect(key(first)).not.toBe(key(second));
+    // Written in the address or beside it, it is one endpoint.
+    expect(first).toEqual(
+      canonical("sql1.corp.example.com\\inst01", { system: MSSQL }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("the default instance is the plain host on 1433", () => {
+    for (const instance of ["MSSQLSERVER", "mssqlserver", "", "  ", null]) {
+      expect(
+        canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint({
+          system: MSSQL,
+          address: "sql1.corp.example.com",
+          instance: instance,
+          caller: VM_CALLER,
+          purpose: "client-call",
+        }),
+      ).toEqual({ host: "sql1.corp.example.com", port: 1433 });
+    }
+    expect(
+      canonical("sql1.corp.example.com\\MSSQLSERVER", { system: MSSQL }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "sql1.corp.example.com", port: 1433 });
+  });
+
+  test("a known port already names the instance, so the instance is dropped", () => {
+    const expected: DatabaseEndpoint = {
+      host: "sql1.corp.example.com",
+      port: 1434,
+    };
+    expect(
+      canonical("sql1.corp.example.com\\INST01,1434", { system: MSSQL }),
+    ).toEqual(expected);
+    expect(
+      canonical("sql1.corp.example.com\\INST01:1434", { system: MSSQL }),
+    ).toEqual(expected);
+    expect(
+      canonical("sql1.corp.example.com\\INST01", {
+        system: MSSQL,
+        port: 1434,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual(expected);
+    expect(
+      canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint({
+        system: MSSQL,
+        address: "sql1.corp.example.com",
+        port: "1434",
+        instance: "INST01",
+        caller: VM_CALLER,
+        purpose: "client-call",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual(expected);
+    // host,port forms on one host stay apart by port.
+    expect(
+      key(canonical("sql1.corp.example.com,1434", { system: MSSQL })),
+    ).not.toBe(key(canonical("sql1.corp.example.com,1435", { system: MSSQL })));
+  });
+
+  test("the address's instance wins over a reported one; an invalid reported one is ignored", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint({
+        system: MSSQL,
+        address: "sql1.corp\\INST01",
+        instance: "INST02",
+        caller: VM_CALLER,
+        purpose: "client-call",
+      })?.host,
+    ).toBe("sql1.corp\\inst01");
+    expect(
+      canonicalizeDatabaseEndpoint({
+        system: MSSQL,
+        address: "sql1.corp",
+        instance: "not an instance!",
+        caller: VM_CALLER,
+        purpose: "client-call",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "sql1.corp", port: 1433 });
+  });
+
+  test("an instance on a private IP from a pod is qualified, and stays an IP", () => {
+    const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical("10.0.0.5\\INST01", {
+      system: MSSQL,
+      caller: K8S_CALLER,
+    });
+    expect(endpoint).toEqual({
+      host: "10.0.0.5\\inst01",
+      port: null,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod-eu",
+    });
+    expect(isIpLiteralHost(endpoint!.host)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPrivateIpHost(endpoint!.host)).toBe(true);
+    expect(getDatabaseEndpointScope(endpoint!)).toBe("global");
+    expect(
+      getDatabaseEndpointScope({ host: "10.0.0.5\\inst01", port: null }),
+    ).toBe("local");
+  });
+
+  test("scope ignores the instance: a single-label host is still local", () => {
+    expect(getDatabaseEndpointScope({ host: "sql1\\inst01", port: null })).toBe(
+      "local",
+    );
+    expect(
+      getDatabaseEndpointScope({
+        host: "sql1.corp.example.com\\inst01",
+        port: null,
+      }),
+    ).toBe("global");
+    expect(
+      getDatabaseEndpointScope({ host: "localhost\\sqlexpress", port: null }),
+    ).toBe("local");
+  });
+
+  test("format → parse round-trips, whatever system the reader assumes", () => {
+    const endpoints: Array<DatabaseEndpoint> = [
+      { host: "sql1.corp.example.com\\inst01", port: null },
+      { host: "fd00::5\\inst01", port: null, kubernetesClusterName: "prod" },
+      { host: "10.0.0.5\\inst$1", port: null, kubernetesClusterName: "prod" },
+    ];
+    expect(formatDatabaseEndpoint(endpoints[1]!)).toBe(
+      "[fd00::5]\\inst01@prod",
+    );
+    for (const endpoint of endpoints) {
+      for (const system of [MSSQL, "", PG_SYSTEM]) {
+        expect(
+          parseDatabaseEndpointString(formatDatabaseEndpoint(endpoint), {
+            system,
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(endpoint);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("identifiers and display names carry the instance", () => {
+    const endpoint: DatabaseEndpoint = {
+      host: "sql1.corp.example.com\\inst01",
+      port: null,
+    };
+    expect(buildDatabaseServerIdentifier(MSSQL, endpoint)).toBe(
+      "microsoft.sql_server|sql1.corp.example.com\\inst01",
+    );
+    expect(buildDatabaseServerDisplayName({ system: MSSQL, endpoint })).toBe(
+      "SQL Server sql1.corp.example.com\\inst01",
+    );
+    expect(splitDatabaseHostInstance(endpoint.host)).toEqual({
+      host: "sql1.corp.example.com",
+      instance: "inst01",
+    });
+    expect(splitDatabaseHostInstance("db.prod")).toEqual({
+      host: "db.prod",
+      instance: "",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("loopback with an instance is still loopback", () => {
+    expect(
+      canonical("localhost\\SQLEXPRESS", { system: MSSQL, caller: VM_CALLER }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      canonical(".\\SQLEXPRESS", {
+        system: MSSQL,
+        caller: VM_CALLER,
+        purpose: "collector",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "app-7.corp.example\\sqlexpress", port: null });
+  });
+});
+
+describe("readDatabaseInstanceName", () => {
+  function read(
+    system: unknown,
+    attributes: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ): string | null {
+    return readDatabaseInstanceName({
+      system,
+      getAttribute: (name: string): unknown => {
+        return attributes[name];
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  test("reads the legacy attribute first, then the instance half of db.namespace", () => {
+    expect(DATABASE_INSTANCE_ATTRIBUTES).toEqual([
+      "db.mssql.instance_name",
+      "db.namespace",
+    ]);
+    expect(
+      read("mssql", {
+        "db.mssql.instance_name": "INST01",
+        "db.namespace": "INST02|orders",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("INST01");
+    expect(read(MSSQL, { "db.namespace": "INST02|orders" })).toBe("INST02");
+    expect(read(MSSQL, { "db.namespace": "a|b|c" })).toBe("a");
+    expect(read(MSSQL, { "db.mssql.instance_name": 7 })).toBe("7");
+  });
+
+  test("an empty legacy attribute falls through; a plain database name is no instance", () => {
+    expect(
+      read(MSSQL, {
+        "db.mssql.instance_name": "",
+        "db.namespace": "INST02|orders",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("INST02");
+    expect(read(MSSQL, { "db.namespace": "orders" })).toBeNull();
+    expect(read(MSSQL, {})).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test("only SQL Server reads an instance (other engines' db.namespace means something else)", () => {
+    for (const system of ["postgresql", "redis", "", null]) {
+      expect(
+        read(system, {
+          "db.mssql.instance_name": "INST01",
+          "db.namespace": "a|b",
+        }),
+      ).toBeNull();
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("tolerates junk", () => {
+    expect(
+      readDatabaseInstanceName(
+        null as unknown as {
+          system: unknown;
+          getAttribute: (key: string) => unknown;
+        },
+      ),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(read(MSSQL, { "db.mssql.instance_name": { x: 1 } })).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("per-network names are never global identities", () => {
+  test("the finding's probes: dev-tool gateway names are host-relative", () => {
+    for (const host of [
+      "host.minikube.internal",
+      "host.k3d.internal",
+      "host.lima.internal",
+      "host.orb.internal",
+      "host.rancher-desktop.internal",
+      "HOST.MINIKUBE.INTERNAL.",
+      "vm.docker.internal",
+      "host.docker.internal",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isHostRelativeDatabaseHost(host)).toBe(true);
+      expect(canonical(host, { caller: VM_CALLER })).toBeNull();
+      expect(canonical(host, { caller: K8S_CALLER })).toBeNull();
+      // A collector on a stable machine: that machine.
+      expect(
+        canonical(host, { caller: VM_CALLER, purpose: "collector" })?.host,
+      ).toBe("app-7.corp.example");
+    }
+    for (const host of [
+      "db.internal",
+      "host.internal",
+      "a.host.minikube.internal",
+      "host.bad_label.internal",
+      "db.docker.internals",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isHostRelativeDatabaseHost(host)).toBe(false);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("isLinkLocalIpHost: 169.254/16 and fe80::/10 only", () => {
+    for (const host of [
+      "169.254.1.10",
+      "169.254.0.1",
+      "fe80::1",
+      "fe80::1%eth0",
+      "[fe80::1]",
+      "febf::1",
+      "::ffff:169.254.1.1",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isLinkLocalIpHost(host)).toBe(true);
+    }
+    for (const host of [
+      "169.253.1.1",
+      "170.254.1.1",
+      "fec0::1",
+      "fe7f::1",
+      "10.0.0.1",
+      "db.prod",
+      "",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isLinkLocalIpHost(host)).toBe(false);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("the finding's probes: link-local addresses are LOCAL, qualified or not", () => {
+    const fromPod: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical("169.254.1.10", {
+      caller: K8S_CALLER,
+    });
+    expect(fromPod).toEqual({
+      host: "169.254.1.10",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod-eu",
+    });
+    expect(getDatabaseEndpointScope(fromPod!)).toBe("local");
+
+    const zoned: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical("fe80::1%eth0", {
+      caller: VM_CALLER,
+    });
+    expect(zoned).toEqual({ host: "fe80::1", port: 5432 });
+    expect(getDatabaseEndpointScope(zoned!)).toBe("local");
+  });
+
+  test("private DNS zones (.internal, .local, .home.arpa) are network-scoped", () => {
+    expect(NETWORK_SCOPED_NAME_SUFFIXES).toEqual([
+      ".local",
+      ".internal",
+      ".home.arpa",
+      ".localdomain",
+    ]);
+    for (const host of [
+      "ip-10-0-0-5.ec2.internal",
+      "db-1.c.my-project.internal",
+      "db.corp.local",
+      "nas.home.arpa",
+      "build-7.localdomain",
+      "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isClusterScopedDatabaseHost(host)).toBe(true);
+
+      // From a machine outside any cluster: kept, but LOCAL.
+      const fromVm: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical(host, {
+        caller: VM_CALLER,
+      });
+      expect(fromVm?.kubernetesClusterName).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(getDatabaseEndpointScope(fromVm!)).toBe("local");
+
+      // From a pod: qualified with its cluster, which makes it global.
+      const fromPod: DatabaseEndpoint | null = canonical(host, {
+        caller: K8S_CALLER,
+      });
+      expect(fromPod?.kubernetesClusterName).toBe("prod-eu");
+      expect(getDatabaseEndpointScope(fromPod!)).toBe("global");
+    }
+    for (const host of [
+      "db.example.com",
+      "orders.cjd8.eu-west-1.rds.amazonaws.com",
+      "api.localhost",
+      "db.internalapi.com",
+      "8.8.8.8",
+      "",
+    ]) {
+      expect(isClusterScopedDatabaseHost(host)).toBe(false);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("two clusters' copies of one EC2 private name are two endpoints", () => {
+    expect(
+      key(canonical("ip-10-0-0-5.ec2.internal", { caller: pod("a", "east") })),
+    ).not.toBe(
+      key(canonical("ip-10-0-0-5.ec2.internal", { caller: pod("a", "west") })),
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("isPrivateIpHost is unchanged: link-local is its own class", () => {
+    expect(isPrivateIpHost("169.254.1.1")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPrivateIpHost("fe80::1")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("the @cluster qualifier on typed endpoints", () => {
+  const PG: { system: string } = { system: PG_SYSTEM };
+
+  test("names the cluster of every cluster-scoped kind of address", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432@Prod-EU", PG),
+    ).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod-eu",
+    });
+    // A <service>.<namespace> short name is read as the pod would read it.
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("postgres.data@staging", PG)).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "staging",
+    });
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("db.internal:5432@prod", PG)).toEqual({
+      host: "db.internal",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+    });
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("169.254.1.1@prod", PG)
+        ?.kubernetesClusterName,
+    ).toBe("prod");
+  });
+
+  test("a single-label name takes a qualifier only with a namespace to expand it", () => {
+    expect(parseDatabaseEndpointString("pg@prod", PG)).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("pg@prod", {
+        ...PG,
+        kubernetesNamespace: "shop",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      host: "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+      kubernetesClusterName: "prod",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("stored values stay readable: everything canonicalize can produce round-trips", () => {
+    const produced: Array<DatabaseEndpoint | null> = [
+      canonical("postgres.data", { caller: pod("shop", "staging") }),
+      canonical("postgres.data", { caller: pod("shop", null) }),
+      canonical("mongo-0.mongo-hl", {
+        system: "mongodb",
+        caller: pod("data", "prod"),
+      }),
+      canonical("169.254.1.10", { caller: K8S_CALLER }),
+      canonical("db.internal", { caller: K8S_CALLER }),
+      canonical("db.internal", { caller: VM_CALLER }),
+      canonical("10.0.0.5\\INST01", { system: MSSQL, caller: K8S_CALLER }),
+      canonical("pg.shop", { caller: VM_CALLER }),
+    ];
+    for (const endpoint of produced) {
+      expect(endpoint).not.toBeNull();
+      const system: string = endpoint!.host.includes("\\")
+        ? MSSQL
+        : endpoint!.port === 27017
+          ? "mongodb"
+          : PG_SYSTEM;
+      expect(
+        parseDatabaseEndpointString(formatDatabaseEndpoint(endpoint!), {
+          system,
+        }),
+      ).toEqual(endpoint);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe("parseManualDatabaseEndpoint", () => {
+  function manual(
+    value: unknown,
+    context: Partial<{
+      system: string;
+      port: unknown;
+      kubernetesClusterName: string | null;
+      kubernetesNamespace: string | null;
+      knownClusterNames: Array<string> | null;
+    }> = {},
+  ): ManualDatabaseEndpoint {
+    return parseManualDatabaseEndpoint(value, {
+      system: PG_SYSTEM,
+      ...context,
+    });
+  }
+
+  test("accepts what parseDatabaseEndpointString accepts, canonicalized the same way", () => {
+    for (const value of [
+      "Orders-DB.example.com",
+      "orders-db.example.com:6543",
+      "10.0.0.5@prod",
+      "postgres.data@staging",
+      "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local:5432@prod",
+      "[fd00::5]:5432",
+      "postgres://app@db.example.com:5432/orders",
+    ]) {
+      const result: ManualDatabaseEndpoint = manual(value);
+      expect(result.error).toBeNull();
+      expect(result.endpoint).toEqual(
+        parseDatabaseEndpointString(value, { system: PG_SYSTEM }),
+      );
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("user@host is refused with a message that says to drop the user", () => {
+    const result: ManualDatabaseEndpoint = manual("admin@10.0.0.5:5432");
+    expect(result.endpoint).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.error).toContain("looks like user@host");
+    expect(result.error).toContain('Remove "admin@"');
+    expect(manual("user@db.example.com").error).toContain(
+      "looks like user@host",
+    );
+    expect(manual("john.doe@db.example.com").error).toContain(
+      'Remove "john.doe@"',
+    );
+    // "@" with nothing before it is simply not an endpoint.
+    expect(manual("@db.example.com").error).toContain(
+      "is not a valid host[:port] endpoint",
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("a qualifier on a public name is refused, naming the qualifier to remove", () => {
+    const result: ManualDatabaseEndpoint = manual("db.example.com:5432@prod");
+    expect(result.endpoint).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.error).toContain('Remove "@prod"');
+    expect(result.error).toContain("db.example.com");
+  });
+
+  test("a qualifier on a bare single-label name asks for the namespace", () => {
+    const result: ManualDatabaseEndpoint = manual("pg@prod");
+    expect(result.endpoint).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.error).toContain("pg.<namespace>@prod");
+  });
+
+  test("loopback, garbage and empty values are refused with their own messages", () => {
+    expect(manual("localhost:5432").error).toContain("loopback");
+    expect(manual("host.minikube.internal").error).toContain("loopback");
+    expect(manual("[REDACTED]").error).toContain(
+      "is not a valid host[:port] endpoint",
+    );
+    expect(manual("   ").error).toContain("Server address is required");
+    expect(manual(null).error).toContain("Server address is required");
+  });
+
+  test("an out-of-range port in the address is an error, not silently the default", () => {
+    // parseDatabaseEndpointString would quietly fill in 5432.
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString("db.example.com:70000", {
+        system: PG_SYSTEM,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({ host: "db.example.com", port: 5432 });
+    const result: ManualDatabaseEndpoint = manual("db.example.com:70000");
+    expect(result.endpoint).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.error).toContain("outside 1-65535");
+  });
+
+  test("the port field replaces the address's port, and must be valid", () => {
+    expect(manual("db.example.com:70000", { port: 6543 }).endpoint).toEqual({
+      host: "db.example.com",
+      port: 6543,
+    });
+    expect(manual("db.example.com:5432", { port: "6543" }).endpoint).toEqual({
+      host: "db.example.com",
+      port: 6543,
+    });
+    expect(manual("db.example.com", { port: "" }).endpoint).toEqual({
+      host: "db.example.com",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+    for (const port of [0, 70000, "abc", 5432.5]) {
+      expect(manual("db.example.com", { port }).error).toBe(
+        "Server port must be a whole number between 1 and 65535.",
+      );
+    }
+    // A port names a SQL Server instance: the instance is dropped.
+    expect(
+      manual("sql1.corp\\INST01", { system: MSSQL, port: 1434 }).endpoint,
+    ).toEqual({ host: "sql1.corp", port: 1434 });
+    expect(manual("sql1.corp\\INST01", { system: MSSQL }).endpoint).toEqual({
+      host: "sql1.corp\\inst01",
+      port: null,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("an unqualified cluster-scoped endpoint is accepted with a hint naming the qualified form", () => {
+    const result: ManualDatabaseEndpoint = manual(
+      "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      { knownClusterNames: ["Staging", "prod", "", "staging"] },
+    );
+    expect(result.endpoint).toEqual({
+      host: "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local",
+      port: 5432,
+    });
+    expect(result.error).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.clusterQualifierHint).toContain(
+      "postgres.data.svc.cluster.local:5432@staging",
+    );
+    expect(result.clusterQualifierHint).toContain(
+      "this project's clusters: staging, prod",
+    );
+    expect(manual("10.0.0.5").clusterQualifierHint).toContain(
+      "10.0.0.5:5432@<cluster name>",
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("no hint for a global or already-qualified endpoint", () => {
+    expect(manual("db.example.com").clusterQualifierHint).toBeNull();
+    expect(manual("10.0.0.5@prod").clusterQualifierHint).toBeNull();
+    // The row's own cluster qualifies it, too.
+    expect(
+      manual("10.0.0.5", { kubernetesClusterName: "prod" }).endpoint,
+    ).toEqual({ host: "10.0.0.5", port: 5432, kubernetesClusterName: "prod" });
+  });
+
+  test("echoes at most 100 characters of a rejected value", () => {
+    const long: string = `${"a".repeat(300)}!`;
+    const error: string = manual(long).error || "";
+    expect(error).toContain(`${"a".repeat(100)}…`);
+    expect(error).not.toContain("a".repeat(101));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("host lists name one logical server", () => {
+  test("the member chosen does not depend on the order a client lists them", () => {
+    const orders: Array<string> = [
+      "m1.prod:27017,m2.prod:27017,m3.prod:27017",
+      "m3.prod:27017,m1.prod:27017,m2.prod:27017",
+      "m2.prod:27017,m3.prod:27017,m1.prod:27017",
+      "mongodb://app:pw@m3.prod:27017,m2.prod:27017,m1.prod:27017/orders?replicaSet=rs0",
+    ];
+    for (const raw of orders) {
+      expect(parseHostAndPort(raw)).toEqual({ host: "m1.prod", port: 27017 });
+      expect(
+        key(canonical(raw, { system: "mongodb", caller: VM_CALLER })),
+      ).toBe(key(canonical("m1.prod:27017", { system: "mongodb" })));
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("parseHostAndPortList returns every member once, in canonical order", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseHostAndPortList("M2.prod:27017, m1.prod ,m2.prod:27017,"),
+    ).toEqual([
+      { host: "m1.prod", port: null },
+      { host: "m2.prod", port: 27017 },
+    ]);
+    expect(parseHostAndPortList("db.prod:5432")).toEqual([
+      { host: "db.prod", port: 5432 },
+    ]);
+    expect(parseHostAndPortList("sql.prod,1433")).toEqual([
+      { host: "sql.prod", port: 1433 },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  test("a list is only read when every member is readable", () => {
+    expect(parseHostAndPort("m1.prod:27017,[REDACTED]")).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseHostAndPortList("m1.prod,***.***.***.***")).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseHostAndPortList(",,,")).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseHostAndPortList(null)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("getDatabaseClusterHost (managed cluster members)", () => {
+  test("MongoDB Atlas members map to their cluster's name", () => {
+    expect(getDatabaseClusterHost("c0-shard-00-00.abcd.mongodb.net")).toBe(
+      "c0.abcd.mongodb.net",
+    );
+    expect(getDatabaseClusterHost("C0-Shard-00-02.ABCD.mongodb.net")).toBe(
+      "c0.abcd.mongodb.net",
+    );
+    expect(
+      getDatabaseClusterHost("ac-x1y2z3-shard-01-02.ab1cd.mongodb.net"),
+    ).toBe("ac-x1y2z3.ab1cd.mongodb.net");
+    expect(
+      getDatabaseClusterHost("my-shard-cluster-shard-00-01.q.mongodb.net"),
+    ).toBe("my-shard-cluster.q.mongodb.net");
+  });
+
+  test("anything else is not a member", () => {
+    for (const host of [
+      "c0.abcd.mongodb.net",
+      "c0-shard-0-1.abcd.mongodb.net",
+      "c0-shard-00-00.abcd.mongodb.com",
+      "a.c0-shard-00-00.abcd.mongodb.net",
+      "-shard-00-00.abcd.mongodb.net",
+      "c0-shard-00-00-pl-0.abcd.mongodb.net",
+      "c0-shard-00-00.ab_cd.mongodb.net",
+      "db.example.com",
+      "",
+    ]) {
+      expect(getDatabaseClusterHost(host)).toBeNull();
+    }
+    expect(getDatabaseClusterHost(null as unknown as string)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("the new parsing paths stay linear on hostile input", () => {
+  test("huge host lists, long labels and repeated markers answer quickly", () => {
+    const started: number = performance.now();
+
+    expect(parseHostAndPort(`${"a,".repeat(100_000)}b`)?.host).toBe("a");
+    expect(
+      getDatabaseClusterHost(
+        `${"x-shard-".repeat(20_000)}00-00.abcd.mongodb.net`,
+      ),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      isHostRelativeDatabaseHost(`host.${"a".repeat(200_000)}.internal`),
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      parseDatabaseEndpointString(
+        `${"a".repeat(100_000)}@${"b.".repeat(50_000)}c`,
+        {
+          system: PG_SYSTEM,
+        },
+      ),
+    ).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      canonical(`${"a-".repeat(50_000)}1.b`, { caller: pod("shop", "prod") }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+
+    expect(performance.now() - started).toBeLessThan(2000);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("isKubernetesServiceDnsHost", () => {
+  test.each([
+    "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+    "pg.shop.svc",
+    "pg.shop.svc.corp.k8s",
+    "pg-0.pg-headless.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+    "PG.Shop.SVC.cluster.local.",
+    " pg.shop.svc.cluster.local ",
+    "mssql.data.svc.cluster.local\\inst01",
+  ])("%j is a Kubernetes Service name", (host: string) => {
+    expect(isKubernetesServiceDnsHost(host)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test.each([
+    "pg",
+    "pg.shop",
+    "db.internal",
+    "orders-db.corp.internal",
+    "orders-db.local",
+    "10.0.1.5",
+    "orders-db.example.com",
+    "svc.cluster.local",
+    "a.b.c.d.svc.cluster.local",
+    "pg.shop.svcx.cluster.local",
+    "",
+    null as unknown as string,
+    42 as unknown as string,
+  ])("%j is not", (host: string) => {
+    expect(isKubernetesServiceDnsHost(host)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test("it is the test the endpoint parser expands Service names with", () => {
+    for (const typed of [
+      "pg.shop.svc",
+      "pg.shop.svc.cluster.local",
+      "pg-0.pg-hl.shop.svc",
+    ]) {
+      const parsed: ManualDatabaseEndpoint = parseManualDatabaseEndpoint(
+        typed,
+        { system: PG_SYSTEM },
+      );
+      expect(parsed.endpoint!.host.endsWith(".svc.cluster.local")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isKubernetesServiceDnsHost(parsed.endpoint!.host)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("stays linear on hostile input", () => {
+    const started: number = performance.now();
+
+    expect(isKubernetesServiceDnsHost("a".repeat(200_000))).toBe(false);
+    expect(isKubernetesServiceDnsHost(`${"a.".repeat(100_000)}svc`)).toBe(
+      false,
+    );
+    expect(isKubernetesServiceDnsHost(`a.b${".".repeat(200_000)}x`)).toBe(
+      false,
+    );
+
+    expect(performance.now() - started).toBeLessThan(1000);
+  });
+});